| 1. |
- Englund, Ulrica, et al.
(author)
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The use of a recombinant lentiviral vector for ex vivo gene transfer into the rat CNS
- 2000
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In: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 11:18, s. 3973-3977
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major obstacle in ex vivo gene transfer has been the loss of transgene expression soon after implantation of the grafted transduced cells. Recently, a lentiviral vector system has been developed which has proven to express high levels of transgenes in vivo after direct injection into the tissue. In this study, we have investigated the use of such a vector for ex vivo gene transfer to the brain. A number of neural cell types were found to be permissive to transduction by the lentiviral vector in vitro and a majority of them expressed the transgene after transplantation to the rat brain. Transgene expression was detected up to 8 weeks post-grafting. These findings suggest that recombinant lentiviral vectors may be used for further development of ex vivo gene therapy protocols to the CNS.
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| 2. |
- Ericson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Ex vivo and in vitro studies of transgene expression in rat astrocytes transduced with lentiviral vectors.
- 2002
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In: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 173:1, s. 22-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Implantation of cells genetically modified to express therapeutic genes into the brain has been proposed as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study embryonic rat-derived astrocytes were cultured and transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing the reporter gene green fluorescent protein (GFP) and subsequently grafted into the adult rat brain. The proportion of GFP expressing cells was stable, albeit small (1%), at all survival times, up to 6 weeks, the longest time point studied. In parallel in vitro studies, the astrocytes were lentivirally transduced to express either one of the two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD(65) or GAD(67)) or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). When transducing 293T cells with the two GAD vectors, released GABA could be measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Further studies of rat astrocytes transduced with the same vectors resulted in a level of GAD activity about 10 times higher than the activity of an intact rat striatum. One hundred thousand astrocytes transduced with LV-GDNF released approximately 27 ng of GDNF per hour. Thus, taken together, our observations provide support for the use of rat astrocytes in ex vivo gene transfer of these proteins in animal models of CNS disorders, e.g., Parkinson's disease or epilepsy.
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| 3. |
- Ericson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Ex vivo gene delivery of GDNF using primary astrocytes transduced with a lentiviral vector provides neuroprotection in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
- 2005
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In: European Journal of Neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 1460-9568 .- 0953-816X. ; 22:11, s. 2755-2764
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Astrocytes are, as normal constituents of the brain, promising vehicles for ex vivo gene delivery to the central nervous system. In the present study, we have used a lentiviral vector encoding glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to transduce rat-derived primary astrocytes, in order to evaluate their potential for long-term transgene expression in vivo and neuroprotection in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Following transplantation of GDNF-transduced astrocytes to the intact striatum, the level of released GDNF was 2.93 +/- 0.28 ng/mg tissue at 1 week post-grafting, reduced to 0.42 +/- 0.12 ng/mg tissue at 4 weeks, and thereafter was maintained at this level throughout the experiment (12 weeks; 0.53 +/- 0.068 ng/mg tissue). Similarly, grafting to the substantia nigra (SN) resulted in a significant overexpression of GDNF ( approximately 0.20 ng/mg tissue) at 1 week. Intact animals receiving transplants of GDNF-transduced astrocytes displayed an increased contralateral turning (5.39 +/- 1.19 turns/min) in the amphetamine-induced rotation test, which significantly correlated with the GDNF tissue levels measured in the striatum, indicating a stimulatory effect of GDNF on the dopaminergic function. Transplantation of GDNF-transduced astrocytes to the SN 1 week prior to an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion provided a significant protection of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. By contrast, when the cells were transplanted to the striatum, the level of released GDNF was not sufficient to rescue the striatal fibers and, hence, to protect the nigral dopaminergic neurons. Overall, our results suggest that genetically modified astrocytes expressing GDNF can provide neuroprotection in a rat model of Parkinson's disease following transplantation to the SN.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Georgievska, Biljana, et al.
(author)
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Regulated delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor into rat striatum, using a tetracycline-dependent lentiviral vector.
- 2004
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In: Human Gene Therapy. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1043-0342 .- 1557-7422. ; 15:10, s. 934-944
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, a tetracycline-regulated lentiviral vector system, based on the tetracycline-dependent transactivator rtTA2S-M2, was developed for controlled expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the rat brain. Expression of the marker gene green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GDNF was tightly regulated in a dose-dependent manner in neural cell lines in vitro. Injection of high-titer lentiviral vectors into the rat striatum resulted in a 7-fold induction of GDNF tissue levels (1060 pg/mg tissue), when doxycycline (a tetracycline analog) was added to the drinking water. However, low levels of GDNF (150 pg/mg tissue) were also detected in animals that did not receive doxycycline, indicating a significant background leakage from the vector system in vivo. The level of basal expression was markedly reduced when a 10-fold lower dose of the tetracycline-regulated GDNF vector was injected into the striatum (3–11 pg/mg tissue), and doxycycline- induced GDNF tissue levels obtained in these animals were about 190 pg/mg tissue. Doxycycline-induced expression of GDNF resulted in a significant downregulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the intact striatum. Removal of doxycycline from the drinking water rapidly (within 3 days) turned off transgenic GDNF mRNA expression and GDNF protein levels in the tissue were completely reduced by 2 weeks, demonstrating the dynamics of the system in vivo. Accordingly, TH protein expression returned to normal by 2–8 weeks after removal of doxycycline, indicating that GDNF-induced downregulation of TH is a reversible event.
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| 6. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Lentiviral vectors.
- 2003
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In: International Review of Neurobiology. - 0074-7742. ; 55, s. 111-122
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Research review (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Lesion-dependent regulation of transgene expression in the rat brain using a human glial fibrillary acidic protein-lentiviral vector.
- 2004
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In: European Journal of Neuroscience. - 1460-9568. ; 19:3, s. 761-765
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ability to regulate transgene expression will be crucial for development of gene therapy to the brain. The most commonly used systems are based on a transactivator in combination with a drug, e.g. the tetracycline-regulated system. Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. We constructed a lentiviral vector that directs transgene expression to astrocytes. Using toxin-induced lesions we investigated to what extent transgene expression could be regulated in accordance with the activation of the endogenous GFAP gene. In animals receiving excitotoxic lesions of the striatum we detected an eightfold increase of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells. The vast majority of these cells did not divide, suggesting that the transgene was indeed regulated in a similar fashion as the endogenous GFAP gene. This finding will lead to the development of lentiviral vectors with autoregulatory capacities that may be very useful for gene therapy to the brain.
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| 8. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Targeted transgene expression in rat brain using lentiviral vectors.
- 2003
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In: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : Wiley. - 1097-4547 .- 0360-4012. ; 73:6, s. 876-885
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Direct gene transfer to the adult brain is dependent on vectors that transduce non-dividing cells, such as lentiviral vectors. Another aspect of the development of gene therapy to the brain is the need for cell-specific transgene expression. Expression from vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein (VSV-G) pseudotyped lentiviral vectors has been reported to be mainly neuron specific in the brain. We constructed cell-specific lentiviral vectors using the neuron-specific enolase (rNSE) or the glial fibrillary acidic protein (hGFAP) promoters and compared them to the ubiquitous human cytomegalovirus promoter (hCMV), a hybrid CMV/-actin promoter (CAG) and the promoter for human elongation factor 1 (EF1). Our results showed that the hGFAP promoter was expressed only in glial cells, whereas rNSE was purely neuron specific, showing that VSV-G is pantropic in the rat striatum. We conclude that the VSV-G allows transduction of both glial and neuronal cells and the promoter dictates in what cell type the transgene will be expressed. The expression of transgenes exclusively in astrocytes would allow for local delivery of secreted transgene products, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), circumventing the anterograde transport that may induce unwanted side effects.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Berglind, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Allt åt alla för alltid : Förslag till ett nationellt ramverk för gallring och bevarande
- 2020
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Kungliga biblioteket (KB) tillsatte sommaren 2019 en arbetsgrupp med uppdrag attpåbörja arbetet med nationella riktlinjer för gallring. Via tidigare nätverksmöten ochkonferenser samt i rapporter hade det framkommit en önskan om ett nationelltsamarbete kring gallring och bevarande.Forskningsbiblioteken (lärosätesbibliotek och specialbibliotek) gallrar i dagslägetmycket tryckt material, men arbetet sker utan samordning. Viktigt material riskerardärför att gå förlorat. Tidigare svenska samarbeten kring bevarande och gallring visar pågod vilja och goda intentioner. Dock har det funnits brister i långsiktighet ochorganisation, oklar finansiering på lång sikt och svag samordning och uppföljning. Flerapågående och framgångsrika internationella initiativ visar på behovet av samsyn kringgrundläggande mål med arbetet och en långsiktigt hållbar lösning, såväl ideologiskt somfinansiellt och organisatoriskt.Arbetsgruppen har genom omvärldsbevakning och avstämning med fältet tydliggjortkärnan i vad ett långsiktigt samarbete skulle innebära. Detta har konkretiserats i ettförslag till en vision och policy i form av ett ramverk. Visionen sammanfattas i att”forskningsbiblioteken samverkar långsiktigt och tar ett gemensamt ansvar för att spara,bevara och tillgängliggöra material för dagens och framtidens behov för alla sinamålgrupper”.Visionen konkretiseras i sex policy-punkter om samverkan, bevarande ochtillgängliggörande. Samverkan bör ske genom en formaliserad organisationsstruktur ochge förutsättningar för att se samlingarna som en gemensam resurs, så att varje bibliotekinte behöver spara allt. Minst ett exemplar av det svenska trycket ska bevaras som"samhällets minne" och ett tillräckligt antal exemplar måste sparas för att ävensäkerställa nyttjande för framtiden. Material som sparas måste tillgängliggöras effektivt(genom till exempel digitalisering och fjärrlån) och god sökbarhet upprätthålls genomkvalitativ metadata.Ramverket har diskuterats med fältet på flertalet workshoppar, vid konferensenSamlingshantering i teori och praktik1 samt genom en enkät till berörda bibliotek.Dialogen visar på ett mycket stort intresse hos biblioteken för att samarbeta kringgallring och bevarande av lågfrekvent använt material och på så sätt säkra tillgången tillforskningsmaterial. Ramverket är ett sätt att samordna resurser för att bygga relevantatjänster och säkra tillgång till samlingar för framtiden. Det krävs ett tätt samarbete ochgemensamt ansvarstagande mellan KB och forskningsbiblioteken för att ge tyngd ochförutsättningar för ett långsiktigt och hållbart arbete. Behoven och möjligheterna för biblioteken att delta i ett samarbete ser dock olika ut. Därför är det viktigt att de kandelta efter sina specifika förutsättningar.Arbetsgruppens rekommendation är att KB i det första skedet bör leda arbetet med attfastställa ramverket och dess vision med intresserade forskningsbibliotek, genomexempelvis en avsiktsförklaring. Man behöver också skapa förutsättningar förimplementering av ramverket genom att till exempel definiera roller och samordna medandra pågående utredningar. I nästa fas tas en organisation för samarbetet framgemensamt av deltagande parter. Därefter kan det praktiska arbetet starta, till exempel iform av pilotprojekt som kan utgå från bibliotekens pågående eller planeradegallringsarbeten. Detta för att i mindre skala pröva ramverket, dess finansiering ochorganisation samt framtagna riktlinjer, innan det skalas upp. Slutligen kan projektetövergå till förvaltning, där organisation, roller, finansiering och riktlinjer fastställs.
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| 11. |
- Brunkwall, Louise, et al.
(author)
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The Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) : design, methods and first results.
- 2021
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In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 36, s. 103-116
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As cardio metabolic disease manifestations tend to cluster in families there is a need to better understand the underlying mechanisms in order to further develop preventive strategies. In fact, genetic markers used in genetic risk scores, important as they are, will not be able alone to explain these family clusters. Therefore, the search goes on for the so called missing heritability to better explain these associations. Shared lifestyle and social conditions in families, but also early life influences may be of importance. Gene-environmental interactions should be explored. In recent years interest has grown for the role of diet-microbiota associations, as microbiota patterns may be shared by family members. In the Malmö Offspring Study that started in 2013, we have so far been able to examine about 4700 subjects (18-71 years) representing children and grandchildren of index subjects from the first generation, examined in the Malmö Diet Cancer Study during 1991 to 1996. This will provide rich data and opportunities to analyse family traits of chronic disease across three generations. We will provide extensive genotyping and phenotyping including cardiovascular and respiratory function, as well as markers of glucose metabolism. In addition, also cognitive function will be assessed. A 4-day online dietary recall will be conducted and gut as well as oral microbiota analysed. The ambition is to provide one of the first large-scale European family studies with individual data across three generations, which could deepen our knowledge about the role of family traits for chronic disease and its underlying mechanisms.
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| 12. |
- Ericson, Cecilia
(author)
-
Astrocytes as Cellular Vehicles in Ex Vivo Gene Therapy Studies to the Rat Brain
- 2005
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a progressive cell-death in the brain, and loss of different functions in the patient. Today, there are no cures for any of the various diseases. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with a prevalence of 0.1% and the first symptoms usually start to appear between 50-60 years of age with rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia and postural abnormalities. Even though the reason for the development is not fully understood, the pathophysiology of the disease has been well documented. ?Sere is a progressive loss of dopamine-producing cells in substantia nigra in the midbrain, resulting in a significant decline of dopamine levels in the striatum and a disturbed motoric function. ?Se most common treatment today is oral intake of levodopa, the rate-limiting enzyme in the dopamine synthesis pathway, however the effects of the drug becomes limited over time and hence, there is a need for alternative therapy. Instead of using fetal human tissue for transplantation, with both logistical and ethical dilemmas, ex vivo gene therapy holds great promise for treatment of different neurodegenerative disorders. Ex vivo gene therapy is a combination of cell transplantation and genetic engineering, with the aim of restoring lost neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, or to transfer neurotrophic factors to stimulate cell survival in a damaged or injured brain. In the present thesis, I have genetically modified primary astrocytes of both rodent and human origin with lentiviral vectors in order to evaluate the potential of the cells to provide long-term transgene expression following transplantation to the rat brain. Astrocytes are a type of glial cells in the brain attributed various functions, and have been explored in several studies to be used as cellular vehicles in ex vivo gene delivery to the central nervous system. Compared to previous studies were astrocytes have been genetically modified in vitro using other viralbased vectors, I have shown in my work that lentivirally transduced astrocytes have the capacity to express the transgene product at significant levels for up to at least 12 weeks after grafting to the rat brain. However, before moving towards clinical trials using genetically modified astrocytes, the vector system has to be further developed in order to be able to regulate the transgene expression, even after the cells have been integrated within the host brain.
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| 13. |
- Ericson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Women's experiences of receiving information about and consenting or declining to participate in a randomized controlled trial involving episiotomy in vacuum-assisted delivery : a qualitative study
- 2021
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In: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Information about and invitation to participate in a clinical trial involving an intervention during childbirth may cause fear or worry in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to describe nulliparous women's experiences of receiving an invitation to participate in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of lateral episiotomy versus no episiotomy in vacuum-assisted delivery (EVA trial). Methods: This qualitative study was nested in the ongoing EVA trial. Data were collected through semistructured telephone interviews with 23 women regarding their experiences of the information and invitation to participate in the EVA trial. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interview contents. Results: Three main experience categories were identified among the participants. "Timing of trial information and understanding" revealed that women preferred to obtain information about the trial early on during pregnancy. "Reasons to consent to or decline participation in the trial" encompassed a variety of reasons for women to consent, such as goodwill for science or personal benefits, or to decline, such as not wanting to be randomized or fear of increased risk of having a vacuum-assisted delivery. "Thoughts evoked regarding childbirth" were diverse, ranging from not being affected at all to having increased anxiety. Conclusions: The women's experience of receiving an invitation to participate in an RCT of episiotomy in vacuum-assisted delivery varied widely, from immediately giving consent without further worries to increased anxiety or declining participation. Early and personal information with time for reflection was considered most satisfactory.
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| 14. |
- Ericson Sjöström, Monica, et al.
(author)
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GP and patient predictions of sick-listing duration: How well do they correspond? A prospective observational study
- 2014
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 32:2, s. 73-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. To explore how well physicians and patients predict sick-listing duration and the correspondence between their respective predictions. To study possible gender differences concerning prediction accuracy. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Two medium-sized primary care centres (PCC) in western Sweden. Subjects. GPs at the PCCs and attending patients sick-listed for > 14 days. Main outcome measures. Sick-listing duration; patients' and GPs' predictions of the total duration of the individual patient's sick-listing. Results. A total of 127 patients (93 women, 34 men, mean age 45 years) and 10 GPs participated in the study. Neither the GPs nor the patients were able to predict the interval until return to work with high accuracy. The GPs' and the patients' perceptions concurred in only 26% of cases. There was a significant difference in the correspondence between the GPs' and patients' respective predictions of sick-listing duration compared with the actual duration. GPs' predictions were more accurate for medium-length duration (1.5-6 months), while patients' predictions were more accurate for long-duration (> 6 months) sick-listing. Patients with less education predicted long duration of sick-listing more accurately than those with more education. There was no significant difference between male and female patients' accuracy of prediction, or between GPs' accuracy of prediction of male vs. female patients' sick-listing duration. Conclusions. Prediction of total sick-listing duration was hard for both GP and patient; their respective predictions corresponded in only one-quarter of the cases. No gender differences were observed in the accuracy of prediction.
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| 15. |
- Escher, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Fear of making a mistake : a prominent cause of stress for COVID-19 ICU staff-a mixed-methods study
- 2023
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In: BMJ Open Quality. - : BMJ. - 2399-6641. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on many domains of healthcare. Even in high-income countries such as Sweden, the number of patients has vastly outnumbered the resources in affected areas, in particular during the first wave. Staff caring for patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICUs) faced a very challenging situation that continued for months. This study aimed to describe burnout, safety climate and causes of stress among staff working in COVID-19 ICUs.MethodA survey was distributed to all staff working in ICUs treating patients with COVID-19 in five Swedish hospitals during 2020 and 2021. The numbers of respondents were 104 and 603, respectively. Prepandemic data including 172 respondents from 2018 served as baseline.ResultsStaff exhaustion increased during the pandemic, but disengagement decreased compared with prepandemic levels (p<0.001). Background factors such as profession and work experience had no significant impact, but women scored higher in exhaustion. Total workload and working during both the first and second waves correlated positively to exhaustion, as did being regular ICU staff compared with temporary staff. Teamwork and safety climate remained unchanged compared with prepandemic levels.Respondents reported 'making a mistake' as the most stressful of the predefined stressors. Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions identified 'lack of knowledge and large responsibility', 'workload and work environment', 'uncertainty', 'ethical stress' and 'organization and teamwork' as major causes of stress.ConclusionDespite large workloads, disengagement at work was low in our sample, even compared with prepandemic levels. High levels of exhaustion were reported by the ICU staff who carried the largest workload. Multiple significant causes of stress were identified, with fear of making a mistake the most significant stressor.
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| 16. |
- Jesus Esteves Barata, Terezinha, et al.
(author)
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Comparasion of two minimally invasive methods on the longevity of glass ionomer cement restorations : short-term results of a pilot study
- 2008
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In: Journal of Applied Oral Science. - 1678-7757 .- 1678-7765. ; 16:2, s. 155-160
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations comparing two minimally invasive methods in permanent teeth after 12 months. Fifty pregnant women (second trimester of pregnancy), mean age 22 ± 5.30 years, were treated by two previously trained operators. The treatment approaches tested were: chemomechanical method (CarisolvTM; MediTeam) and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART). A split-mouth study design was used in which the two treatments were randomly placed in 50 matched pairs of permanent teeth. The chemomechanical method (CM) was the test group and the ART was the control group. The treatments were performed in Public Health Centers. The tested restorative material was a high-strength GIC (Ketac Molar; 3M/ESPE). The restorations were placed according to the ART guidelines. Two calibrated independent examiners evaluated the restorations in accordance with ART criteria. The inter-examiner kappa was 0.97. Data were analyzed using 95% confidence interval on the binomial distribution and Fisher's exact test at 5% significance level. In a 12-month follow-up, 86% of the restorations were evaluated. In the test group (CM), 100% (CI=93.3-100%) of the restorations were considered successful. In the control group (ART) 97.6% (CI=87.4-99.9%) of the restorations were considered successful and 2.4% unsuccessful (marginal defect >0.5 mm). There was no statistically significant difference between the 12-mounth success rate for both groups (Fisher's exact test: P=0.49) and between the two operators (Fisher's exact test: P=1.00). Both minimally invasive methods, chemomechanical method and ART, showed a similar clinical performance after 12 months of follow up. Key words: Clinical trials. Restorations. Glass ionomer cements. Atraumatic Restorative Treatment. chemomechanical method. Carisolv.
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| 17. |
- Larsson Wexell, Cecilia, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Bone response to surface-modified titanium implants : Studies on the early tissue response to implants with different surface characteristics
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Biomaterials. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8787 .- 1687-8795.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a series of experimental studies, the bone formation around systematically modified titanium implants is analyzed. In the present study, three different surface modifications were prepared and evaluated. Glow-discharge cleaning and oxidizing resulted in a highly stoichiometric TiO2 surface, while a glow-discharge treatment in nitrogen gas resulted in implants with essentially a surface of titanium nitride, covered with a very thin titanium oxide. Finally, hydrogen peroxide treatment of implants resulted in an almost stoichiometric TiO2, rich in hydroxyl groups on the surface. Machined commercially pure titanium implants served as controls. Scanning Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy revealed no significant differences in oxide thickness or surface roughness parameters, but differences in the surface chemical composition and apparent topography were observed. After surface preparation, the implants were inserted in cortical bone of rabbits and evaluated after 1, 3, and 6 weeks. Light microscopic evaluation of the tissue response showed that all implants were in contact with bone and had a large proportion of newly formed bone within the threads after 6 weeks. There were no morphological differences between the four groups. Our study shows that a high degree of bone contact and bone formation can be achieved with titanium implants of different surface composition and topography.
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| 18. |
- Larsson Wexell, Cecilia, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Bone response to surface modified titanium implants: studies on electropolished implants with different oxide thicknesses and morphology.
- 1994
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In: Biomaterials. - 0142-9612. ; 15:13, s. 1062-74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a series of experimental studies, bone formation was analysed around systematically modified titanium implants. In the present study, machined, electropolished and anodically oxidized implants were prepared, surface characterized and inserted in the cortical bone of rabbits (7 wks and 12 wks). SEM, scanning Auger electron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed no differences in surface composition but marked differences in oxide thickness, surface topography and roughness. Light microscopic morphology and morphometry showed that all implants were in contact with bone, and had a large proportion of bone within the threads. The smooth, electropolished implants were surrounded by less bone than the machined implants with similar oxide thickness, (4-5 nm) and the anodically oxidized implants with thicker oxides (21 nm and 180 nm, respectively) after 7 wks. These studies show that a high degree of bone contact and bone formation can be achieved with titanium implants which are modified with respect to oxide thickness and surface topography. However, it appears that a reduction of surface roughness may influence the rate of bone formation in rabbit cortical bone.
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| 19. |
- Larsson Wexell, Cecilia, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Bone response to surface modified titanium implants - studies on the tissue response after 1 year to machined and electropolished implants with different oxide thicknesses.
- 1997
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In: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - 0957-4530. ; 8:12, s. 721-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The bone formation around titanium implants with varied surface properties was investigated after 1 year in rabbits. Machined and electropolished samples with and without thick, anodically formed surface oxides were prepared, surface characterized and inserted in the cortical bone of rabbits. Scanning electron microscopy, scanning Auger electron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed marked differences in oxide thickness, surface topography and roughness, but no significant differences in surface chemical composition between the different groups of implants. Light microscopic morphology and morphometry showed that all implants were in contact with bone and had a large proportion of bone within the threads. There were no significant differences between the differently prepared implant groups. Our study shows that a high degree of bone contact and bone formation is achieved after 1 year with titanium implants which are modified with respect to oxide thickness and surface topography. There is no indication that a reduction of surface roughness, which in the initial phase decreases the rate of bone formation, had any influence on the amount of bone after 1 year in rabbit cortical bone.
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| 20. |
- Larsson Wexell, Cecilia, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Electropolished titanium implants with a mirror-like surface support osseointegration and bone remodelling
- 2016
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In: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8434 .- 1687-8442.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work characterises the ultrastructural composition of the interfacial tissue adjacent to electropolished, commercially pure titanium implants with and without subsequent anodisation, and it investigates whether a smooth electropolished surface can support bone formation in a manner similar to surfaces with a considerably thicker surface oxide layer. Screw-shaped implants were electropolished to remove all topographical remnants of the machining process, resulting in a thin spontaneously formed surface oxide layer and a smooth surface. Half of the implants were subsequently anodically oxidised to develop a thickened surface oxide layer and increased surface roughness. Despite substantial differences in the surface physicochemical properties, the microarchitecture and the composition of the newly formed bone were similar for both implant surfaces after 12 weeks of healing in rabbit tibia. A close spatial relationship was observed between osteocyte canaliculi and both implant surfaces. On the ultrastructural level, the merely electropolished surface showed the various stages of bone formation, for example, matrix deposition and mineralisation, entrapment of osteoblasts within the mineralised matrix, and their morphological transformation into osteocytes. The results demonstrate that titanium implants with a mirror-like surface and a thin, spontaneously formed oxide layer are able to support bone formation and remodelling.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Shmarina, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Dental professionals' perception of their role in the practice of oral health promotion : a qualitative interview study
- 2023
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In: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6831. ; 23:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveTo explore dental professionals’ perceptions of their role in the practice of oral health promotion.Material and methodIn-depth interviews were conducted with three dentists, one specialist dentist and seven dental hygienists. All were employed in the public dental service in Kalmar County, Sweden and had at least two years’ work experience. The interview questions addressed the experience and views of dental professionals with reference to their role in the practice of health promotion. The interview data were subjected to qualitative content analysis.ResultsAnalysis revealed two themes which capture the essence of the dental professionals’ perception of their role in the practice of oral health promotion. One theme, having person-focused approach, comprised four categories: ‘considering the patient’s life situation’, ‘establishing a trusting relationship with patients’, ’strengthening patients’ commitment to oral health’ and ‘health education’. The other theme, perceiving social responsibility for oral health, comprised three categories: ‘dissemination of oral health knowledge’, ‘interprofessional collaboration’ and ‘equality in oral health care’.ConclusionDental professionals perceived promotion of oral health to be an important aspect of their professional role. They aspired to patient participation in the decisionmaking process and educational activities, as well as practising and evaluating skills development. Although the dental professionals perceived that they undertook health promotion activities, they did not clearly distinguish between oral health promotion and disease prevention. There was intra- and interprofessional agreement among the dentists and dental hygienists with respect to expected outcomes for health promotion activities.
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| 25. |
- Shmarina, Elena
(author)
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Oral health-related salutogenic factors : reviewing factors promoting oral health in older people and exploring dental professionals' perspective
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overarching aims of this thesis were to study oral health-related salutogenic factors among older people and explore dental professionals’ perceptions of their role in the practice of oral health promotion.Study I was an integrative review describing salutogenic factors reportedly associated with oral health and oral health-related quality of life in older people. A framework for identifying salutogenic factors, combining two theories of health, was developed. 58 papers were included in the review and 77 salutogenic factors were identified. However, there is a lack of studies with specific reference to salutogenic factors among older people.Study II was a cross-sectional study based on data for patients 60 years or older derived from a previous population-based epidemiological study. Several significant associations between outcome variables and salutogenic factors were identified. Of those, 13 previously unreported salutogenic factors could be added to the framework developed in Study I.Studies III and IV were qualitative interview studies using in-depth interviewsfor data collection and qualitative content analysis methodology for data analysis.Study III focused on exploring salutogenic factors related to oral health in twelve orally healthy patients 75 years or older. The findings highlighted the importance of patients’ internal resources, dental professionals, family, and society in supporting and reinforcing lifelong oral health.Study IV focused on exploring dental professionals’ perceptions of their role in the practice of oral health promotion and included eleven dentists and dental hygienists. The participants perceived promotion of oral health to be an important aspect of their professional role. They aspired to patient participation in the decision-making process and educational activities, as well as practicing and evaluating skills development.In conclusion, there is a need for consistency in definition of outcomes measures and hypothesis-driven research within salutogenic research in oral health field. The large number of salutogenic factors found supporting oral health among older people indicates the complexity of salutogenesis and the need for robust analyzing tools. Combining two theories of health was useful for exploring salutogenic factors related to oral health and for providing a plain overview of areas lacking knowledge, which in turn can facilitate the generation of hypotheses and therefore relevant salutogenic research.This combination could contribute to a more balanced image of factors influencing oral health, including dental professionals’ roles, and help identify critical next steps in determining priorities and allocating resources promoting good oral health in individuals and populations. Moreover, oral health-related salutogenic factors identified in the qualitative studies; i.e., categories, merit further exploration in quantitative research.
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| 26. |
- Shmarina, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Self-perceived oral health-related salutogenic factors in orally healthy older Swedes. A qualitative interview study.
- 2022
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In: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 80:5, s. 354-362
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore oral health-related salutogenic factors in orally healthy older Swedish people, applying the three components of Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence (SOC) concept: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness.MATERIAL AND METHOD: Interviews were conducted with 12 orally healthy patients, aged 75 years and older, enrolled at public dental clinics. The interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis, applying the SOC concept as the theoretical framework.RESULTS: Three themes were formulated under the predefined SOC components, describing the central meaning of the informants' perception of factors favourable to their good oral health. The theme 'comprehension of cause and effect' consisted of three categories, for example importance of oral hygiene, and reflected the component comprehensibility. The theme 'living in confidence and trust in supporting society' consisted of five categories, for example self-esteem, and reflected the component manageability. The theme 'good oral health as a basis for satisfaction and social confidence' consisted of two categories, for example social norms, and reflected the component meaningfulness.CONCLUSION: This study discloses how orally healthy elderly Swedish people perceive the lifelong impact of salutogenic factors in response to lifelong stressors on their oral health and highlights the important roles of their internal resources, dental professionals, family and society in supporting and reinforcing lifelong oral health.
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| 27. |
- Smith, Laura B., et al.
(author)
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Psychological manifestations of celiac disease autoimmunity in young children
- 2017
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In: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 139:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psychological symptoms can be associated with celiac disease; abstract however, this association has not been studied prospectively in a pediatric cohort. We examined mother report of psychological functioning in children persistently positive for tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA), defined as celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA), compared with children without CDA in a screening population of genetically at-risk children. We also investigated differences in psychological symptoms based on mothers' awareness of their child's CDA status. METHODS: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study followed 8676 children to identify triggers of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Children were tested for tTGA beginning at 2 years of age. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist assessed child psychological functioning at 3.5 and 4.5 years of age. RESULTS: At 3.5 years, 66 mothers unaware their child had CDA reported more child anxiety and depression, aggressive behavior, and sleep problems than 3651 mothers of children without CDA (all Ps ≤ .03). Unaware-CDA mothers also reported more child anxiety and depression, withdrawn behavior, aggressive behavior, and sleep problems than 440 mothers aware of their child's CDA status (all Ps ≤.04). At 4.5 years, there were no differences. CONCLUSIONS: In 3.5-year-old children, CDA is associated with increased reports of child depression and anxiety, aggressive behavior, and sleep problems when mothers are unaware of their child's CDA status. Mothers' knowledge of their child's CDA status is associated with fewer reports of psychological symptoms, suggesting that awareness of the child's tTGA test results affects reporting of symptoms.
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| 28. |
- Thomsen, Peter, 1953, et al.
(author)
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Structure of the interface between rabbit cortical bone and implants of gold, zirconium and titanium.
- 1997
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In: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - 0957-4530. ; 8:11, s. 653-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of surface properties (chemical and structural) for the interaction between biomaterials and tissue is not yet understood. In the present study, implants made of titanium, zirconium (transition metals with surface oxides) and gold (metallic surface) were inserted into the rabbit tibia. Light microscopic (LM) morphometry showed that after 1 and 6 mo the gold implants had less amount of bone within the threads and a lower degree of bone-implant contact than the titanium and zirconium implants, which did not differ from each other. These quantitative differences were supported by LM and ultrastructural observations of the interface. The ultrastructural observations in addition demonstrated that the layer of non-collagenous amorphous material located between the implant and the calcified bone was appreciably thicker around zirconium than around titanium implants. The factors potentially responsible for the observed morphological differences in the bone around the different material surfaces are discussed.
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| 29. |
- Törn, Carina, et al.
(author)
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Complement gene variants in relation to autoantibodies to beta cell specific antigens and type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY Study
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A total of 15 SNPs within complement genes and present on the ImmunoChip were analyzed in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. A total of 5474 subjects were followed from three months of age until islet autoimmunity (IA: n = 413) and the subsequent onset of type 1 diabetes (n = 115) for a median of 73 months (IQR 54-91). Three SNPs within ITGAM were nominally associated (p < 0.05) with IA: rs1143678 [Hazard ratio; HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.66-0.98; p = 0.032], rs1143683 [HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65-0.98; p = 0.030] and rs4597342 [HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01-1.32; p = 0.041]. When type 1 diabetes was the outcome, in DR3/4 subjects, there was nominal significance for two SNPs: rs17615 in CD21 [HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.05-2.20; p = 0.025] and rs4844573 in C4BPA [HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.43-0.92; p = 0.017]. Among DR4/4 subjects, rs2230199 in C3 was significantly associated [HR 3.20; 95% CI 1.75-5.85; p = 0.0002, uncorrected] a significance that withstood Bonferroni correction since it was less than 0.000833 (0.05/60) in the HLA-specific analyses. SNPs within the complement genes may contribute to IA, the first step to type 1 diabetes, with at least one SNP in C3 significantly associated with clinically diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
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| 30. |
- Zhou, Zhenjiang, et al.
(author)
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A 60-years old field experiment demonstrates the benefit of leys in the crop rotation
- 2019
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In: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil and Plant Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4710 .- 1651-1913. ; 69, s. 36-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the 1950s, a long-term experiment was initiated at three locations in Northern Sweden. The treatments included four cropping systems, which differed in the number of years with leys or annual crops in the crop rotation. To create awareness of the experiment as a research resource for further scientific studies, we summarise the history (experimental design, materials and methods, main measurements) and scientific findings of the experiment, as well as reflect on its usefulness and opportunities for further studies. So far, scientific focus has been on the effects of cropping systems on soil characteristics. The main findings indicate that soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity were greater in cropping systems with a large proportion of ley, soil bulk density showed the opposite trend. In terms of chemical properties, cropping systems incorporating more ley also have greater soil organic carbon content than annual crops systems, and both soil carbon and N storage decrease over time in cropping systems with only annual crops. The effects of cropping system on crop yields and quality are areas for further investigation.
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