| 1. |
- Conti, David, V, et al.
(author)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
- 2021
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
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| 2. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
Att upptäcka och återupptäcka klassisk sociologi
- 2022
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In: Sociologins klassiker : Upptäckter och återupptäckter - Upptäckter och återupptäckter. - 9789144141060 ; , s. 19-34
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sociologi är läran om samhället, om människan som social varelse, om hur individen relaterar till sig själv och till andra. Sociologin analyserar hur och på vilka villkor människan formar samhället och omvänt hur samhället och gruppen formar människan i tid och rum. Under 1800-talet utmejslades sociologin först som allmänt ämne och så småningom som en vetenskaplig disciplin vid universiteten med särskilda frågeställningar, teorier och metoder. Det är vid denna tid som den klassiska sociologin tar form. Boken ägnar ett tjugotal kapitel åt ett tjugotal klassiska sociologer, somliga etablerade som klassiker, andra som vi upptäcker som klassiker. Från Comte till Myrdal via Martineau, Marx, Tarde, Tönnies, Veblen, Cooper, Durkheim, Simmel, Gilman, Addams, Mead, Weber (Max), Du Bois, MacLean, Weber (Marianne), Mannheim, Lynd (Helen Merrell), Elias, Schütz.
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| 3. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
Charlotte Perkins Gilman: könsekonomisk sociologi
- 2022
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In: Sociologins klassiker : Upptäckter och återupptäckter - Upptäckter och återupptäckter. - 9789144141060 ; , s. 185-202
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman var en amerikansk författare, föreläsare ochdebattör. Hon är känd för att ha utarbetat en begreppsapparat kringdet vi i dag kallar genus, men hennes sociologi innefattar även ekonomisksociologi och kultursociologi. Hon vigde sitt liv åt offentlig sociologi,att göra sociologisk kunskap tillgänglig för allmänheten och varaen stark röst i det dåtida intellektuella samtalet i USA. Hon var en flitigtanlitad föreläsare på båda sidorna Atlanten och flera av hennes verköversattes snart till andra språk, däribland svenska. Gilman såg som sittkall att analysera och teoretisera kring de problem som stod i vägen fören mer jämställd och jämlik framtid. Hon var klarsynt och orädd, kritiskoch bitvis kontroversiell, och skrev på ett kvickt och stundtals dräpandesätt som skärper den sociologiska blicken.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Anqi, et al.
(author)
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Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants
- 2023
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:12, s. 2065-2074
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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| 5. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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A cross-sectional study addressing the importance of work and other everyday activities for well-being among people with mental illness: does additional vulnerability matter?
- 2021
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In: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 21:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Work and other everyday activities are beneficial for well-being among people with mental illness, but poor circumstances can create detrimental effects, possibly aggravated by additional vulnerabilities linked with their mental illness. This study aimed to investigate how activity factors were related to well-being and functioning among three vulnerable groups using outpatient mental health care - young people with psychosis, people with a history of substance use disorder (SUD), and immigrants with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - while controlling for vulnerability group, age and gender. Methods Participants represented the three types of vulnerability (n = 46/57/39). Data collection, using self-report and interviewer-rated questionnaires, concerned aspects of everyday activity (work experiences; views of the worker role; satisfaction with everyday occupations; activity level), well-being (quality of life: life and health; quality of life: environmental aspects; recovery) and functioning (psychosocial functioning; symptom severity). Spearman correlations and General Linear Modelling were used. Results Activity satisfaction was positive (p < 0.001) but recent work experience negative (p = 0.015) for the life and health aspect of quality of life. Activity satisfaction was positive for the environmental aspects of quality of life (p < 0.001). Resources for having a worker role (p < 0.001) and belief in having a future worker role (p = 0.007) were positively associated with better recovery. Activity level (p = 0.001) and resources for having a worker role (p = 0.004) showed positive associations with psychosocial functioning. Belief in a future worker role (p = 0.011) was related with symptom level. Women had less severe symptoms in the young group with psychosis. Regarding vulnerability group, young people with psychosis perceived better quality of life; those with a history of SUD had less severe psychiatric symptoms; and the recent immigrants with PTSD had the highest level of psychosocial functioning. Conclusion Work experience may not be conducive to well-being in itself; it is satisfaction with work and other activities that matters, and worker and employer expectations need alignment. No vulnerability group seemed consistently more disadvantaged regarding well-being and functioning, but the fact that differences existed is vital to acknowledge in activity-based rehabilitation. Inquiring about meaningful activities and providing opportunities for executing them would be a fruitful way of support.
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| 6. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Doing or Undoing Gender? An Explorative Study of Gender, Activities, and Wellbeing among People with Mental Illness Attending Day Centers in Sweden
- 2015
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In: Society and Mental Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 2156-8693 .- 2156-8731. ; 5:3, s. 218-233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explores gender, activity, and well-being among people with mental illness attending day centers in Sweden. Based on survey data of 215 attendees, this study applies the concepts of doing gender and regulatory regimes to analyze the relationship between being involved in gendered activities and wellbeing. The results show that while both male and female participants are involved in gender-neutral activities, men are less likely to engage in women-dominated (WD) activities while women are more prone to engage in men-dominated (MD) activities. Moreover, women involved in MD activities show a positive correlation with well-being, while the same does not hold for men engaging in WD activities. The study concludes that both women and men are ‘‘undoing’’ gender but that women also tend to ‘‘re-do’’ gender, suggesting that gendered regulatory regimes are more permissive to diversified feminist subjectivities than masculine subjectivities.
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| 7. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Gender in relation to work motivation, satisfaction and use of day center services among people with psychiatric disabilities
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 24:3, s. 214-221
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Day centres can prepare for open-market employment, and attendees’ work motivation is key in this. Aims: Adopting a gender perspective, this study investigated (1) motivation for day centre attendance, satisfaction with the day centre services, number of hours spent there, and number and type of occupations performed; and (2) whether those factors were related with motivation for open-market employment. Methods: Women (n = 164) and men (n = 160) with psychiatric disabilities completed self-report questionnaires. Results: There were no gender differences regarding satisfaction with the day centre services or number of hours spent there, but women engaged in more occupations. More women than men performed externally-oriented services and textile work, while men were in the majority in workshops. Externally oriented services, working in workshops, and low satisfaction with the day centre services were associated with higher motivation for employment. Women and men were equally motivated for employment. Women scored higher on motivation for attending the day centre, something that may deter transition into open-market employment. For men, less motivation for attending day centres may reduce their possibilities of gaining skills that can facilitate transitioning to open-market employment. Conclusion: Thus, the possibility for transitioning from day centre activities to open-market employment may be gendered.
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| 8. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Work experiences, resources, and beliefs among vulnerable subgroups of mental health care users
- 2021
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In: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 70:1, s. 125-134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: People with mental illness may have difficulties related to work and employment, especially if they experience additional difficult life situations.OBJECTIVE: To explore how subgroups with mental illness and additional adversities perceived their situation with respect to work and employment prospects.METHODS: Three subgroups were included, exposed to an additional difficult life situation: i) psychosis interrupting their career development at young age (n = 46), ii) having a history of substance use disorder (SUD) (= 57) or iii) having recently immigrated (n = 39). They responded to questionnaires addressing sociodemographics, work-related factors, everyday activity, and well-being. A professional assessed their level of functioning and symptom severity.RESULTS: The young people with psychosis had a low education level, little work experience, the poorest worker role resources, and a low level of functioning, but a high quality of life. The SUD group had the fewest work experiences, were the least satisfied with work experiences, and had the lowest activity level, but had the least severe psychiatric symptoms. The immigrant group had severe psychiatric symptoms, but high ratings on work experiences, work resources, and activity level.CONCLUSIONS: Each group presented unique assets and limitations pertaining to work and employment, suggesting that they also needed unique support measures.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension
- 2017
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In: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
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| 11. |
- Attané, Isabelle, et al.
(author)
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Being a single man in rural China
- 2018
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In: Population and Societies. - 0184-7783. ; :557, s. 1-4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Those who are single in rural China are almost exclusively men. The presence of excess men in the population combines with internal migration and women's quest for upward social mobility through marriage to explain this phenomenon. The DefiChine survey sheds light on the situation of single men in three rural districts of Shaanxi. One of its findings is that, although the shortage of women does create competition between men looking for a wife, the social and economic dimensions of male singlehood cannot be ignored.
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| 12. |
- Attané, Isabelle, et al.
(author)
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Gender Attitudes among “Involuntary” Bachelors and Married Men in Disadvantaged and High Sex Ratio Settings : - A Study in Rural Shaanxi, China
- 2018
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In: Asian Women. - : Research Institute of Asian Women. - 1225-925X. ; 34:3, s. 1-28
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compared to class relations, gender relations in high sex ratio contexts are understudied. Drawing on data from a survey conducted in rural southern Shaanxi, China, in 2014–2015, this article aims to assess if the section of the never-married male population who wishes to marry but face difficulties in achieving this goal is more or less gender equal in their attitudes than married men and, if so, in what aspects. Results provide further evidence that the role of the husband as the main economic support of the family and that of the wife, centered on the domestic sphere, remain firmly rooted in attitudes. However, the same results indicate that men who are squeezed out of marriage are not only the least endowed in socioeconomic capital but are also more likely than married men to confine women to their roles as wives and mothers; the “involuntary” bachelors report more conservative gender attitudes than their married counterparts mainly because they are less educated, more conservative with respect to other norms, and not exposed to marital life. All things being equal, marriage tends to make men more gender equal. In parallel, the involuntary bachelors make more demands on women’s economic contribution to the household; this sheds light on the stratifying effect of marriage as the marriage-squeezed men seek to escape poverty through marriage.
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| 13. |
- Attané, Isabelle, et al.
(author)
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Understanding Bachelorhood in Povertystricken and High Sex Ratio Settings : An Exploratory Study in Rural Shaanxi, China
- 2019
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In: China Quarterly. - 1468-2648. ; 240, s. 990-1017
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coupled with the social practice of female hypergamy, the male surplus within the never-married population means that today’s Chinese marriage market is extremely tight in particular for men from a rural background and the least privileged socio-economic categories. Drawing on quantitative data from a survey conducted in 2014–2015, this article sheds light on the situation of single men who are past prime marriage age in three rural districts of Shaanxi particularly affected by this phenomenon. It compares single men’s characteristics to those of their married counterparts and offers insights intothe heterogeneity of single men with the aim of challenging some commonlyaccepted assumptions about bachelorhood in rural China. Results suggest astrong internalization of the various characteristics, centred on being able tooffer social mobility to a potential wife, that a man is expected to have to be attractive to women in a context where women have more choice in mate selection. We conclude that mate selection is highly marked by class, social norms, social interactions, health, generation and age, and requires the mobilization of certain amounts of individual, social and economic resources. Unwanted bachelorhood would thus be better understood using an intersectional approach rather than mainly in numeric terms.
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| 14. |
- Barnes, Philippa, 1990-
(author)
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When processes collide : leadership, legitimacy and liberation in Palestine
- 2019
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Palestinian national movement leadership has long been intertwined with thecontext of the national movement processes – liberation, peace and statebuilding. Over time, as these processes have not come to fruition, the numerousleadership groups have had to negotiate their relationships with these processesas both the groups and processes increasingly overlap, creating significantobservable points of tension within Palestinian politics. There are currentlymultiple levels of leadership across the national movement: two representativegoverning institutions – the Palestine Liberation Organisation and thePalestinian Authority; two dominant political movements – Fatah and Hamas;and numerous popular resistance initiatives such as the Boycott, Divestment andSanctions movement coalition that has different levels of endorsement (or lackof) by the other leaderships. This thesis seeks to map the Palestinian nationalliberation movement leadership, examining the inter-relations between themultiple leadership groups and internal (i.e. intra-Palestinian) legitimacies.Examining the internal legitimacies of the Palestinian leaderships results in anexpansion of how internal legitimacy can be conceptualised. For the historicalperiod (1958-2008) analysed, I found revolutionary, representative,oppositional, institutional, democratic and moral legitimacy types within thePalestinian case. Furthermore, these were all attributed to respective nationalmovement processes. Analysing the recent period (2016-2017) requires the useof a relational approach to further develop understandings of legitimacy. Thisapproach transforms legitimacy into a process of (de)legitimisation, whichinteracts with the national movement processes and helps us capture and analysethe complexities of the Palestinian case – that of concurrent, multiple andcontending perspectives. I found the continuation of the liberation and statebuilding processes as simultaneous bases of legitimisation to be a critical point oftension within the tandem legitimisation-delegitisimation process. Engaging arelational approach demonstrated the need for ongoing leadershipreconstruction. I conclude that, in order to negotiate the interactions andcontestations between the multiple and dynamic processes that underlielegitimacy, leaderships face an ultimatum of ‘reconstruct or delegitimise’. WherePalestinian leadership groups have stagnated and not engaged with a process ofreconstruction, we see processes of delegitimisation arising that can explain thecurrent leadership complexities within the Palestinian national movement.
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| 15. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(author)
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Auguste Comte — positiv sociologi
- 2022
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In: Sociologins klassiker: Upptäckter och återupptäckter. - 9789144141060 ; , s. 35-50
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Auguste Comte var inflytelserik i stora delar av världen under 1800- talet och hans bidrag till sociologin är större än vad som i dag vanligen erkänns. Han var den förste som samtidigt tog samhället som studie- objekt och krävde systematiska empiriska studier av sociala fenomen. Influerad av dåtidens naturvetenskapliga syn på objektivitet, rationa- lism, orsak och verkan introducerade han idén om vetenskaplig metod i samhällsvetenskaperna, men han lade även grunden till sociologins samhällsförbättrande ambition. Hans viktigaste teoretiska bidrag till sociologin var hans fokus på sociala relationer, organisering och struk- turer – i dag disciplinära grundbultar – samt hans vetenskapliga försök att förstå och förklara samhällsförändring.
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| 16. |
- Edling, Christofer, et al.
(author)
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Max Weber – rationalitet och social handling
- 2022
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In: Sociologins klassiker : Upptäckter och återupptäckter - Upptäckter och återupptäckter. - 9789144141060 ; , s. 235-250
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Patient throughput times and inflow patterns in Swedish emergency departments. A basis for ANSWER, A National SWedish Emergency Registry
- 2011
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 19
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Quality improvement initiatives in emergency medicine (EM) often suffer from a lack of benchmarking data on the quality of care. The objectives of this study were twofold: 1. To assess the feasibility of collecting benchmarking data from different Swedish emergency departments (EDs) and 2. To evaluate patient throughput times and inflow patterns. Method: We compared patient inflow patterns, total lengths of patient stay (LOS) and times to first physician at six Swedish university hospital EDs in 2009. Study data were retrieved from the hospitals' computerized information systems during single on-site visits to each participating hospital. Results: All EDs provided throughput times and patient presentation data without significant problems. In all EDs, Monday was the busiest day and the fewest patients presented on Saturday. All EDs had a large increase in patient inflow before noon with a slow decline over the rest of the 24 h, and this peak and decline was especially pronounced in elderly patients. The average LOS was 4 h of which 2 h was spent waiting for the first physician. These throughput times showed a considerable diurnal variation in all EDs, with the longest times occurring 6-7 am and in the late afternoon. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the feasibility of collecting benchmarking data on quality of care targets within Swedish EM, and form the basis for ANSWER, A National SWedish Emergency Registry.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Children's rights and gender equality in Swedish parenting support: policy and practice
- 2021
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In: Journal of Family Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1322-9400 .- 1839-3543. ; 27:1, s. 32-47
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this article is to explore how ‘children's rights’ and ‘gender equality’ are articulated in parenting support policies in Sweden, and how these policies are enacted in practice with respect to the two perspectives mentioned. The analysis builds on key policy documents and interviews with civil servants working on parenting support on local, regional and national levels. The results show that despite national ambitions to enhance and achieve gender equality among parents, gender equality are downplayed in local settings. Important reasons are to be found in a lack of concrete strategies and instructions how to work with gender equality perspectives in cooperation with children's rights perspectives, but also the different interpretations of gender equality and ‘good parenting’ made by the civil servants.
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| 22. |
- Eklund, Lisa
(author)
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Filial Daughter? Filial Son? How China’s Young Urban Elite Negotiate Intergenerational Obligations
- 2018
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In: NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-8740 .- 1502-394X. ; 26:4, s. 295-295
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article deploys narrative method to explore how young adults in China enrolled in higher education negotiate future intergenerational obligations. The study finds that the process through which filial piety is being renegotiated is complex and sometimes contradictory, and norms and values do not always align with practices, as intergenerational obligations need to be managed in tandem with obligations envisioned towards future spouses, as well as work opportunities. Although no longer explicitly son-centred, the intergenerational contract is highly gendered, and patrilineality and patrilocality have not simply become attenuated through some general process of modernization. Rather, there are many ways in which they have become renegotiated, revealing both continuity and change in intergenerational relations. The article illustrates ways in which both patrilineality and patrilocality—whether endorsed, resisted, or negotiated—are still important organizing principles for how intergenerational relations play out. It introduces the concept of “neo-patrilocality” to denote the practice of families channelling resources along the patriline to organize housing for sons in order to enhance their prospect of getting married and having children, a central aspect of filial piety. While filial sons may be involved in more complex relations of reciprocity due to both cultural imperatives and material investments, filial daughters appear to have more leeway in negotiating intergenerational relations. This may reflect a watered-down, but still implicit, understanding that daughters and grandchildren by daughters are outside of the lineage. It seems that, for filial daughters, the parent–adult-child relation is both more intense and more central to filial piety, while for filial sons, intergenerational relations extend beyond the parent–child relation—to grandparents and future children—more than they do for young women. The article concludes that gender relations and intergenerational relations interact and mutually reinforce one another, and that there are differences in class. Patrilineality and neo-patrilocality were more central for affluent and poorer families than for families belonging to the middle class.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Gender and international crisis response: Do we have the data, and does it matter?
- 2012
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In: Disasters. - : Wiley. - 1467-7717 .- 0361-3666. ; 36:4, s. 589-608
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedFor more than a decade the humanitarian community has been mandated to mainstream gender in its response to crises. One element of this mandate is a repeated call for sex-disaggregated data to help guide the response. This study examines available analyses, assessments and academic literature to gain insights into whether sex-disaggregated data are generated, accessible and utilised, and appraised what can be learned from existing data. It finds that there is a gap between policy and practice. Evaluations of humanitarian responses rarely refer to data by sex, and there seems to be little accountability to do so. Yet existing data yield important information, pointing at practical, locally-specific measures to reduce the vulnerability of both males and females. This complements population-level studies noting the tendency for higher female mortality. The study discusses some possible obstacles for the generation of data and hopes to spur debate on how to overcome them.
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| 25. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Gender and reform, getting the right data right
- 2007
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In: Forced Migration Review. - 1460-9819. ; 29, s. 42-44
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- The article discusses the importance of data by sex in order to promote and advocate for gender mainstreaming into humanitarian assistance. It points at some of the weaknesses in data collection and management and makes recommendations on how to get the right data right.
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| 26. |
- Eklund, Lisa
(author)
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Gender Roles and Female Labour Migration —A Qualitative Field Study of Female Migrant Workers in Beijing
- 2000
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Based on in-depth interviews with single and married rural women working as temporary migrants in Beijing, this thesis explores motives for migration, as well as consequences of migration on women with regard to social status and their status as dughters, wives and mothers. The thesis concludes that customs regarding marriage and child-bearing in the home villages of the migrants contribute to their wish to leave the countryside. Moreover, in addition to moving to the city to find a job, single migrant women often hope to find a partner, and thereby the destinction between labour and marital migration is blurred. Experiences of migration contributing to shifting migrant women's ideals and aspirations for future husbands. However, due to conflictig norms between their families, themselves and their home communities as well as their subordinate status as "rural migrants" in the city makes their chances at the "marriage market" look dim.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Gouverner en tant que pairs (governing as peers) : experts réticents et parents compétents au sein de l’État-providence suédois
- 2020
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In: Lien social et Politiques. - 1703-9665. ; :85, s. 128-128
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, parenting support has gained traction in the Swedish welfare state in both policy and practice. Parenting is seen as determining child outcomes and are thus in need of knowledge and expertise. Yet, at the same time, parents are conceptualised as experts of their own child. The intriguing paradox between parents being experts while at the same time being in need of parenting support is the topic of this article. Based on interviews with parenting support actors, we identify that parenting support actors are “reluctant expert”, keen to respect the autonomy of parents and careful not to appear paternalistic. However, according to the parenting support actors interviewed in this study, suppressing the expert role can also be a strategy to attract more parents and to foster the self-realisation of the “competent parent”. It is argued that the “reluctant expert” and the “competent parent” can only be understood if parenting support practices are viewed as a form of micro-technologies for governing parents within a neoliberal frame, emphasising indirect and horizontal steering of parenthood and families. We propose to conceptualise this as “governing as peers”. Typical for the neoliberal frame is also that both problems and solutions are identified at the individual and family level, rather than the structural level, which infers a responsibilisation of parents.
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| 29. |
- Eklund, Lisa
(author)
-
How can Asian Encounters help expose blind spots in sociological research?
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- How can Asian Encounters help expose blind spots in sociological research? During its 27th biannual conference, the Nordic Sociological Association (NSA) hosted the panel discussion Asian Encounters – Exposing or creating blind spots? Building on the theme of the conference – Exploring blind spots, the panel discussed the drawbacks and merits of studying Asia, as well as encounters between Asia and the Nordic countries. With the purpose of spurring interest and also provide some hands-on insights and experiences informing and inspiring more research on Asia the panel discussed: What can we learn from Asia and what can Asia learn from us? Can the study of Asia reveal insights about our own societies and vice versa? Or do we by applying “Western” theory in the study of Asian societies create blind spots and thereby fail to understand social change in those societies? The panel was organized and chaired by Lisa Eklund, Department of Sociology, Lund University, and consisted of Hilda Roemer Christensen, Copenhagen University, Ravinder Kaur, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Cecilia Milwertz, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, and Wang Feng, University of California, Irvine. Roemer Christensen suggested that the endeavor of exposing blind spots in how we understand the “West” and the “East” may be more successful by applying theoretical concepts, rather than applying full-fledged theories, which may risk creating blind spots rather than revealing them. By comparing China and Denmark she gave examples of how she had come to understand Denmark differently, particularly with regards to how the past shapes the present, and how dichotomies can be bridged. Kaur made a strong case for comparative sociology, suggesting there is an urgent need to look beyond nation states, where comparison may indeed be more fruitful along domains and not nation states. She suggested time is ripe for asking “How Other is the Other?”, and also called for more comparison within Asia, where for example China and India have much to learn from comparing and contrasting different phenomena and practices along lines of class, space, gender and education. As argued by Milwertz, there is also a need to recognize the inseparability of “West” and “East”, and to understand how practices, policies and technology evolve in in separate and interdependent ways. Rather than studying separate geopolitical entities, there is a need to acknowledge the inseparability of for examples consumers and producers in East and West. Taking the example of the population policy in China, Wang also drew attention to how knowledge has evolved in dynamics ways between East and West, in this case with regards to the relationship between population and development. Endorsing Kaur’s call for comparative sociology, Wang also proposed the need for historical sociology, reinforcing Roemer Christensen’s point about the importance of the past for understanding the present. Wang also pointed at the many global trends, including migration and varieties of capitalism, which need to be studied in comparative perspectives, both across time and space. He also argued for the possibility of comparing countries with small and large populations, and with different levels of economic development, something which indeed is done in many other disciplines. The panellists agreed on the importance for sociology to embrace interdisciplinary perspectives when studying social change across societies, various groups and domains.
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| 30. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Indien och Kina - kapitalismens triumf?
- 2004
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In: Kinarapport. - 0345-5807. ; :4 Apans År - Film, s. 77-81
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Över två generationer har Indien och Kina förändrats från slumrande jättar med stora problem till snabbt uppvaknande kontinenter med långtgående anspråk på en plats i världspolitiken och den globala ekonomin. Deras snabbt skiftande situation har naturligtvis förändrat våra bilder dramatiskt och med dem vad vi tror oss veta om utvecklingens drivkrafter i den moderna världen. Frågan är dock om vi verkligen förstått innebörden i denna utveckling. Lundasociologerna Lisa Eklund och Staffan Lindberg reflekterar här över vad som egentligen hänt.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Eklund, Lisa
(author)
-
Marriage squeeze and mate selection – Analysing the ecology of choice and implications for social policy in China
- 2013
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In: Economic and Political Weekly. - 0012-9976. ; 48:35, s. 62-69
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The marriage squeeze in China, whereby the sex ratio imbalance leaves many males without a marriage partner, is not only about numbers, but also about how the institution of marriage is socially, economically, and politically underpinned. This paper uses the concept of ecology of choice in mate selection to demonstrate how different social processes and practices have ramifications on who can marry, who they can marry, and under what circumstances. It points to the historical and cultural practices of patrilineage, hypergamy, and concubinage, which contributed to a marriage squeeze long before the sex ratio at birth became an issue. It also examines how the policies of the Chinese Communist Party have affected social institutions related to marriage, reinforcing the marriage squeeze, and discusses the implications of this.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Parenting, Family Policy and Gender
- 2019
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In: Gendered Dimensions of Welfare in China and the Nordic Region - Feminist transformations, visions and recommendations. ; , s. 8-9
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Eklund, Lisa
(author)
-
Rethinking Son Preference : Gender, Population Dynamics and Social Change in the People’s Republic of China
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation explores how son preference is constructed and renegotiated in light of social change in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Based on secondary sources and interviews with women and men in rural Anhui Province as well as key informants, it addresses son preference from conceptual, methodological, empirical and ideological perspectives. The analysis centres around son preference understood as a social institution that is both gendered/sexed and has intergenerational characteristics. The dissertation suggests that in the PRC, son preference is a “double sensitive” issue to study as it has become politically incorrect due to the Care for Girls Campaign, and as it is often perceived by government officials as easily leading to criticising the population policy. It proposes that there are two main approaches to studying son preference, namely the outcome approach, which focuses on how son preference manifests itself, and the causal approach, which zooms in on different factors underpinning the institution of son preference. It argues that accounts about the scope and prevalence of son preference are often informed by an outcome approach, where sex ratio at birth (SRB) imbalance is typically regarded as a proxy indicator of son preference. However, the dissertation challenges the usefulness of using SRB as a proxy indicator and suggests that when put in relation to fertility rates, SRB can be used to model “son compulsion”, which denotes that parents want to give birth to at least one son and take action in order to meet that goal. However, as demonstrated, there is no direct link between son compulsion and the institution of son preference, since son compulsion can be triggered by what is termed the “supply-factor”, i.e. that prenatal sex-selection is becoming more available and morally and socially acceptable. When adopting a causal approach, it becomes clear that the institution of son preference is being renegotiated through a dynamic process of individual and structural factors, which are anchored in a society that is becoming increasingly commercialised and individualised, and which is marked by low fertility levels, an ageing population and large flows of rural-urban migration. Still, due to ideological reasons related to the population policy, the role of the Chinese Communist Party in disciplining social order and ideas about modernity, son preference is often depicted in both official and popular discourses as something essentially “traditional”, “rural”, “backward” and “feudal”. In reality, however, son preference is becoming renegotiated in ways which blur the divide between “rural” and “urban”, and “traditional” and “modern”.
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| 39. |
- Eklund, Lisa
(author)
-
Son Preference Reconfigured? A Qualitative Study of Migration and Social Change in Four Chinese Villages
- 2015
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In: The China Quarterly. - 1468-2648. ; 224, s. 1026-1047
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Drawing from ethnographic data from 48 households in four villages in rural Anhui, this study explores how two practices known for upholding son preference are affected by rural–urban out-migration, with a particular focus on the division of labour in agricultural work and patrilocality. The study deploys the concepts of an intergenerational contract and the “unsubstitutability” of sons and finds that a weakening of the intergenerational contract can take place without substantially challenging the unsubstitutability of sons. The study concludes that although male out-migration undermines the argument that sons are needed to secure male manual labour in family farming, the vital role of male labour as a rural livelihood strategy largely persists. Moreover, although the study identifies migration-induced exceptions, patrilocality remains the main organizing principle for social and economic life for both male and female migrants. Hence, the study finds little support for the prospect that migration is attenuating son preference in rural China.
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| 40. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
The Bio-Politics of Population Control and Sex Selective Abortion in China and India
- 2017
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In: Feminism and Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-3535 .- 1461-7161. ; 27:1, s. 34-55
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- China and India, two countries with skewed sex ratios in favor of males, have introduced a wide range of policies over the past few decades to prevent couples from deselecting daughters, including criminalizing sex-selective abortion through legal jurisdiction. This article aims to analyze how such policies are situated within the bio-politics of population control and how some of the outcomes reflect each government’s inadequacy in addressing the social dynamics around abortion decision making and the social, physical, and psychological effects on women’s wellbeing in the face of criminalization of sex-selective abortion. The analysis finds that overall, the criminalization of sex selection has not been successful in these two countries. Further, the broader economic, social, and cultural dynamics which produce bias against females must be a part of the strategy to combat sex selection, rather than a narrow criminalization of abortion which endangers women’s access to safe reproductive health services and their social, physical, and psychological wellbeing.
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| 41. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
The moral imperative of children’s academic excellence: Tensions and contradictions in Chinese middle-class parenting styles
- 2023
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It is well documented that Chinese parents invest enormous amounts of time, resources and emotions in their children’s education, as if a life worthwhile is a life where education and self-cultivation is at the fore. Taking part in and excelling in educational activities is a moral imperative that marks childhood, whereby achieving in school is not only an act of filial piety, but also a patriotic deed, where the good-student-subject contributes to the advancement of the nation. Educational desire, seen across China and other East Asian societies, feeds off and contributes to an intrinsic web of subjects and public and private institutions that govern themselves as much as they are governed by the state. One key set of actors, subsumed in this web, is parents who both set goals and aspirations for their children’s academic achievement, and manage, support and coach their children in achieving these goals, often with the help of tutors and extra-curricular schools. This paper explores some of the tensions and contradictions in Chinese middle-class parenting styles aiming at academic excellence on part of their young children. Drawing on fieldwork in Beijing, Shanghai and Singapore, various norms and practices are delineated, pointing at tensions and contradictions of the moral imperative of children’s academic excellence. As we show, these tensions cannot be understood without taking into account aspirations for social mobility and intergenerational relations on the one hand, and concerns over (mental) health and wellbeing and the moral imperative of being a good parent on the other hand.
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| 42. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
The sex ratio question and the unfolding of a moral panic? : Notions of power, choice and self in mate selection among women and men in higher education in China
- 2018
-
In: Scarce women and surplus men in China and India : Macro Demographics versus Local Dynamics - Macro Demographics versus Local Dynamics. - 9783319632742 ; , s. 105-125
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Young adults have largely been absent in previous research on consequences of high sex ratios in China and few studies have zoomed in on those belonging to the higher strata of the population. With the purpose of contributing to filling this gap, this study investigates what implications sex ratio imbalance has for mate selection strategies and practices among young adults aged 19–24 in higher education in China. Being qualitative in nature, the chapter problematizes notions of power, choice and self in mate selection. The study finds that the sex ratio question has contributed to new social risk, and the fear of being leftover has unfolded into a moral panic. With universal marriage as a norm, both women and men studied fear being subject to a marriage squeeze. Contrary to the dyadic power thesis, the study finds that women in higher education did not experience an advantage in mate selection despite their shortage. Reasons for this include elaborate criteria for the ideal spouse, gendered dating scripts and confined social circles. The risk of being “leftover” further makes both young men and women as well as their parents aware of the remote consequences of choice, which may instigate intentions of early timing of marriage, as well as hypergamous norms, as further fuelled by the construction of the “utilitarian woman” in media and popular discourse. The chapter concludes that by being constantly reminded of the risk of being “leftover”, marriage as a norm is further intensified among young adults.
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| 43. |
- Eklund, Lisa
(author)
-
Time to ditch courtesy titles that discriminate
- 2006
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In: China Daily.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- The news article discusses changes in courtesy titles for women and men and how this reflects a change in gender structures in China over the past 50 years.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Eklund, Rikard, 1966, et al.
(author)
-
Assessing non-technical methods for transferring tacit knowledge in safety-critical systems: a study on maritime pilot training
- 2022
-
In: INTED 2022 Proceedings. - : IATED. - 9788409377589 ; V-224-2022, s. 9908-9914
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A safety-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction will have serious consequences and typically include, healthcare, aerospace, naval operations, nuclear or process industries, and military systems. Safety-critical systems also show a high level of automation and are to a high degree dependent on tacit knowledge embedded within the workforce. It is important to an organization to find methods to manage tacit knowledge transfer and thereby establishing resilience over time. Maritime pilotage is a safety-critical segment of the maritime industry to assure safe, economic, and sustainable naval operations. During the maritime pilot training the maritime pilot student acquires trade specific skills, often in the shape of tacit knowledge, primarily when interacting with other more experienced maritime pilots. The purpose of this study is to improve the maritime pilot training to mitigate increasing requirements of safe, economical, and environmentally sustainable shipping operations. The aim of the study was to locate, catch, crystallise, document, and describe non-technical methods of tacit knowledge transfer during the different elements of the maritime pilot training. This study is a mixed-method study, based on observations, interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis. In total, 21 participants were included in the study, consisting of maritime pilot students, less experienced but licensed maritime pilots, and highly experienced master maritime pilots. The results show that a substantial amount of tacit knowledge transfer occurs during on-the-job activities. Such activities are predominantly taking place in social settings and are not consistently documented or systematically utilized within the organization.
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| 49. |
- Eklund, Rikard, 1966, et al.
(author)
-
From tacit knowledge to visual expertise: Eye-tracking support in maritime education and training
- 2020
-
In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 1211 AISC, s. 269-275, s. 269-275
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The maritime pilot is an expert with knowledge on a specific navi- gational route. The maritime pilot cadet undergoes maritime education and training in classrooms, onboard vessels and in simulators. Developing visual expertise is a basic objective. Transferring knowledge from experienced mar- itime pilots to maritime pilot cadets is challenging since some of this knowledge is tacit. The transference is achieved by externalization and socialization pro- cesses. The objective of this pre-study was to assess eye-tracking methodology as a tool to support maritime education and training, and for transferring tacit knowledge. The study was performed in an explorative way during simulator sessions, by interviews, questionnaires and observations. The result shows that eye-tracking methodology is useful for transferring tacit knowledge in simulator settings, but not during other parts of the education and training. The results also show that situational awareness of maritime pilot instructors and maritime pilot cadets increases when utilizing eye-tracking methodology.
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| 50. |
- Eklund, Rikard, 1966, et al.
(author)
-
On the Design of a Head Up Display Solution to Facilitate Time-controlled Aircraft Taxi-operations
- 2012
-
In: NES2012, the 44th Annual International Nordic Ergonomics and Human Factors Society Conference, 19-22 August, 2012, Saltsjöbaden, Stockholm, Sweden.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Graphical display-support designed as a navigational aid during taxi with aircrafts has been introduced to minimize the risk of incidents and accidents as well as decreasing fuel consumption. Electronic airport maps, datalink and display-technology such as Head-Up Displays (HUDs) provide support to pilots. Means to provide graphical display-support for time-controlled taxi is however lacking. Four display-solutions were developed to assist pilots during time-controlled taxi. These four display-solutions were evaluated during usability tests resulting in a preferred speed-tape graphical HUD solution with alpha-numerical information redundancy.
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