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- Muscaritoli, M, et al.
(author)
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Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) "cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases" and "nutrition in geriatrics".
- 2010
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In: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1983 .- 0261-5614. ; 29:2, s. 154-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic diseases as well as aging are frequently associated with deterioration of nutritional status, loss muscle mass and function (i.e. sarcopenia), impaired quality of life and increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Although simple and effective tools for the accurate screening, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition have been developed during the recent years, its prevalence still remains disappointingly high and its impact on morbidity, mortality and quality of life clinically significant. Based on these premises, the Special Interest Group (SIG) on cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases was created within ESPEN with the aim of developing and spreading the knowledge on the basic and clinical aspects of cachexia and anorexia as well as of increasing the awareness of cachexia among health professionals and care givers. The definition, the assessment and the staging of cachexia, were identified as a priority by the SIG. This consensus paper reports the definition of cachexia, pre-cachexia and sarcopenia as well as the criteria for the differentiation between cachexia and other conditions associated with sarcopenia, which have been developed in cooperation with the ESPEN SIG on nutrition in geriatrics.
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| 13. |
- Pernice, P., et al.
(author)
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Electric field induced structural modification and second order optical nonlinearity in potassium niobium silicate glass
- 2009
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In: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3093 .- 1873-4812. ; 355:52-54, s. 2578-2582
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Second harmonic generation properties have been studied in 23 K2O center dot 27Nb(2)O(5) center dot 50 SiO2 glass subjected to thermal poling. The poling-induced optical nonlinearity. with chi((2)) = 3.8 pm/V, has been related to structural modifications within a surface layer of a few microns on the anode side, as evidenced by means of confocal micro-Raman mapping along the sample thickness. The data indicate that the structural changes result from a charge transport process that causes network modifications in an alkali depleted layer whose thickness is comparable with that of the non-linear region. The Raman data also indicate that in the alkali depleted layer the network polymerization degree increases as a consequence of ion migration. The origin of the nonlinearity and the mechanisms activated by poling are discussed. The mechanism of non-bridging-oxygen to bridging-oxygen bond switching is proposed to explain ion migration and the subsequent structural changes in the glass.
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- Aurell, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The inner structure of Zeldovich pancakes
- 2003
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In: Physica D. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2789 .- 1872-8022. ; 186:04-mar, s. 171-184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The evolution of a planar perturbation in a Einstein-de Sitter Universe is studied using a previously introduced Lagrangian scheme. An approximate discrete dynamical system is derived, which describes the mass agglomeration process. Quantitative predictions for the late-time mean density profile are obtained therefrom, and validated by numerical simulations. A simple but important result is that the characteristic scale of a mass agglomeration is an increasing function of cosmological time t. For one kind of initial conditions we further find a scaling regime for the density profile of a collapsing object. These results are compared with analogous investigations for the adhesion model (Burgers equation with positive viscosity). We further study the mutual motion of two mass agglomerations, and show that they oscillate around each other for long times, like two heavy particles. Individual particles in the two agglomerations do not mix effectively on the time scale of the inter-agglomeration motion.
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- Billings, Liana K., et al.
(author)
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The Influence of Rare Genetic Variation in SLC30A8 on Diabetes Incidence and beta-Cell Function
- 2014
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In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 99:5, s. 926-930
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context/Objective: The variant rs13266634 in SLC30A8, encoding a beta-cell-specific zinc transporter, is associated with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to identify other variants in SLC30A8 that increase diabetes risk and impair beta-cell function, and test whether zinc intake modifies this risk. Design/Outcome: We sequenced exons in SLC30A8 in 380 Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants and identified 44 novel variants, which were genotyped in 3445 DPP participants and tested for association with diabetes incidence and measures of insulin secretion and processing. We examined individual common variants and used gene burden tests to test 39 rare variants in aggregate. Results: We detected a near-nominal association between a rare-variant genotype risk score and diabetes risk. Five common variants were associated with the oral disposition index. Various methods aggregating rare variants demonstrated associations with changes in oral disposition index and insulinogenic index during year 1 of follow-up. We did not find a clear interaction of zinc intake with genotype on diabetes incidence. Conclusions: Individual common and an aggregate of rare genetic variation in SLC30A8 are associated with measures of beta-cell function in the DPP. Exploring rare variation may complement ongoing efforts to uncover the genetic influences that underlie complex diseases.
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- Carletti, T, et al.
(author)
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How to make an efficient propaganda
- 2006
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In: EUROPHYSICS LETTERS. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 74:2, s. 222-228
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 24. |
- Cedernaes, Jonathan, et al.
(author)
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Sleep restriction alters plasma endocannabinoids concentrations before but not after exercise in humans
- 2016
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In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 74, s. 258-268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following binding to cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids regulate a variety of central nervous system processes including appetite and mood. Recent evidence suggests that the systemic release of these lipid metabolites can be altered by acute exercise and that their levels also vary across the 24-h sleep-wake cycle. The present study utilized a within-subject design (involving 16 normal-weight men) to determine whether daytime circulating endocannabinoid concentrations differ following three nights of partial sleep deprivation (4.25-h sleep opportunity, 2:45–7a.m. each night) vs. normal sleep (8.5-h sleep opportunity, 10:30p.m.–7a.m. each night), before and after an acute bout of ergometer cycling in the morning. In addition, subjective hunger and stress were measured. Pre-exercise plasma concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) were 80% higher 1.5h after awakening (vs. normal sleep, p<0.05) when participants were sleep-deprived. This coincided with increased hunger ratings (+25% vs. normal sleep, p<0.05). Moreover, plasma 2AG was elevated 15min post-exercise (+44%, p<0.05). Sleep duration did not however modulate this exercise-induced rise. Finally, subjective stress was generally lower on the day after three nights of short sleep vs. normal sleep, especially after exercise (p<0.05). Given that activation of the endocannabinoid system has been previously shown to acutely increase appetite and mood, our results could suggest that behavioral effects of acute sleep loss, such as increased hunger and transiently improved psychological state, may partially result from activation of this signaling pathway. In contrast, more pronounced exercise-induced elevations of endocannabinoids appear to be less affected by short sleep duration. © 2016 The Author(s)
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- Morley, John E., et al.
(author)
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Sarcopenia With Limited Mobility : An International Consensus
- 2011
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In: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 12:6, s. 403-409
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A consensus conference convened by the Society of Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders has concluded that "Sarcopenia, le, reduced muscle mass, with limited mobility" should be considered an important clinical entity and that most older persons should be screened for this condition. "Sarcopenia with limited mobility" is defined as a person with muscle loss whose walking speed is equal to or less than 1 m/s or who walks less than 400 m during a 6-minute walk, and who has a lean appendicular mass corrected for height squared of 2 standard deviations or more below the mean of healthy persons between 20 and 30 years of age of the same ethnic group. The limitation in mobility should not clearly be a result of otherwise defined specific diseases of muscle, peripheral vascular disease with intermittent claudication, central and peripheral nervous system disorders, or cachexia. Clinically significant interventions are defined as an increase in the 6-minute walk of at least 50 meters or an increase of walking speed of at least 0.1 m/s.
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