| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(author)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Bouyoucef, S E, et al.
(author)
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Poster Session 2 : Monday 4 May 2015, 08
- 2015
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In: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 16 Suppl 1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Beyer, J., et al.
(author)
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Maintaining success, reducing treatment burden, focusing on survivorship: highlights from the third European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ-cell cancer
- 2013
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In: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 24:4, s. 878-888
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In November 2011, the Third European Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Germ-Cell Cancer (GCC) was held in Berlin, Germany. This third conference followed similar meetings in 2003 (Essen, Germany) and 2006 (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) [Schmoll H-J, Souchon R, Krege S et al. European consensus on diagnosis and treatment of germ-cell cancer: a report of the European Germ-Cell Cancer Consensus Group (EGCCCG). Ann Oncol 2004; 15: 1377-1399; Krege S, Beyer J, Souchon R et al. European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ-cell cancer: a report of the second meeting of the European Germ-Cell Cancer Consensus group (EGCCCG): part I. Eur Urol 2008; 53: 478-496; Krege S, Beyer J, Souchon R et al. European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ-cell cancer: a report of the second meeting of the European Germ-Cell Cancer Consensus group (EGCCCG): part II. Eur Urol 2008; 53: 497-513]. A panel of 56 of 60 invited GCC experts from all across Europe discussed all aspects on diagnosis and treatment of GCC, with a particular focus on acute and late toxic effects as well as on survivorship issues. The panel consisted of oncologists, urologic surgeons, radiooncologists, pathologists and basic scientists, who are all actively involved in care of GCC patients. Panelists were chosen based on the publication activity in recent years. Before the meeting, panelists were asked to review the literature published since 2006 in 20 major areas concerning all aspects of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of GCC patients, and to prepare an updated version of the previous recommendations to be discussed at the conference. In addition, similar to 50 E-vote questions were drafted and presented at the conference to address the most controversial areas for a poll of expert opinions. Here, we present the main recommendations and controversies of this meeting. The votes of the panelists are added as online supplements.
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| 4. |
- Abbott, R., et al.
(author)
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Hybridization and speciation
- 2013
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In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 26:2, s. 229-246
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hybridization has many and varied impacts on the process of speciation. Hybridization may slow or reverse differentiation by allowing gene flow and recombination. It may accelerate speciation via adaptive introgression or cause near-instantaneous speciation by allopolyploidization. It may have multiple effects at different stages and in different spatial contexts within a single speciation event. We offer a perspective on the context and evolutionary significance of hybridization during speciation, highlighting issues of current interest and debate. In secondary contact zones, it is uncertain if barriers to gene flow will be strengthened or broken down due to recombination and gene flow. Theory and empirical evidence suggest the latter is more likely, except within and around strongly selected genomic regions. Hybridization may contribute to speciation through the formation of new hybrid taxa, whereas introgression of a few loci may promote adaptive divergence and so facilitate speciation. Gene regulatory networks, epigenetic effects and the evolution of selfish genetic material in the genome suggest that the Dobzhansky-Muller model of hybrid incompatibilities requires a broader interpretation. Finally, although the incidence of reinforcement remains uncertain, this and other interactions in areas of sympatry may have knock-on effects on speciation both within and outside regions of hybridization.
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| 6. |
- Brown, M. R., et al.
(author)
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Microphysics of Cosmic Plasmas : Hierarchies of Plasma Instabilities from MHD to Kinetic
- 2013
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In: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 178:2-4, s. 357-383
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we discuss the idea of a hierarchy of instabilities that can rapidly couple the disparate scales of a turbulent plasma system. First, at the largest scale of the system, L, current carrying flux ropes can undergo a kink instability. Second, a kink instability in adjacent flux ropes can rapidly bring together bundles of magnetic flux and drive reconnection, introducing a new scale of the current sheet width, ℓ, perhaps several ion inertial lengths (δ i ) across. Finally, intense current sheets driven by reconnection electric fields can destabilize kinetic waves such as ion cyclotron waves as long as the drift speed of the electrons is large compared to the ion thermal speed, v D ≫v i . Instabilities such as these can couple MHD scales to kinetic scales, as small as the proton Larmor radius, ρ i .
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Warwick, J., et al.
(author)
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Experimental Observation of a Current-Driven Instability in a Neutral Electron-Positron Beam
- 2017
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 119:18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the first experimental observation of a current-driven instability developing in a quasineutral matter-antimatter beam. Strong magnetic fields (amp;gt;= 1 T) are measured, via means of a proton radiography technique, after the propagation of a neutral electron-positron beam through a background electron-ion plasma. The experimentally determined equipartition parameter of epsilon(B) approximate to 10(-3) is typical of values inferred from models of astrophysical gamma-ray bursts, in which the relativistic flows are also expected to be pair dominated. The data, supported by particle-in-cell simulations and simple analytical estimates, indicate that these magnetic fields persist in the background plasma for thousands of inverse plasma frequencies. The existence of such long-lived magnetic fields can be related to analog astrophysical systems, such as those prevalent in lepton-dominated jets.
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| 12. |
- Brown, Michael R, et al.
(author)
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Microphysics of Cosmic Plasmas : Hierarchies of Plasma Instabilities from MHD to Kinetic
- 2014. - 1
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In: Microphysics of cosmic plasmas. - Boston : Springer. - 9781489974129 - 9781489974136 ; , s. 281-307
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we discuss the idea of a hierarchy of instabilities that can rapidly couple the disparate scales of a turbulent plasma system. First, at the largest scale of the system, L, current carrying flux ropes can undergo a kink instability. Second, a kink instability in adjacent flux ropes can rapidly bring together bundles of magnetic flux and drive reconnection, introducing a new scale of the current sheet width, ℓ, perhaps several ion inertial lengths (δ i ) across. Finally, intense current sheets driven by reconnection electric fields can destabilize kinetic waves such as ion cyclotron waves as long as the drift speed of the electrons is large compared to the ion thermal speed, v D ≫v i . Instabilities such as these can couple MHD scales to kinetic scales, as small as the proton Larmor radius, ρ i .
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Dieckmann, Mark E, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Numerical simulation and visualization of stochastic and ordered electron motion forced by electrostatic waves in a magnetized plasma
- 2005
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In: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674. ; 12:9, s. 92902-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interaction of electrons with strong electrostatic waves and an external magnetic field, which is oriented obliquely to the wave vector, leads to stochastic acceleration and acceleration by the cross-field transport of trapped electrons. This wave-particle interaction involves three velocity components of the electrons and, for a plane wave, one spatial position. The phase-space evolution is also affected by nonlinear oscillations in the amplitude of the saturated wave, and the system becomes explicitly time dependent. Here, the wave-particle interactions are investigated with a particle-in-cell simulation, and the results are visualized by examining orbits of individual electrons and also time-evolving phase-space structures. Two clearly distinct electron populations are identified, one due to cross-field transport and the other due to stochastic interactions, which are robust against growing secondary modes. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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| 18. |
- Eliasson, B., et al.
(author)
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Simulation study of surfing acceleration in magnetized space plasmas
- 2005
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In: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a numerical study of the surfing mechanism in which electrons are trapped in Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes, and are accelerated across the magnetic field direction by the Lorentz force in magnetized space plasmas. The BGK modes are the product of an ion-beam Buneman instability that excites large-amplitude electrostatic upper-hybrid waves in the plasma. Our study, which is performed with particle-in-cell (PIC) and Vlasov codes, reveals the stability of the BGK mode as a function of the magnetic field strength and the ion beam speed. It is found that the surfing acceleration is more effective for a weaker magnetic field owing to the longer lifetime of the BGK modes. The importance of our investigation to electron acceleration in astrophysical environments has been emphasized. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
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| 19. |
- Quinn, K., et al.
(author)
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Weibel-Induced Filamentation during an Ultrafast Laser-Driven Plasma Expansion
- 2012
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In: Physical Review Letters. - American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 108:13, s. 135001-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of current instabilities behind the front of a cylindrically expanding plasma has been investigated experimentally via proton probing techniques. A multitude of tubelike filamentary structures is observed to form behind the front of a plasma created by irradiating solid-density wire targets with a high-intensity (I∼1019 W/cm2), picosecond-duration laser pulse. These filaments exhibit a remarkable degree of stability, persisting for several tens of picoseconds, and appear to be magnetized over a filament length corresponding to several filament radii. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that their formation can be attributed to a Weibel instability driven by a thermal anisotropy of the electron population. We suggest that these results may have implications in astrophysical scenarios, particularly concerning the problem of the generation of strong, spatially extended and sustained magnetic fields in astrophysical jets.
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| 20. |
- Slavc, I, et al.
(author)
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Improved Long-Term Survival of Patients with Recurrent Medulloblastoma Treated with a "MEMMAT-like" Metronomic Antiangiogenic Approach
- 2022
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In: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 14:20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Medulloblastoma (MB) recurrence is usually incurable despite intensive therapy including high-dose chemotherapy. An evolving alternative approach to conventional chemotherapy aims at interfering with tumor angiogenesis at different levels. We report on a novel combinatorial metronomic antiangiogenic approach. The study is a retrospective observational study of 29 consecutive patients with first or multiple recurrences prospectively treated according to the MEMMAT strategy (“MEMMAT-like”) before the formal protocol (MEMMAT; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01356290) started. The study period was 11/2006 to 06/2016. Treatment consisted of daily oral thalidomide, fenofibrate, celecoxib, and alternating 21-day cycles of low-dose oral etoposide and cyclophosphamide supplemented by IV bevacizumab and intraventricular therapy consisting of alternating etoposide and liposomal cytarabine. Median overall survival (OS) after recurrence for the whole group was 29.5 months, OS was 48.3 ± 9.3% at three years and 34.5 ± 8.8% at five years, and progression-free survival was 42.0 ± 9.5% at three years and 29.4 ± 9% at five years. As of 07/2022, 9/29 patients are alive 86 to 164 months after the recurrence that prompted the “MEMMAT-like” therapy. Treatment was primarily out-patient and generally well-tolerated. Toxicities did occur but were manageable. In conclusion, antiangiogenic therapy according to the MEMMAT strategy increased median OS of patients with recurrent MB and may lead to long-term survival. Adherence to the protocol, including intraventricular therapy, appears important.
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