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- Valle, M., Zavialov, A., Li, W., Stagg, S.M., Sengupta, J., Nielsen, R., Nissen, P., Harvey, S., Ehrenberg, M. and Frank, J.
(author)
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Incorporation of aminoacyl-tRNA in the ribosome as seen by cryo-EM.
- 2003
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In: Nature Structural Biology. ; 10, s. 899-906
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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4. |
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5. |
- Freistroffer, DV, et al.
(author)
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The accuracy of codon recognition by polypeptide release factors
- 2000
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In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424. ; 97:5, s. 2046-2051
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The precision with which individual termination codons in mRNA are recognized by protein release factors (RFs) has been measured and compared with the decoding of sense codons by tRNA, An Escherichia coil system for protein synthesis in vitro with purifie
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- Klaholz, B.P, Pape, T, Zavialov, A.V, Myasnikov, A.G., Orlova, E.V., Vestergaard, B, Ehrenberg, M and van Heel, M.
(author)
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Structure of the E.coli ribosomal termination complex with release factor 2
- 2003
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In: journal. - : Nature. ; 421, s. 90-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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8. |
- Klaholz, B.P., Pape, T.,. Zavialov, A.V., Myasnikov, A.G., Orlova, E.V., Vestergaard, B., Ehrenberg, M. and van Heel, M.
(author)
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. Structure of the E. coli ribosomal termination complex with release factor 2.
- 2003
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In: Nature. ; 421, s. 90-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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9. |
- Liang, ST, et al.
(author)
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Activities of constitutive promoters in Escherichia coli
- 1999
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In: JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. - 0022-2836. ; 292:1, s. 19-37
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The in vivo activities of seven constitutive promoters in Escherichia coli have been determined as functions of growth rate in wild-type relA(+) spoT(+) strains with normal levels of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and in ppGpp-deficient Delta relA Delta
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10. |
- McDougall, J, Holst-Hansen, P, Mortensen, K.K, Freistroffer, D.V, Pavlov, M.Y., Ehrenberg, M, Buckingham, R.H.
(author)
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Purification of active Escherichia coli ribosome recycling factor, RRF, from an osmo-regulated expression system
- 1997
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In: journal. - : Biochimie. ; 79, s. 243-246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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11. |
- McDougall, J, Holst-Hansen, P, Morstensen, K.K, Freistroffer, D.V., Pavlov, M.Y., Ehrenberg, M, Buckingham, R.H.
(author)
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Purification of active Escherichia coli ribosome recycling factor, RRF, from an osmo-regulated expression system.
- 1997
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In: journal. - : Biochimie. ; 8, s. 243-246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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12. |
- Ortega, F, Ehrenberg, M, Acerenza, L, Westerhoff, H.V, and Cascante, M
(author)
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Sensitivity analysis of metabolic cascades catalyzed by bifunctional enzymes
- 2002
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In: journal. - : Mol. Biol. Rep.. ; 29, s. 211-215
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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13. |
- Pedersen, K., Zavialov, A., Pavlov, M., Elf, J., Gerdes, K. and Ehrenberg, M.
(author)
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The bacterial toxin RelE displays codon specific cleavage of mRNAs in the ribosomal A-site.
- 2003
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In: Cell. ; 112, s. 131-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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14. |
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15. |
- Refojo, Damian, et al.
(author)
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Glutamatergic and Dopaminergic Neurons Mediate Anxiogenic and Anxiolytic Effects of CRHR1
- 2011
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 333:6051, s. 1903-1907
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) critically controls behavioral adaptation to stress and is causally linked to emotional disorders. Using neurochemical and genetic tools, we determined that CRHR1 is expressed in forebrain glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing (GABAergic) neurons as well as in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Via specific CRHR1 deletions in glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic cells, we found that the lack of CRHR1 in forebrain glutamatergic circuits reduces anxiety and impairs neurotransmission in the amygdala and hippocampus. Selective deletion of CRHR1 in midbrain dopaminergic neurons increases anxiety-like behavior and reduces dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex. These results define a bidirectional model for the role of CRHR1 in anxiety and suggest that an imbalance between CRHR1-controlled anxiogenic glutamatergic and anxiolytic dopaminergic systems might lead to emotional disorders.
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17. |
- Valle, M., Zavialov, A., Sengupta, J., Rawat, U., Ehrenberg, M. and Frank, J.
(author)
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Locking and unlocking of ribosomal motions.
- 2003
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In: Cell. ; 114, s. 123-134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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18. |
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19. |
- Zohari, Siamak, et al.
(author)
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Phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural (NS) gene of influenza A viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe in 2005
- 2008
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In: Virology Journal. - 1743-422X. ; 5:Article ID: 147
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Although the important role of the non-structural 1 (NS) gene of influenza A in virulence of the virus is well established, our knowledge about the extent of variation in the NS gene pool of influenza A viruses in their natural reservoirs in Europe is incomplete. In this study we determined the subtypes and prevalence of influenza A viruses present in mallards in Northern Europe and further analysed the NS gene of these isolates in order to obtain a more detailed knowledge about the genetic variation of NS gene of influenza A virus in their natural hosts. Results: A total number of 45 influenza A viruses of different subtypes were studied. Eleven haemagglutinin-and nine neuraminidase subtypes in twelve combinations were found among the isolated viruses. Each NS gene reported here consisted of 890 nucleotides; there were no deletions or insertions. Phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that two distinct gene pools, corresponding to both NS allele A and B, were present at the same time in the same geographic location in the mallard populations in Northern Europe. A comparison of nucleotide sequences of isolated viruses revealed a substantial number of silent mutations, which results in high degree of homology in amino acid sequences. The degree of variation within the alleles is very low. In our study allele A viruses displays a maximum of 5% amino acid divergence while allele B viruses display only 2% amino acid divergence. All the viruses isolated from mallards in Northern Europe possessed the typical avian ESEV amino acid sequence at the C-terminal end of the NSI protein. Conclusion: Our finding indicates the existence of a large reservoir of different influenza A viruses in mallards population in Northern Europe. Although our phylogenetic analysis clearly shows that two distinct gene pools, corresponding to both NS allele A and B, were present in the mallards populations in Northern Europe, allele B viruses appear to be less common in natural host species than allele A, comprising only about 13% of the isolates sequenced in this study.
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20. |
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21. |
- Arkov, AL, et al.
(author)
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Mutations in RNAs of both ribosomal subunits cause defects in translation termination
- 1998
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In: EMBO JOURNAL. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0261-4189. ; 17:5, s. 1507-1514
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mutations in RNAs of both subunits of the Escherichia coil ribosome caused defects in catalysis of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis in a realistic in vitro termination system. Assaying the two codon-dependent cytoplasmic proteins that drive termination, RF1 and R
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22. |
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23. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(author)
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An observational study of activities and multitasking performed by clinicians in two Swedish emergency departments
- 2012
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In: European journal of emergency medicine. - London : Chapman & Hall. - 0969-9546 .- 1473-5695. ; 19:4, s. 246-251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To explore the type and frequency of activities and multitasking performed by emergency department clinicians.Methods: Eighteen clinicians (licensed practical nurses, registered nurses and medical doctors), six from each occupational group, at two Swedish emergency departments were followed in their clinical work for 2 h each to observe all their activities and multitasking practices. Data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative content analysis.Results: Fifteen categories of activities could be identified based on 1882 observed activities during the 36 h of observation. The most common activity was information exchange, which was most often performed face-to-face. This activity represented 42.1% of the total number of observed activities. Information exchange was also the most common activity to be multitasked. Registered nurses performed most activities and their activities were multitasked more than the other clinicians. The nurses’ and doctors’ offices were the most common locations for multitasking in the emergency department.Conclusion: This study provides new knowledge regarding the activities conducted by clinicians in the emergency department. The most frequent activity was information exchange, which was the activity most often performed by the clinicians when multitasking occurred. Differences between clinicians were found for activities performed and multitasked, with registered nurses showing the highest frequencies for both.
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24. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(author)
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Associations between crowding and ten-day mortality among patients allocated lower triage acuity levels without need of acute hospital care on departure from the emergency department
- 2019
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In: Annals of Emergency Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-0644 .- 1097-6760. ; 74:3, s. 345-356
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVE: We describe the association between emergency department (ED) crowding and 10-day mortality for patients triaged to lower acuity levels at ED arrival and without need of acute hospital care on ED departure.METHODS: This was a registry study based on ED visits with all patients aged 18 years or older, with triage acuity levels 3 to 5, and without need of acute hospital care on ED departure during 2009 to 2016 (n=705,699). The sample was divided into patients surviving (n=705,076) or dying (n=623) within 10 days. Variables concerning patient characteristics and measures of ED crowding (mean length of stay and ED occupancy ratio) were extracted from the hospital's electronic health records. ED length of stay per ED visit was estimated by the average length of stay for all patients who presented to the ED during the same day and shift and with the same acuity level. The 10-day mortality after ED discharge was used as the outcome measure. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS: The 10-day mortality rate was 0.09% (n=623). The event group had larger proportions of patients aged 80 years or older (51.4% versus 7.7%) and triaged with acuity level 3 (63.3% versus 35.6%), and greater comorbidity (age-combined Charlson comorbidity index median interquartile range 6 versus 0). We observed an increased 10-day mortality for patients with a mean ED length of stay greater than or equal to 8 hours versus less than 2 hours (adjusted odds ratio 5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.15 to 15.94) and for elevated ED occupancy ratio. Adjusted odds ratios for ED occupancy ratio quartiles 2, 3, and 4 versus quartile 1 were 1.48 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.92), 1.63 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.14), and 1.53 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.03), respectively.CONCLUSION: Patients assigned to lower triage acuity levels when arriving to the ED and without need of acute hospital care on departure from the ED had higher 10-day mortality when the mean ED length of stay exceeded 8 hours and when ED occupancy ratio increased.
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25. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(author)
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Factors influencing clinicians' perceptions of interruptions as disturbing or non-disturbing : a qualitative study
- 2016
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In: International Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1755-599X .- 1878-013X. ; 27, s. 11-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Emergency departments consist of multiple systems requiring interaction with one another while still being able to operate independently, creating frequent interruptions in the clinical workflow. Most research on interruptions in health care settings has focused on the relationship between interruptions and negative outcomes. However, there are indications that not all interruptions are negatively perceived by those being interrupted. Therefore, this study aimed to explore factors that influence when a clinician perceives interruptions as non-disturbing or disturbing in an emergency department context.METHOD: Explorative design based on interviews with 10 physicians and 10 registered nurses at two Swedish emergency departments. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.RESULT: Factors influencing whether emergency department clinicians perceived interruptions as non-disturbing or disturbing were identified: clinician's constitution, external factors of influence and the nature of the interrupted task. The clinicians' perceptions were related to a complex of attributes inherent in these three factors at the time of the interruption. Thus, the same type of interruption could be perceived as either non-disturbing or disturbing contingent on the surrounding circumstances in which the event occurred.CONCLUSION: Emergency department clinicians' perceptions of interruptions as non-disturbing or disturbing were related to the character of identified influencing factors.
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26. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(author)
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Interruptions in emergency department work : an observational and interview study
- 2013
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In: BMJ Quality and Safety. - : BMJ. - 2044-5415 .- 2044-5423. ; 22:8, s. 656-663
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectiv.e Frequent interruptions are assumed to have a negative effect on healthcare clinicians’ working memory that could result in risk for errors and hence threatening patient safety. The aim of this study was to explore interruptions occurring during common activities of clinicians working in emergency departments.Method. Totally 18 clinicians, licensed practical nurses, registered nurses and medical doctors, at two Swedish emergency departments were observed during clinical work for 2 h each. A semistructured interview was conducted directly after the observation to explore their perceptions of interruptions. Data were analysed using non-parametric statistics, and by quantitative and qualitative content analysis.Results. The interruption rate was 5.1 interruptions per hour. Most often the clinicians were exposed to interruptions during activities involving information exchange. Calculated as percentages of categorised performed activities, preparation of medication was the most interrupted activity (28.6%). Face-to-face interaction with a colleague was the most common way to be interrupted (51%). Most common places for interruptions to occur were the nurses’ and doctors’ stations (68%). Medical doctors were the profession interrupted most often and were more often recipients of interruptions induced by others than causing self-interruptions. Most (87%) of the interrupted activities were resumed. Clinicians often did not regard interruptions negatively. Negative perceptions were more likely when the interruptions were considered unnecessary or when they disturbed the work processes.Conclusions. Clinicians were exposed to interruptions most often during information exchange. Relative to its occurrence, preparation of medication was the most common activity to be interrupted, which might increase risk for errors. Interruptions seemed to be perceived as something negative when related to disturbed work processes.
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27. |
- Berg, Lena M
(author)
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Patient safety at emergency departments : challenges with crowding, multitasking and interruptions
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Several challenges with patient safety in the emergency department (ED) context have beenpreviously identified, and some commonly mentioned are crowding, multitasking, andinterruptions. The ED is a complex, high-risk work environment where multiple clinicians(physicians, registered nurses [RNs], and licensed practical nurses [LPNs]) are constantlyworking in parallel work processes, in an often crowded ED, while conducting tasksinvolving cognitively demanding decision-making processes. ED crowding has for the past20 years been identified as a problem internationally, resulting in extended ED length of stay(LOS) and increased morbidity and mortality for patients. ED crowding is also considered tohave negative effects on the clinicians' workload and work satisfaction.Both multitasking and interruptions have been identified as risk factors for patient safety byhaving negative effects on a clinician's decision-making processes and thus increasing therisk of forgetting important details and events because of memory overload. However,information has been lacking about what specific work assignments ED clinicians conduct,and thus there is little information about the types of assignments they perform whilemultitasking and being exposed to interruptions. Further, because not all interruptions lead toerrors and because they are not all preventable, a more refined account of interruptions iscalled for. Moreover, it seems that previous studies have not identified which specific factorsinfluence the ED clinicians' perceptions of interruptions. The work environment has beenreferred to as a possible influencing factor, but specific details on the relationship between thework environment and negative effects from interruptions are pending.The overall aim of the thesis was to describe ED crowding, and its influence on EDclinicians' work processes (activities, multitasking, and interruptions) and patient outcomes,from a patient safety perspective. The thesis addressed six research questions: 1) How has EDcharacteristics, patient case mix and occurrence of ED crowding changed over time? 2) Whatwork activities are performed by ED clinicians? 3) What kind of multitasking situations areclinicians exposed to during ED work? 4) What kind of interruptions are clinicians exposedto during ED work? 5) How do ED clinicians perceive interruptions? 6) Is there anassociation between ED crowding and mortality for stable patients without the need for acutehospital care upon departure from the ED?The data in the thesis were generated from two data collections: 1) registry data containingpatient characteristics and measures of ED crowding (ED occupancy ratio [EDOR], ED LOS,and patient/clinician ratios) extracted from the patients' electronic health records (paper I andIV) and 2) observations and interviews with ED clinicians (physicians, RNs, and LPNs)(paper II and III). Nonparametric statistics were used in paper I and III, quantitative and qualitative content analysis were used in paper II and III, and multivariate logistic regressionanalysis was used in paper IV.The main results in the thesis are presented based on Asplin's conceptual model of EDcrowding, from the aspect of input-throughput-output, and how parts of a sub-optimalthroughput influence patient safety through ED clinicians' work processes and patientoutcomes. During 2009 – 2016 there has been a change in patient case mix at the EDs at thestudy hospital, primarily with an increase in unstable patients (input) and a decrease in thenumber of patients admitted to in-hospital care (output). The median for ED LOS over thestudy period increased, and the largest increases occurred among the subgroups of unstablepatients, patients ≥80 years of age, and those admitted to in-hospital care (throughput).Further, an increase in crowding, in terms of median EDOR and median patients per RNratios, was identified, with an increase in EDOR from 0.8 in 2009 to 1.1 in 2016 and anaverage increase of 0.164 patients/RN/year (throughput). The ED clinicians' workassignments consisted of 15 categories of activities, and information exchange was found tobe the most common activity (42.1%). In contrast, the clinicians only spent 9.4% of theiractivities on direct interaction with patients and their families (ED clinicians' workprocesses). The clinicians multitasked during 23% of their total number of performedactivities, and there was an overall interruption rate of 5.1 interruptions per hour. Themajority of the observed multitasking situations and interruptions in the ED clinicians' workoccurred during demanding activities that required focus or concentration (ED clinicians'work processes). Finally, an association was identified between an increase in ED LOS andEDOR and 10-day mortality for stable patients without the need for acute hospital care upondeparture from the ED (patient outcomes).This thesis illustrates how a sub-optimal throughput, affected by conditions in both the inputand output components, negatively influence the ED clinicians' work processes as well aspatient outcomes.
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28. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(author)
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Reasons for interrupting colleagues during emergency department work : A qualitative study
- 2016
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In: International Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1755-599X .- 1878-013X. ; 29, s. 21-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Emergency department team members frequently need to interact with each other, a circumstance causing multiple interruptions. However, information is lacking about the motives underlying these interruptions and this study aimed to explore clinicians' reasons to interrupt colleagues during emergency department work.Method: Semi-structured interviews with 10 physicians and 10 registered nurses at two Swedish emergency departments. The interviews were analyzed inductively using content analysis.Results: The working conditions to some extent sustained the clinicians' need to interrupt, for example different routines. Another reason to interrupt was to improve the initiator's work process, such as when the initiators perceived that the interruption had high clinical relevance. The third reason concerns the desire to influence the work process of colleagues in order to prevent mistakes and provide information for the person being interrupted to improve patient care.Conclusion: The three identified categories for why emergency department clinicians interrupt their colleagues were related to working conditions and a wish to improve/influence the work processes for both initiators and recipients. Several of the reasons given for interrupting colleagues were done in order to improve patient care. Interruptions perceived as negative to the recipient were mostly related to the working conditions.
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29. |
- Berg, Lena M, et al.
(author)
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Significant changes in emergency department length of stay and case mix over eight years at a large Swedish University Hospital
- 2019
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In: International Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1755-599X .- 1878-013X. ; 43, s. 50-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Describe the longitudinal development of crowding and patient/emergency department (ED) characteristics at a Swedish University Hospital.METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal registry study based on all ED visits with adult patients during 2009-2016 (N = 1,063,806). Patient characteristics and measures of ED crowding (ED occupancy ratio, length-of-stay [LOS], patients/clinician's ratios) were extracted from the hospital's electronic health record. Non-parametric analyses were conducted.RESULTS: The proportion of unstable patients (triage level 1-2) increased while the proportion of admitted patients decreased. All crowding variables were stable, except for LOS, which increased by 9 min/visit/year (95% CI: 8.8-9.1). LOS for visits by patients ≥ 80 years increased more compared to those 18-79 (248 min vs. 190 min, p < 0.001). Unstable patients increased their median LOS compared to stable patients (triage level 3-5). LOS for discharged patients increased with an average of 7.7 min/year (95% CI: 7.5-7.9) compared to 15.5 min/year (95% CI: 15.2-15.8) for those being admitted.CONCLUSION: Fewer admissions, despite an increase of unstable patients, is likely related to lack of in-hospital beds and contributes to ED crowding. The increase in median ED LOS, especially for patients in the subgroups unstable, ≥80 years and admitted to in-hospital care reflects this problem.
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31. |
- Berg, OG, et al.
(author)
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Fluctuations in repressor control: Thermodynamic constraints on stochastic focusing
- 2000
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In: BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL. - : BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY. - 0006-3495. ; 79:6, s. 2944-2953
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of fluctuations in molecule numbers on genetic control circuits has received considerable attention. The consensus has been that such fluctuations will make regulation less precise. In contrast, it has more recently been shown that signal fl
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32. |
- Bergman, Jessica M.
(author)
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Genetics and Growth Regulation in Salmonella enterica
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Most free-living bacteria will encounter different environments and it is therefore critical to be able to rapidly adjust to new growth conditions in order to be competitively successful. Responding to changes requires efficient gene regulation in terms of transcription, RNA stability, translation and post-translational modifications.Studies of an extremely slow-growing mutant of Salmonella enterica, with a Glu125Arg mutant version of EF-Tu, revealed it to be trapped in a stringent response. The perceived starvation was demonstrated to be the result of increased mRNA cleavage of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes leading to lower prolyl-tRNA levels. The mutant EF-Tu caused an uncoupling of transcription and translation, leading to increased turnover of mRNA, which trapped the mutant in a futile stringent response.To examine the essentiality of RNase E, we selected and mapped three classes of extragenic suppressors of a ts RNase E phenotype. The ts RNase E mutants were defective in the degradation of mRNA and in the processing of tRNA and rRNA. Only the degradation of mRNA was suppressed by the compensatory mutations. We therefore suggest that degradation of at least a subset of cellular mRNAs is an essential function of RNase E.Bioinformatically, we discovered that the mRNA of tufB, one of the two genes encoding EF-Tu, could form a stable structure masking the ribosomal binding site. This, together with previous studies that suggested that the level of EF-Tu protein could affect the expression of tufB, led us to propose three models for how this could occur. The stability of the tufB RNA structure could be affected by the elongation rate of tufB-translating ribosomes, possibly influenced by the presence of rare codons early in the in tufB mRNA.Using proteomic and genetic assays we concluded that two previously isolated RNAP mutants, each with a growth advantage when present as subpopulations on aging wild-type colonies, were dependent on the utilization of acetate for this phenotype. Increased growth of a subpopulation of wild-type cells on a colony unable to re-assimilate acetate demonstrated that in aging colonies, acetate is available in levels sufficient to sustain the growth of at least a small subpopulation of bacteria.
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39. |
- Carlsson, E, et al.
(author)
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Recording of nursing assessment and interventions for stroke patients with eating difficulties.
- 2006
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In: Studies in health technology and informatics. - Seoul, Korea.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A standardised language is a necessary condition for successful development and implementation of electronic patient records. In the present study a record audit was performed at a Swedish stroke unit. The aims were to analyse how the nursing process on eating difficulties after stroke was represented in nursing documentation and to describe the information that was transferred to the next care provider at discharge. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results show that care planning and nursing interventions were not visible in patient records. Furthermore, the language proved vague and expressed in a "non-professional" manner.
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43. |
- Dincbas, V, Engström, Å, mora, L, Buckingham, R, and Ehrenberg, M.
(author)
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A post-translational modification in the GGQ motif of RF2 from E.coli stimulates termination translation
- 2000
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In: journal. - : EMBO. ; 19, s. 6900-6907
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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44. |
- Dincbas, V, et al.
(author)
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Shutdown in protein synthesis due to the expression of mini-genes in bacteria
- 1999
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In: JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. - 0022-2836. ; 291:4, s. 745-759
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mutants of Escherichia coli partially deficient in peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase are killed by the expression of certain very short open reading frames (mini-genes), encoded by the wild-type bar regions of phage lambda. According to the current hypothesis, prot
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