| 1. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(author)
-
PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(author)
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PHENIX on-line systems
- 2003
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 560-592
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PHENIX On-Line system takes signals from the Front End Modules (FEM) on each detector subsystem for the purpose of generating events for physics analysis. Processing of event data begins when the Data Collection Modules (DCM) receive data via fiber-optic links from the FEMs. The DCMs format and zero suppress the data and generate data packets. These packets go to the Event Builders (EvB) that assemble the events in final form. The Level-1 trigger (LVL1) generates a decision for each beam crossing and eliminates uninteresting events. The FEMs carry out all detector processing of the data so that it is delivered to the DCMs using a standard format. The FEMs also provide buffering for LVL1 trigger processing and DCM data collection. This is carried out using an architecture that is pipelined and deadtimeless. All of this is controlled by the Master Timing System (MTS) that distributes the RHIC clocks. A Level-2 trigger (LVL2) gives additional discrimination. A description of the components and operation of the PHENIX On-Line system is given and the solution to a number of electronic infrastructure problems are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Boxall, A. B. A., et al.
(author)
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Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: What Are the Big Questions?
- 2012
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In: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 120:9, s. 1221-1229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Over the past 10-15 years, a substantial amount of work has been done by the scientific, regulatory, and business communities to elucidate the effects and risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment. OBJECTIVE: This review was undertaken to identify key outstanding issues regarding the effects of PPCPs on human and ecological health in order to ensure that future resources will be focused on the most important areas. DATA SOURCES: To better understand and manage the risks of PPCPs in the environment, we used the "key question" approach to identify the principle issues that need to be addressed. Initially, questions were solicited from academic, government, and business communities around the world. A list of 101 questions was then discussed at an international expert workshop, and a top-20 list was developed. Following the workshop, workshop attendees ranked the 20 questions by importance. DATA SYNTHESIS: The top 20 priority questions fell into seven categories: a) prioritization of substances for assessment, b) pathways of exposure, c) bioavailability and uptake, a effects characterization, e) risk and relative risk, f) antibiotic resistance, and g) risk management. CONCLUSIONS: A large body of information is now available on PPCPs in the environment. This exercise prioritized the most critical questions to aid in development of future research programs on the topic.
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| 4. |
- Zamora-Ros, R., et al.
(author)
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Impact of thearubigins on the estimation of total dietary flavonoids in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 67:7, s. 779-782
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thearubigins (TR) are polymeric flavanol-derived compounds formed during the fermentation of tea leaves. Comprising similar to 70% of total polyphenols in black tea, TR may contribute majorly to its beneficial effects on health. To date, there is no appropriate food composition data on TR, although several studies have used data from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) database to estimate TR intakes. We aimed to estimate dietary TR in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort and assess the impact of including TR or not in the calculation of the total dietary flavonoid intake. Dietary data were collected using a single standardized 24-h dietary recall interviewer-administered to 36 037 subjects aged 35-74 years. TR intakes were calculated using the USDA database. TR intakes ranged from 0.9 mg/day in men from Navarra and San Sebastian in Spain to 532.5 mg/day in men from UK general population. TR contributed <5% to the total flavonoid intake in Greece, Spain and Italy, whereas in the UK general population, TR comprised 48% of the total flavonoids. High heterogeneity in TR intake across the EPIC countries was observed. This study shows that total flavonoid intake may be greatly influenced by TR, particularly in high black tea-consuming countries. Further research on identification and quantification of TR is needed to get more accurate dietary TR estimations.
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| 5. |
- Heath, A. K., et al.
(author)
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Nutrient-wide association study of 92 foods and nutrients and breast cancer risk
- 2020
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In: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 22:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Several dietary factors have been reported to be associated with risk of breast cancer, but to date, unequivocal evidence only exists for alcohol consumption. We sought to systematically assess the association between intake of 92 foods and nutrients and breast cancer risk using a nutrient-wide association study. Methods Using data from 272,098 women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, we assessed dietary intake of 92 foods and nutrients estimated by dietary questionnaires. Cox regression was used to quantify the association between each food/nutrient and risk of breast cancer. A false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05 was used to select the set of foods and nutrients to be replicated in the independent Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). Results Six foods and nutrients were identified as associated with risk of breast cancer in the EPIC study (10,979 cases). Higher intake of alcohol overall was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio (HR) for a 1 SD increment in intake = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07), as was beer/cider intake and wine intake (HRs per 1 SD increment = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06 and 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06, respectively), whereas higher intakes of fibre, apple/pear, and carbohydrates were associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (HRs per 1 SD increment = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98; 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99; and 0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.98, respectively). When evaluated in the NLCS (2368 cases), estimates for each of these foods and nutrients were similar in magnitude and direction, with the exception of beer/cider intake, which was not associated with risk in the NLCS. Conclusions Our findings confirm a positive association of alcohol consumption and suggest an inverse association of dietary fibre and possibly fruit intake with breast cancer risk.
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| 6. |
- Alström, Per, et al.
(author)
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Complete species-level phylogeny of the leaf warbler (Aves: Phylloscopidae) radiation
- 2018
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In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 126, s. 141-152
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The leaf warbler radiation (Aves: Phylloscopidae) has undergone a c. 50% increase in the number of recognised species over the last three decades, mainly as a result of analyses of vocalisations and DNA. Using a multilocus dataset for all of the species in this family, and multispecies coalescent-based as well as concatenation methods, we provide the first complete species-level phylogeny for this important group, as well as an estimate of the timing of diversification. The most recent common ancestor for the family was dated at 11.7 million years ago (mya) (95% highest posterior density 9.8-13.7 mya), and divergence times between sister species ranged from 0.5 mya (0.3-0.8 mya) to 6.1 mya (4.8-7.5 mya). Based on our results, we support synonymising Seicercus with Phylloscopus, which results in a monogeneric Phylloscopidae. We discuss the pros and cons of this treatment, and we argue against proliferation of taxonomic names, and conclude that a large monogeneric Phylloscopidae leads to the fewest taxonomic changes compared to traditional classifications. We briefly discuss morphological evolution in the light of the phylogeny. The time calibrated phylogeny is a major improvement compared to previous studies based on a smaller number of species and loci and can provide a basis for future studies of other aspects of phylloscopid evolution.
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| 7. |
- Bulakci, O., et al.
(author)
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An Agile Resource Management Framework for 5G
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the design foundations of an agile resource management (RM) framework for the fifth generation (5G) radio access network (RAN) by describing essential building blocks (BBs). Overall, the presented RM framework provides holistic RM solutions that consider and exploit the novel aspects of 5G systems, such as, diverse service requirements, co-existence of multiple air interface (AI) variants (AIVs) in the overall AI, dynamic radio topologies, and novel communication modes. The proposed framework encompasses the following key BBs: Advanced interference management techniques for dense and dynamic deployments; dynamic traffic steering mechanisms that aim to attain the optimum mapping of 5G services to any available resources when and where needed by considering the peculiarities of different AIVs; tight interworking between novel 5G AIVs and evolved legacy AIVs such as Longterm Evolution (LTE); sharing of a common RAN by multiple network slices; RAN moderation techniques to attain energy efficiency gains; and functional extensions in the device measurement context to enable all the above new functionalities. The BBs are analyzed from the perspectives of key findings and RAN design implications.
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| 8. |
- Conte, C., et al.
(author)
-
Monitoring the release of a NO photodonor from polymer nanoparticles: Via Förster resonance energy transfer and two-photon fluorescence imaging
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Materials Chemistry B. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7518 .- 2050-750X. ; 6:2, s. 249-256
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Core-shell polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) made of either di-block or tri-block poly-ϵ-caprolactone and polyethylene glycol copolymers, covalently integrating Rhodamine B in the core or the shell have been prepared and a green fluorescent NO photodonor entrapped therein. One- and two-photon fluorescence experiments demonstrate that effective Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) occurs exclusively in the di-block NPs having the Rhodamine in the core, accounting for a localization of the NO photoreleaser in the inner part of the polymeric nanocarrier. These di-block NPs are stable in the presence of human serum albumin and their cargo release NO under exclusive excitation with visible light. Two-photon imaging experiments carried out using 900 nm NIR light, demonstrate that the release of the NO photodonor can be monitored in biological tissue, herein human skin, and provide insights into the integrity and penetration depth of the NPs. Toxicity experiments performed on NCTC keratinocyte cell lines in the dark and upon visible light irradiation show good biocompatibility of the polymeric system that therefore has a great potential in light of the multifaceted therapeutic role of NO. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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| 9. |
- de Batlle, J., et al.
(author)
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Dietary Folate Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2015
-
In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 107:1, s. 367-367
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is limited evidence on the association between dietary folate intake and the risk of breast cancer (BC) by hormone receptor expression in the tumors. We investigated the relationship between dietary folate and BC risk using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). A total of 367993 women age 35 to 70 years were recruited in 10 European countries. During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 11575 women with BC were identified. Dietary folate intake was estimated from country-specific dietary questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to quantify the association between dietary variables and BC risk. BC tumors were classified by receptor status. Subgroup analyses were performed by menopausal status and alcohol intake. Intake of other B vitamins was considered. All statistical tests were two-sided. A borderline inverse association was observed between dietary folate and BC risk (hazard ratio comparing top vs bottom quintile [HRQ5-Q1] = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.01, P (trend) = .037). In premenopausal women, we observed a statistically significant trend towards lower risk in estrogen receptor-negative BC (HRQ5-Q1 = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.96, P (trend) = .042) and progesterone receptor-negative BC (HRQ5-Q1 = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.97, P (trend) = .021). No associations were found in postmenopausal women. A 14% reduction in BC risk was observed when comparing the highest with the lowest dietary folate tertiles in women having a high (> 12 alcoholic drinks/week) alcohol intake (HRT3-T1 = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.98, P (interaction) = .035). Higher dietary folate intake may be associated with a lower risk of sex hormone receptor-negative BC in premenopausal women.
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| 10. |
- Fretts, Amanda M., et al.
(author)
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Consumption of meat is associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations regardless of glucose and insulin genetic risk scores : a meta-analysis of 50,345 Caucasians
- 2015
-
In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 102:5, s. 1266-1278
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Recent studies suggest that meat intake is associated with diabetes-related phenotypes. However, whether the associations of meat intake and glucose and insulin homeostasis are modified by genes related to glucose and insulin is unknown. Objective: We investigated the associations of meat intake and the interaction of meat with genotype on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in Caucasians free of diabetes mellitus. Design: Fourteen studies that are part of the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium participated in the analysis. Data were provided for up to 50,345 participants. Using linear regression within studies and a fixed-effects meta-analysis across studies, we examined l) the associations of processed meat and unprocessed red meat intake with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations; and 2) the interactions of processed meat and unprocessed red meat with genetic risk score related to fasting glucose or insulin resistance on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Results: Processed meat was associated with higher fasting glucose, and unprocessed red meat was associated with both higher fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentrations after adjustment for potential confounders [not including body mass index (BMI)]. For every additional 50-g serving of processed meat per day, fasting glucose was 0.021 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.011, 0.030 mmol/L) higher. Every additional 100-g serving of unprocessed red meat per day was associated with a 0.037-mmol/L (95% CI: 0.023, 0.051-mmol/L) higher fasting glucose concentration and a 0.049-1n-pmon (95% CI: 0.035, 0.063-1n-pmol/L) higher fasting insulin concentration. After additional adjustment for BMI, observed associations were attenuated and no longer statistically significant. The association of processed meat and fasting insulin did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Observed associations were not modified by genetic loci known to influence fasting glucose or insulin resistance. Conclusion: The association of higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations with meat consumption was not modified by an index of glucose- and insulin-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
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| 11. |
- Hansson, EM, et al.
(author)
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Control of Notch-ligand endocytosis by ligand-receptor interaction
- 2010
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In: Journal of cell science. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9137 .- 0021-9533. ; 123:17Pt 17, s. 2931-2942
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Notch signaling, cell-bound ligands activate Notch receptors on juxtaposed cells, but the relationship between ligand endocytosis, ubiquitylation and ligand-receptor interaction remains poorly understood. To study the specific role of ligand-receptor interaction, we identified a missense mutant of the Notch ligand Jagged1 (Nodder, Ndr) that failed to interact with Notch receptors, but retained a cellular distribution that was similar to wild-type Jagged1 (Jagged1WT) in the absence of active Notch signaling. Both Jagged1WT and Jagged1Ndr interacted with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb, but only Jagged1WT showed enhanced ubiquitylation after co-culture with cells expressing Notch receptor. Cells expressing Jagged1WT, but not Jagged1Ndr, trans-endocytosed the Notch extracellular domain (NECD) into the ligand-expressing cell, and NECD colocalized with Jagged1WT in early endosomes, multivesicular bodies and lysosomes, suggesting that NECD is routed through the endocytic degradation pathway. When coexpressed in the same cell, Jagged1Ndr did not exert a dominant-negative effect over Jagged1WT in terms of receptor activation. Finally, in Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, the ligand was largely accumulated at the cell surface, indicating that engagement of the Notch receptor is important for ligand internalization in vivo. In conclusion, the interaction-dead Jagged1Ndr ligand provides new insights into the specific role of receptor-ligand interaction in the intracellular trafficking of Notch ligands.
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| 12. |
- Lê, A D, et al.
(author)
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Neurobiological processes in alcohol addiction.
- 2001
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In: Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research. - 0145-6008. ; 25:5 Suppl ISBRA
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were A. D. Lê and K. Kiianmaa. The presentations were (1) Alcohol reward and aversion, by C. L. Cunningham; (2) The role of sensitization of neuronal mechanisms in ethanol self-administration, by J. A. Engel, M. Ericson, and B. Söderpalm; (3) Alcohol self-administration in dependent animals: Neurobiological mechanisms, by G. F. Koob, A. J. Roberts, and F. Weiss; (4) Stress and relapse to alcohol, by A. D. Lê; (5) Alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats differ in locomotor activation induced by repeated morphine injections, by P. Hyytiä, S. Janhunen, J. Mikkola, P. Bäckström, and K. Kiianmaa; and (6) Initial sensitivity and acute functional tolerance to the hypnotic effects of ethanol in mice genetically selected for mild and severe ethanol withdrawal convulsions, by I. Ponomarev and J. C. Crabbe.
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| 13. |
- Sayols-Baixeras, Sergi, et al.
(author)
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Streptococcus Species Abundance in the Gut Is Linked to Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in 8973 Participants From the SCAPIS Cohort
- 2023
-
In: Circulation. - : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 148:6, s. 459-472
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota have been implicated in atherosclerotic disease, but their relation with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to identify associations between the gut microbiome and computed tomography–based measures of coronary atherosclerosis and to explore relevant clinical correlates.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 8973 participants (50 to 65 years of age) without overt atherosclerotic disease from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). Coronary atherosclerosis was measured using coronary artery calcium score and coronary computed tomography angiography. Gut microbiota species abundance and functional potential were assessed with shotgun metagenomics sequencing of fecal samples, and associations with coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated with multivariable regression models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Associated species were evaluated for association with inflammatory markers, metabolites, and corresponding species in saliva.RESULTS: The mean age of the study sample was 57.4 years, and 53.7% were female. Coronary artery calcification was detected in 40.3%, and 5.4% had at least 1 stenosis with >50% occlusion. Sixty-four species were associated with coronary artery calcium score independent of cardiovascular risk factors, with the strongest associations observed for Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus oralis subsp oralis (P<1×10–5). Associations were largely similar across coronary computed tomography angiography–based measurements. Out of the 64 species, 19 species, including streptococci and other species commonly found in the oral cavity, were associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein plasma concentrations, and 16 with neutrophil counts. Gut microbial species that are commonly found in the oral cavity were negatively associated with plasma indole propionate and positively associated with plasma secondary bile acids and imidazole propionate. Five species, including 3 streptococci, correlated with the same species in saliva and were associated with worse dental health in the Malmö Offspring Dental Study. Microbial functional potential of dissimilatory nitrate reduction, anaerobic fatty acid β-oxidation, and amino acid degradation were associated with coronary artery calcium score.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of an association of a gut microbiota composition characterized by increased abundance of Streptococcus spp and other species commonly found in the oral cavity with coronary atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation markers. Further longitudinal and experimental studies are warranted to explore the potential implications of a bacterial component in atherogenesis.
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| 14. |
- Aberg, J, et al.
(author)
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Electrical properties of the TiSi2-Si transition region in contacts : The influence of an interposed layer of Nb
- 2001
-
In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 90:5, s. 2380-2388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of an interposed ultrathin Nb layer between Ti and Si on the silicide formation and the electrical contact between the silicide formed and the Si substrate is investigated. The presence of the Nb interlayer results in the formation of ternary alloy (Nb,Ti)Si-2 in the C40 crystallographic structure adjacent to the Si substrate. Depending on the nature of the Si substrates and/or the amount of the initial Nb, the interfacial C40 (Nb,Ti)Si-2 leads, in turn, to either epitaxial growth of a highly faulted metastable C40 TiSi2 or formation of the desired C54 TiSi2 at a lower temperature than needed for it to form in reference samples with Ti deposited directly on Si. On p-type substrates doped to various concentrations, the Nb also leads to a considerably lower specific contact resistivity than that obtained in the reference samples: a twofold to fourfold reduction in the contact resistivity is found using cross-bridge Kelvin structures in combination with two-dimensional numerical simulation. As C40 (Nb,Ti)Si-2 forms at the interface when an interfacial Nb is present, the interface characterized is likely to represent the one between (Nb,Ti)Si-2 and Si. For the reference samples, the interface studied is between TiSi2 and Si.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Awes, T., et al.
(author)
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Design and performance of a silicon–tungsten calorimeter prototype module and the associated readout
- 2021
-
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 988
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe the details of a silicon–tungsten prototype electromagnetic calorimeter module and associated readout electronics. Detector performance for this prototype has been measured in test beam experiments at the CERN PS and SPS accelerator facilities in 2015/16. The results are compared to those in Monte Carlo Geant4 simulations. This is the first real-world demonstration of the performance of a custom ASIC designed for fast, lower-power, high-granularity applications.
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| 18. |
- Bakker, F. T., et al.
(author)
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The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
- 2020
-
In: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well as a locus for community engagement. At the same time, like a synthesis radio telescope, when joined together through emerging digital resources, the global community of museums (the 'Global Museum') is more than the sum of its parts, allowing insights and answers to diverse biological, environmental, and societal questions at the global scale, across eons of time, and spanning vast diversity across the Tree of Life. We argue that, whereas natural history collections and museums began with a focus on describing the diversity and peculiarities of species on Earth, they are now increasingly leveraged in new ways that significantly expand their impact and relevance. These new directions include the possibility to ask new, often interdisciplinary questions in basic and applied science, such as in biomimetic design, and by contributing to solutions to climate change, global health and food security challenges. As institutions, they have long been incubators for cutting-edge research in biology while simultaneously providing core infrastructure for research on present and future societal needs. Here we explore how the intersection between pressing issues in environmental and human health and rapid technological innovation have reinforced the relevance of museum collections. We do this by providing examples as food for thought for both the broader academic community and museum scientists on the evolving role of museums. We also identify challenges to the realization of the full potential of natural history collections and the Global Museum to science and society and discuss the critical need to grow these collections. We then focus on mapping and modelling of museum data (including place-based approaches and discovery), and explore the main projects, platforms and databases enabling this growth. Finally, we aim to improve relevant protocols for the long-term storage of specimens and tissues, ensuring proper connection with tomorrow's technologies and hence further increasing the relevance of natural history museums.
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| 19. |
- Bakker, Marije F., et al.
(author)
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Plasma carotenoids, vitamin C, tocopherols, and retinol and the risk of breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort
- 2016
-
In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 103:2, s. 454-464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Carotenoids and vitamin C are thought to be associated with reduced cancer risk because of their antioxidative capacity.Objective: This study evaluated the associations of plasma carotenoid, retinol, tocopherol, and vitamin C concentrations and risk of breast cancer.Design: In a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, 1502 female incident breast cancer cases were included, with an oversampling of premenopausal (n = 582) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) cases (n = 462). Controls (n = 1502) were individually matched to cases by using incidence density sampling. Prediagnostic samples were analyzed for alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, and 454 vitamin C. Breast cancer risk was computed according to hormone receptor status and age at diagnosis (proxy for menopausal status) by using conditional logistic regression and was further stratified by smoking status, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI). All statistical tests were 2-sided.Results: In quintile 5 compared with quintile 1, alpha-carotene (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98) and beta-carotene (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.65) were inversely associated with risk of ER- breast tumors. The other analytes were not statistically associated with ER- breast cancer. For estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors, no statistically significant associations were found. The test for heterogeneity between ER- and ER+ tumors was statistically significant only for beta-carotene (P-heterogeneity = 0.03). A higher risk of breast cancer was found for retinol in relation to ER-/progesterone receptor-negative tumors (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.20, 4.67; P-heterogeneity with ER+/progesterone receptor positive = 0.06). We observed no statistically significant interaction between smoking, alcohol, or BMI and all investigated plasma analytes (based on tertile distribution).Conclusion: Our results indicate that higher concentrations of plasma beta-carotene and alpha-carotene are associated with lower breast cancer risk of ER tumors.
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| 20. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(author)
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Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS.
- 2024
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In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiota have relied on self-reported activity, prone to reporting bias. Here, we investigated the associations of accelerometer-based sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity (VPA) physical activity with the gut microbiota using cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.METHODS: In 8416 participants aged 50-65, time in SED, MPA, and VPA were estimated with hip-worn accelerometer. Gut microbiota was profiled using shotgun metagenomics of faecal samples. We applied multivariable regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and technical covariates, and accounted for multiple testing.FINDINGS: Overall, associations between time in SED and microbiota species abundance were in opposite direction to those for MPA or VPA. For example, MPA was associated with lower, while SED with higher abundance of Escherichia coli. MPA and VPA were associated with higher abundance of the butyrate-producers Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia spp. We observed discrepancies between specific VPA and MPA associations, such as a positive association between MPA and Prevotella copri, while no association was detected for VPA. Additionally, SED, MPA and VPA were associated with the functional potential of the microbiome. For instance, MPA was associated with higher capacity for acetate synthesis and SED with lower carbohydrate degradation capacity.INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that sedentary and physical activity are associated with a similar set of gut microbiota species but in opposite directions. Furthermore, the intensity of physical activity may have specific effects on certain gut microbiota species.FUNDING: European Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
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| 21. |
- Bamia, C., et al.
(author)
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Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in a multi-centre, European cohort study
- 2015
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In: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 112:7, s. 1273-1282
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:Vegetable and/or fruit intakes in association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk have been investigated in case-control studies conducted in specific European countries and cohort studies conducted in Asia, with inconclusive results. No multi-centre European cohort has investigated the indicated associations. Methods: In 486 799 men/women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition, we identified 201 HCC cases after 11 years median follow-up. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC incidence for sex-specific quintiles and per 100 g d(-1) increments of vegetable/fruit intakes. Results: Higher vegetable intake was associated with a statistically significant, monotonic reduction of HCC risk: HR (100 g d(-1) increment): 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71-0.98. This association was consistent in sensitivity analyses with no apparent heterogeneity across strata of HCC risk factors. Fruit intake was not associated with HCC incidence: HR (100 g d(-1) increment): 1.01; 95% CI: 0.92-1.11. Conclusions: Vegetable, but not fruit, intake is associated with lower HCC risk with no evidence for heterogeneity of this association in strata of important HCC risk factors. Mechanistic studies should clarify pathways underlying this association. Given that HCC prognosis is poor and that vegetables are practically universally accessible, our results may be important, especially for those at high risk for the disease.
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| 22. |
- Batalha-Filho, Henrique, et al.
(author)
-
Molecular systematics and evolution of the Synallaxis ruficapilla complex (Aves : Furnariidae) in the Atlantic Forest.
- 2013
-
In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 67:1, s. 86-94
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Neotropical Synallaxis ruficapilla complex is endemic to the Atlantic Forest and is comprised of three species: S. ruficapilla, S. whitneyi, and S. infuscata. This group is closely related to the Synallaxis moesta complex that occurs in the Andes, Tepuis, and Guianan shield. Here we used mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences to infer the phylogeny and the time of diversification of the S. ruficapilla and S. moesta complexes. We also included samples of an undescribed population of Synallaxis that resembles other populations of the S. ruficapilla complex. Our results showed that different geographical lineages within the S. ruficapilla complex are reciprocally monophyletic, but the northern form (S. infuscata) grouped with an Andean taxon. This suggests that at least two lineages of this group independently colonized the Atlantic Forest. Specimens of the undescribed population formed a monophyletic clade with deep divergence. Estimated diversification dates were within the late Pliocene to Pleistocene (2.75-0.16 million of years ago). This suggests that at this time there was a higher connectivity between habitats in the rugged landscapes of the circum-Amazonian bioregions. The observed Pleistocene diversification within the Atlantic Forest is congruent in space and time with studies of other co-distributed organisms, and may be associated with climate changes and tectonic activity during this period.
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| 23. |
- Batalha-Filho, Henrique, et al.
(author)
-
Phylogeny and historical biogeography of gnateaters (Passeriformes, Conopophagidae) in the South America forests.
- 2014
-
In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 79, s. 422-432
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We inferred the phylogenetic relationships, divergence time and biogeography of Conopophagidae (gnateaters) based on sequence data of mitochondrial genes (ND2, ND3 and cytb) and nuclear introns (TGFB2 and G3PDH) from 45 tissue samples (43 Conopophaga and 2 Pittasoma) representing all currently recognized species of the family and the majority of subspecies. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Divergence time estimates were obtained based on a Bayesian relaxed clock model. These chronograms were used to calculate diversification rates and reconstruct ancestral areas of the genus Conopophaga. The phylogenetic analyses support the reciprocal monophyly of the two genera, Conopophaga and Pittasoma. All species were monophyletic with the exception of C. lineata, as C. lineata cearae did not cluster with the other two C. lineata subspecies. Divergence time estimates for Conopophagidae suggested that diversification took place during the Neogene, and that the diversification rate within Conopophaga clade was highest in the late Miocene, followed by a slower diversification rate, suggesting a diversity-dependent pattern. Our analyses of the diversification of family Conopophagidae provided a scenario for evolution in Terra Firme forest across tropical South America. The spatio-temporal pattern suggests that Conopophaga originated in the Brazilian Shield and that a complex sequence of events possibly related to the Andean uplift and infilling of former sedimentation basins and erosion cycles shaped the current distribution and diversity of this genus.
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| 24. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(author)
-
Bromoanisoles and Methoxylated Bromodiphenyl Ethers in Macroalgae from Nordic Coastal Regions
- 2019
-
In: Environmental Science. - London : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; , s. 881-892
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Marine macroalgae are used worldwide for human consumption, animal feed, cosmetics and agriculture. In addition to beneficial nutrients, macroalgae contain halogenated natural products (HNPs), some of which have toxic properties similar to those of well-known anthropogenic contaminants. Sixteen species of red, green and brown macroalgae were collected in 2017–2018 from coastal waters of the northern Baltic Sea, Sweden Atlantic and Norway Atlantic, and analyzed for bromoanisoles (BAs) and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs). Target compounds were quantified by gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-LRMS), with qualitative confirmation in selected species by GC-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Quantified compounds were 2,4-diBA, 2,4,6-triBA, 2′-MeO-BDE68, 6-MeO-BDE47, and two tribromo-MeO-BDEs and one tetrabromo-MeO-BDE with unknown bromine substituent positions. Semiquantitative results for pentabromo-MeO-BDEs were also obtained for a few species by GC-HRMS. Three extraction methods were compared; soaking in methanol, soaking in methanol–dichloromethane, and blending with mixed solvents. Extraction yields of BAs did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) with the three methods and the two soaking methods gave equivalent yields of MeO-BDEs. Extraction efficiencies of MeO-BDEs were significantly lower using the blend method (p < 0.05). For reasons of simplicity and efficiency, the soaking methods are preferred. Concentrations varied by orders of magnitude among species: ∑2BAs 57 to 57 700 and ∑5MeO-BDEs < 10 to 476 pg g−1 wet weight (ww). Macroalgae standing out with ∑2BAs >1000 pg g−1 ww were Ascophyllum nodosum, Ceramium tenuicorne, Ceramium virgatum, Fucus radicans, Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, and Acrosiphonia/Spongomorpha sp. Species A. nodosum, C. tenuicorne, Chara virgata, F. radicans and F. vesiculosus (Sweden Atlantic only) had ∑5MeO-BDEs >100 pg g−1ww. Profiles of individual compounds showed distinct differences among species and locations.
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| 25. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(author)
-
Drosophilin a methyl ether (DAME) and other chlorinated dimethoxybenzenes in fungi and forest litter from Sweden
- 2023
-
In: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 347
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fungi and substrates undergoing fungal decomposition were collected from forests in northern and southernSweden and analyzed for chlorinated dimethoxybenzenes (DMBs). Specimens were fungi fruiting bodies, rottingwood, forest litter and underlying humus. Targeted compounds were DAME (1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-DMB) andrelated fungal secondary metabolites. A screening procedure was developed which involved soaking the speci-mens in ethyl acetate followed by analysis by capillary gas chromatography – mass spectrometry with mass selec-tive detection (GC-MSD). DAME was the most frequently found (62% of 47 specimens) and often the most abun-dant target compound, with range and mean ± SD concentrations of <0.0017–3.81 and 0.21 ± 0.63 mg kg−1ww. Based on log-log correlations of partition coefficients of hydrophobic compounds between fungal biomass/water (KD) and octanol/water (KOW), five species of fungi are suggested to produce DAME de novo versus bioaccu-mulation from forest runoff water. Full-scan mass spectra of some high-concentration specimens indicated thepresence of a Cl2DMB and a Cl3DMB, which could not be identified further due to lack of standards, anddrosophilin A (DA = 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methoxyphenol), the precursor to DAME. Tetrachloroveratrole(TeCV = 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-5,6-DMB) was found in only a few specimens. This study supports our hypothesis offungi as a source of DAME in terrestrial runoff and indicates that other chlorinated secondary metabolites arepresent. DAME is widely distributed globally, and it would be good to have a better understanding of its sourcesand pathways as a marker of terrestrial organochlorines and their availability for bioaccumulation
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Björnsdotter, Maria, 1989-, et al.
(author)
-
Levels and Seasonal Trends of C1-C4 Perfluoroalkyl Acids and the Discovery of Trifluoromethane Sulfonic Acid in Surface Snow in the Arctic
- 2021
-
In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 55:23, s. 15853-15861
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- C1-C4 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are highly persistent chemicals that have been found in the environment. To date, much uncertainty still exists about their sources and fate. The importance of the atmospheric degradation of volatile precursors to C1-C4 PFAAs were investigated by studying their distribution and seasonal variation in remote Arctic locations. C1-C4 PFAAs were measured in surface snow on the island of Spitsbergen in the Norwegian Arctic during January-August 2019. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (TFMS) were detected in most samples, including samples collected at locations presumably receiving PFAA input solely from long-range processes. The flux of TFA, PFPrA, PFBA, and TFMS per precipitation event was in the ranges of 22-1800, 0.79-16, 0.19-170, and 1.5-57 ng/m2, respectively. A positive correlation between the flux of TFA, PFPrA, and PFBA with downward short-wave solar radiation was observed. No correlation was observed between the flux of TFMS and solar radiation. These findings suggest that atmospheric transport of volatile precursors and their subsequent degradation plays a major role in the global distribution of C2-C4 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and their consequential deposition in Arctic environments. The discovery of TFMS in surface snow at these remote Arctic locations suggests that TFMS is globally distributed. However, the transport mechanism to the Arctic environment remains unknown.
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| 28. |
- Carreras, A., et al.
(author)
-
In vivo genome and base editing of a human PCSK9 knock-in hypercholesterolemic mouse model
- 2019
-
In: Bmc Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7007. ; 17
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which regulates cholesterol homeostasis, has recently emerged as an approach to reduce cholesterol levels. The development of humanized animal models is an important step to validate and study human drug targets, and use of genome and base editing has been proposed as a mean to target disease alleles.ResultsTo address the lack of validated models to test the safety and efficacy of techniques to target human PCSK9, we generated a liver-specific human PCSK9 knock-in mouse model (hPCSK9-KI). We showed that plasma concentrations of total cholesterol were higher in hPCSK9-KI than in wildtype mice and increased with age. Treatment with evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets human PCSK9, reduced cholesterol levels in hPCSK9-KI but not in wildtype mice, showing that the hypercholesterolemic phenotype was driven by overexpression of human PCSK9. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing of human PCSK9 reduced plasma levels of human and not mouse PCSK9, and in parallel reduced plasma concentrations of total cholesterol; genome editing of mouse Pcsk9 did not reduce cholesterol levels. Base editing using a guide RNA that targeted human and mouse PCSK9 reduced plasma levels of human and mouse PCSK9 and total cholesterol. In our mouse model, base editing was more precise than genome editing, and no off-target editing nor chromosomal translocations were identified.ConclusionsHere, we describe a humanized mouse model with liver-specific expression of human PCSK9 and a human-like hypercholesterolemia phenotype, and demonstrate that this mouse can be used to evaluate antibody and gene editing-based (genome and base editing) therapies to modulate the expression of human PCSK9 and reduce cholesterol levels. We predict that this mouse model will be used in the future to understand the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic approaches for hypercholesterolemia.
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| 29. |
- Dalsätt, Johan, 1969-, et al.
(author)
-
Food remains in Confuciusornis sanctus suggest a fish diet.
- 2006
-
In: Die Naturwissenschaften. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-1042 .- 1432-1904. ; 93:9, s. 444-6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite hundreds of excellent fossils of Confuciusornis, the most abundant group of birds in the Early Cretaceous, 'Jehol Biota' in China, there is yet no indication of the food choice of these birds. Here, we describe fish remains preserved in the alimentary system of a specimen of Confuciusornis sanctus from the Jiufotang Formation. This find is about five million years younger than all previously published confuciusornithid birds from the Yixian Formation. Although it is unknown how common fish was in the diet of Confuciusornis, the find does not support previous hypotheses that it fed on plants or grain.
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| 30. |
- Ericson, Ann-Charlott, et al.
(author)
-
The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrin Secretion in Isolated Human Antral Glands : Before and After Ingestion of Red Chilli
- 2009
-
In: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; 54:3, s. 491-498
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Capsaicin is known to have regulatory effects on gastrointestinal functions via the vanilloid receptor (VR1). We reported previously that endocrine-like cells in the human antrum express VR1. Aim: To identify VR1-expressing endocrine-like cells in human antral glands and to examine whether stimulation with capsaicin causes release of gastrin, somatostatin, and serotonin. Further, to investigate the effects of a chilli-rich diet. Methods: Gastroscopic biopsies were received from 11 volunteers. Seven of the 11 subjects agreed to donor gastric biopsies a second time after a 3-week chilli-rich diet containing 1.4-4.2 mg capsaicin/day. VR1-immunoreactive cells were identified by double-staining immunohistochemistry against gastrin, somatostatin, and serotonin. For the stimulation studies, we used an in vitro method where antral glands in suspension were stimulated with 0.01 mM capsaicin and physiological buffer was added to the control vials. The concentrations of secreted hormones were detected and calculated with radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: The light microscopic examination revealed that VR1 was localized in gastrin cells. The secretory studies showed an increase in release of gastrin and somatostatin compared to the control vials (P = 0.003; P = 0.013). Capsaicin-stimulation caused a consistent raise of the gastrin concentrations in the gland preparations from all subjects. A chilli-rich diet had an inhibitory effect on gastrin release upon stimulation compared to the results that were obtained before the start of the diet. Conclusion: This study shows that capsaicin stimulates gastrin secretion from isolated human antral glands, and that a chilli-rich diet decreases this secretion.
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| 31. |
- Ericson, E., et al.
(author)
-
Hepatic patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 levels are increased in I148M risk allele carriers and correlate with NAFLD in humans
- 2022
-
In: Hepatology communications.. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2471-254X. ; 6:10, s. 2689-2701
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 variant is a contributor. In mice, the Pnpla3 148M variant accumulates on lipid droplets and probably leads to sequestration of a lipase cofactor leading to impaired mobilization of triglycerides. To advance our understanding of the localization and abundance of PNPLA3 protein in humans, we used liver biopsies from patients with NAFLD to investigate the link to NAFLD and the PNPLA3 148M genotype. We experimentally qualified an antibody against human PNPLA3. Hepatic PNPLA3 protein fractional area and localization were determined by immunohistochemistry in biopsies from a well-characterized NAFLD cohort of 67 patients. Potential differences in hepatic PNPLA3 protein levels among patients related to degree of steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis, and PNPLA3 I148M gene variants were assessed. Immunohistochemistry staining in biopsies from patients with NAFLD showed that hepatic PNPLA3 protein was predominantly localized to the membranes of small and large lipid droplets in hepatocytes. PNPLA3 protein levels correlated strongly with steatosis grade (p = 0.000027) and were also significantly higher in patients with lobular inflammation (p = 0.009), ballooning (p = 0.022), and significant fibrosis (stage 2-4, p = 0.014). In addition, PNPLA3 levels were higher in PNPLA3 rs738409 148M (CG, GG) risk allele carriers compared to 148I (CC) nonrisk allele carriers (p = 0.0029). Conclusion: PNPLA3 protein levels were associated with increased hepatic lipid content and disease severity in patients with NAFLD and were higher in PNPLA3 rs738409 (148M) risk allele carriers. Our hypothesis that increased hepatic levels of PNPLA3 may be part of the pathophysiological mechanism of NAFLD is supported.
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| 32. |
- Ericson, F, et al.
(author)
-
High-sensitivity surface micromachined structures for internal stress and stress gradient evaluation
- 1997
-
In: JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0960-1317. ; 7:1, s. 30-36
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The internal stress and stress gradient of thick (10 mu m) and thin (2 mu m) polysilicon films were evaluated with surface micromachined test structures. The structure that measured internal stress consisted of actuator beams rotating an indicator through
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Ericson, H, et al.
(author)
-
Reply to Sun et al
- 2019
-
In: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1872-6623 .- 0304-3959. ; 160:12, s. 2898-
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Ericson, Marica B, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
A spectroscopic study of the photobleaching of protoporphyrin IX in solution
- 2003
-
In: Lasers in Medical Science. - 0268-8921. ; 18:1, s. 56-62
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has developed into an important new clinical treatment for cancer during the past 30 years. The method is non-invasive and based on the photochemical activity of a photosensitising agent present in cells and tissues. In so-called ALA-PDT, protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) is induced from aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) applied topically or systemically. It has been shown that Pp IX is photodegraded by a photo-oxidation process and that its photoproducts have a characteristic absorption band around 670 nm, as observed both in solution and in cells incubated with ALA. In this study, the involvement of oxygen in the photobleaching process was verified by studying the effect of oxygen depletion using the freeze-pump-thaw (FPT) method. A solution of Pp IX in dimethylformamide (DMF) was exposed to light in the wavelength region 600-700 nm (peak centred at 620 (+/-25) nm) both in the presence and in the absence of oxygen. The bleaching process was observed by absorbance and fluorescence measurements. Photobleaching was observed in the presence of oxygen, as verified by the build-up of a photoproduct absorbing at 670 nm. When the sample was deoxygenated with the FPT method, the photoproduct absorption peak at 670 nm was missing. These results confirm that the formation of photo-protopor-phyrin is a photo-oxidation process and that no photobleaching takes place in the absence of oxygen. When comparing our results to the studies carried out by N-2 bubbling, the N-2 bubbling seems to be insufficient to remove the oxygen completely from the solution.
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| 39. |
- Ericson, Marica B, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Fluorescence contrast and threshold limit: implications for photodynamic diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma
- 2003
-
In: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B: Biology. - 1011-1344. ; 69:2, s. 121-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study was designed to evaluate what application time of delta-5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) results in highest contrast between tumour and normal skin, in the interval 1-4 h, when using photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) located on the face. Moreover, a value of the demarcation limit has been derived based on the fluorescence variation in normal skin adjacent to the tumour. Forty patients were included in the study, randomly allocated to four different groups with varying ALA application time in the range 1-4 h. The contrast, defined as the ratio between the fluorescence intensity in ALA-treated tumour tissue and normal skin, was calculated for each patient, and the mean values in each group were evaluated as a function of ALA application time. In addition, the fluorescence intensity variation in ALA-treated normal skin adjacent to the tumour was assessed. The results from this study show a peak of the mean contrast values after 3 h ALA application, but due to large interpatient variation, the mean contrast did not differ significantly in the interval 2-4 h. After 2 h ALA application, the fluorescence intensity variation in the normal ALA-treated skin was found to be at a maximum, which suggests that 2 h ALA application is not preferable when using PDD. Based on data of the fluorescence variation in ALA-treated normal skin after 3 and 4 h ALA application, a tolerance interval was calculated implying that values above 1.4 times the mean normal fluorescence indicate an abnormal condition. This tolerance limit agrees well with results obtained in a former study.
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| 40. |
- Ericson, Marica, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis at varying fluence rates : Assessment of photobleaching, pain and primary clinical outcome
- 2004
-
In: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 151, s. 1204-1212
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming an important treatment method for skin lesions such as actinic keratosis (AK) and superficial basal cell carcinoma, there are still discussions about which fluence rate and light dose are preferable. Recent studies in rodents have shown that a low fluence rate is preferable due to depletion of oxygen at high fluence rates. However, these results have not yet been verified in humans. Objectives: The objective was to investigate the impact of fluence rate and spectral range on primary treatment outcome and bleaching rate in AK using aminolaevulinic acid PDT. In addition, the pain experienced by the patients has been monitored during treatment. Patients/methods Thirty-seven patients (mean age 71 years) with AK located on the head, neck and upper chest were treated with PDT, randomly allocated to four groups: two groups with narrow filter (580-650 nm) and fluence rates of 30 or 45 mW cm-2, and two groups with broad filter (580-690 nm) and fluence rates of 50 or 75 mW cm-2. The total cumulative light dose was 100 J cm-2 in all treatments. Photobleaching was monitored by fluorescence imaging, and pain experienced by the patients was registered by using a visual analogue scale graded from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). The primary treatment outcome was evaluated at a follow-up visit after 7 weeks. Results: Our data showed a significant correlation between fluence rate and initial treatment outcome, where lower fluence rate resulted in favourable treatment response. Moreover, the photo-bleaching dose (1/e) was found to be related to fluence rate, ranging from 4.5 ± 1.0 J cm -2 at 30 mW cm-2, to 7.3 ± 0.7 J cm-2 at 75 mW cm-2, indicating higher oxygen levels in tissue at lower fluence rates. After a cumulative light dose of 40 J cm-2 no further photobleaching took place, implying that higher doses are excessive. No significant difference in pain experienced by the patients during PDT was observed in varying the fluence rate from 30 to 75 mW cm-2. However, the pain was found to be most intense up to a cumulative light dose of 20 J cm-2. Conclusions: Our results imply that the photobleaching rate and primary treatment outcome are dependent on fluence rate, and that a low fluence rate (30 mW cm-2) seems preferable when performing PDT of AK using noncoherent light sources.
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| 41. |
- Ericson, Per G P, 1956-, et al.
(author)
-
Subspecific identity of prehistoric Baltic cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo
- 1997
-
In: Ardea. - 0373-2266 .- 2213-1175. ; 85:1, s. 1-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cormorants of the subspecies Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis breed in large numbers in the Baltic Sea. They migrate to the Mediterranean region to winter and are then replaced in the Baltic by wintering individuals of the Norwegian population of the nominate subspecies carbo. Cormorants bred in the Baltic during prehistoric times too, but as evident from a comparison of skeletal measurements in present-day and prehistoric Cormorants, these individuals belonged to the nominate subspecies carbo. The Swedish subfossil record of the Cormorants available for study, does not include any remains small enough to suggest the presence of sinensis. Precisely when the subspecies sinensis immigrated into the Baltic is unknown, but it must have occurred sometime between 1500 and 1800 AD.
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| 42. |
- Ericson, Y, et al.
(author)
-
Faktablad från Integrerad kustfiskövervakning: Fjällbacka (Västerhavet) 1989-2015
- 2016
-
In: Faktablad 2016 från Inst för Akvatiska resurser, SLU. ; :2016:1
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Faktabladet presenterar resultat och bedömningar från den integrerade kustfiskövervakningen i Fjällbacka-området 1989-2015. Övervakningen visar att situationen för tånglake i Fjällbacka är ansträngd. En återhämtning kan dock skönjas de allra sista åren. Tidigare vikande fångster och en försämring av tånglakens hälsotillstånd samt yngelstatus antyder att arten påverkas negativt av omgivningsfaktorer såsom den ökande vattentemperaturen, syrenivåer och exponering för kemikalier.
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| 43. |
- Ericson, Y, et al.
(author)
-
Faktablad från Integrerad kustfiskövervakning: Holmön (Bottniska viken) 1989-2015.
- 2016
-
In: Faktablad 2016 från Inst för Akvatiska Resurser, SLU. ; :2016: 2
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Faktabladet presenterar resultat och bedömningar från den integrerade kustfiskövervakningen vid Holmön under tidsperioden 1989-2015. Övervakningen visar för varje år ett alltmer påverkat hälsotillstånd hos abborre trots att de flesta analyserade metaller och organiska miljögifter visar nedåtgående trender eller oförändrade halter. Den tydliga och successiva påverkan som ses på hälsotillståndet på individnivå har ännu inte resulterat i några påtagliga förändringar på bestånds- och samhällsnivå.
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| 44. |
- Ericson, Y, et al.
(author)
-
Faktablad från Integrerad kustfiskövervakning: Kvädöfjärden (Egentliga Östersjön) 1989-2015.
- 2016
-
In: Faktablad 2016 från Inst för Akvatiska Resurser, SLU. ; :2016:3
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Faktabladet presenterar resultat och bedömningar från den integrerade kustfiskövervakningen i Kvädöfjärden under tidsperioden 1989-2015. Kustfiskövervakningen visar på minskande karpfiskbestånd, minskad totalfångst av fisk och ett påverkat hälsotillstånd hos abborre och tånglake, samtidigt som de flesta analyserade miljögifter visar nedåtgående trender eller oförändrade halter.
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| 45. |
- Ericson, Y, et al.
(author)
-
Faktablad från Integrerad kustfiskövervakning: Torhamn (södra Egentliga Östersjön) 2002-2015
- 2016
-
In: Faktablad 2016 från Inst för Akvatiska resurser, SLU. ; :2016:4
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Faktabladet presenterar resultat och bedömningar från den integrerade kustfiskövervakningen i Torhamnsområdet under tidsperioden 2002-2015. Resultaten från tretton års undersökningar visar en alltmer tydlig påverkan på hälsotillståndet hos abborre liknande den som observeras hos abborre och tånglake i andra kustreferensområden. Denna tydliga och successiva påverkan som ses på abborrens hälsa på individnivå har ännu inte resulterat i några påtagliga förändringar på bestånds- eller samhällsnivå.
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| 46. |
- Gatenholm, Paul, 1956, et al.
(author)
-
3D Bioprinting of Human Skin
- 2015
-
In: Tissue Engineering Part A. - 1937-3341 .- 1937-335X. ; 21:Supplement 1
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 47. |
- Gilbert, M. Thomas P., et al.
(author)
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Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes
- 2008
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 105:24, s. 8327-8332
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report five new complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of Siberian woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), sequenced with up to 73-fold coverage from DNA extracted from hair shaft material. Three of the sequences present the first complete mtDNA genomes of mammoth clade II. Analysis of these and 13 recently published mtDNA genomes demonstrates the existence of two apparently sympatric mtDNA clades that exhibit high interclade divergence. The analytical power afforded by the analysis of the complete mtDNA genomes reveals a surprisingly ancient coalescence age of the two clades, approximate to 1-2 million years, depending on the calibration technique. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the temporal distribution of the C-14 ages of these and previously identified members of the two mammoth clades suggests that clade II went extinct before clade I. Modeling of protein structures failed to indicate any important functional difference between genomes belonging to the two clades, suggesting that the loss of clade II more likely is due to genetic drift than a selective sweep.
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| 48. |
- Gilbert, M. Thomas P., et al.
(author)
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Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of mitochondria from ancient hair shafts
- 2007
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 317:5846, s. 1927-1930
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although the application of sequencing-by-synthesis techniques to DNA extracted from bones has revolutionized the study of ancient DNA, it has been plagued by large fractions of contaminating environmental DNA. The genetic analyses of hair shafts could be a solution: We present 10 previously unexamined Siberian mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) mitochondrial genomes, sequenced with up to 48-fold coverage. The observed levels of damage-derived sequencing errors were lower than those observed in previously published frozen bone samples, even though one of the specimens was >50,000 14C years old and another had been stored for 200 years at room temperature. The method therefore sets the stage for molecular-genetic analysis of museum collections.
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| 49. |
- Grapengiesser, S., et al.
(author)
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Pain caused by photodynamic therapy of skin cancer
- 2002
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In: Clincal and Experimental Dermatology. - 0307-6938 .- 1365-2230. ; 27:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pain resulting from photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin cancer was investigated. The study included 69 lesions (60 patients) with different types of skin tumours or precursors. Protoporphyrin IX, which is produced by the topical application of delta-aminolevulinic acid, was used as a photosensitizing agent. Twenty-three of the lesions (19 patients) were examined with a fluorescence imaging system which demarcates the tumour area from the healthy skin and visualizes the contrast between the fluorescence from healthy skin and that from the tumour. EMLA is used on all patients as part of our routine PDT protocol but despite this the major side-effect of PDT is pain during treatment. There is a large variation in pain intensity experienced by the patients, as measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients with actinic keratoses experienced more pain than those with Bowen's disease or basal cell carcinoma. The mean VAS score was higher when treating lesions located on the head than when treating lesions on the torso or the extremities. Also, treatment of large skin areas resulted in more pain than treatment of small areas, and men experienced more pain than women. The pain experienced by the patients did not correlate with treatment dose, Fitzpatrick skin type, age or fluorescence intensity.
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| 50. |
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