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| 2. |
- Bombarda, F., et al.
(author)
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Runaway electron beam control
- 2019
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 61:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Does Labour Mobility Foster Innovation? : Evidence from Sweden
- 2015
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- By utilising a Swedish unique, matched employer-employee dataset that has been pooled with firm-level patent application data, we provide new evidence that knowledge workers’ mobility has a positive and strongly significant impact on firm innovation output, as measured by firm patent applications. The effect is particularly strong for knowledge workers that have previously worked in a patenting firm (the learning-by-hiring effect), but firms losing a knowledge worker are also shown to benefit (the diaspora effect), albeit more weakly. Finally, the effect is more pronounced when the joining worker originates in another region.
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| 4. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Labour as a knowledge carrier : how increased mobilityinfluences entrepreneurship
- 2015
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In: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 41:6, s. 1308-1326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- According to the knowledge-based spillover theory of entrepreneurship (KSTE), entrepreneurship is positively associated with the knowledge endowment level. An increase in knowledge expands the opportunity set, which is then exploited by heterogeneous entrepreneurs. The objective of this paper is to empirically test the validity of the KSTE by employing a detailed database comprising more than 19 million observations for the period 2001–2008 at the level of individuals, firms and regions in Sweden. Knowledge is claimed to be partly embodied in labour, implying that an increase in labour mobility can be expected to influence knowledge endowment at the regional level. Our dependent variable is an individual who has remained in a region throughout the time period considered. Controlling for a number of other variables, inter-regional labour inflows and intra-regional mobility levels are shown to exert a strong positive effect on entrepreneurship. This contrasts with inter-regional outflows, which negatively affect entrepreneurial entry. Another noteworthy result is that the probability of exploiting an increased knowledge stock through entrepreneurship increases by 15 % points if the individual has previous experience in starting a firm.
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| 5. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Labour market mobility, knowledge diffusion and innovation
- 2020
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In: European Economic Review. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0014-2921 .- 1873-572X. ; 123
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Utilising a unique Swedish matched employer–employee dataset, which has been pooled with firm-level patent application data, we provide new evidence that knowledge workers’ mobility has a positive and strongly significant impact on firm innovation output, as measured by firm patent applications. The effect is statistically and economically highly significant for knowledge workers who have previously worked in a patenting firm (the learning-by-hiring effect), whereas only limited impact could be detected for firms losing knowledge workers (the learning-by-diaspora effect). No effects were detected for inexperienced university graduates. Finally, the effect is more pronounced when the joining worker originates from within the same region. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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| 6. |
- Ding, Ding, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Does Innovation Lead to Firm Growth? : Explorative versus Exploitative Innovations
- 2016
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper, we examine the relationship between innovation and firm growth. Weimplement a classification of innovations based on whether they are explorative orexploitative, taking advantage of a unique Swedish dataset for the period 1997 to 2012.The data allow us to construct each firm’s innovation history. Panel regression estimations,together with an instrumental variable method, confirm a significant and positive effect ofboth exploitative and explorative innovation on firms’ employment growth. More radicalexplorative innovations are shown to have a more persistent growth effect, whereasexploitative innovation increases labour demand in the short run. We also provideempirical findings regarding the effect of innovations distributed on size classes anddifferent ownership structures.
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| 7. |
- Ding, Ding, 1986-
(author)
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Heterogeneous Innovation and Labour Mobility
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Knowledge is a necessary and critically important factor in generating growth and increased prosperity. The extent to which such effects are materialized depends however on its diffusion and how it transcends into innovation, entrepreneurship and growing firms. This doctoral thesis consists of four papers that examine how labor mobility and innovation strategies influence the performance at the firm level with respect to new ventures, firm level growth and innovativeness. The first paper provides empirical support of the validity of the knowledge-based spillover theory of entrepreneurship by employing a detailed database. The results indicate that both inter-regional labor inflows and intra-regional labor mobility exert a strong positive effect on entrepreneurship, while inter-regional outflows negatively affect entrepreneurial entry. The second paper examines the influence of the labor mobility of knowledge workers on innovation at the firm level. New evidence are provided that reveals a positive and significant impact of labor mobility on firms’ innovations measured as patent applications. In the third paper the influence of labor mobility between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and other firms on innovation is investigated. Looking at firms having different owner structures, empirical evidence are provided that particularly domestically owned MNEs generate strong knowledge spillovers to non-MNEs that translates into innovations. The fourth paper examines the relationship between innovation and firm growth. We implement a classification of innovations based on whether they are explorative or exploitative. The more radical explorative innovations are shown to have a persistent growth effect in the long term, while exploitative innovation increases the labor demand predominantly in the short term.
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| 8. |
- Ding, Ding, 1986-
(author)
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Learning from Multinational Enterprises:Knowledge flows through labour mobility
- 2015
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Labour mobility is one mechanism through which technology and innovation frommultinational enterprises (MNEs) may be transferred to non-multinational enterprises(non-MNEs). Previous research has predominantly focused on such transfers as MNEsfrom developed economies have located to less developed countries. The objective of thispaper is to investigate how labour mobility between MNEs and other firms in a developedeconomy impacts innovation. Using employer-employee panel data on Swedish firms overa 10-year period, we find empirical evidence that spillover through hiring workerspreviously employed at MNEs, particularly domestically owned MNEs, stimulatesinnovations, as measured by patent applications.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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- 2018
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 13. |
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- 2018
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)
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| 21. |
- Jungfleisch, M. B., et al.
(author)
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Dynamic response of an artificial square spin ice
- 2016
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In: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 93:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Magnetization dynamics in an artificial square spin-ice lattice made of Ni80Fe20 with magnetic field applied in the lattice plane is investigated by broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The experimentally observed dispersion shows a rich spectrum of modes corresponding to different magnetization states. These magnetization states are determined by exchange and dipolar interaction between individual islands, as is confirmed by a semianalytical model. In the low field regime below 400 Oe a hysteretic behavior in the mode spectrum is found. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that the origin of the observed spectra is due to the initialization of different magnetization states of individual nanomagnets. Our results indicate that it might be possible to determine the spin-ice state by resonance experiments and are a first step towards the understanding of artificial geometrically frustrated magnetic systems in the high-frequency regime.
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| 25. |
- Krasilnikov, A., et al.
(author)
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Evidence of 9 Be + p nuclear reactions during 2ω CH and hydrogen minority ICRH in JET-ILW hydrogen and deuterium plasmas
- 2018
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The intensity of 9Be + p nuclear fusion reactions was experimentally studied during second harmonic (2ω CH) ion-cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) and further analyzed during fundamental hydrogen minority ICRH of JET-ILW hydrogen and deuterium plasmas. In relatively low-density plasmas with a high ICRH power, a population of fast H+ ions was created and measured by neutral particle analyzers. Primary and secondary nuclear reaction products, due to 9Be + p interaction, were observed with fast ion loss detectors, γ-ray spectrometers and neutron flux monitors and spectrometers. The possibility of using 9Be(p, d)2α and 9Be(p, α)6Li nuclear reactions to create a population of fast alpha particles and study their behaviour in non-active stage of ITER operation is discussed in the paper.
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| 29. |
- Peel, Jessica N., et al.
(author)
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Neutralizing IFN-γ autoantibodies are rare and pathogenic in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals
- 2024
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In: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : American Society For Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 134:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND. Weakly virulent environmental mycobacteria (EM) can cause severe disease in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 adults harboring neutralizing anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (nAIGAs). The overall prevalence of nAIGAs in the general population is unknown, as are the penetrance of nAIGAs in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals and the proportion of patients with unexplained, adult-onset EM infections carrying nAIGAs.METHODS. This study analyzed the detection and neutralization of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (auto-Abs) from 8,430 healthy individuals of the general population, 257 HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 carriers, 1,063 patients with autoimmune disease, and 497 patients with unexplained severe disease due to EM.RESULTS. We found that anti-IFN-γ auto-Abs detected in 4,148 of 8,430 healthy individuals (49.2%) from the general population of an unknown HLA-DRB1 genotype were not neutralizing. Moreover, we did not find nAIGAs in 257 individuals carrying HLA-DRB1* 15:02 or 16:02. Additionally, nAIGAs were absent in 1,063 patients with an autoimmune disease. Finally, 7 of 497 patients (1.4%) with unexplained severe disease due to EM harbored nAIGAs.CONCLUSION. These findings suggest that nAIGAs are isolated and that their penetrance in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals is low, implying that they may be triggered by rare germline or somatic variants. In contrast, the risk of mycobacterial disease in patients with nAIGAs is high, confirming that these nAIGAs are the cause of EM disease.
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| 30. |
- Shu, Jiahui, et al.
(author)
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Efficient synthesis of polyether polyols in simple microreactors
- 2021
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In: Reaction Chemistry & Engineering. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2058-9883. ; 6:4, s. 685-693
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polyether polyols as a crucial chemical for the synthesis of polyurethanes have attracted much attention, especially for propylene oxide-based polyether polyols due to their ready availability and good structural diversity. In the present work, microreactors configured with a SIMM-V2 micromixer and stainless steel capillary were developed for the continuous and efficient synthesis of propylene oxide-based polyether polyols. For the conversion of propylene oxide higher than 95%, the reaction time was less than 60 s that was significantly shorter than that in a batch reactor. Also, the reaction temperature can be controlled precisely, thereby obtaining high purity polyether polyol products. To identify the maximum performance of the microreactors, while keeping the conversion of PO higher than 95%, the novel process windows of the reactors were determined by investigating the relations of reaction temperature and pressure, reaction temperature and residence time, and feed flow rate and residence time. The results showed that high quality polyether polyols could be easily prepared in the microreactors under flexible operating conditions. In addition, polyether polyols with higher molecular weights could also be prepared by using a two SIMM-V2 configured microreactor. This work showed that the microreactors are promising candidates for the synthesis of polyether polyols in the industry.
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| 33. |
- Thyagarajan, Radha, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Contribution of autoallergy to the pathogenesis in the NOD mice
- 2015
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In: Autoimmunity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 48:5, s. 298-304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The immunoglobulin isotype IgE is commonly associated with allergy. However, its involvement in autoimmune disease in general, and Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in particular, is still not completely clarified, nonetheless IgE has been observed in patients with T1D. In this article, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of IgE in the pathogenesis of the disease in a spontaneous model for T1D, i.e. the NOD mouse. We observed increased levels of IgE in splenic, lymph node and peripheral blood B cells in the NOD mice compared to the control C57BL/6 (B6) mice. No correlation was found between the IgE levels on B cells and those in the sera of these mice, indicating a B cell intrinsic property mediating IgE capture in NOD. Functionally, the B cells from NOD were similar to B6 in rescuing the IgE-mediated immune response via the low affinity receptor CD23 in a transgenic adoptive transfer system. However, the involvement of IgE in diabetes development was clearly demonstrated, as treatment with anti-IgE antibodies delayed the incidence of the diabetes in the NOD mice compared to the PBS treated group. Pancreas sections from a 13-week-old NOD revealed the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures with T cells, B cells, germinal centers and IgE suggesting the presence of autoantigen specific IgE. Our study provides an insight to the commonly overlooked immunoglobulin IgE and its potential role in autoimmunity.
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| 34. |
- Xu, Li, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Graphene-based biosensors for the detection of prostate cancer protein biomarkers: a review
- 2019
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In: BMC Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2661-801X. ; 13:1
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PC) is the sixth most common cancer type in the world, which causes approximately 10% of total cancer fatalities. The detection of protein biomarkers in body fluids is the key topic for the diagnosis and prognosis of PC. Highly sensitive screening of PC is the most effective approach for reducing mortality. Thus, there are a growing number of literature that recognizes the importance of new technologies for early diagnosis of PC. Graphene is playing an important role in the biosensor field with remarkable physical, optical, electrochemical and magnetic properties. Many recent studies demonstrated the potential of graphene materials for sensitive detection of protein biomarkers. In this review, the graphene-based biosensors toward PC analysis are mainly discussed in two groups: Firstly, novel biosensor interfaces were constructed through the modification of graphene materials onto sensor surfaces. Secondly, ingenious signal amplification strategies were developed using graphene materials as catalysts or carriers. Graphene-based biosensors have exhibited remarkable performance with high sensitivities, wide detection ranges, and long-term stabilities.
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