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1.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (author)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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3.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (author)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
  • 2012
  • In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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4.
  • 2019
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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5.
  • Sampson, Joshua N., et al. (author)
  • Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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6.
  • Ding, Bao Jian, et al. (author)
  • Biosynthesis of the sex pheromone component (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate in the European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana, involving ∆11 desaturation and an elusive ∆7 desaturase
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 47:3, s. 248-264
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, uses (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate as its major sex pheromone component. Through in vivo labeling experiments we demonstrated that the doubly unsaturated pheromone component is produced by ∆11 desaturation of tetradecanoic acid, followed by chain shortening of (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid to (Z)-9-dodecenoic acid, and subsequently introduction of the second double bond by an unknown ∆7 desaturase, before final reduction and acetylation. By sequencing and analyzing the transcriptome of female pheromone glands of L. botrana, we obtained 41 candidate genes that may be involved in sex pheromone production, including the genes encoding 17 fatty acyl desaturases, 13 fatty acyl reductases, 1 fatty acid synthase, 3 acyl-CoA oxidases, 1 acetyl-CoA carboxylase, 4 fatty acid transport proteins and 2 acyl-CoA binding proteins. A functional assay of desaturase and acyl-CoA oxidase gene candidates in yeast and insect cell (Sf9) heterologous expression systems revealed that Lbo_PPTQ encodes a ∆11 desaturase producing (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid from tetradecanoic acid. Further, Lbo_31670 and Lbo_49602 encode two acyl-CoA oxidases that may produce (Z)-9-dodecenoic acid by chain shortening (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid. The gene encoding the enzyme introducing the E7 double bond into (Z)-9-dodecenoic acid remains elusive even though we assayed 17 candidate desaturases in the two heterologous systems.
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7.
  • Han, Yi, et al. (author)
  • Na-mediated carbon nitride realizing CO 2 photoreduction with selectivity modulation
  • 2024
  • In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 670, s. 348-356
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The depressed directional separation of photogenerated carriers and weak CO2 adsorption/activation activity are the main factors hampering the development of artificial photosynthesis. Herein, Na ions are embedded in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to achieve directional migration of the photogenerated electrons to Na sites, while the electron-rich Na sites enhance CO2 adsorption and activation. Na/g-C3N4 (NaCN) shows improved photocatalytic reduction activity of CO2 to CO and CH4, and under simulated sunlight irradiation, the CO yield of NaCN synthesized by embedding Na at 550 degrees C (NaCN-550) is 371.2 mu mol g-1 h-1, which is 58.9 times more than that of the monomer g-C3N4. By means of theoretical calculations and experiments including in situ fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the mechanism is investigated. This strategy which improves carrier separation and reduces the energy barrier at the same time is important to the development of artificial photosynthesis.
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8.
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9.
  • Liu, Qing, et al. (author)
  • Unraveling the unique role of brown graphitic carbon nitride in robust CO2 photoreduction
  • 2023
  • In: Applied Surface Science. - : ELSEVIER. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 615
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is one of the important means to alleviate the energy crisis. In this work, an oxygen linked and brown graphitic carbon nitride (GACN) was successfully prepared by thermal polymerization after oil bath method. GACN introduced oxygen atoms on surface of BulkCN. Various characterizations of the material show that the prepared GACN has a different structure and higher photoelectronic activity compared to BulkCN. GACN possessed strong photocatalytic CO2 reduction capacity, and the photocatalytic activity was significantly improved compared with BulkCN. In view of density functional theory calculations, it is proved that the oxygen atoms introduced by GACN increase CO2 photoreaction reactivity, enhance electronic activity and reduce the reaction energy barrier. This work can have a positive effect on the photocatalytic application of g-C3N4 with the existence of oxygen atoms.
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10.
  • Meng, Yi, et al. (author)
  • 2D and 3D Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Frameworks : The Influence of Dimensionality on Functionality
  • 2020
  • In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:9, s. 3624-3629
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The construction of 2D and 3D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from functional moieties for desired properties has gained much attention. However, the influence of COFs dimensionality on their functionalities, which can further assist in COF design, has never been explored. Now, by selecting designed precursors and topology diagrams, 2D and 3D porphyrinic COFs (2D-PdPor-COF and 3D-PdPor-COF) are synthesized. By model building and Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction, 2D-PdPor-COF crystallizes as 2D sheets while 3D-PdPor-COF adopts a five-fold interpenetrated pts topology. Interestingly, compared with 2D-PdPor-COF, 3D-PdPor-COF showed interesting properties, including 1) higher CO2 adsorption capacity; 2) better photocatalytic performance; and 3) size-selective photocatalysis. Based on this study, we believe that with the incorporation of functional moieties, the dimensionality of COFs can definitely influence their functionalities.
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11.
  • Qin, Yi, et al. (author)
  • Structural and Functional Study of D-Glucuronyl C5-epimerase
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 290:8, s. 4620-4630
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Heparan sulfate (HS) is a glycosaminoglycan present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, which interacts with diverse signal molecules and is essential for many physiological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, inflammation, and blood coagulation. D-Glucuronyl C5-epimerase (Glce) is a crucial enzyme in HS synthesis, converting D-glucuronic acid to L-iduronic acid to increase HS flexibility. This modification of HS is important for protein ligand recognition. We have determined the crystal structures of Glce in apo-form (unliganded) and in complex with heparin hexasaccharide (product of Glce following O-sulfation), both in a stable dimer conformation. A Glce dimer contains two catalytic sites, each at a positively charged cleft in C-terminal alpha-helical domains binding one negatively charged hexasaccharide. Based on the structural and mutagenesis studies, three tyrosine residues, Tyr(468), Tyr(528), and Tyr(546), in the active site were found to be crucial for the enzymatic activity. The complex structure also reveals the mechanism of product inhibition (i.e. 2-O- and 6-O-sulfation of HS keeps the C5 carbon of L-iduronic acid away from the active-site tyrosine residues). Our structural and functional data advance understanding of the key modification in HS biosynthesis.
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12.
  • Wang, Fei, et al. (author)
  • Endothelial cell heterogeneity and microglia regulons revealed by a pig cell landscape at single-cell level
  • 2022
  • In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Pigs are valuable large animal models for biomedical and genetic research, but insights into the tissue- and cell-type-specific transcriptome and heterogeneity remain limited. By leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing, we generate a multiple-organ single-cell transcriptomic map containing over 200,000 pig cells from 20 tissues/organs. We comprehensively characterize the heterogeneity of cells in tissues and identify 234 cell clusters, representing 58 major cell types. In-depth integrative analysis of endothelial cells reveals a high degree of heterogeneity. We identify several functionally distinct endothelial cell phenotypes, including an endothelial to mesenchymal transition subtype in adipose tissues. Intercellular communication analysis predicts tissue- and cell type-specific crosstalk between endothelial cells and other cell types through the VEGF, PDGF, TGF-beta, and BMP pathways. Regulon analysis of single-cell transcriptome of microglia in pig and 12 other species further identifies MEF2C as an evolutionally conserved regulon in the microglia. Our work describes the landscape of single-cell transcriptomes within diverse pig organs and identifies the heterogeneity of endothelial cells and evolutionally conserved regulon in microglia.
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13.
  • Wang, Xue Jing, et al. (author)
  • Autonomic ganglionic injection of α-synuclein fibrils as a model of pure autonomic failure α-synucleinopathy
  • 2020
  • In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • α-Synucleinopathies are characterized by autonomic dysfunction and motor impairments. In the pure autonomic failure (PAF), α-synuclein (α-Syn) pathology is confined within the autonomic nervous system with no motor features, but mouse models recapitulating PAF without motor dysfunction are lacking. Here, we show that in TgM83+/− mice, inoculation of α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the stellate and celiac ganglia induces spreading of α-Syn pathology only through the autonomic pathway to both the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic innervation of peripheral organs bidirectionally. In parallel, the mice develop autonomic dysfunction, featured by orthostatic hypotension, constipation, hypohidrosis and hyposmia, without motor dysfunction. Thus, we have generated a mouse model of pure autonomic dysfunction caused by α-Syn pathology. This model may help define the mechanistic link between transmission of pathological α-Syn and the cardinal features of autonomic dysfunction in α-synucleinopathy.
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14.
  • Wang, Zhaoming, et al. (author)
  • Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
  • 2014
  • In: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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15.
  • Xia, Yi Han, et al. (author)
  • Multi-Functional Desaturases in Two Spodoptera Moths with ∆11 and ∆12 Desaturation Activities
  • 2019
  • In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 45:4, s. 378-387
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, uses (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate as the major component of its sex pheromone. Previous isotope-labeling experiments demonstrated an unusual ∆12 desaturase activity involved in the biosynthesis of this compound; however, the putative ∆12 desaturase gene has not been reported to date. In the present study, we confirmed this ∆12 desaturation pathway by in vivo labeling experiments, and characterized candidate desaturase genes in a yeast heterologous expression system. We demonstrated that a pheromone gland-specific desaturase, SexiDes5, uses palmitic acid and the subsequently chain-shortened product (Z)-9-tetradecenoic acid as substrates to produce (Z)-11-hexadecenoic and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienoic acids, respectively. In addition, the homologous desaturase SlitDes5 from the congeneric Spodoptera litura had analogous functions.
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16.
  • Zhang, Yu, et al. (author)
  • MvG-NRLMF : Multi-view graph neighborhood regularized logistic matrix factorization for identifying drug–target interaction
  • 2024
  • In: Future Generation Computer Systems. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0167-739X .- 1872-7115. ; 160, s. 844-853
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Traditional methods for predicting drug–target interactions (DTIs) have significant room for improvement in terms of time period and monetary overhead. At present, machine learning-based approaches are commonly used in the drug discovery field. In this study, a multi-view graph neighborhood regularized logical matrix factorization (MvG-NRLMF) model was proposed to predict unknown DTIs. Multiple similarity matrices (kernels) were constructed from the space of drugs and targets, the corresponding Laplacian matrices were generated, and these were fused. Finally, the MvG-NRLMF model was adjusted using an alternating gradient ascent procedure for training. On the four benchmark datasets, our method was competitive, and on some datasets, our method even outperformed existing models. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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17.
  • Niemi, MEK, et al. (author)
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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18.
  • Kanai, M, et al. (author)
  • 2023
  • swepub:Mat__t
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19.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Combination of CDF and D0 measurements of the W boson helicity in top quark decays
  • 2012
  • In: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 85:7, s. 071106-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report the combination of recent measurements of the helicity of the W boson from top quark decay by the CDF and D0 collaborations, based on data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 2.7-5.4 fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions collected during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Combining measurements that simultaneously determine the fractions of W bosons with longitudinal (f(0)) and right-handed (f(+)) helicities, we find f(0) = 0.722 +/- 0.081[+/- 0.062(stat) +/- 0.052(syst)] and f(+) = -0.033 +/- 0.046[+/- 0.034(stat) +/- 0.031(syst)]. Combining measurements where one of the helicity fractions is fixed to the value expected in the standard model, we find f(0) = 0.682 +/- 0.057[+/- 0.035(stat) +/- 0.046(syst)] for fixed f(+) and f(+) = -0.015 +/- 0.035[+/- 0.018(stat) +/- 0.030(syst)] for fixed f(0). The results are consistent with standard model expectations.
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20.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Combination of CDF and D0 W-Boson mass measurements
  • 2013
  • In: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 88:5, s. 052018-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We summarize and combine direct measurements of the mass of the W boson in root s = 1.96 TeV proton-antiproton collision data collected by CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Earlier measurements from CDF and D0 are combined with the two latest, more precise measurements: a CDF measurement in the electron and muon channels using data corresponding to 2.2 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, and a D0 measurement in the electron channel using data corresponding to 4.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. The resulting Tevatron average for the mass of the W boson is M-W = 80387 +/- 16 MeV. Including measurements obtained in electron-positron collisions at LEP yields the most precise value of M-W = 80385 +/- 15 MeV.
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21.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Combination of measurements of the top-quark pair production cross section from the Tevatron Collider
  • 2014
  • In: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 89:7
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We combine six measurements of the inclusive top-quark pair (t(sic)) production cross section (sigma(t)(sic)) from data collected with the CDF and D0 detectors at the Fermilab Tevatron with proton-antiproton collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of up to 8.8 fb(-1). We obtain a value of sigma tt = 7.60 +/- 0.41 pb for a top-quark mass of m(t) = 172.5 GeV. The contributions to the uncertainty are 0.20 pb from statistical sources, 0.29 pb from systematic sources, and 0.21 pb from the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The result is in good agreement with the standard model expectation of 7.35(-0.33)(+0.28) pb at next-to-next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to leading logarithms in perturbative QCD.
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22.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Combined Forward-Backward Asymmetry Measurements in Top-Antitop Quark Production at the Tevatron
  • 2018
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 120:4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron have measured the asymmetry between yields of forward- and backward-produced top and antitop quarks based on their rapidity difference and the asymmetry between their decay leptons. These measurements use the full data sets collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 1.96 TeV. We report the results of combinations of the inclusive asymmetries and their differential dependencies on relevant kinematic quantities. The combined inclusive asymmetry is A(FB)(t (t) over bar) = 0.128 +/- 0.025. The combined inclusive and differential asymmetries are consistent with recent standard model predictions.
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23.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Evidence for a Particle Produced in Association with Weak Bosons and Decaying to a Bottom-Antibottom Quark Pair in Higgs Boson Searches at the Tevatron
  • 2012
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 109:7, s. 071804-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We combine searches by the CDF and D0 Collaborations for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a W or Z boson and subsequent decay of the Higgs boson to a bottom-antibottom quark pair. The data, originating from Fermilab Tevatron p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV, correspond to integrated luminosities of up to 9.7 fb(-1). The searches are conducted for a Higgs boson with mass in the range 100-150 GeV/c(2). We observe an excess of events in the data compared with the background predictions, which is most significant in the mass range between 120 and 135 GeV/c(2). The largest local significance is 3.3 standard deviations, corresponding to a global significance of 3.1 standard deviations. We interpret this as evidence for the presence of a new particle consistent with the standard model Higgs boson, which is produced in association with a weak vector boson and decays to a bottom-antibottom quark pair.
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24.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Higgs boson studies at the Tevatron
  • 2013
  • In: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 88:5, s. 052014-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We combine searches by the CDF and D0 Collaborations for the standard model Higgs boson with mass in the range 90-200 GeV/c(2) produced in the gluon-gluon fusion, WH, ZH, t (t) over barH, and vector boson fusion processes, and decaying in the H -> b (b) over bar, H -> W+W-, H -> ZZ, H -> tau(+)tau(-), and H -> gamma gamma modes. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of up to 10 fb(-1) and were collected at the Fermilab Tevatron in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV. The searches are also interpreted in the context of fermiophobic and fourth generation models. We observe a significant excess of events in the mass range between 115 and 140 GeV/c(2). The local significance corresponds to 3.0 standard deviations at m(H) = 125 GeV/c(2), consistent with the mass of the Higgs boson observed at the LHC, and we expect a local significance of 1.9 standard deviations. We separately combine searches for H -> b (b) over bar, H -> W+W-, H -> tau(+)tau(-), and H -> gamma gamma. The observed signal strengths in all channels are consistent with the presence of a standard model Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV/c(2).
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25.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Observation of s-Channel Production of Single Top Quarks at the Tevatron
  • 2014
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 112:23
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report the first observation of single-top-quark production in the s channel through the combination of the CDF and D0 measurements of the cross section in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to total integrated luminosities of up to 9.7 fb(-1) per experiment. The measured cross section is sigma(s) = 1.29(-0.24)(+0.26) pb. The probability of observing a statistical fluctuation of the background to a cross section of the observed size or larger is 1.8 x 10(-10), corresponding to a significance of 6.3 standard deviations for the presence of an s-channel contribution to the production of single-top quarks.
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26.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Tevatron Combination of Single-Top-Quark Cross Sections and Determination of the Magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Element V-tb
  • 2015
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 115:15
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We present the final combination of CDF and D0 measurements of cross sections for single-top-quark production in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to total integrated luminosities of up to 9.7 fb(-1) per experiment. The t-channel cross section is measured to be sigma(t) = 2.25(-0.31)(+0.29) pb. We also present the combinations of the two-dimensional measurements of the s- vs t-channel cross section. In addition, we give the combination of the s + t channel cross section measurement resulting in sigma(s+t) = 3.30(-0.40)(+0.52) pb, without assuming the standard model value for the ratio sigma(s)/sigma(t). The resulting value of the magnitude of the top-to-bottom quark coupling is vertical bar V-tb vertical bar = 1.02(-0.05)(+0.06), corresponding to vertical bar V-tb vertical bar > 0.92 at the 95% C. L.
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27.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Tevatron Constraints on Models of the Higgs Boson with Exotic Spin and Parity Using Decays to Bottom-Antibottom Quark Pairs
  • 2015
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 114:15
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Combined constraints from the CDF and D0 Collaborations on models of the Higgs boson with exotic spin J and parity P are presented and compared with results obtained assuming the standard model value J(P) = 0(+). Both collaborations analyzed approximately 10 fb(-1) of proton-antiproton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected at the Fermilab Tevatron. Two models predicting exotic Higgs bosons with J(P) = 0(-) and J(P) = 2(+) are tested. The kinematic properties of exotic Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson differ from those predicted for the standard model Higgs boson. Upper limits at the 95% credibility level on the production rates of the exotic Higgs bosons, expressed as fractions of the standard model Higgs boson production rate, are set at 0.36 for both the J(P) = 0(-) hypothesis and the J(P) = 2(+) hypothesis. If the production rate times the branching ratio to a bottom-antibottom pair is the same as that predicted for the standard model Higgs boson, then the exotic bosons are excluded with significances of 5.0 standard deviations and 4.9 standard deviations for the J(P) = 0(-) and J(P) = 2(+) hypotheses, respectively.
  •  
28.
  • Aaltonen, T., et al. (author)
  • Tevatron Run II combination of the effective leptonic electroweak mixing angle
  • 2018
  • In: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 97:11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Drell-Yan lepton pairs produced in the process p (p) over bar -> l(+)l(-) + X through an intermediate gamma*/Z boson have an asymmetry in their angular distribution related to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak force and the associated mixing of its neutral gauge bosons. The CDF and D0 experiments have measured the effective-leptonic electroweak mixing parameter sin(2) theta(lept)(eff) using electron and muon pairs selected from the full Tevatron proton-antiproton data sets collected in 2001-2011, corresponding to 9-10 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. The combination of these measurements yields the most precise result from hadron colliders, sin(2)theta(lept)(eff) = 0.23148 +/- 0.00033. This result is consistent with, and approaches in precision, the best measurements from electron-positron colliders. The standard model inference of the on-shell electroweak mixing parameter sin(2) theta(W), or equivalently the W-boson mass M-W, using the ZFITTER software package yields sin(2) theta(W) = 0.22324 +/- 0.00033 or equivalently, M-W = 80.367 +/- 0.017 GeV/c(2).
  •  
29.
  • Aamodt, K., et al. (author)
  • Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmic-ray tracks
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 5
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 mu m in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10(5) charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off.
  •  
30.
  • Aamodt, K., et al. (author)
  • First proton-proton collisions at the LHC as observed with the ALICE detector: measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at root s=900 GeV
  • 2010
  • In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 65:1-2, s. 111-125
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • On 23rd November 2009, during the early commissioning of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), two counter-rotating proton bunches were circulated for the first time concurrently in the machine, at the LHC injection energy of 450 GeV per beam. Although the proton intensity was very low, with only one pilot bunch per beam, and no systematic attempt was made to optimize the collision optics, all LHC experiments reported a number of collision candidates. In the ALICE experiment, the collision region was centred very well in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and 284 events were recorded in coincidence with the two passing proton bunches. The events were immediately reconstructed and analyzed both online and offline. We have used these events to measure the pseudorapidity density of charged primary particles in the central region. In the range vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.5, we obtain dN(ch)/d eta = 3.10 +/- 0.13(stat.) +/- 0.22(syst.) for all inelastic interactions, and dN(ch)/d eta = 3.51 +/- 0.15(stat.) +/- 0.25(syst.) for nonsingle diffractive interactions. These results are consistent with previous measurements in proton-antiproton interactions at the same centre-of-mass energy at the CERN Sp<(p)over bar>S collider. They also illustrate the excellent functioning and rapid progress of the LHC accelerator, and of both the hardware and software of the ALICE experiment, in this early start-up phase.
  •  
31.
  • Ablikim, M., et al. (author)
  • Measurement of the integrated Luminosities of cross-section scan data samples around the psi(3770) mass region
  • 2018
  • In: Chinese Physics C. - : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 42:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To investigate the nature of the psi(3770) resonance and to measure the cross section for e(+)e(-) -> D (D) over bar, a cross-section scan data sample, distributed among 41 center-of-mass energy points from 3.73 to 3.89 GeV, was taken with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider in the year 2010. By analyzing the large angle Bhabha scattering events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample at each center-of-mass energy point. The total integrated luminosity of the data sample is 76.16 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.61 pb(-1), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
  •  
32.
  • An, Junghwa, et al. (author)
  • Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009-30 November 2009
  • 2010
  • In: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:2, s. 404-408
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.
  •  
33.
  • Bao, Minglei, et al. (author)
  • Modeling and evaluating nodal resilience of multi-energy systems under windstorms
  • 2020
  • In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 270
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • With the growing frequency and extent of extreme weather events, the resilient operation of multi-energy systems (MESs) has drawn attention nowadays. However, there is little study on the methodology with a set of key indicators to quantify the resilience of MESs with the consideration of the impacts of extreme weather. To address the problem, this paper proposes a framework to evaluate the time-dependent resilience of MESs considering energy interactions during extreme weather events, such as windstorms. Firstly, the multi-phase performance curve is utilized to describe the response behavior of MESs at different phases under the impacts of windstorms. Secondly, a service-based optimal energy flow model is developed to minimize the consequences caused by windstorms through the coordination among different energy subsystems. In order to model the chaotic failures and restoration of components, the Monte-Carlo simulation technique is applied. Furthermore, nodal resilience metrics for different energy carriers are proposed to quantify the resilience in MESs. Numerical studies demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique to quantify the resilience of MESs under windstorms. The results show that the resilience performance level of MESs can differ in different regions with the impacts of windstorms. The findings can provide a useful reference for system operators to constitute targeted resilience improvement measures.
  •  
34.
  • Cha, Cha, Seung-Tae, et al. (author)
  • Modeling and Control for Islanding Operation of Active Distribution Systems
  • 2012
  • In: Modeling and Control of Sustainable Power Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642229039 - 9783642229046 ; , s. 83-125
  • Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Along with the increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems, there are more resources for system operators to improve the operation and control of the whole system and enhance the reliability of electricity supply to customers. The distribution systems with DG are able to operate in islanding operation mode intentionally or unintentionally. In order to smooth the transition from grid connected operation to islanding operation for distribution systems with DG, a multi-agent based controller is proposed to utilize different resources in the distribution systems to stabilize the frequency. Different agents are defined to represent different resources in the distribution systems. A test platform with a real time digital simulator (RTDS), an OPen Connectivity (OPC) protocol server and the multi-agent based intelligent controller is established to test the proposed multi-agent based frequency controller. The modeling of different DG is discussed in details. Two distribution systems with DG are used to carry out case studies to illustrate the proposed multi-agent controller.
  •  
35.
  • Chen, Fangjun, et al. (author)
  • Comprehensive kinetic modeling and product distribution for pyrolysis of pulp and paper mill sludge
  • 2024
  • In: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 924
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Pyrolysis holds immense potential for clean treatment of pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS), enabling efficient energy and chemical recovery. However, current understanding of PPMS pyrolysis kinetics and product characteristics remains incomplete. This study conducted detailed modeling of pyrolysis kinetics for two typical PPMSs from a wastepaper pulp and paper mill, namely, deinking sludge (PPMS-DS) and sewage sludge (PPMS-SS), and analyzed comprehensively pyrolysis products. The results show that apparent activation energy of PPMS-DS (169.25–226.82 kJ/mol) and PPMS-SS (189.29–411.21 kJ/mol) pyrolysis undergoes significant change, with numerous parallel reactions present. A distributed activation energy model with dual logistic distributions proves to be suitable for modeling thermal decomposition kinetics of both PPMS-DS and PPMS-SS, with coefficient of determination >0.999 and relative root mean square error <1.99 %. High temperature promotes decomposition of solid organic materials in PPMS, and maximum tar yield for both PPMS-DS (53.90 wt%, daf) and PPMS-SS (56.48 wt%, daf) is achieved at around 500 °C. Higher levels of styrene (24.45 % for PPMS-DS and 14.71 % for PPMS-SS) and ethylbenzene (8.61 % for PPMS-DS and 8.33 % for PPMS-SS) are detected in tar and could be used as chemicals. This work shows great potential to propel development of PPMS pyrolysis technology, enabling green and sustainable production in pulp and paper industry.
  •  
36.
  • Chu, Audrey Y, et al. (author)
  • Multiethnic genome-wide meta-analysis of ectopic fat depots identifies loci associated with adipocyte development and differentiation
  • 2017
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:1, s. 125-130
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Variation in body fat distribution contributes to the metabolic sequelae of obesity. The genetic determinants of body fat distribution are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to gain new insights into the underlying genetics of body fat distribution by conducting sample-size-weighted fixed-effects genome-wide association meta-analyses in up to 9,594 women and 8,738 men of European, African, Hispanic and Chinese ancestry, with and without sex stratification, for six traits associated with ectopic fat (hereinafter referred to as ectopic-fat traits). In total, we identified seven new loci associated with ectopic-fat traits (ATXN1, UBE2E2, EBF1, RREB1, GSDMB, GRAMD3 and ENSA; P < 5 × 10(-8); false discovery rate < 1%). Functional analysis of these genes showed that loss of function of either Atxn1 or Ube2e2 in primary mouse adipose progenitor cells impaired adipocyte differentiation, suggesting physiological roles for ATXN1 and UBE2E2 in adipogenesis. Future studies are necessary to further explore the mechanisms by which these genes affect adipocyte biology and how their perturbations contribute to systemic metabolic disease.
  •  
37.
  • Conti, David, V, et al. (author)
  • Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
  • 2021
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
  •  
38.
  • Deng, Liying, et al. (author)
  • KCl acts as a flux to assist the growth of sub-millimeter-scale metallic 2D non-layered molybdenum dioxide
  • 2024
  • In: Rare Metals. - 1001-0521 .- 1867-7185. ; In Press
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Two-dimensional (2D) metal oxides (2DMOs), such as MoO2, have made impressive strides in recent years, and their applicability in a number of fields such as electronic devices, optoelectronic devices and lasers has been demonstrated. However, 2DMOs present challenges in their synthesis using conventional methods due to their non-van der Waals nature. We report that KCl acts as a flux to prepare large-area 2DMOs with sub-millimeter scale. We systematically investigate the effects of temperature, homogeneous time and cooling rate on the products in the flux method, demonstrating that in this reaction a saturated homogenous solution is obtained upon the melting of the salt and precursor. Afterward, the cooling rate was adjusted to regulate the thickness of the target crystals, leading to the precipitation of 2D non-layered material from the supersaturated solution; by applying this method, the highly crystalline non-layered 2D MoO2 flakes with so far the largest lateral size of up to sub-millimeter scale (~ 464 μm) were yielded. Electrical studies have revealed that the 2D MoO2 features metallic properties, with an excellent sheet resistance as low as 99 Ω·square−1 at room temperature, and exhibits a property of charge density wave in the measurement of resistivity as a function of temperature. Graphical abstract: TOC (Table of Content) (Figure presented.)
  •  
39.
  • Ding, C., et al. (author)
  • Study on fracture of the fibrous monolith cemented carbide
  • 2013
  • In: Advanced Materials Research. - 1662-8985 .- 1022-6680. ; 815, s. 43-47
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A fibrous monolith cemented carbide with WC-6%Co as cell and WC-20%Co as cell boundaries was produced through hot co-extrusion process in this paper. The density, hardness, transverse rupture strength (TRS) and fracture toughness (KIc) of the fibrous monolith cemented carbide were tested, and the fracture and crack propagation were observed by metalloscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. The result shows fibrous monolith structure design could effectively improve the TRS and the KIc of WC/Co cemented carbide without a significant decrease of hardness. It is the reason of high transverse rupture strength and fracture toughness that WC-20%Co can absorb more fracture energy in order to slow, prevent, or deflect crack propagation, proved by metalloscope and scanning electron microscope.
  •  
40.
  • Ding, Fei, et al. (author)
  • Broadband near-infrared metamaterial absorbers utilizing highly lossy metals
  • 2016
  • In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Radiation absorbers have increasingly been attracting attention as crucial components for controllable thermal emission, energy harvesting, modulators, etc. However, it is still challenging to realize thin absorbers which can operate over a wide spectrum range. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate thin, broadband, polarization-insensitive and omnidirectional absorbers working in the near-infrared range. We choose titanium (Ti) instead of the commonly used gold (Au) to construct nano-disk arrays on the top of a silicon dioxide (SiO2) coated Au substrate, with the quality (Q) factor of the localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance being decreased due to the intrinsic high loss of Ti. The combination of this low-Q LSP resonance and the propagating surface plasmon (PSP) excitation resonance, which occur at different wavelengths, is the fundamental origin of the broadband absorption. The measured (at normal light incidence) absorption is over 90% in the wavelength range from 900 nm to 1825 nm, with high absorption persisting up to the incident angle of similar to 40 degrees. The demonstrated thin-film absorber configuration is relatively easy to fabricate and can be realized with other properly selected materials.
  •  
41.
  • Ding, Fei, et al. (author)
  • Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber
  • 2012
  • In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 100:10, s. 103506-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A microwave ultra-broadband polarization-independent metamaterial absorber is demonstrated. It is composed of a periodic array of metal-dielectric multilayered quadrangular frustum pyramids. These pyramids possess resonant absorption modes at multi-frequencies, of which the overlapping leads to the total absorption of the incident wave over an ultra-wide spectral band. The experimental absorption at normal incidence is above 90% in the frequency range of 7.8-14.7 GHz, and the absorption is kept large when the incident angle is smaller than 60 degrees. The experimental results agree well with the numerical simulation.
  •  
42.
  • Ding, Fei, et al. (author)
  • Ultrabroadband strong light absorption based on thin multilayered metamaterials
  • 2014
  • In: Laser & Photonics reviews. - : Wiley. - 1863-8880 .- 1863-8899. ; 8:6, s. 946-953
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Light absorbers have drawn intensive attention as crucial components for solar-energy harvesting, thermal emission tailoring, modulators, etc. However, achievement of light absorbers with wide bandwidth remains a challenge thus far. Here, a thin, unprecedentedly ultrabroadband strong light absorber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which consists of periodic taper arrays constructed by an alumina-chrome multilayered metamaterial (MM) on a gold substrate. This MM can change from a hyperbolic material to an anisotropic dielectric material at different frequency ranges and the special material features are the fundamental origins of the ultrabroadband absorption. The absorber is quite insensitive to the incident angle, and can be insensitive to the polarization. One two-dimensional periodic array of 400-nm height MM tapers is fabricated. The measured absorption is over 90% over almost the entire solar spectrum, reaching an average level of 96%, and remains high (above 85%) even in the longer-wavelength range till 4 m. The proposed absorbers open up a new avenue to realize broadband thin light-harvesting structures.
  •  
43.
  • Ding, Huaiyi, et al. (author)
  • Maximizing Integrated Optical and Electrical Properties of a Single ZnO Nanowire through Native Interfacial Doping
  • 2014
  • In: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 26:19, s. 3035-3041
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A native interfacial doping layer introduced in core-shell type ZnO nanowires by a simple vapor phase re-growth procedure endows the produced nanowires with both excellent electrical and optical performances compared to conventional homogeneous ZnO nanowires. The unique Zn-rich interfacial structure in the core-shell nanowires plays a crucial role in the outstanding performances.
  •  
44.
  • Ding, Pengji, et al. (author)
  • Femtosecond laser-induced quantum-beat superfluorescence of atomic oxygen in a flame
  • 2021
  • In: Physical Review A. - 2469-9926. ; 104:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Among different approaches to generate mirrorless lasing, resonant multiphoton pumping of gas constituents by deep-UV laser pulses exhibits so far the highest efficiency and produces measurable lasing energies, but the underlying mechanism was not yet fully settled. Here, we report lasing generation from atomic oxygen in a methane-air flame via femtosecond two-photon excitation. Temporal profiles of the lasing pulses were measured for varying concentrations of atomic oxygen, which shows that the peak intensity and time delay of the lasing pulse approximately scales as N and 1/N, respectively, where N represents the concentration. These scaling laws match well with the prediction of oscillatory superfluorescence (SF), indicating that the lasing we observed is essentially SF rather than amplified spontaneous emission. In addition, the quantum-beating effect was also observed in the time-resolved lasing pulse. A theoretical simulation based on nonadiabatic Maxwell-Bloch equations well reproduces the experimental observations of the temporal dynamics of the lasing pulses. These results on fundamentals should be beneficial for the better design and applications of lasing-based techniques.
  •  
45.
  • Ding, Pengji, et al. (author)
  • Femtosecond two-photon-excited backward lasing of atomic hydrogen in a flame
  • 2018
  • In: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592. ; 43:5, s. 1183-1186
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on an observation of bi-directional 656 nm lasing action of atomic hydrogen in a premixed CH4∕air flame induced by resonant femtosecond 205 nm two-photon excitation. In particular, the backward-propagating lasing pulse is characterized in the spatial and temporal domains for the sake of a single-ended diagnostic. Its picosecond-scale duration and smooth temporal profile enable spatially resolved detection of hydrogen atoms in the millimeter range, which is successfully demonstrated using two narrow welding flames.
  •  
46.
  • Ding, Pengji, et al. (author)
  • Gain mechanism of femtosecond two-photon-excited lasing effect in atomic hydrogen
  • 2019
  • In: Optics Letters. - 1539-4794. ; 44:9, s. 2374-2377
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • By aiming to establish single-ended standoff combustion diagnostics, bidirectional lasing emissions of atomic hydrogen at 656 nm wavelength have been generated via two-photon resonant excitation by focusing 205 nm femtosecond laser pulses into a premixed CH4/O2 flame. The forward lasing strength is approximately one order of magnitude stronger than that of the backward one, due to the geometry of traveling wave excitation over a 2-mm-long pencil-shaped gain volume and the short gain lifetime of 3.5 ps. The gain coefficient of hydrogen lasing was determined to approximate 52/cm. As for the underlying physics of hydrogen lasing, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) occurs simultaneously with four-wave mixing (FWM), and ASE dominates in the forward direction, whereas the backward lasing is virtually only ASE.
  •  
47.
  • Ding, Pengji, et al. (author)
  • Nonadiabaticity of cavity-free neutral nitrogen lasing
  • 2017
  • In: Physical Review A. - 2469-9926. ; 96:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on a theoretical study of cavity-free lasing of neutral nitrogen molecules in femtosecond laser filaments with a nonadiabatic Maxwell-Bloch model, compared with recent pump-seed experiments. The nonadiabaticity of the lasing process is revealed and it is found that electron-neutral collisions dominate the dipole dephasing rate. Moreover, we show that the asymmetry between forward and backward lasing not only depends on the different amplification lengths but also on the temporal dynamics of electron-neutral collisions. The comparison of the nonadiabatic model with simulations based on the adiabatic approximation (such as radiative transfer equations) explicitly sets a bound on the validity of the latter model for cavity-free nitrogen lasing phenomenon, which holds a unique potential in optical remote sensing applications.
  •  
48.
  • Ding, Pengji, et al. (author)
  • Picosecond backward-propagating lasing of atomic hydrogen via femtosecond 2-photon-excitation in a flame
  • 2018
  • In: CLEO : QELS_Fundamental Science, CLEO_QELS 2018 - QELS_Fundamental Science, CLEO_QELS 2018. - 9781557528209 ; Part F93-CLEO_QELS 2018
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on the observation of backward-propagating 656-nm lasing of atomic hydrogen in flame using 205-nm femtosecond laser pulses. It shows a donut-shaped spatial mode and smooth temporal profile, suggesting spatially-resolved measurements in few-millimeters resolution.
  •  
49.
  • Ding, Xue Bing, et al. (author)
  • Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
  • 2021
  • In: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:3, s. 411-418
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Animal studies implicate meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is no direct evidence in humans to support this role1–5. In this study, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess meningeal lymphatic flow in cognitively normal controls and patients with idiopathic PD (iPD) or atypical Parkinsonian (AP) disorders. We found that patients with iPD exhibited significantly reduced flow through the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) along the superior sagittal sinus and sigmoid sinus, as well as a notable delay in deep cervical lymph node perfusion, compared to patients with AP. There was no significant difference in the size (cross-sectional area) of mLVs in patients with iPD or AP versus controls. In mice injected with α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils, we showed that the emergence of α-syn pathology was followed by delayed meningeal lymphatic drainage, loss of tight junctions among meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells and increased inflammation of the meninges. Finally, blocking flow through the mLVs in mice treated with α-syn preformed fibrils increased α-syn pathology and exacerbated motor and memory deficits. These results suggest that meningeal lymphatic drainage dysfunction aggravates α-syn pathology and contributes to the progression of PD.
  •  
50.
  • Ding, Yi, 1992, et al. (author)
  • Construct Validity and Measurement Invariance of Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Self-Concept in Swedish PISA 2003 and 2012
  • 2021
  • In: World Education Research Association (WERA) Virtual Focal Meeting. - Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • A large amount of research has shown that individuals’ beliefs in their ability have a major impact on their actions in different situations (Bandura, 1986; Marsh et al., 2018; Usher & Pajares, 2006). According to Bandura (1986), students’ self-related beliefs plays a vital role in their academic achievements. Self-belief of competence is a broad conception which involves several facets and constructs, among which, self-efficacy and self-concept have been given considerable attention (Bong & Skaalvik, 2003; Lee, 2009; Marsh, 1987; Shavelson et al., 1976). According to Bong and Skaalvik (2003), both self-efficacy and self-concept can contribute to the prediction of academic performance. Students with different self-beliefs demonstrate different level of cognitive engagement as well as well-being in school (Bong & Skaalvik, 2003). Self-efficacy refers to one’s thoughts and belief in the self’s capability, which is built through previous experiences. According to Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory, self-efficacy captures the one’s belief in his or her competence on a specific task or process. Mathematics self-efficacy (MSE) in Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a measure of student’s expectation and conviction of what can be accomplished when they need to solve pure and applied mathematics tasks. The students are asked to report on their perceived ability by responses whether they feel confident, confident, not very confident or not at all confident towards "using a train timetable", "calculating TV discount", "calculating square metres of tiles" etc (OECD, 2012). Self-concept is generally defined as one’s perception of his- or herself, which is established through experiences as well as interpretations of social atmosphere and with reference with their peers (Rosenberg, 1979; Marsh, 1987; Parker et al., 2014). It refers to general perception of the competence to a subject matter but not linked to specific tasks in that subject. Mathematics self-concept (MSC) in PISA is constructed index based on students’ responses about their perceived competence in mathematics, whether they strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the statements towards "get good grades", "learn quickly", "not good at math", etc (OECD, 2012). The aim of the study is two-fold. First, to evaluate construct validity of mathematics self-efficacy and self-concept as measured in PISA through exploring the measurement property of these constructs. Second, to examine measurement invariance of mathematics self-efficacy and self-concept scales over time. Data on Swedish students participating in PISA 2003 and PISA 2012 was used, which consists of 4624 and 4736 students respectively.
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Fox, H. (12)
Abbott, B. (10)
Amidei, D. (10)
Annovi, A. (10)
Antos, J. (10)
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Auerbach, B. (10)
Bartos, P. (10)
Bocci, A. (10)
Boudreau, J. (10)
Boveia, A. (10)
Brandt, A. (10)
Brandt, O. (10)
Brock, R. (10)
Bromberg, C. (10)
Burdin, S. (10)
Bussey, P. (10)
Buzatu, A. (10)
Camarda, S. (10)
Campanelli, M. (10)
Catastini, P. (10)
Caughron, S. (10)
Cavaliere, V. (10)
Cerri, A. (10)
Cerrito, L. (10)
D'Onofrio, M. (10)
Deliot, F. (10)
Denisov, S. P. (10)
Deterre, C. (10)
Donati, S. (10)
Enari, Y. (10)
Errede, S. (10)
Evans, H. (10)
Fiedler, F. (10)
Filthaut, F. (10)
Franklin, M. (10)
Giagu, S. (10)
Giokaris, N. (10)
Gorelov, I. (10)
Goshaw, A. T. (10)
Guillemin, T. (10)
Gutierrez, P. (10)
Han, L. (10)
Hara, K. (10)
Hensel, C. (10)
Hohlfeld, M. (10)
Hou, S. (10)
Hubacek, Z. (10)
Huston, J. (10)
Ilchenko, Y. (10)
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University
Uppsala University (32)
Lund University (31)
Royal Institute of Technology (18)
Karolinska Institutet (17)
Chalmers University of Technology (16)
Linköping University (14)
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Umeå University (13)
University of Gothenburg (12)
Stockholm University (12)
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (8)
Högskolan Dalarna (4)
Halmstad University (3)
Mälardalen University (3)
Luleå University of Technology (1)
Örebro University (1)
Mid Sweden University (1)
Södertörn University (1)
RISE (1)
Karlstad University (1)
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Language
English (121)
Research subject (UKÄ/SCB)
Natural sciences (62)
Medical and Health Sciences (34)
Engineering and Technology (15)
Social Sciences (8)
Agricultural Sciences (4)

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