| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(author)
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WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Beygui, F, et al.
(author)
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Pre-hospital management of patients with chest pain and/or dyspnoea of cardiac origin. A position paper of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACCA) of the ESC
- 2020
-
In: European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2048-8734 .- 2048-8726. ; 9:1_SUPPL1_suppl, s. 59-81
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chest pain and acute dyspnoea are frequent causes of emergency medical services activation. The pre-hospital management of these conditions is heterogeneous across different regions of the world and Europe, as a consequence of the variety of emergency medical services and absence of specific practical guidelines. This position paper focuses on the practical aspects of the pre-hospital treatment on board and transfer of patients taken in charge by emergency medical services for chest pain and dyspnoea of suspected cardiac aetiology after the initial assessment and diagnostic work-up. The objective of the paper is to provide guidance, based on evidence, where available, or on experts’ opinions, for all emergency medical services’ health providers involved in the pre-hospital management of acute cardiovascular care.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Barrett, Scott, et al.
(author)
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Social dimensions of fertility behavior and consumption patterns in the Anthropocene
- 2020
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 117:12, s. 6300-6307
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider two aspects of the human enterprise that profoundly affect the global environment: population and consumption. We show that fertility and consumption behavior harbor a class of externalities that have not been much noted in the literature. Both are driven in part by attitudes and preferences that are not egoistic but socially embedded; that is, each household's decisions are influenced by the decisions made by others. In a famous paper, Garrett Hardin [G. Hardin, Science 162, 1243-1248 (1968)] drew attention to overpopulation and concluded that the solution lay in people abandoning the freedom to breed. That human attitudes and practices are socially embedded suggests that it is possible for people to reduce their fertility rates and consumption demands without experiencing a loss in wellbeing. We focus on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa and consumption in the rich world and argue that bottom-up social mechanisms rather than top-down government interventions are better placed to bring about those ecologically desirable changes.
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| 12. |
- Chapin III, F. Stuart, et al.
(author)
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Earth stewardship : Shaping a sustainable future through interacting policy and norm shifts
- 2022
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:9, s. 1907-1920
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transformation toward a sustainable future requires an earth stewardship approach to shift society from its current goal of increasing material wealth to a vision of sustaining built, natural, human, and social capital—equitably distributed across society, within and among nations. Widespread concern about earth’s current trajectory and support for actions that would foster more sustainable pathways suggests potential social tipping points in public demand for an earth stewardship vision. Here, we draw on empirical studies and theory to show that movement toward a stewardship vision can be facilitated by changes in either policy incentives or social norms. Our novel contribution is to point out that both norms and incentives must change and can do so interactively. This can be facilitated through leverage points and complementarities across policy areas, based on values, system design, and agency. Potential catalysts include novel democratic institutions and engagement of non-governmental actors, such as businesses, civic leaders, and social movements as agents for redistribution of power. Because no single intervention will transform the world, a key challenge is to align actions to be synergistic, persistent, and scalable.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hardeland, C, et al.
(author)
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Description of call handling in emergency medical dispatch centres in Scandinavia: recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and dispatcher-assisted CPR
- 2021
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In: Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 29:1, s. 88-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThe European resuscitation council have highlighted emergency medical dispatch centres as an important key player for early recognition of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) and in providing dispatcher assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before arrival of emergency medical services. Early recognition is associated with increased bystander CPR and improved survival rates. The aim of this study is to describe OHCA call handling in emergency medical dispatch centres in Copenhagen (Denmark), Stockholm (Sweden) and Oslo (Norway) with focus on sensitivity of recognition of OHCA, provision of dispatcher-assisted CPR and time intervals when CPR is initiated during the emergency call (NO-CPRprior), and to describe OHCA call handling when CPR is initiated prior to the emergency call (CPRprior).MethodsBaseline data of consecutive OHCA eligible for inclusion starting January 1st 2016 were collected from respective cardiac arrest registries. A template based on the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival definition catalogue was used to extract data from respective cardiac arrest registries and from corresponding audio files from emergency medical dispatch centres. Cases were divided in two groups: NO-CPRpriorand CPRpriorand data collection continued until 200 cases were collected in the NO-CPRprior-group.ResultsNO-CPRpriorOHCA was recognised in 71% of the calls in Copenhagen, 83% in Stockholm, and 96% in Oslo. Abnormal breathing was addressed in 34, 7 and 98% of cases and CPR instructions were started in 50, 60, and 80%, respectively. Median time (mm:ss) to first chest compression was 02:35 (Copenhagen), 03:50 (Stockholm) and 02:58 (Oslo). Assessment of CPR quality was performed in 80, 74, and 74% of the cases. CPRpriorcomprised 71 cases in Copenhagen, 9 in Stockholm, and 38 in Oslo. Dispatchers still started CPR instructions in 41, 22, and 40% of the calls, respectively and provided quality assessment in 71, 100, and 80% in these respective instances.ConclusionsWe observed variations in OHCA recognition in 71–96% and dispatcher assisted-CPR were provided in 50–80% in NO-CPRpriorcalls. In cases where CPR was initiated prior to emergency calls, dispatchers were less likely to start CPR instructions but provided quality assessments during instructions.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Pietersz, R. N. I., et al.
(author)
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Prophylactic platelet transfusions
- 2012
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In: Vox Sanguinis. - : Wiley. - 0042-9007 .- 1423-0410. ; 103:2, s. 159-176
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 17. |
- Ringh, M, et al.
(author)
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The challenges and possibilities of public access defibrillation.
- 2018
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 283:3, s. 238-256
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major health problem that affects approximately four hundred and thousand patients annually in the United States alone. It is a major challenge for the emergency medical system as decreased survival rates are directly proportional to the time delay from collapse to defibrillation. Historically, defibrillation has only been performed by physicians and in-hospital. With the development of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), rapid defibrillation by nonmedical professionals and subsequently by trained or untrained lay bystanders has become possible. Much hope has been put to the concept of Public Access Defibrillation with a massive dissemination of public available AEDs throughout most Western countries. Accordingly, current guidelines recommend that AEDs should be deployed in places with a high likelihood of OHCA. Despite these efforts, AED use is in most settings anecdotal with little effect on overall OHCA survival. The major reasons for low use of public AEDs are that most OHCAs take place outside high incidence sites of cardiac arrest and that most OHCAs take place in residential settings, currently defined as not suitable for Public Access Defibrillation. However, the use of new technology for identification and recruitment of lay bystanders and nearby AEDs to the scene of the cardiac arrest as well as new methods for strategic AED placement redefines and challenges the current concept and definitions of Public Access Defibrillation. Existing evidence of Public Access Defibrillation and knowledge gaps and future directions to improve outcomes for OHCA are discussed. In addition, a new definition of the different levels of Public Access Defibrillation is offered as well as new strategies for increasing AED use in the society.
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| 18. |
- Rockström, Johan, et al.
(author)
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A safe operating space for humanity
- 2013
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In: The Future of Nature. - : Yale University Press. - 9780300184617 ; , s. 491-501
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 19. |
- Rockström, Johan, et al.
(author)
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A safe operating space for humanity
- 2009
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 461:7263, s. 472-475
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 20. |
- Ruggeri, Kai, et al.
(author)
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The general fault in our fault lines
- 2021
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In: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 5:10, s. 1369-1380
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pervading global narratives suggest that political polarization is increasing, yet the accuracy of such group meta-perceptions has been drawn into question. A recent US study suggests that these beliefs are inaccurate and drive polarized beliefs about out-groups. However, it also found that informing people of inaccuracies reduces those negative beliefs. In this work, we explore whether these results generalize to other countries. To achieve this, we replicate two of the original experiments with 10,207 participants across 26 countries. We focus on local group divisions, which we refer to as fault lines. We find broad generalizability for both inaccurate meta-perceptions and reduced negative motive attribution through a simple disclosure intervention. We conclude that inaccurate and negative group meta-perceptions are exhibited in myriad contexts and that informing individuals of their misperceptions can yield positive benefits for intergroup relations. Such generalizability highlights a robust phenomenon with implications for political discourse worldwide.
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| 21. |
- Walker, Brian, et al.
(author)
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Response diversity as a sustainability strategy
- 2023
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In: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 6:6, s. 621-629
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Financial advisers recommend a diverse portfolio to respond to market fluctuations across sectors. Similarly, nature has evolved a diverse portfolio of species to maintain ecosystem function amid environmental fluctuations. In urban planning, public health, transport and communications, food production, and other domains, however, this feature often seems ignored. As we enter an era of unprecedented turbulence at the planetary level, we argue that ample responses to this new reality — that is, response diversity — can no longer be taken for granted and must be actively designed and managed. We describe here what response diversity is, how it is expressed and how it can be enhanced and lost.
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| 22. |
- Berkes, F., et al.
(author)
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Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as adaptive management
- 2000
-
In: Ecological Applications. - : Ecological Society of America. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 10:5, s. 1251-1262
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. We surveyed the international literature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management. These include multiple species management, resource rotation, succession management, landscape patchiness management, and other ways of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. Social mechanisms behind these traditional practices include a number of adaptations for the generation, accumulation, and transmission of knowledge; the use of local institutions to provide leaders/stewards and rules for social regulation; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and the development of appropriate world views and cultural values. Some traditional knowledge and management systems were characterized by the use of local ecological knowledge to interpret and respond to feedbacks from the environment to guide the direction of resource management. These traditional systems had certain similarities to adaptive management with its emphasis on feedback learning, and its treatment of uncertainty and unpredictability intrinsic to all ecosystems.
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| 23. |
- Biermann, F., et al.
(author)
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Navigating the Anthropocene: Improving Earth System Governance
- 2012
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 335:6074, s. 1306-1307
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The United Nations conference in Rio de Janeiro in June is an important opportunity to improve the institutional framework for sustainable development.
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| 24. |
- Björk, Folke., et al.
(author)
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Degradation of components in flooring systems in humid and alkaline environments
- 2003
-
In: Construction and Building Materials. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 17:3, s. 213-221
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Constituents from products that are used in the flooring on a concrete slab such as carpets of plasticised PVC and water-based adhesives sometimes degrade in an alkaline and humid environment. The concrete itself could be such an environment. In order to examine the effect of different levels of alkalinity and humidity on the mentioned products a specialised procedure was developed. By this procedure it was possible to imitate the effect of an environment of alkalinity and humidity corresponding to a recently produced concrete slab on different substances and also collect volatile degradation products produced. Degradation of some of the constituents was dependent on the levels of alkalinity and humidity, although there were significant differences in the possibility to resist the environmental factors. For some of the components, an increase in alkalinity resulted in a much higher production of degradation products even when the relative humidity was kept on a comparatively low level. The results give basis for a recommendation not to adhere plastic floorings directly to a recently produced slab of high-quality concrete because the alkaline material in the concrete could cause degradation.
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| 25. |
- Björk, Folke., et al.
(author)
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Roof membranes - The Swedish practice in light of EOTA TB 97/24/9.3.1 PT3 durability
- 2000
-
In: Materials and Structures. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 33:228, s. 270-277
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The practice for roof membranes for flat and low-slope roofs has substantially developed during the last two decades of the twentieth century. New technical solutions have been introduced and building codes and guidelines have been changed. The development of technical solutions preceded the scientific work. However, the scientific work did help to develop the technical practice for enhanced performance. The development described in this paper has much in common with recently published EOTA-guidelines regarding Assessment of service life.
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| 26. |
- Blenckner, Thorsten, et al.
(author)
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Climate and fishing steer ecosystem regeneration to uncertain economic futures
- 2015
-
In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 282:1803
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Overfishing of large predatory fish populations has resulted in lasting restructurings of entire marine food webs worldwide, with serious socioeconomic consequences. Fortunately, some degraded ecosystems show signs of recovery. A key challenge for ecosystem management is to anticipate the degree to which recovery is possible. By applying a statistical food-web model, using the Baltic Sea as a case study, we show that under current temperature and salinity conditions, complete recovery of this heavily altered ecosystem will be impossible. Instead, the ecosystem regenerates towards a new ecological baseline. This new baseline is characterized by lower and more variable biomass of cod, the commercially most important fish stock in the Baltic Sea, even under very low exploitation pressure. Furthermore, a socio-economic assessment shows that this signal is amplified at the level of societal costs, owing to increased uncertainty in biomass and reduced consumer surplus. Specifically, the combined economic losses amount to approximately 120 million E per year, which equals half of today's maximum economic yield for the Baltic cod fishery. Our analyses suggest that shifts in ecological and economic baselines can lead to higher economic uncertainty and costs for exploited ecosystems, in particular, under climate change.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Chapin, F. Stuart, III, et al.
(author)
-
Ecosystem stewardship : sustainability strategies for a rapidly changing planet
- 2010
-
In: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 25:4, s. 241-249
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ecosystem stewardship is an action-oriented framework intended to foster the social ecological sustainability of a rapidly changing planet. Recent developments identify three strategies that make optimal use of current understanding in an environment of inevitable uncertainty and abrupt change: reducing the magnitude of, and exposure and sensitivity to, known stresses; focusing on proactive policies that shape change; and avoiding or escaping unsustainable social ecological traps. As we discuss here, all social ecological systems are vulnerable to recent and projected changes but have sources of adaptive capacity and resilience that can sustain ecosystem services and human well-being through active ecosystem stewardship.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Chapin, III F.S., et al.
(author)
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Resilience-based stewardship : Strategies for navigating sustainable pathways in a changing world.
- 2009
-
In: Principles of ecosystem stewardship. - New York : Springer Verlag. - 9780387730332 ; , s. 319-337
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Accelerated global changes in climate, environment, and social–ecological systems demand a transformation in human perceptions of our place in nature and patterns of resource use. The biology and culture of Homo sapiens evolved for about 95% of our species’ history in hunting-and-gathering societies before the emergence of settled agriculture. We have lived in complex societies for about 3%, and in industrial societies using fossil fuels for about 0.1% of our history. The pace of cultural evolution, including governance arrangements and resource-use patterns, appears insufficient to adjust to the rate and magnitude of technological innovations, human population increases, and environmental impacts that have occurred. Many of these changes are accelerating, causing unsustainable exploitation of ecosystems, including many boreal and tropical forests, drylands, and marine fisheries. The net effect has been serious degradation of the planet’s life-support system on which societal development ultimately depends (see Chapters 2 and 14.
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| 32. |
- Chapin III, F.S., et al.
(author)
-
A Framework for Understanding Change.
- 2009
-
In: Principles of Ecosystem Stewardship. - New York : Springer Verlag. ; , s. 3-28
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 33. |
- Folke, Carl, et al.
(author)
-
Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere
- 2021
-
In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 50:4, s. 834-869
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding to such change for global sustainability and resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of the current situation where people and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the biosphere, placing shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic; humanity has become the major force in shaping the future of the Earth system as a whole; and the scale and pace of the human dimension have caused climate change, rapid loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities, and loss of resilience to deal with uncertainty and surprise. Taken together, human actions are challenging the biosphere foundation for a prosperous development of civilizations. The Anthropocene reality-of rising system-wide turbulence-calls for transformative change towards sustainable futures. Emerging technologies, social innovations, broader shifts in cultural repertoires, as well as a diverse portfolio of active stewardship of human actions in support of a resilient biosphere are highlighted as essential parts of such transformations.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Folke, Carl, et al.
(author)
-
The problem of fit between ecosystems and institutions: ten years later
- 2007
-
In: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 12:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The problem of fit is about the interplay between the human and ecosystem dimensions in social-ecological systems that are not just linked but truly integrated. This interplay takes place across temporal and spatial scales and institutional and organizational levels in systems that are increasingly being interpreted as complex adaptive systems. In 1997, we were invited to produce one of three background papers related to a, at that time, new initiative called Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (IDEG), a research activity of the International Human Dimensions Program of Global Environmental Change (IHDP). The paper, which exists as a discussion paper of the IHDP, has generated considerable interest. Here we publish the original paper 10 years later with an extended introduction and with reflections on some of the issues raised in the original paper concerning problems of fit.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Folke, Carl, et al.
(author)
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Transnational corporations and the challenge of biosphere stewardship
- 2019
-
In: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 3:10, s. 1396-1403
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sustainability within planetary boundaries requires concerted action by individuals, governments, civil society and private actors. For the private sector, there is concern that the power exercised by transnational corporations generates, and is even central to, global environmental change. Here, we ask under which conditions transnational corporations could either hinder or promote a global shift towards sustainability. We show that a handful of transnational corporations have become a major force shaping the global intertwined system of people and planet. Transnational corporations in agriculture, forestry, seafood, cement, minerals and fossil energy cause environmental impacts and possess the ability to influence critical functions of the biosphere. We review evidence of current practices and identify six observed features of change towards 'corporate biosphere stewardship', with significant potential for upscaling. Actions by transnational corporations, if combined with effective public policies and improved governmental regulations, could substantially accelerate sustainability efforts.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Garmestani, Ahjond, et al.
(author)
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Untapped capacity for resilience in environmental law
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:40, s. 19899-19904
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the past several decades, environmental governance has made substantial progress in addressing environmental change, but emerging environmental problems require new innovations in law, policy, and governance. While expansive legal reform is unlikely to occur soon, there is untapped potential in existing laws to address environmental change, both by leveraging adaptive and transformative capacities within the law itself to enhance social-ecological resilience and by using those laws to allow social-ecological systems to adapt and transform. Legal and policy research to date has largely overlooked this potential, even though it offers a more expedient approach to addressing environmental change than waiting for full-scale environmental law reform. We highlight examples from the United States and the European Union of untapped capacity in existing laws for fostering resilience in social-ecological systems. We show that governments and other governance agents can make substantial advances in addressing environmental change in the short term-without major legal reform-by exploiting those untapped capacities, and we offer principles and strategies to guide such initiatives.
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| 41. |
- Gordon, Line J., et al.
(author)
-
Human modification of global water vapor flows from the land surface
- 2005
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 102:21, s. 7612-7617
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is well documented that human modification of the hydrological cycle has profoundly affected the flow of liquid water across the Earth’s land surface. Alteration of water vapor flows through land-use changes has received comparatively less attention, despite compelling evidence that such alteration can influence the functioning of the Earth System. We show that deforestation is as large a driving force as irrigation in terms of changes in the hydrological cycle. Deforestation has decreased global vapor flows from land by 4% (3,000 km3/yr), a decrease that is quantitatively as large as the increased vapor flow caused by irrigation (2,600 km3/yr). Although the net change in global vapor flows is close to zero, the spatial distributions of deforestation and irrigation are different, leading to major regional transformations of vapor-flow patterns. We analyze these changes in the light of future land-use-change projections that suggest widespread deforestation in sub-Saharan Africa and intensification of agricultural production in the Asian monsoon region. Furthermore, significant modification of vapor flows in the lands around the Indian Ocean basin will increase the risk for changes in the behavior of the Asian monsoon system. This analysis suggests that the need to increase food production in one region may affect the capability to increase food production in another. At the scale of the Earth as a whole, our results emphasize the need for climate models to take land-use change, in both land cover and irrigation, into account.
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| 42. |
- Granne, F., et al.
(author)
-
Joints between roofing felt and sheet metal flashings - short- and long-term tests
- 2000
-
In: Construction and Building Materials. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 14:07-jun, s. 375-383
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The adhesion between roofing felt and sheet metal flashings has been measured and analysed and test methods for this have been developed. Both bituminous and polymeric roofing felts have been used. The steel has been PVC-coated galvanised steel sheets and the bituminous roofing felts have been of both SBS and APP modified type. All the joints have been made with heat welding. The tests show that it is possible to obtain joints with sufficient strength using the contractors ordinary welding procedures.
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| 43. |
- Granne, F., et al.
(author)
-
Wind load resistance tests of heat-welded joints between roofing felt and sheet metal flashings
- 2003
-
In: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 17:5, s. 319-324
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The wind load resistance of joints between roofing felt and sheet metal has been measured in a wind uplift chamber. Both bituminous and polymeric roofing felts have been used. The sheet metal has been PVC-coated galvanised steel sheets and the bituminous roofing felts have been of both SBS and APP modified type. All the joints have been made by heat welding. The tests show that peeling is the dominating process in the failure of joints during wind load.
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| 44. |
- Homer-Dixon, Thomas, et al.
(author)
-
Synchronous failure : the emerging causal architecture of global crisis
- 2015
-
In: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 20:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent global crises reveal an emerging pattern of causation that could increasingly characterize the birth and progress of future global crises. A conceptual framework identifies this pattern's deep causes, intermediate processes, and ultimate outcomes. The framework shows how multiple stresses can interact within a single social-ecological system to cause a shift in that system's behavior, how simultaneous shifts of this kind in several largely discrete social-ecological systems can interact to cause a far larger intersystemic crisis, and how such a larger crisis can then rapidly propagate across multiple system boundaries to the global scale. Case studies of the 2008-2009 financial-energy and food-energy crises illustrate the framework. Suggestions are offered for future research to explore further the framework's propositions.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Katznelson, Hannah, et al.
(author)
-
Reflective Functioning, Psychotherapeutic Alliance, and Outcome in Two Psychotherapies for Bulimia Nervosa
- 2020
-
In: Psychotherapy. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0033-3204 .- 1939-1536. ; 57:2, s. 129-140
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mentalization is a developmental achievement defined as the capacity to understand behavior in terms of mental states. This study investigated mentalization in psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PPT) and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) through a secondary data analysis of findings from a randomized controlled trial for bulimia nervosa. It was hypothesized that mentalization would predict alliance and outcome in both treatments, whereas increase in mentalization was only expected after PPT. Furthermore, it was investigated whether change in mentalization predicted symptom change. A total of 70 participants with bulimia nervosa were randomized to PPT or CBT. Participants were assessed at 3 time points with the Eating Disorder Examination and the Adult Attachment Interview (rated for reflective functioning [RF]). Therapy sessions were rated with the Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale. Higher intake RF significantly predicted better alliance, whereas no association was observed between RF and outcome. A significant interaction between time, therapy type, and RF found RF improving more in PPT than in CBT. There was a significant association between RF change and symptom change in the PPT group. The study suggests a relation between RF and psychotherapy process, whereas the relation between RF and outcome is more complex. Furthermore, PPT seems to enhance mentalization, which seems related to symptomatic improvement, suggesting that mentalization might serve as a specific mechanism of change in PPT.
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| 49. |
- Lagerberg, Johan W., et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of the quality of blood components obtained after automated separation of whole blood by a new multiunit processor
- 2013
-
In: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 53:8, s. 1798-1807
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Reveos system (Terumo BCT) is a fully automated device able to process four whole blood (WB) units simultaneously into a plasma unit, a red blood cell (RBC) unit, and an interim platelet (PLT) unit (IPU). Multiple IPUs can be pooled to form a transfusable PLT product. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality of components made with the Reveos system from either fresh (2-8hr) or overnight-held WB. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A prototype of the Reveos system was used to process WB. RBCs were resuspended in SAGM, leukoreduced, and assayed for in vitro quality variables during a 42-day storage period at 2 to 6 degrees C. Twenty-four-hour in vivo recovery was determined on Day42. Plasma was assayed for cellular contamination and activation variables. IPUs were pooled with SSP+ additive solution for in vitro quality assessments during a 7-day storage period at room temperature. RESULTS: Reveos-produced RBCs and plasma units met the predefined requirements. RBC recovery was superior to control units. On Day42, hemolysis was below 0.8% and in vivo recovery was above 75% for all RBCs. Cellular contamination was lower for Reveos-produced plasma. PLT yield was higher with overnight-stored WB. PLT quality was well maintained during storage with no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Blood components prepared with the Reveos from fresh or overnight-held WB meet quality criteria without any relevant difference between the two groups. The Reveos system has the potential to increase efficacy and standardization of blood component preparation.
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- Mathevet, Raphaël, et al.
(author)
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Protected areas and their surrounding territory : socioecological systems in the context of ecological solidarity
- 2016
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In: Ecological Applications. - : Wiley. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 26:1, s. 5-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The concept of ecological solidarity (ES) is a major feature of the 2006 law reforming national park policy in France. In the context of biodiversity conservation, the objectives of this study are to outline the historical development of ES, provide a working defi nition, and present a method for its implementation that combines environmental pragmatism and adaptive management. First, we highlight how ES provides a focus on the interdependencies among humans and nonhuman components of the socioecological system. In doing so, we identify ES within a framework that distinguishes ecological, socioecological, and sociopolitical interdependencies. In making such interdependencies apparent to humans who are not aware of their existence, the concept of ES promotes collective action as an alternative or complementary approach to state-or market-based approaches. By focusing on the awareness, feelings, and acknowledgement of interdependencies between actors and between humans and nonhumans, we present and discuss a learning-based approach (participatory modeling) that allows stakeholders to work together to construct cultural landscapes for present and future generations. Using two case studies, we show how an ES analysis goes beyond the ecosystem management approach to take into account how human interactions with the environment embody cultural, social, and economic values and endorse an ethically integrated science of care and responsibility. ES recognizes the diversity of these values as a practical foundation for socially engaged and accountable actions. Finally, we discuss how ES enhances academic support for a socioecological systems approach to biodiversity conservation and promotes collaboration with decision-makers and stakeholders involved in the adaptive management of protected areas and their surrounding landscapes.
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