| 1. |
- Svensson, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Modeling museum context in CIDOC CRM using relational databases
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of CIDOC06, International Committee for Documentation of the International Council of Museums, Gothenburgh, Sweden..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The museums are a rich source of knowledge about our cultural heritage. Unfortunately, the present standards for storing information in databases are not suited for the purpose of knowledge representation. In the article we argue why ontology is needed for modelling the knowledge. The ontology CIDOC CRM is a conceptual model to describe cultural heritage knowledge and it can also be utilized for structuring a corresponding database. This article discusses a design of a relational database capturing the class hierarchy of CIDOC CRM. The proposed design seems promising regarding querying efficiency.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Informell coachning på nätet
- 2011. - 1
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In: Mer om nätbaserad utbildnig. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144068060 ; , s. 113-126
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Informell coachning på nätet
- 2011. - 1
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In: Mer om nätbabaserad utbildning. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144068060 ; , s. 113-126
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I detta kapitel beskriver vi hur instant messaging (IM) kan användas för informell coachning. Kapitlet beskriver resultat från två projekt där äldre studenter på kvällstid "coachar" yngre elever, vilket vi benämner "informell coachning". Vi börjar med att beskriva IM och hur det kan användas i utbildningssammanhang. Därefter beskriver vi hur informell coachning går till, pedagogiska utmaningar, hur coachning kan organiseras och vilka verktyg som kan användas. Avslutningsvis reflekterar vi över hur coachning kan bidra till lärande.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Knowledge Management - kunskapsbeskrivning och representation
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med projektet är att undersöka kunskapshantering inom museer för att få en klarare och mer strukturerad bild av det arbete som görs kring föremålen på ett museum. Vårt arbete grundar sig på material från ett antal intervjuer med anställda vid Museum Gustavianum i Uppsala samt skriftliga arbetsbeskrivningar som ligger till stöd för de anställda där. Vi har inte för avsikt att analysera den organisatoriska aspekten av museiarbetet.För att uppnå syftet har vi valt att utgå från tanken att arbetet med föremålen kan beskrivas som ett antal händelser som kretsar kring föremålet i olika situationer. Dessa händelser kan sedan relateras till varandra och på så sätt beskriva ett flöde som hänger logiskt samman för att nå ett givet mål.Genom denna ansats kan vi beskriva olika situationer som en logisk händelsekedja som låter sig analyseras för vidare arbete. Vi har för avsikt att utifrån detta material göra en skriftlig beskrivning, samt beskriva dessa händelsekedjor grafisk i form av ”flöden” för att slutligen ge exempel på modelleringar enligt CIDOC CRM. CIDOC CRM är en ontologisk referensmodell för att modellera kulturarvs-information.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of heat on interspecific competition in saprotrophic wood fungi
- 2014
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In: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 11, s. 100-106
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Some boreal wood fungi that are associated with forest fire or open dry habitats have an increased resistance to heat in comparison to species associated with a less specific distribution or species found in mesic forests. We hypothesize that extreme temperature-stress experienced during fires will favor species adapted to heat and, ultimately, the composition of species inhabiting logs in such habitats will change. Competitiveness after temperature stress was examined in three fire-associated species – Dichomitus squalens, Gloeophyllum sepiarium and Phlebiopsis gigantea – and three non fire-associated species – Ischnoderma benzoinum, Phellinus pini and Fomitopsis pinicola. There was a difference between the fire-associated species and the non fire-associated species with respect to competitive strength after heat stress. All fire-associated species had an advantage after heat treatment, colonizing a larger volume of wood than any non-fire-associated competitor. Our findings suggest that increased heat tolerance of mycelia can exert a competitive balance shift after forest fire. It shows that a system governed by forest fire will be dominance controlled under certain conditions. Furthermore, from a management perspective, during a prescribed burning, certain species already present in the ecosystem will be favored if the fire is not allowed to totally consume the substrates.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Increased CO2 evolution caused by heat treatment in wood-decaying fungi
- 2017
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In: Mycological progress. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1617-416X .- 1861-8952. ; 16:5, s. 513-519
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wood-decaying fungi are regarded as the main decomposers of woody debris in boreal forests. Given that fungal respiration makes a significant contribution to terrestrial carbon flows, it is important to understand how the wood-decaying fungal metabolism is regulated in relation to different environmental conditions and disturbances. In the present study, we investigated the effect of temperature stress on wood decomposition rate in 18 species of wood-decaying fungi, representing a broad range of species-habitat associations. Heat shock duration and temperature were calibrated to match the conditions of a forest fire. We found a general increase in fungal decay rate after heat shock; the response was more pronounced in species associated with fire-prone forests. The underlying mechanism is unclear, but possibly relates to an up-regulation at the cellular level in response to heat shock. Our results show that the decomposition rate of dead wood can be strongly affected by environmental triggers.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Increased decomposition, triggered by heat shock found in wood fungi
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Wood fungi can be extremely heat resilient: several studies have shown that species can survive highly elevated temperatures relative to their growth optima. In this study we examine the effect of heat shock on subsequent decomposition rates. Sixteen species of wood fungi were tested over a period of 17 weeks. All strains were inoculated on to sterilized pine wood cylinders, placed in small bio chambers and tested twiice a week for CO2 accumulation. After 8 weeks all species were subjected to heat shock. We found that this triggered an increased decomposition rate in all species, this increase peaked 6 weeks after the shock. the peak was higher in wood fungi species that are associated with forest fires compared to specoes with no such association.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Increased heat resistance in mycelia from wood fungi prevalent in forests characterized by fire : a possible adaptation to forest fire.
- 2012
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In: Fungal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-6146 .- 1878-6162. ; 116:10, s. 1025-1031
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AbstractForest fire has for a long time been the major stand replacing/modifying disturbance in boreal forests. For organisms to adopt to this phenomenon different strategies for protective measurements has evolved. This study focuses on the organism group of wood fungi, and one of several possibilities for adaptation to forest fire - increased heat resistance in the mycelia. 16 species of wood fungi where selected and sorted a priori according to their prevalence for fire affected substrate. These were isolated and re-inoculated on pine wood before testing. Experiments where done in a series where the mycelia was exposed to 100, 140, 180, 220°C for 5, 10, 15, 20, 15 min. A very clear difference was found, the group containing species with a prevalence for a fire affected substrate had a much higher survival rate over all combinations of time and temperature compared to species with a more general ecology. This data suggests that increased heat resistance in mycelia could be a possible adaptation to forest fire. This in turn has major impacts on the ecology and population dynamics of wood fungi. An increase in temperature could shift the population structure in a log, allowing minor non fruiting mycelia content to expand on the expense of earlier dominant colonizers. Furthermore this study has implications on how to control prescribed restoration burning events. When burning areas where the dead wood content is dominated by early decay stages, loss of species can be avoided by proper management.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Testing the probability of finding major decomposing basidiomycetes in logs with T-RFLP - implications for field sampling
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this article we examine the limitations and potential of T-RFLP for the accurate detection of fungal species in dead wood. We collected cross-sections of decayed logs to evaluate the number of fungal species domains that are likely to be hit when drilling a sawdust sample from a log. We used these estimates to simulate the number of species that would be found using a certain number of samples. We found that in 99% of the simulations, 4 or fewer species would be contained in a sample. Based on these results we tested the probability of detecting two species of wood-decaying basidiomycetes at three different DNA concentration ratios: 1:1, 1:5 and 1:20. An additional experiment was done with 3-5 species. It was possible to detect all species at ratios higher than 1:20 but lower than 1:5; in this range all peaks were easily detected. We were able to detect all species in the mixtures of 3-5 species, with extracts from both pure cultures and wood.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-
(author)
-
Wood Fungi and Forest Fire
- 2014
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Forest fires have been the major stand-replacing/modifying disturbance in boreal forests. To adapt to fire disturbance, different strategies have evolved. This thesis focuses on wood fungi, and the effect of forest fire on this organism group. In many ways it is a study on adaptation to forest fire, in concurrence with adaptation to dry open habitats. In Paper I we study increased heat resistance in mycelia from species prevalent in fire prone environments. Fungi were cultivated on fresh wood and exposed to different temperatures. Species prevalent in fire affected habitats had a much higher survival rate over all combinations of time and temperature compared to species associated with other environments. Based on this results the competitiveness was tested after temperature stress (paper II), three fire associated species, were tested against three non fire associated species. All fire associated species had a clear advantage after heat treatment, conquering a larger volume of wood than its competitor. In paper III we studied the effect of heat shock on decomposition rate, 18 species was tested. Species were cultivated and monitored for CO2 accumulation for 8 weeks and then heat shocked. All species including non fire associated species seemed to up-regulate decomposition after heat shock, this response was more pronounced in fire associated species. To look at the possible effect of forest fire on population structure (Paper IV), we developed 29 SNP/INDELs for Phlebiopsis. gigantea. We amplified the marker containing fragments in 132 individuals of P. gigantea in 6 populations, 3 which were found in areas affected by forest fire and 3 in unaffected areas. We found no genetic structure in accordance to forest fire. However we detected geographic structure, which stands in contrast to earlier studies. This might be due to the method, using SNP´s and number of individuals in the study. Finally we collected cross-sections of decayed logs to evaluate the number of fungal species domains that are likely to be hit when drilling a saw-dust sample in a log. We used these estimates to simulate how many species that will be found by a certain number of samples. We found that in 99% of the
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| 11. |
- Edman, Anneli, et al.
(author)
-
Museum context in a pedagogical environment
- 2006
-
In: Proceedings of CIDOC06, International Committee for Documentation of the International Council of Museums, Gothenburgh, Sweden..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a growing interest from museums to present their material in public, more than the small subsets on web pages which are common now. Unfortunately the museums’ databases, at least in Sweden, are designed for internal use and cannot be utilized by people outside the museums. This is especially true if the databases should support learning, e.g. in schools. In a pedagogical environment the whole museum context must be reproduced. Our opinion is that a museum context suitable for pedagogical purposes comprises: (1) domain context describing the museum objects and the context in which these belong, (2) user context comprising e.g. the current user’s knowledge about the domain and learning style, (3) pedagogical context reflecting museum didactics and a constructivistic view on learning. In the modeling of the domain context we utilize the CIDOC CRM ontology and for the other two contexts heuristic rules.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Edman, Fredrik
(author)
-
Digital Hardware Aspects of Multiantenna Algorithms
- 2006
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The field of wireless communication is growing rapidly, with new requirements for the next generation of mobile and wireless communications technology. In order to achieve the capacities needed for future wireless systems, the design and implementation of advanced communications techniques such as multiantenna systems is required. These systems are realized by computationally complex algorithms, requiring new digital hardware architectures to be developed. The development of efficient and scalable hardware building blocks for realization of multiantenna algorithms is the focus of this thesis. The first part of the thesis deals with the implementation of complex valued division. Two architectures implementing a numerically robust algorithm for computing complex valued division with standard arithmetic units are presented. The first architecture is based on a parallel computation scheme offering high throughput rate and low latency, while the second architecture is based on a resource conservative time-multiplexed computation scheme offering good throughput rate. The two implementations are compared to an implementation of a CORDIC based complex valued division. The second part of the thesis discusses implementation aspects of fundamental matrix operations found in many multiantenna algorithms. Four matrix operations were implemented; triangular matrix inversion, QR-decomposition, matrix inversion, and singular value decomposition. Matrix operations are usually implemented using large arrays of processors, which are difficult to scale and consume a lot of resources. In this thesis a method based on the data flow was applied to map the algorithms to scalable linear arrays. An even more resource conservative design based on a single processing element was also derived. All the architectures are capable of handling complex valued data necessary for the implementation of communication algorithms. In the third part of the thesis, developed building blocks are used to implement the Capon beamformer algorithm. Two architectures are presented; the first architecture is based on a linear data flow, while the second architecture utilizes the single processing element architecture. The Capon beamformer implementation is going to be used in a channel sounder to determine the direction-of-arrival of impinging signals. Therefore it was important to derive and implement flexible and scalable architectures to be able to adapt to different measuring scenarios. The linear flow architecture was implemented and tested with measured data from the channel sounder. By analyzing each block in the design, a minimum wordlength design could be derived. The fourth part of the thesis presents a design methodology for hardware implementation on FPGA.
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| 15. |
- Edman, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Fixed-point implementation of a robust complex valued divider architecture
- 2005
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In: [Host publication title missing]. - 0780390660 ; , s. 143-146
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper a fixed-point implementation of robust complex valued divider architecture is presented. The architecture uses feedback loops and time multiplexing strategies resulting in a fast and area conservative architecture. The architecture has good numerical properties and the result is accurate to less than one ulp. A combination of low latency and high throughput rate makes the architecture ideal for modern high speed signal processing applications. The complex valued divider architecture was implemented and tested on a Xilinx Virtex-II FPGA, clocked at 100MHz, and can easily be ported to an ASIC. The FPGA implementation is used as a core component in a matrix inversion implementation
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Edman, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Implementation of a Highly Scalable Architecture for Fast Inversion of Triangular Matrices
- 2003
-
In: ; , s. 1137-1140
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, an F'F'GA implementation of a novel and highly scalable hardware architecture for fast inversion of triangular matrices is presented. An integral part of modem signal processing and communications applications involves manipulation of large matrices. Therefore, scalable and flexible hardware architectures are increasingly sought for. In this paper, the traditional triangular shaped array architecture with n(n+1)/2 communicating processors, with n being the number of inputs, is mapped to a linear structure with only n processors, The linear and the triangular shaped architectures are compared in aspect of area consumption, latencies, and maximum clocking speed. This paper also show that the linear array structure avoids drawhacks such as non-scalability, large area, and large power consumption. The implementation is based on a numerically stahle recurrence algorithm, which has excellent properties for hardware implementation.
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| 18. |
- Edman, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Implementation of a Scalable Matrix Inversion Architecture for Triangular Matrices
- 2003
-
In: [Host publication title missing]. ; 3, s. 2558-2562
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an FPGA implementation of a novel snd Ihighl! scalable hardware architecture for inversion of triangiiliir matrices. An integral part of modern signal processing and communications applications involves manipulation of large matrices. Therefore, scalable and flexible hardware architectures are increasingly sought for. In this paper the traditional triangular shaped array architecture with n(n+l)/Z, where n being the number of inputs, communicating processors are mapped to a linear structure with only n processors. We show that the linear array structure avoids drawbacks such as nonscalability, large area and large power consumption. The implementation is based on a numerical stable recurrence algorithm which has excellent properties for hardware implementation. The implementation is the core processor in a smart antenna system.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Edman, Mattias, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Warming effects on wood decomposition depend on fungal assembly history
- 2021
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In: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 109:4, s. 1919-1930
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1. Climate warming has the potential to drive changes in fungal community development and dead wood decomposition, but our understanding of this process is obscured by complex interactions between temperature and multiple other factors. A pivotal factor driving decay dynamics is fungal assembly history, yet its response to elevated temperature is poorly understood. 2. We investigated the combined effect of warming and assembly history on community composition, respiration and decomposition using experimental communities of wood‐decaying fungi on spruce wood. Assembly histories were assigned to microcosms under normal and elevated temperatures in a factorial design. 3. Both temperature and assembly history influenced wood mass loss and respiration. Temperature was the most important factor, but the effects of warming on decomposition varied greatly with fungal assembly history. Depending on which fungal species colonized first, warming of 5°C increased wood mass loss by 7‐57% after nine months. The large variation in decomposition response to warming resulted from differential responses in the growth of initial colonizers (pre‐inoculated) and their competitive ability, resulting in different decomposer communities. 4. Synthesis: Our study demonstrates that temperature and assembly history jointly determine deadwood decomposition and fungal community composition under controlled laboratory conditions. Further investigations are needed to confirm these results under natural conditions. Nevertheless, our findings highlight the importance of considering interactions between priority effects and climate factors to understand forest carbon feedbacks in the context of climate change.
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| 21. |
- Edman, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
Extended Förster theory of donor-donor energy migration in bifluorophoric macromolecules. Part II : Method for determining intramolecular distances with experimental validation using mono and bifluorophoric systems
- 2000
-
In: Physical chemistry chemical physics. ; 2:12, s. 2795-2801
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently an approximate theory was presented and applied for determining intramolecular distances in proteins. The rate of donor-donor energy migration (DDEM) is extracted and analysed from fluorescence depolarisation experiments by means of the DDEM model (Karolin et al., Biophys. J., 1998, 74, 11; Bergström et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1999, 96, 12477). Previously an extended Förster theory (EFT) was derived (Johansson et al., J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 10896), which accounts for DDEM between reorienting molecules. For the first time, this rigorous theory is applied for analysing time-resolved fluorescence depolarisation data, accumulated by using the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique. A simulation-deconvolution algorithm is presented which reduces the need of the DDEM model (Edman et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2000, 2, 1789), and other approximate theories (Edman et al., Mol. Phys., submitted). Two bifluorophoric systems were studied, namely; 1,32-dihydroxy-dotriacontane-bis(rhodamine) 101 ester solubilised in lipid vesicles, and bis(9-anthrylmethyl-phosphonate) bisteroid dissolved in propane-1,2-diol. The bis-rhodamine molecules span across lipid bilayers, so that the two rhodamine moieties of the molecule are localised on opposite sides of a bilayer. From the analyses of the fluorescence anisotropy, the donor-donor distances were determined to be 36.5 ± 1 and 21.0 ± 1.5 Å, for the membrane spanning molecule and the bisteroid, respectively. The results are in good agreement with independent studies.
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| 22. |
- Edman, Viktor, et al.
(author)
-
Pedestrian Group Tracking Using the GM-PHD Filter
- 2013
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In: Proceedings of the 21st European Signal Processing Conference.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A GM-PHD filter is used for pedestrian tracking in a crowdsurveillance application. The purpose is to keep track of thedifferent groups over time as well as to represent the shape ofthe groups and the number of people within the groups. In-put data to the GM-PHD filter are detections using a state ofthe art algorithm applied to video frames from the PETS 2012benchmark data. In a first step, the detections in the framesare converted from image coordinates to world coordinates.This implies that groups can be defined in physical units interms of distance in meters and speed differences in metersper second. The GM-PHD filter is a Bayesian framework thatdoes not form tracks of individuals. Its output is well suitedfor clustering of individuals into groups. The results demon-strate that the GM-PHD filter has the capability of estimatingthe correct number of groups with an accurate representationof their sizes and shapes.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Fu, Siyuan, et al.
(author)
-
Generalized lock-in amplifier for precision measurement of high frequency signals
- 2013
-
In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7623 .- 0034-6748. ; 84:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We herein formulate the concept of a generalized lock-in amplifier for the precision measurement of high frequency signals based on digital cavities. Accurate measurement of signals higher than 200 MHz using the generalized lock-in is demonstrated. The technique is compared with a traditional lock-in and its advantages and limitations are discussed. We also briefly point out how the generalized lock-in can be used for precision measurement of giga-hertz signals by using parallel processing of the digitized signals.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Gisselman, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
Ekosystemtjänstförteckning med inventering av dataunderlag : för kartläggning av ekosystemtjänster och grön infrastruktur
- 2017
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- EKOSYSTEMTJÄNSTER ÄR IDAG ett relativt välkänt och etablerat begrepp. Som en följdav att fler aktörer i samhället nu arbetar med ekosystemtjänster har behovet av strukturerade klassificeringar, enhetliga namn och redogörelser av tillgängliga datakällor ökat. Därmed har behov uppstått av en enhetlig och lättillgänglig svensk förteckning.Rapporten har tre primära syften: i) att presentera en svensk förteckning över ekosystemtjänster med enhetliga och lättillgängliga namn, ii) att skapa en överblick över tillgängliga dataunderlag för varje ekosystemtjänst med syfte att förenkla och effektivisera kartläggningar, kvantifieringar och värderingar av ekosystemtjänster på lokal, regional och nationell nivå, samt iii) att identifiera brister avseende datatillgång för ekosystemtjänster.Intentionen med den svenska ekosystemtjänstförteckningen som presenteras i denna rapport är att skapa en bruttolista över ekosystemtjänster som är relevanta för Sverige, och koppla dessa till tillgängliga datakällor avseende tillgång på ekosystemtjänster. Förteckningen ska fungera som underlag vid identifiering, kartläggning, uppföljning och värdering av ekosystemtjänster. Den svenska förteckningen utgår från Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES), men har ett bredare syfte, därför har strukturen i vissa delar anpassats. Den svenska förteckningen innefattar också ett tillägg med kategorin stödjande ekosystemtjänster eftersom den ofta används.Rapporten inleds med en översiktlig genomgång av olika ekosystemtjänstklassificeringar. Detta följs sedan av en beskrivning av hur förslaget till nationell förteckning tagits fram, en diskussion kring skillnader på tillgång och efterfrågan samt en indelning utifrån geografiska aspekter. Därefter presenteras den uppdaterade svenska ekosystemtjänstförteckningen.Rapporten innehåller också en inventering av datakällor som kan användas för respektive ekosystemtjänst utifrån den föreslagna klassificeringen (digital bilaga). Slutligen redovisar vi, utifrån den föreslagen förteckning och tillgängliga dataunderlag, var det är mest angeläget att förbättra tillgången på underlagsdata.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Jeevaraj, Arun, et al.
(author)
-
FPGA based hybrid computing platform for ESS linac simulator
- 2018
-
In: 2018 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference, NORCAS 2018 : NORCHIP and International Symposium of System-on-Chip, SoC 2018 - Proceedings - NORCHIP and International Symposium of System-on-Chip, SoC 2018 - Proceedings. - 9781538676561
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a scalable and high-Throughput hybrid computing platform for the real-Time multi-particle based Linac (Linear accelerator) simulation model to be used at the European Spallation Source (ESS). The multi-particle simulation model with non-linear modeling is needed to provide a realistic behavior of the particle beam for reducing the losses at the superconducting structures. The computation complexity of the simulations can reach 1012 matrix multiplication operations for a test case of 106 beam particles simulated over 106 cells. An OpenCL (Open Computing Language) based framework is used to map the processing intensive parts of the simulation model efficiently to any configuration of a CPU-, GPU-and FPGA-based platform. Optimizations using data precision strategies have also been explored to further improve the throughput after reaching memory access saturation. We are able to achieve up to 89 × speed up compared to a C++ benchmark of the same system.
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| 29. |
- Jin, Aohan, et al.
(author)
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High precision measurements using high frequency gigahertz signals
- 2014
-
In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7623 .- 0034-6748. ; 85:12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Generalized lock-in amplifiers use digital cavities with Q-factors as high as 5 × 108 to measure signals with very high precision. In this Note, we show that generalized lock-in amplifiers can be used to analyze microwave (giga-hertz) signals with a precision of few tens of hertz. We propose that the physical changes in the medium of propagation can be measured precisely by the ultra-high precision measurement of the signal. We provide evidence to our proposition by verifying the Newton's law of cooling by measuring the effect of change in temperature on the phase and amplitude of the signals propagating through two calibrated cables. The technique could be used to precisely measure different physical properties of the propagation medium, for example, the change in length, resistance, etc. Real time implementation of the technique can open up new methodologies of in situ virtual metrology in material design.
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| 30. |
- Olsson, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Direct measurement of fast transients by using boot-strapped waveform averaging
- 2018
-
In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7623 .- 0034-6748. ; 89:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An approximation to coherent sampling, also known as boot-strapped waveform averaging, is presented. The method uses digital cavities to determine the condition for coherent sampling. It can be used to increase the effective sampling rate of a repetitive signal and the signal to noise ratio simultaneously. The method is demonstrated by using it to directly measure the fluorescence lifetime from Rhodamine 6G by digitizing the signal from a fast avalanche photodiode. The obtained lifetime of 4.0 ns is in agreement with the known values.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Undin, Malin, et al.
(author)
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To what extent does surrounding landscape explain stand-level occurrence of conservation-relevant species in fragmented boreal and hemi-boreal forest?–a systematic review protocol
- 2022
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In: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 11:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Silviculture and land-use change has reduced the amount of natural forest worldwide and left what remains confined to isolated fragments or stands. To understand processes governing species occurrence in such stands, much attention has been given to stand-level factors such as size, structure, and deadwood amount. However, the surrounding matrix will directly impact species dispersal and persistence, and the link between the surrounding landscape configuration, composition and history, and stand-level species occurrence has received insufficient attention. Thus, to facilitate optimisation of forest management and species conservation, we propose a review addressing ‘To what extent does surrounding landscape explain stand-level occurrence of conservation-relevant species in fragmented boreal and hemi-boreal forest?’. Methods: The proposed systematic review will identify and synthesise relevant articles following the CEE guidelines for evidence synthesis and the ROSES standards. A search for peer-reviewed and grey literature will be conducted using four databases, two online search engines, and 36 specialist websites. Identified articles will be screened for eligibility in a two-step process; first on title and abstract, and second on the full text. Screening will be based on predefined eligibility criteria related to a PECO-model; population being boreal and hemi-boreal forest, exposure being fragmentation, comparator being landscapes with alternative composition, configuration, or history, and outcome being occurrence (i.e., presence and/or abundance) of conservation-relevant species. All articles that pass the full-text screening will go through study validity assessment and data extraction, and be part of a narrative review. If enough studies prove comparable, quantitative meta-analyses will also be performed. The objective of the narrative review and the meta-analyses will be to address the primary question as well as six secondary questions, and to identify important knowledge gaps.
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| 34. |
- Williams, Helén, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Decisions on Recycling or Waste : How Packaging Functions Affect the Fate of Used Packaging in Selected Swedish Households
- 2018
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In: Sustainability. - Basel : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The intention of this paper is to learn more about why consumers choose whether or not to recycle, with special attention given to the functions of the packaging itself, in order to provide suggestions for improvements in packaging design, recycling systems and the environmental assessment of different packaging designs. The study focussed on ten households in Sweden that where motivated to participate in the study in order to gain an understanding of the complex matter of this decision-making process. The intention of implementing an interview-based qualitative study was to gain rich data and to reach beyond the respondents’ immediate verbal responses. The respondents were interviewed with open-ended questions, which were supported with pictures of packaging; additionally, their waste bins were examined. This explorative study suggests a set of obstacles that cause consumers to dispose of packaging relating to the functions of packaging. The different obstacles that determine whether or not packaging is recycled were organised according to three different themes: the attitude towards cleanliness, the effort required to clean and sort and uncertainties about the best environmental alternative. The different functions of packaging do in fact influence all of the identified themes and; therefore, influence the decisions consumers make with regards to the recycling of specific packaging. The identified packaging functions were easy to separate different materials, easy to separate different parts, easy to clean, easy to empty, easy to reseal, easy to compress and communication regarding recycling. Consumer behaviour with regards to specific packaging functions and recycling should be further investigated. It should also be considered for inclusion in design processes, to increase the chance of materials being recycled, and in food-packaging life-cycle assessments, to provide results that align more closely with reality.
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| 35. |
- Zhang, Renyun, et al.
(author)
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Escherichia coli Bacteria Develop Adaptive Resistance to Antibacterial ZnO Nanoparticles
- 2018
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In: Advanced Biosystem. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2366-7478. ; 2:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antibacterial agents based on nanoparticles (NPs) have many important applications, e.g., for the textile industry, surface disinfection, wound dressing, water treatment, and food preservation. Because of their prevalent use it is important to understand whether bacteria could develop resistance to such antibacterial NPs similarly to the resistance that bacteria are known to develop to antibiotics. Here, it is reported that Escherichia coli(E. coli) develops adaptive resistance to antibacterial ZnO NPs after several days' exposure to the NPs. But, in contrast to antibiotics‐resistance, the observed resistance to ZnO NPs is not stable—after several days without exposure to the NPs, the bacteria regain their sensitivity to the NPs' antibacterial properties. Based on the analyses it is suggested that the observed resistance is caused by changes in the shape of the bacteria and the expressions of membrane proteins. The findings provide insights into the response of bacteria to antibacterial NPs, which is important to elucidate for designing and evaluating the risk of applications based on antibacterial NPs.
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