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- Walmsley, T., et al.
(author)
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Characterizing the multi-dimensional reaction dynamics of dihalomethanes using XUV-induced Coulomb explosion imaging
- 2023
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In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - 0021-9606. ; 159:14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Site-selective probing of iodine 4d orbitals at 13.1 nm was used to characterize the photolysis of CH2I2 and CH2BrI initiated at 202.5 nm. Time-dependent fragment ion momenta were recorded using Coulomb explosion imaging mass spectrometry and used to determine the structural dynamics of the dissociating molecules. Correlations between these fragment momenta, as well as the onset times of electron transfer reactions between them, indicate that each molecule can undergo neutral three-body photolysis. For CH2I2, the structural evolution of the neutral molecule was simultaneously characterized along the C-I and I-C-I coordinates, demonstrating the sensitivity of these measurements to nuclear motion along multiple degrees of freedom.
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| 4. |
- Bandara, T M W J, 1968, et al.
(author)
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A polymer electrolyte containing ionic liquid for possible applications in photoelectrochemical solar cells
- 2010
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In: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-8488 .- 1433-0768. ; 14:7, s. 1221-1226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Various iodide ion conducting polymer electrolytes have been studied as candidate materials for fabricating photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells and energy storage devices. In this study, enhanced ionic conductivity values were obtained for the ionic liquid tetrahexylammonium iodide containing polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based plasticized electrolytes. The analysis of thermal properties revealed the existence of two phases in the electrolyte, and the conductivity measurements showed a marked conductivity enhancement during the melting of the plasticizer-rich phase of the electrolyte. Annealed electrolyte samples showed better conductivity than nonannealed samples, revealing the existence of hysteresis. The optimum conductivity was shown for the electrolytes with PEO:salt= 100:15 mass ratio, and this sample exhibited the minimum glass transition temperature of 72.2 °C. For this optimum PEO to salt ratio, the conductivity of nonannealed electrolyte was 4.4×10−4 S cm−1 and that of the annealed sample was 4.6×10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C. An all solid PEC solar cell was fabricated using this annealed electrolyte. The short circuit current density (ISC), the open circuit voltage (VOC), and the power conversion efficiency of the cell are 0.63 mA cm−2, 0.76 V, and 0.47% under the irradiation of 600 W m−2 light.
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- Ekanayake, Hiran B., et al.
(author)
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Affective Realism of Animated Films in the Development of Simulation-Based Tutoring Systems
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Distance Education Technologies. - : IGI Global. - 1539-3100 .- 1539-3119. ; 11:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a study focused on comparing real actors based scenarios and animated characters based scenarios with respect to their similarity in evoking psychophysiological activity for certain events by measuring galvanic skin response (GSR). In the experiment, one group (n=11) watched the real actors’ film whereas another group (n=7) watched the animated film, which had the same story and dialogue as the real actors’ film. The results have shown that there is no significant difference in the skin conductance response (SCR) scores between the two groups; however, responses significantly differ when SCR amplitudes are taken into account. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation reported as high as over 80% correlation between the two groups’ SCRs for certain time intervals. The authors believe that this finding is of general importance for the domain of simulation-based tutoring systems in development of and decisions regarding use of animated characters based scenarios.
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| 6. |
- Ekanayake, Hiran B., et al.
(author)
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Comparing Expert and Novice Driving Behavior in a Driving Simulator
- 2013
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In: Interaction Design and Architecture(s) Journal - IxD&A. - : Interaction Design and Architecture(s). - 1826-9745 .- 2283-2998. ; :19, s. 115-131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a study focused on comparing driving behavior of expert and novice drivers in a mid-range driving simulator with the intention of evaluating the validity of driving simulators for driver training. For the investigation, measurements of performance, psychophysiological measurements, and self-reported user experience under different conditions of driving tracks and driving sessions were analyzed. We calculated correlationsbetween quantitative and qualitative measures to enhance the reliability of the findings. The experiment was conducted involving 14 experienced drivers and 17 novice drivers. The results indicate that driving behaviors of expert and novice drivers differ from each other in several ways but it heavily depends on the characteristics of the task. Moreover, our belief is that the analytical framework proposed in this paper can be used as a tool for selecting appropriate driving tasks as well as for evaluating driving performance in driving simulators.
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| 7. |
- Ekanayake, Hiran B., et al.
(author)
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Comparing expert driving behavior in real world and simulator contexts
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Computer Games Technology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-7047 .- 1687-7055.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Computer games are increasingly used for purposes beyond mere entertainment, and current hi-tech simulators can provide quite, naturalistic contexts for purposes such as traffic education. One of the critical concerns in this area is the validity or transferability of acquired skills from a simulator to the real world context. In this paper, we present our work in which we compared driving in the real world with that in the simulator at two levels, that is, by using performance measures alone, and by combining psychophysiological measures with performance measures. For our study, we gathered data using questionnaires as well as by logging vehicle dynamics, environmental conditions, video data, and users' psychophysiological measurements. For the analysis, we used several novel approaches such as scatter plots to visualize driving tasks of different contexts and to obtain vigilance estimators from electroencephalographic (EEG) data in order to obtain important results about the differences between the driving in the two contexts. Our belief is that both experimental procedures and findings of our experiment are very important to the field of serious games concerning how to evaluate the fitness of driving simulators and measure driving performance. © 2013 Hiran B. Ekanayake et al.
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| 8. |
- Ekanayake, Hiran B., 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Determining the Psychological Involvement in Multimedia Interactions
- 2009
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In: The International Journal on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions. - : Sri Lanka Journals Online (JOL). - 1800-4156. ; 2:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human computer interaction (HCI) is currently aimed at the design of interactive computer applications for human use while preventing user frustration. When considering the nature of modern computer applications, such as e-learning systems and computer games, it appears that human involvement cannot be improved only by using traditional approaches, such as nice user interfaces. For a pleasant human involvement, these computer applications require that the computers should have the ability to naturally adapt to their users and this requires the computers to have the ability to recognize user emotions. For recognizing emotions currently most preferred research approach is aimed at facial expression based emotion recognition, which seems to have many limitations. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to determine the psychological involvement of a human during a multimedia interaction session using the eye movement activity and arousal evaluation. In our approach we use a low cost hardware/software combination, which determines eye movement activity based on electrooculogram (EOG) signals and the level of arousal using galvanic skin response (GSR) signals. The results obtained using six individuals show that the nature of involvement can be recognized using these affect signals as optimal levels and distracted conditions.
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