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- Oxenstierna, G, et al.
(author)
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Increased frequency of aberrant CSF circulation in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy volunteers
- 1996
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In: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-9338. ; 11:1, s. 16-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a previous cisternographic study of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation in schizophrenic patients, indications for disturbed flow dynamics were found in 10 of 30 subjects. In order to replicate and investigate the clinical and pathophysiological significance of this finding, 39 schizophrenic patients and 42 healthy subjects were examined with an improved method for measurement of CSF circulation. 99mTc-DTPA was injected intrathecally and the gamma cisternograms were evaluated blindly. Correlations between cisternography findings and age, duration of disease, previous hospitalizations, positive or negative symptomatology, exposure to neuroleptics, psychiatric family history, CT findings and CSF levels of protein, tryptophan and monoamine metabolites, were calculated. Seven of the patients showed abnormalities in the cisternograms with a slow or obstructed flow of CSF over the convexities (P < 0.01) whereas none of the healthy volunteers showed abnormalities. There were no correlations between disturbed CSF circulation in the patients and the clinical and biochemical parameters, thus the significance of the deviations, similar to other biological aberrations found in schizophrenic patients, is not known. Recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging offer new possibilities to further examine CSF circulation abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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- Tiainen, A, et al.
(author)
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Regional variations and determinants of direct psychiatric costs in Sweden
- 2008
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In: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 36:5, s. 483-492
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate socioeconomic and demographic determinants of direct costs for psychiatric disorders in Sweden. The cost categories were inpatient and outpatient costs, and costs for psychopharmacological drugs. Two consecutive years, 2001 and 2002, were chosen as the study period. Methods: The study included all costs for admissions, visits and prescribed drugs for adults aged ≥18 years in 2001 and 2002 in Sweden. These costs were aggregated and analysed at the county level. A multiple linear regression analysis was fitted to the data, and independent variables (i.e. predictors) were chosen on the basis of previous studies. All cost types (e.g. total, inpatient, outpatient and drug costs) were analysed separately in different models. Results: Large variations in total direct psychiatric costs were found between county councils (for example, the total costs varied between euro112 and euro195 per capita in 2001). The results indicate that psychiatric outpatient care is less utilized in rural than in urban areas, and drugs are more often prescribed in rural areas than in urban areas. Areas with a high proportion of women and people aged 65 years and over are strong predictors of mental healthcare costs, i.e. variables showing that the higher the proportion, the lower the direct costs. Conclusions: Factors such as urbanization, gender, age and number of immigrants are reasons for differences in psychiatric direct costs. On the basis of these findings, it seems plausible to conclude that women, older patients and immigrants may benefit from specialized psychiatry, but that such healthcare does not seem to be provided in all regions.
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- Askelsdottir, B., et al.
(author)
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Home care after early discharge : Impact on healthy mothers and newborns
- 2013
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In: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 29:8, s. 927-934
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: to compare early discharge with home care versus standard postpartum care in terms of mothers' sense of security; contact between mother, newborn and partner; emotions towards breast feeding; and breast-feeding duration at one and three months after birth. Design: retrospective case-control study. Setting: a labour ward unit in Stockholm, Sweden handling both normal and complicated births. Participants: 96 women with single, uncomplicated pregnancies and births, and their healthy newborns. Intervention: early discharge at 12-24 hours post partum with 2-3 home visits during the first week after birth. The intervention group consisted of women who had a normal vaginal birth (. n=45). This group was compared with healthy controls who received standard postnatal care at the hospital (. n=51). Instruments: mothers' sense of security was measured using the Parents' Postnatal Sense of Security Scale. Contact between mother, child and father, and emotions towards breast feeding were measured using the Alliance Scale, and breast-feeding rates at one and three months post partum were recorded. Findings: women in the intervention group reported a greater sense of security in the first postnatal week but had more negative emotions towards breast feeding compared with the control group. At three months post partum, 74% of the newborns in the intervention group were fully breast fed versus 93% in the control group (. p=0.021). Contact between the mother, newborn and partner did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: early discharge with home care is a feasible option for healthy women and newborns, but randomised controlled studies are needed to investigate the effects of home care on breast-feeding rates. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 27. |
- Aufwerber, S, et al.
(author)
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Changes in Tendon Elongation and Muscle Atrophy Over Time After Achilles Tendon Rupture Repair: A Prospective Cohort Study on the Effects of Early Functional Mobilization
- 2020
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In: The American journal of sports medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-3365 .- 0363-5465. ; 48:13, s. 3296-3305
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early functional mobilization (EFM) may improve patient outcome after Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). However, whether EFM affects patient outcome via changes in tendon elongation, thickening, or calf muscle atrophy is unknown.Purpose:To analyze differences in tendon and muscle morphology recovery over time between groups treated with EFM or standard treatment after ATR repair.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:This prospective cohort study included 86 patients (20 women) with ATR repair who had a mean (SD) age of 39.3 (8.2) years and were part of a larger prospective randomized controlled trial. Patients were postoperatively randomized to immediate postoperative weightbearing and ankle motion (EFM group) or to immobilization in a below-knee plaster cast for 2 weeks (control group). Patient-reported and functional outcomes were assessed at 6 and 12 months with the Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score and the heel-rise test for endurance. At 2 and 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively, B-mode ultrasound imaging was performed to assess the length and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the Achilles tendon, the gastrocnemius CSA, as well as the thickness of soleus.Results:The Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score for the EFM and control groups were 65.8 (18.7) and 56.8 (20.1; P = .045), respectively, at 6 months and 79.6 (15.8) and 78.9 (17.2; P = .87), respectively, at 12 months. At 2 weeks, tendon elongation was significantly more pronounced in the EFM group as compared with the control group (mean side-to-side difference, 1.88 cm vs 0.71 cm; P = .005). Subsequently, tendon elongation increased in the control group while it decreased in the EFM group so that at 6 and 12 months no significant differences between groups were found. Mean Achilles tendon elongation at 1 year was 1.73 (1.07) cm for the EFM group (n = 55) and 1.67 (0.92) cm for the control group (n = 27), with a mean difference of 0.06 cm (95% CI, 0.54 to –0.42; P = .80). Achilles tendon CSA and calf muscle atrophy displayed no significant differences between the groups; however, significant changes were demonstrated over time ( P ≤ .001) in both groups.Conclusion:EFM results in more Achilles tendon elongation at early healing, but this difference subsides over time. EFM does not seem to affect patient outcome via changes in tendon elongation, thickening, or calf muscle atrophy.Registration:NCT02318472 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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| 28. |
- Aufwerber, S, et al.
(author)
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Does Early Functional Mobilization Affect Long-Term Outcomes After an Achilles Tendon Rupture? A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2020
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In: Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 2325-9671. ; 8:3, s. 2325967120906522-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Functional deficits and health-related impairments are common after an Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). Rehabilitation protocols vary greatly, and few studies have allowed loading in combination with ankle motion immediately after surgery (ie, early functional mobilization [EFM]). It is unclear whether EFM may counteract the negative impact of ankle immobilization after an ATR. Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of EFM compared with standard treatment (ie, 2 weeks of unloading in a plaster cast followed by 4 weeks of weightbearing in an orthosis) regarding patient-reported and functional outcomes in patients with an ATR after acute operative repair. The secondary aim was to explore whether the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) during the 2 postoperative treatments affected outcomes. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 135 patients who underwent ATR repair, randomized to either EFM, including immediate postoperative loading and ankle motion, or standard treatment, were evaluated with functional tests and 5 self-administered outcome questionnaires at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Results: At 6 months, the EFM group scored higher on the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (RAND-36) questionnaire subscales of general health and vitality ( P < .05) compared with the control group. No significant differences between the groups were found on disease-specific questionnaires (Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score [ATRS] and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score [FAOS]). At 12 months, no significant differences on any of the patient-reported outcome measures or the functional heel-rise test were seen between the groups. The RAND-36 subscale of general health, however, exhibited higher values in the EFM group (82.6 ± 16.9) than the control group (77.1 ± 17.0) ( P = .051) at 12 months after the injury. Patients sustaining DVT postoperatively had lower self-reported outcomes on the ATRS, FAOS, and RAND-36 questionnaires at 6 and 12 months compared with patients not having sustained DVT (all P < .05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that an accelerated postoperative protocol with immediate loading and ankle motion resulted in better general health and vitality at 6 months. However, there were no differences between the groups in the recovery of heel-rise function. Future studies should focus on the means to reduce the risk of DVT to improve patient outcomes after ATR. Registration: NCT02318472 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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| 31. |
- Backlund, L., et al.
(author)
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P2RX7: Expression Responds to Sleep Deprivation and Associates with Rapid Cycling in Bipolar Disorder Type 1
- 2012
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In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Rapid cycling is a severe form of bipolar disorder with an increased rate of episodes that is particularly treatment-responsive to chronotherapy and stable sleep-wake cycles. We hypothesized that the P2RX7 gene would be affected by sleep deprivation and be implicated in rapid cycling. Objectives: To assess whether P2RX7 expression is affected by total sleep deprivation and if variation in P2RX7 is associated with rapid cycling in bipolar patients. Design: Gene expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers and case-case and case-control SNP/haplotype association analyses in patients. Participants: Healthy volunteers at the sleep research center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC), USA (n = 8) and Swedish outpatients recruited from specialized psychiatric clinics for bipolar disorder, diagnosed with bipolar disorder type 1 (n = 569; rapid cycling: n = 121) and anonymous blood donor controls (n = 1,044). Results: P2RX7 RNA levels were significantly increased during sleep deprivation in PBMCs from healthy volunteers (p = 2.3*10(-9)). The P2RX7 rs2230912_A allele was more common (OR = 2.2, p = 0.002) and the ACGTTT haplotype in P2RX7 (rs1718119 to rs1621388) containing the protective rs2230912_G allele (OR = 0.45-0.49, p = 0.003-0.005) was less common, among rapid cycling cases compared to non-rapid cycling bipolar patients and blood donor controls. Conclusions: Sleep deprivation increased P2RX7 expression in healthy persons and the putatively low-activity P2RX7 rs2230912 allele A variant was associated with rapid cycling in bipolar disorder. This supports earlier findings of P2RX7 associations to affective disorder and is in agreement with that particularly rapid cycling patients have a more vulnerable diurnal system.
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| 35. |
- Buga, Sergei G., et al.
(author)
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Semimetallic and semiconductor properties of some superhard and ultrahard fullerites in the range 300-2 K
- 2000
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In: Proceedings of the 5th IUMRS International Conference on Advanced Materials, Beijing 1999. - : Elsevier B.V.. ; , s. 1009-1015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance were measured on samples with disordered structures synthesized from pure C60 and C70 at pressures in the range 8–12.5 GPa and temperatures of 900–1500 K. Different types of behaviour were observed: semimetallic, VRH and semiconducting, depending on the degree of disorder and the particular short-range order of the samples. A negative magnetoresistance was observed at T<10 K on samples with a semimetallic type of conductivity synthesized at 8 GPa pressure. The temperature dependence of resistivity in the sample with a disordered crystalline structure based on 3D-polymerized C60 molecules fits Mott's law for hopping conductivity. T3/2, T2 and T4 dependencies of conductivity are observed for samples with densities of 2.8 and 3.05 g/cm3 synthesized at a pressure of 12.5 GPa. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the resistivity of cross-linked layered carbon structures obtained from C60 at P=8 GPa, T=1600 K was investigated up to 0.6 GPa at room temperature. An approximately linear decrease of resistivity was observed with a very small value of the derivative d ln ρ/dp=0.06 /GPa, which correlates with a very low compressibility of the material.
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| 36. |
- Carlander, A. -KK., et al.
(author)
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Contact between mother, child and partner and attitudes towards breastfeeding in relation to mode of delivery
- 2010
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In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 1:1, s. 27-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate contact between mothers and their newborn child and study if there are differences between those who requested an elective caesarean section compared to women who had a vaginal birth and those who underwent an elective caesarean section due to obstetrical indication. The psychometric properties of a scale that measure the contact between mother and child were also investigated. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Sample: 510 primiparas from three groups: women undergoing caesarean section on maternal request (n = 96), women undergoing caesarean section on obstetrical indication (n = 116) and women planning a vaginal delivery (n = 198). The later were further divided into subgroups; women who underwent assisted vaginal delivery (n = 35) and women who had an emergency caesarean section (n = 65). Methods: The instrument used was the Alliance Scale. Main outcome measure: The contact between mother and child in relation to mode of delivery. Results: The contact with the child was rated as positive on all occasions: there were no significant differences between the groups. The relation to the partner was rated as positive at all occasions. Mothers with a vaginal delivery experienced breastfeeding less stressful than the mothers with a caesarean delivery. Three and nine months after delivery the mothers with a caesarean delivery on request reported more breastfeeding problems than mothers in the other groups. Mothers with a vaginal delivery rated less sadness at every occasion. Conclusion: Mode of delivery does not seem to affect how mothers experience their contact towards the newborn child. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Carlander, A. K. K., et al.
(author)
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Health-related quality of life five years after birth of the first child
- 2015
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In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 6:2, s. 101-107
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women five years after the birth of their first child as well as the HRQoL in relation to mode of delivery. Methods: 545 first-time pregnant women, drawn from a hospital situated in Sweden, consented to be included in a cohort. Five years after the birth of the first child, 372 (68%) women agreed to participate in a follow-up study. HRQoL was measured using the Swedish Health-Related Quality of Life Survey (SWED-QUAL) questionnaire. Socio-demographic background and variables related to pregnancy and childbirth were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Results: Overall, the HRQoL was perceived to be good. Suboptimal scores were obtained for the three variables: Sleeping problems, Emotional well-being - negative affect and Family functioning - sexual functioning. Women having a vaginal birth, an instrumental vaginal birth or women who underwent caesarean section on maternal request were more likely to report better perceived HRQoL than women who had undergone an emergency caesarean section or caesarean section due to medical indication. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the overall HRQoL of the women in the cohort was reported as good. Mode of delivery was associated with differences in HRQoL five years after birth of the first child. Our result suggests that some differences in perceived HRQoL persist in the long term. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
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| 42. |
- Cristiani, R, et al.
(author)
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Regarding "Editorial Commentary: Meniscal Repair-Why Bother?"
- 2020
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In: Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-3231. ; 36:7, s. 1794-1795
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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