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| 9. |
- Williams, N M, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic genomewide linkage study in 353 sib pairs with schizophrenia.
- 2003
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 73:6, s. 1355-1367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We undertook a genomewide linkage study in a total of 353 affected sib pairs (ASPs) with schizophrenia. Our sample consisted of 179 ASPs from the United Kingdom, 134 from Sweden, and 40 from the United States. We typed 372 microsatellite markers at approximately 10-cM intervals. Our strongest finding was a LOD score of 3.87 on chromosome 10q25.3-q26.3, with positive results being contributed by all three samples and a LOD-1 interval of 15 cM. This finding achieved genomewide significance (P<.05), on the basis of simulation studies. We also found two regions, 17p11.2-q25.1 (maximum LOD score [MLS] = 3.35) and 22q11 (MLS = 2.29), in which the evidence for linkage was highly suggestive. Linkage to all of these regions has been supported by other studies. Moreover, we found strong evidence for linkage (genomewide P<.02) to 17p11.2-q25.1 in a single pedigree with schizophrenia. In our view, the evidence is now sufficiently compelling to undertake detailed mapping studies of these three regions.
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| 12. |
- Dubrovinsky, L., et al.
(författare)
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The most incompressible metal osmium at static pressures above 750 gigapascals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 525:7568, s. 226-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metallic osmium (Os) is one of the most exceptional elemental materials, having, at ambient pressure, the highest known density and one of the highest cohesive energies and melting temperatures(1). It is also very incompressible(2-4), but its high-pressure behaviour is not well understood because it has been studied(2-6) so far only at pressures below 75 gigapascals. Here we report powder X-ray diffraction measurements on Os at multi-megabar pressures using both conventional and double-stage diamond anvil cells(7), with accurate pressure determination ensured by first obtaining self-consistent equations of state of gold, platinum, and tungsten in static experiments up to 500 gigapascals. These measurements allow us to show that Os retains its hexagonal close-packed structure upon compression to over 770 gigapascals. But although its molar volume monotonically decreases with pressure, the unit cell parameter ratio of Os exhibits anomalies at approximately 150 gigapascals and 440 gigapascals. Dynamical mean-field theory calculations suggest that the former anomaly is a signature of the topological change of the Fermi surface for valence electrons. However, the anomaly at 440 gigapascals might be related to an electronic transition associated with pressure-induced interactions between core electrons. The ability to affect the core electrons under static high-pressure experimental conditions, even for incompressible metals such as Os, opens up opportunities to search for new states of matter under extreme compression.
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| 14. |
- Glazyrin, K., et al.
(författare)
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Importance of Correlation Effects in hcp Iron Revealed by a Pressure-Induced Electronic Topological Transition
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 110:11, s. 117206-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discover that hcp phases of Fe and Fe0.9Ni0.1 undergo an electronic topological transition at pressures of about 40 GPa. This topological change of the Fermi surface manifests itself through anomalous behavior of the Debye sound velocity, c/a lattice parameter ratio, and Mossbauer center shift observed in our experiments. First-principles simulations within the dynamic mean field approach demonstrate that the transition is induced by many-electron effects. It is absent in one-electron calculations and represents a clear signature of correlation effects in hcp Fe.
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- Razis, E., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the management of carcinomatous meningitis from breast cancer globally: a study by the Breast International Group Brain Metastasis Task Force
- 2022
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7029. ; 7:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is a severe complication of breast cancer. The Breast International Group (BIG) carried out a survey to describe the approach to CM internationally. Patients and methods: A questionnaire on the management of CM was developed by the Brain Metastases Task Force of BIG and distributed to its groups, requesting one answer per group site. Results: A total of 241 sites responded, 119 from Europe, 9 from North America, 39 from Central/South America, 58 from Asia, and 16 in Australia/New Zealand, with 24.5% being general hospitals with oncology units, 44.4% university hospitals, 22.4% oncology centers, and 8.7% private hospitals. About 56.0% of sites reported seeing <5 cases annually with 60.6% reporting no increase in the number of cases of CM recently. Nearly 63.1% of sites investigate for CM when a patient has symptoms or radiological evidence, while 33.2% investigate only for symptoms. For diagnosis, 71.8% of sites required a positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology, while magnetic resonance imaging findings were sufficient in 23.7% of sites. Roughly 97.1% of sites treat CM and 51.9% also refer patients to palliative care. Intrathecal therapy is used in 41.9% of sites, mainly with methotrexate (74.3%). As many as 20 centers have a national registry for patients with breast cancer with central nervous system metastases and of those 5 have one for CM. Most (90.9%) centers would be interested in participating in a registry as well as in studies for CM, the latter preferably (62.1%) breast cancer subtype specific. Conclusions: This is the first study to map out the approach to CM from breast cancer globally. Although guidelines with level 1 evidence are lacking, there is a high degree of homogeneity in the approach to CM globally and great interest for conducting studies in this area.
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| 20. |
- Silfverdal, Sven Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Breastfeeding enhances the antibody response to Hib and Pneumococcal serotype 6B and 14 after vaccination with conjugate vaccines
- 2007
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 25:8, s. 1497-1502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study was performed in order to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and the antibody response after vaccination with conjugate vaccines against Hib and pneumococcal diseases. METHODS: This was an open non-randomised multi-centre study enrolling 101 healthy Swedish infants. PncCRM was administered concomitantly with DTaP/IPV/Hib at 3, 5, and 12 months at separate site. Duration of breastfeeding was calculated for days of almost exclusive as well as of total (any form of) breastfeeding. RESULTS: At 13 months of age 6 out of 83 children did not reach 0.2mug/ml against serotype 6B, and five of these were breastfed less than 90 days (Fisher's Exact test, P=0.011). Four children did not reach 1mug/ml against Hib and all those were breastfed less than 90 days (Fisher's Exact test, P=0.008). One month after the second dose, at 6 months of age, children breastfed 90 days or more showed significantly higher GMC against serotype 14 (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that children exclusively breastfed 90 days or more might get a better serological protection against Hib, and the pneumococcal serotypes 6B and 14 after vaccination, compared to children less breastfed.
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| 24. |
- Ammoun, Sylwia, et al.
(författare)
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OX1 orexin receptors activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase in Chinese hamster ovary cells via multiple mechanisms : the role of Ca2+ influx in OX1 receptor signaling
- 2006
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Ingår i: Molecular Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0888-8809 .- 1944-9917. ; 20:1, s. 80-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activation of OX1 orexin receptors heterologously expressedin Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells led to a rapid, strong,and long-lasting increase in ERK phosphorylation (activation).Dissection of the signal pathways to ERK using multiple inhibitorsand dominant-negative constructs indicated involvement of Ras,protein kinase C, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, and Src. Most interestingly,Ca2+ influx appeared central for the ERK response in CHO cells,and the same was indicated in recombinant neuro-2a cells andcultured rat striatal neurons. Detailed investigations in CHOcells showed that inhibition of the receptor- and store-operatedCa2+ influx pathways could fully attenuate the response, whereasinhibition of the store-operated Ca2+ influx pathway alone orthe Ca2+ release was ineffective. If the receptor-operated pathwaywas blocked, an exogenously activated store-operated pathwaycould take its place and restore the coupling of OX1 receptorsto ERK. Further experiments suggested that Ca2+ influx, as such,may not be required for ERK phosphorylation, but that Ca2+,elevated via influx, acts as a switch enabling OX1 receptorsto couple to cascades leading to ERK phosphorylation, cAMP elevation,and phospholipase C activation. In conclusion, the data suggestthat the primary coupling of orexin receptors to Ca2+ influxallows them to couple to other signal pathways; in the absenceof coupling to Ca2+ influx, orexin receptors can act as signalintegrators by taking advantage of other Ca2+ influx pathways.
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| 26. |
- Beecken, Jörg, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Emission factors of SO2, NOx and particles from ships in Neva Bay from ground-based and helicopter-borne measurements and AIS-based modeling
- 2015
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 15:9, s. 5229-5241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emission factors of SO2, NOx and size-distributed particle numbers were measured for approximately 300 different ships in the Gulf of Finland and Neva Bay area during two campaigns in August/September 2011 and June/July 2012. The measurements were carried out from a harbor vessel and from an Mi-8 helicopter downwind of passing ships. Other measurements were carried out from shore sites near the island of Kronstadt and along the Neva River in the urban area of Saint Petersburg. Most ships were running at reduced speed (10 kn), i.e., not at their optimal load. Vessels for domestic and international shipping were monitored. It was seen that the distribution of the SO2 emission factors is bi-modal, with averages of 4.6 and 18.2 gSO(2) kg(fuel)(-1) for the lower and the higher mode, respectively. The emission factors show compliance with the 1% fuel sulfur content Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA) limit for 90% of the vessels in 2011 and 97% in 2012. The distribution of the NOx emission factor is mono-modal, with an average of 58 gNO(x) kg(fuel)(-1). The corresponding emission related to the generated power yields an average of 12.1 gNO(x) kWh(-1). The distribution of the emission factors for particulate number shows that nearly 90% of all particles in the 5.6 nm to 10 mu m size range were below 70 nm in diameter. The distribution of the corresponding emission factors for the mass indicates two separated main modes, one for particles between 30 and 300 nm and the other for above 2 mu m. The average particle emission factors were found to be in the range from 0.7 to 2.7 x 10(16) particles kg(fuel)(-1) and 0.2 to 3.4 gPM kg(fuel)(-1), respectively. The NOx and particulate emissions are comparable with other studies. The measured emission factors were compared, for individual ships, to modeled ones using the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. A reasonably good agreement for gaseous sulfur and nitrogen emissions can be seen for ships in international traffic, but significant deviations are found for inland vessels. Regarding particulate mass, the values of the modeled data are about 2-3 times higher than the measured results, which probably reflects the assumptions made in the modeled fuel sulfur content. The sulfur contents in the fuel retrieved from the measurements were lower than the previously used assumptions by the City of Saint Petersburg when carrying out atmospheric modeling, and using these measurements it was possible to better assess the impact of shipping on air quality.
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| 28. |
- Brouwers, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Simulating the need for health- and elderly care in Sweden : A model description of SESIM-LEV
- 2016
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Ingår i: New Pathways in Microsimulation. - : Taylor and Francis. ; , s. 41-59
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter explains the income distribution among the elderly using a dynamic microsimulation model for Japan, Integrated Analytical Model for Household Simulation (INAHSIM). It also compares the percentage of the poor elderly in the population in order to evaluate income security functions for the elderly among several public pension reform proposals. INAHSIM7 is a dynamic microsimulation model for Japan. It was originally developed in the early 1980s as a household simulation model to accommodate Japan’s society. The public pension scheme in Japan was established in the 1960s, and it is a two-tier system that consists of a flat-rate benefit called ’basic pension’ and an earnings-related benefit for regular employees. The public pension scheme in Japan is based on a social insurance system, and there exist a considerable number of persons who do not pay their premiums, people are concerned about the growing number of the elderly with low pension amounts.
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| 30. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(författare)
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Anticipation in Swedish families with schizophrenia.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Psychiatric Genetics. - 0955-8829 .- 1473-5873. ; 5:4, s. 181-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nineteen parent-offspring pairs obtained from 14 two-generation families with available medical records and diagnosis of schizophrenia were studied to compare the ages of onset of the parent generation with those of the offspring generation. The mean age of onset for the parent generation was 37.3 +/- 6.0 years and for the offspring generation was 20.8 +/- 4.4. The mean difference was thus 16.5 +/- 6.2, suggesting the occurrence of anticipation in schizophrenia (p < 0.001). Although some ascertainment biases (like reduced fertility in early-onset parents or early detection of symptoms in offsprings of affected parents) may partially contribute to the occurrence of anticipation, this study replicates recent reports of anticipation in several neuropsychiatric disorders, some of which have been shown to be associated with unstable expansions of trinucleotide repeats in the genomic DNA.
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| 31. |
- Danielsson, Aina, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of disc aging and back pain after fusion extending into the lower lumbar spine. A matched MR study twenty-five years after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - 0284-1851. ; 42:2, s. 187-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine the long-term outcome after fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in terms of degenerative disc findings diagnosed using MR imaging and to elucidate the clinical consequences.Thirty-two patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, who had undergone spinal fusion using Harrington rods to the lower lumbar spine with one or two unfused discs below the fusion, were re-examined 25 years after the fusion. The re-examinations included validated questionnaires, clinical examination, full standing frontal and lateral radiographs and MR examination of the lower lumbar region. Curve size and degenerative findings on MR images were evaluated by two unbiased radiologists, blinded to the clinical findings. A matched control group of 32 persons without scoliosis was subjected to the same examinations.There were significantly more degenerative disc changes (p<0.0001), disc height reduction (p=0.0010) and end-plate changes (p<0.0001 for both upper and lower end-plates) in the lowest unfused disc in the patient group compared with the control group. The MR findings in the lowest unfused disc, but not the one above, in the patient group correlated to lumbar pain intensity as well as to the diminished lumbar lordosis.
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| 37. |
- Ekholm, M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen over three decades on breast cancer–free and distant recurrence–free interval among premenopausal women with oestrogen receptor–positive breast cancer randomised in the Swedish SBII:2pre trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 110, s. 53-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The primary aim was to compare 2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen versus no systemic treatment in premenopausal patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)–positive tumours, regarding breast cancer–free interval (BCFi) and distant recurrence–free interval (D-RFi), with 30 years of follow-up and for specified intervals. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the effects of adjuvant tamoxifen on the incidence of secondary malignancies and survival after distant recurrence. Methods: Premenopausal patients with primary breast cancer were randomised to 2 years of tamoxifen (n = 277) or no systemic treatment (n = 287), irrespective of ER status. Information regarding events was collected by a review of medical records and from national registers. Results: The median follow-up for all patients without events was 28 years, and only four of the patients alive had a follow-up of <20 years. With 30 years of follow-up, tamoxifen prolonged BCFi in the intention-to-treat population (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61–0.94, p = 0.011) compared with no treatment. In patients with ER-positive tumours (n = 362), tamoxifen prolonged BCFi (HR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.47–0.82, p = 0.001) and D-RFi (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99, p = 0.043). The positive effect on BCFi was significant also for the interval >15–30 years (HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.28–0.98, p = 0.042). For patients with ER-positive tumours who were diagnosed with distant recurrence (n = 165), survival after distant recurrence was shorter among tamoxifen-treated patients (median, 29 months versus 43 months). The incidence of contralateral breast cancer was 42% lower in the tamoxifen group (HR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.96, p = 0.035), whereas no differences were observed regarding other secondary malignancies. Conclusions: With three decades of follow-up, 2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen reduced the incidence of breast cancer–related events and distant recurrence, and the carryover effect seems to extend beyond 15 years. Moreover, adjuvant tamoxifen seems to be associated with shorter survival after diagnosis of distant recurrence.
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| 38. |
- Ekholm, S, et al.
(författare)
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Tolerance and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in MR imaging of the central nervous system
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 37:2, s. 223-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This Swedish multicenter trial was performed on patients with known or suspected lesions of the CNS for which an MR examination using a contrast medium was indicated. A total of 8 MR centers participated in the study to establish the safety and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in clinical routine using a standard dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg b.w. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven hundred adult patients who had been referred for MR investigation of suspected CNS lesions were included in the study. Since most patients were examined on an outpatient basis, it was decided to use an explicit questionnaire regarding adverse events that developed within 24 h after examination. The efficacy evaluation involved comparisons of detectability, delineation, and number of lesions before and after injection of Omniscan. RESULTS: No serious or unexpected adverse event was found. There were a total of 70 (10.2%) patients with adverse events, excluding those judged not to be contrast media-related. However, only 15 patients (2.2%) had adverse events that possibly or probably were related to the contrast medium. Usually, the symptoms were headache, dizziness, abnormal taste, and nausea. Two patients complained of itching, but only one developed urticaria. The efficacy was similar to that of other currently used Gd-based MR agents. Lesions were more often seen on T2-weighted images, but the contrast medium improved lesion delineation, contributing to higher certainty in diagnosis, and provided more confidence in excluding suspected abnormality. CONCLUSION: Omniscan was found to be a safe and clinically valuable contrast medium for MR imaging of the CNS.
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| 39. |
- Ekholm, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Eigenvalue estimates for Schrodinger operators on metric trees
- 2011
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Ingår i: Advances in Mathematics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-8708 .- 1090-2082. ; 226:6, s. 5165-5197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider Schrodinger operators on radial metric trees and prove Lieb-Thirring and Cwikel-Lieb-Rozenblum inequalities for their negative eigenvalues. The validity of these inequalities depends on the volume growth of the tree. We show that the bounds are valid in the endpoint case and reflect the correct order in the weak or strong coupling limit.
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| 40. |
- Ekholm, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Remarks about Hardy inequalities on metric trees
- 2008
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Ingår i: Analysis on Graphs and Its Applications. - 0082-0717. - 9780821844717 ; 77, s. 369-379
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We find sharp conditions on the growth of a rooted regular metric tree Such that the Neumann Laplacian on the tree satisfies a Hardy inequality. In particular, we consider homogeneous metric trees. Moreover, we show that a non-trivial Aharonov-Bohm magnetic field leads to a Hardy inequality on a loop graph.
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| 41. |
- Ekholm, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Weak perturbations of the p-Laplacian
- 2015
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Ingår i: Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-2669 .- 1432-0835. ; 53:3-4, s. 781-801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the p-Laplacian in perturbed by a weakly coupled potential. We calculate the asymptotic expansions of the lowest eigenvalue of such an operator in the weak coupling limit separately for and and discuss the connection with Sobolev interpolation inequalities.
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| 42. |
- Eriksson, Leif, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Secular trend, seasonality and effects of a community-based intervention on neonatal mortality : follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 72:9, s. 776-782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little is know about whether the effects of community engagement interventions for child survival in low-income and middle-income settings are sustained. Seasonal variation and secular trend may blur the data. Neonatal mortality was reduced in a cluster-randomised trial in Vietnam where laywomen facilitated groups composed of local stakeholders employing a problem-solving approach for 3 years. In this analysis, we aim at disentangling the secular trend, the seasonal variation and the effect of the intervention on neonatal mortality during and after the trial.Methods: In Quang Ninh province, 44 communes were allocated to intervention and 46 to control. Births and neonatal deaths were assessed in a baseline survey in 2005, monitored during the trial in 2008–2011 and followed up by a survey in 2014. Time series analyses were performed on monthly neonatal mortality data.Results: There were 30 187 live births and 480 neonatal deaths. The intervention reduced the neonatal mortality from 19.1 to 11.6 per 1000 live births. The reduction was sustained 3 years after the trial. The control areas reached a similar level at the time of follow-up. Time series decomposition analysis revealed a downward trend in the intervention areas during the trial that was not found in the control areas. Neonatal mortality peaked in the hot and wet summers.Conclusions: A community engagement intervention resulted in a lower neonatal mortality rate that was sustained but not further reduced after the end of the trial. When decomposing time series of neonatal mortality, a clear downward trend was demonstrated in intervention but not in control areas.Trial registration number: ISRCTN44599712, Post-results.
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| 45. |
- Fellman, Susanna, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Statlig stödpolitik till företagande och utvecklingen i mindre städer i Finland på 1960- och 70-talet
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk-historiska mötet, Stockholm 12-14 oktober 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under decennierna efter kriget idkades i Finland en omfattande regionalpolitik. En del av denna politik gick ut på att befrämja industrialisering även på mindre orter. Syftet var att åstadkomma en jämnare ekonomisk utveckling i hela landet, samtidigt som man strävade att få befolkningen att stanna kvar på dessa orter genom att skapa nya arbetstillfällen. Ett sätt var att bevilja stöd för att etablera små företag. På det sättet skulle man kunna bromsa den snabba utflyttningen och framförallt emigration ex. till Sverige. Samtidigt ägde en mera aktiv strävan att via transfereringar åstadkomma inkomstutjämning mellan tillväxtcentra och kommuner med svagare ekonomi. Denna typ av politik förekom självfallet i många andra länder, däribland Sverige, även om alla länder uppvisade sina särdrag, bl.a. beroende på ländernas industri- och näringslivsstruktur, men även dess politiska och sociala förhållanden. I detta paper kommer vi att studera framväxten av olika former av stöd till just egen- och småföretagande för att stöda nyetableringar på mindre orter i periferin. Vi kommer för det första att analysera syftet bakom denna politik och diskutera vad man antog att man kunde uppnå med dessa åtgärder. Dessutom kommer vi att kartlägga de olika stödformerna, vart de gick rent konkret (till vilken verksamhet, vilka branscher osv.) samt vilka effekter som man senare ansåg att man hade uppnått med dessa stödformer. Detta paper är framförallt explorativt till sin karaktär. Det kommer därför främst att bestå av en kartläggning av det institutionella ramverket och en sammanfattande genomgång av den information man får ut av existerande källor och tillgänglig statistik kring denna utveckling. Bilden kommer att kompletteras med en översikt över hur den finska industrin vid tiden placerade sig regionalt, samt den betydelse som man inom det ekonomiska och statistiska skrået fäste vid ekonomisk-geografiska förhållanden under denna tid. Vissa jämförande observationer till Sverige kommer också att göras. Papret är en del av en större studie av hur man i ett längre tidsperspektiv i Finland och Sverige sett på småföretag och deras roll för att skapa arbetsplatser och befrämja innovationer och ekonomisk utveckling.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Friman, Styrbjörn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Kidney transplantation--a 46-year experience from the Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical transplants. - 0890-9016. ; , s. 119-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limiting factor in organ transplantation is the availability of organs. Ongoing work to improve donation rates both at the public and the organizational level in donating hospitals is essential. We also think that encouragement of live donation is important, and the possibility of ABO incompatible transplantation has increased the number of LD transplantations. The one-year graft survival rate is excellent and focus has shifted towards achieving long-term results to reduce the attrition rate. There is also an increasing interest in studying and working to reduce comorbidities on a long-term basis and thus, improve survival rates and recipient quality of life.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Gunnarsson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Emergency presentation and socioeconomic status in colon cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 39:8, s. 831-836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Emergency presentation affects up to every fourth patient with colon cancer, and is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate any association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mode of presentation in colon cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Individually attained data on civil status, education and income were linked to quality registries for colon cancer in two large Swedish regions 1997-2006 (n = 12 293) and analyzed by logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, stage, region and socioeconomic variables.RESULTS:The frequency of emergency presentation was 23%; 27.8% among patients above the age of 80, and 20.0% among patients aged 70-79 (p < 0.001). There was no difference between men and women (22.6% vs. 23.8%; p = 0.1). Among patients with stage IV colon cancer, 34.6% presented as emergencies. Odds ratio for an emergency presentation in unmarried patients was 1.24 (96% CI 1.04-1.48), and for unmarried patients above the age of 80, OR was 1.45 (95% CI 0.98-2.13). Among patients below the age of 70 with compulsory education only, OR was 1.22 (95% CI 0.98-1.48). For patients within the lowest income quartile (Q1), OR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.04-1.49). This was most pronounced in men (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.40-1.72), in patients below the age of 70 (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.02-1.82), and above the age of 80 (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.00-1.98).CONCLUSION:Emergency presentation of colon cancer is consistently associated with socioeconomic factors, and this must be considered in efforts aimed at reducing the overall frequency of emergency cases.
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- Gunnarsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Emergency presentation of colon cancer is most frequent during summer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 13:6, s. 663-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The frequency of emergency colon cancer (ECC) was determined using a reproducible definition of 'emergency' to analyse the impact of mode of presentation on long-term prognosis and to search for risk factors for an emergency presentation. Method: All patients with colon cancer treated at one Swedish GDH between 1996 and 2005 (N = 604) were eligible. Patients admitted through the emergency room, operated on within three days and with an emergency condition confirmed at surgery were classified as ECC. Survival was analysed by Kaplan-Meier estimates and risk of death by Cox regression. Results: The rate of ECC was 97/585 (17%). Patients with ECC were older (median 77 vs 74, P = 0.02), they had more stage III and IV cancers (65% vs 47%; chi 2 = 9.4, P < 0.001) and had a cancer located in the caecum less often (20% vs 33%, chi 2 = 4.3 P = 0.04). ECC were most frequent between June and August (36%), whereas elective cases were evenly distributed throughout the year (chi 2 = 7.8; P = 0.049), Crude 5-year survival was 18% in ECC and 38% in the elective group (P < 0.001). The hazard ratio for death within five years in ECC, with 30-day mortality excluded and adjusted for age and sex was 2.25 (95% CI; 1.42-3.55). Conclusion: Emergency presentation of colon cancer is an independent and adverse risk factor for long-term survival. The causes of a seasonal variation need to be clarified.
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