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1.
  • Albrecht, Daniel S., et al. (author)
  • Brain glial activation in fibromyalgia - A multi-site positron emission tomography investigation
  • 2019
  • In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 75, s. 72-83
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Fibromyalgia (FM) is a poorly understood chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. While mounting evidence suggests a role for neuroinflammation, no study has directly provided evidence of brain glial activation in FM. In this study, we conducted a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) study using [C-11]PBR28, which binds to the translocator protein (TSPO), a protein upregulated in activated microglia and astrocytes. To enhance statistical power and generalizability, we combined datasets collected independently at two separate institutions (Massachusetts General Hospital [MGH] and Karolinska Institutet [KI]). In an attempt to disentangle the contributions of different glial cell types to FM, a smaller sample was scanned at KI with [C-11]-L-deprenyl-D2 PET, thought to primarily reflect astrocytic (but not microglial) signal. Thirty-one FM patients and 27 healthy controls (HC) were examined using [C-11]PBR28 PET. 11 FM patients and 11 HC were scanned using [C-11]-L-deprenyl-D2 PET. Standardized uptake values normalized by occipital cortex signal (SUVR) and distribution volume (V-T) were computed from the [C-11]PBR28 data. [C-11]-L-deprenyl-D2 was quantified using lambda k(3). PET imaging metrics were compared across groups, and when differing across groups, against clinical variables. Compared to HC, FM patients demonstrated widespread cortical elevations, and no decreases, in [C-11]PBR28 ITT and SUVR, most pronounced in the medial and lateral walls of the frontal and parietal lobes. No regions showed significant group differences in [C-11]-L-deprenyl-Ds signal, including those demonstrating elevated [C-11] PBR28 signal in patients (p's >= 0.53, uncorrected). The elevations in [C-11]PBR28 V-T and SUVR were correlated both spatially (i.e., were observed in overlapping regions) and, in several areas, also in terms of magnitude. In exploratory, uncorrected analyses, higher subjective ratings of fatigue in FM patients were associated with higher [C-11] PBR28 SUVR in the anterior and posterior middle cingulate cortices (p's < 0.03). SUVR was not significantly associated with any other clinical variable. Our work provides the first in vivo evidence supporting a role for glial activation in FM pathophysiology. Given that the elevations in [C-11]PBR28 signal were not also accompanied by increased [C-11]-deprenyl-D2 signal, our data suggests that microglia, but not astrocytes, may be driving the TSPO elevation in these regions. Although [C-11]-L-deprenyl-D2 signal was not found to be increased in FM patients, larger studies are needed to further assess the role of possible astrocytic contributions in FM. Overall, our data support glial modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy for FM.
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2.
  • Amer, Ayad, et al. (author)
  • YopN and TyeA Hydrophobic Contacts Required for Regulating Ysc-Yop Type III Secretion Activity by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
  • 2016
  • In: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2235-2988. ; 6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Yersinia bacteria target Yop effector toxins to the interior of host immune cells by the Ysc-Yop type III secretion system. A YopN-TyeA heterodimer is central to controlling Ysc-Yop targeting activity. A + 1 frameshift event in the 3-prime end of yopN can also produce a singular secreted YopN-TyeA polypeptide that retains some regulatory function even though the C-terminal coding sequence of this YopN differs greatly from wild type. Thus, this YopN C-terminal segment was analyzed for its role in type III secretion control. Bacteria producing YopN truncated after residue 278, or with altered sequence between residues 279 and 287, had lost type III secretion control and function. In contrast, YopN variants with manipulated sequence beyond residue 287 maintained full control and function. Scrutiny of the YopN-TyeA complex structure revealed that residue W279 functioned as a likely hydrophobic contact site with TyeA. Indeed, a YopNW279G mutant lost all ability to bind TyeA. The TyeA residue F8 was also critical for reciprocal YopN binding. Thus, we conclude that specific hydrophobic contacts between opposing YopN and TyeA termini establishes a complex needed for regulating Ysc-Yop activity.
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3.
  • Behzadi, Arvin, 1994- (author)
  • Biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • 2024
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to paresis, muscle atrophy, and respiratory failure. ALS can be difficult to diagnose and prognosticate early.Aim: To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic characteristics of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and skeletal muscle tissue in patients with ALS.Paper I: Neurofilament light chain (NFL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH) were analyzed in CSF using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and NFL in plasma was analyzed using single-molecule array (SIMOA). CSF NFL, CSF pNFH, and plasma NFL concentrations can differentiate ALS patients from ALS mimics, and were significantly negatively correlated with the disease duration in ALS patients.Paper II: Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in extraocular muscles were investigated using immunofluorescence. Control donors had significantly higher proportion of myofibers containing MyHCIIa and significantly lower proportion of myofibers containing MyHCeom in the global layer compared to spinal-onset ALS and bulbar-onset ALS donors. Disease duration in the spinal-onset ALS donors was significantly correlated with the proportion of myofibers containing MyHCIIa in the global layer and MyHCeom in the orbital layer.Paper III: The study combined the neurofilament concentrations from Paper I, with cytokines previously analyzed in CSF and plasma using SIMOA, to investigate distinct molecular phenotypes in ALS. Patients with bulbar-onset ALS had significantly higher concentrations of CSF tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) compared to ALS mimics. TNF-α and NFL were significantly correlated with each other in both CSF and plasma in ALS patients. Combined analysis of NFL and IL-6 in plasma identified molecular prognostic subgroups in ALS patients.Paper IV: Creatine kinase (CK), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), hs-cTnI, and cystatin C (CysC) were analyzed in plasma in a fully accredited laboratory. CK and hs-cTnT concentrations were significantly elevated in limb-onset ALS compared to controls and bulbar-onset ALS. hs-cTnT concentrations were significantly elevated in truncal-onset ALS compared to controls and bulbar-onset ALS. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models indicated elevated concentrations of CysC as a significant marker for worse prognosis in ALS.Conclusions: The papers report diagnostic and prognostic characteristics of biomarkers in CSF, plasma, and muscle tissue in ALS patients. The significant findings for biomarkers in plasma could be of value since plasma sampling does not involve a lumbar puncture.
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6.
  • Behzadi, Arvin, et al. (author)
  • Neurofilaments can differentiate ALS subgroups and ALS from common diagnostic mimics.
  • 2021
  • In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are frequent in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common form of motor neuron disease (MND). Neurofilament light chain (NFL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH) are elevated in ALS patients. We retrospectively quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NFL, CSF pNFH and plasma NFL in stored samples that were collected at the diagnostic work-up of ALS patients (n=234), ALS mimics (n=44) and controls (n=9). We assessed the diagnostic performance, prognostication value and relationship to the site of onset and genotype. CSF NFL, CSF pNFH and plasma NFL levels were significantly increased in ALS patients compared to patients with neuropathies & myelopathies, patients with myopathies and controls. Furthermore, CSF pNFH and plasma NFL levels were significantly higher in ALS patients than in patients with other MNDs. Bulbar onset ALS patients had significantly higher plasma NFL levels than spinal onset ALS patients. ALS patients with C9orf72HREmutations had significantly higher plasma NFL levels than patients withSOD1mutations. Survival was negatively correlated with all three biomarkers. Receiver operating characteristics showed the highest area under the curve for CSF pNFH for differentiating ALS from ALS mimics and for plasma NFL for estimating ALS short and long survival. Allthree biomarkers have diagnostic value in differentiating ALS from clinically relevant ALS mimics. Plasma NFL levels can be used to differentiate between clinical and genetic ALS subgroups.
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7.
  • Bendtsen Kronkvist, Maria, et al. (author)
  • Service user participation in decision-making : a qualitative study from a services user’s perspective
  • 2023
  • In: Journal of Public Mental Health. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1746-5729 .- 2042-8731. ; 22:4, s. 157-169
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe participation in decision-making among service users with severe mental illness.Design/methodology/approach: Service users want to participate in decision-making and in the planning of their care. There are widely known methods, such as shared decision-making, that could be used to facilitate service user participation. Three focus group interviews were conducted with the participation of 14 persons with mental illness and/or substance abuse who were service users at two Swedish Homes for Care and Residence (HVB). Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.Findings: Two themes emerged: service users’ involvement in decisions is hampered by the professionals’ approach and adequate information and experience of participation means greater empowerment.Research limitations/implications: Although it is known that service users would like to have more influence, and that methods like shared decision-making are recommended to empower service users and improve the decision process, research on these matters is limited.Practical implications: This study reveals that there is a need of more systematic decisional support, such as shared decision-making, so that service users can be seen as important persons not only in guidelines and policy documents but also in clinical practice.Social implications: The findings indicate that service users do not participate in decisions systematically, although policies, guidelines and laws providing that service users should be offered an active part in decision-making with regard to their care and treatment.Originality/value: Although it is known that service users would like to have more influence, and that methods like shared decision-making are recommended to empower service users and improve their decision process, research on these matters is limited. The findings indicate that service users do not participate in decisions systematically, even though policies, guidelines and laws are in place stipulating that service users should be offered an active part in decision-making with regard to their own care and treatment. The results of this project bring improvement opportunities to light.
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8.
  • Bendtsen Kronkvist, Maria, et al. (author)
  • User participation in decision-making : a qualitative intervention study on mental health professionals’ experiences
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Public Mental Health. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1746-5729 .- 2042-8731. ; 21:3, s. 250-261
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe mental health professionals’ experiences of changes in attitudes towards, and knowledge about, users of mental health-care recovery and decisional participation in clinical practice after an educational intervention.Design/methodology/approach: Users of mental health care want to participate in decisions regarding their own mental health care. Shared decision-making as a method is coherent with recovery orientation in mental health services and results in better-informed patients and fewer conflicts regarding decisions. A qualitative intervention study was designed to evaluate changes in attitudes and knowledge about mental health recovery in Sweden. Nine participants were interviewed, and the data were analysed by content analysis.Findings: Three categories were generated from the analysis: Increased theoretical knowledge, changing attitudes about practical approaches and the significance of social factors in recovery.Originality/value: When shared decision-making is to be implemented in mental health, professionals need to gain knowledge about recovery and need to adopt changed roles as health professionals. Educational interventions therefore seem necessary if such changes are to happen.
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  • Darreh-Shori, Taher, et al. (author)
  • Differential levels of apolipoprotein E and butyrylcholinesterase show strong association with pathological signs of Alzheimer's disease in the brain in vivo
  • 2011
  • In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 32:12, s. 2320.e15-2320.e32
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Recently, we reported that 3 of the known risk factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e., advanced age, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4, and female gender, are associated with differential levels of ApoE proteins and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients. The ApoE ε4 allele and certain BuChE polymorphisms synergistically affect the conversion rate of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Here, we investigated interrelationships between ApoE and BuChE levels, and pathological markers of AD in vivo. CSF from patients with probable AD, assessed for cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc; n = 50) and Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) retention (β-amyloid [Aβ] load, n = 29) by positron emission tomography (PET), was used for measurement of BuChE, ApoE, Aβ, tau, phosphorylated tau (P-tau) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. Levels of ApoE and BuChE strongly correlated with CMRglc (fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG]-PET, r = 0.54, p < 0.0001, n = 50), cerebral Aβ load (PIB retention, r = 0.73, p < 0.0001, n = 29), and CSF P-tau (r = 0.73, p < 0.0001, n = 33). High ApoE protein was tied to low CMRglc and high PIB retention and P-tau. BuChE levels had opposite relationships. Other CSF covariates were levels of interleukin-1β and Aβ42peptide. The pattern of the patients' cognitive Z-scores strongly supported these observations. High ApoE protein was also linked to changes in 3 of the biodynamic properties of BuChE. In vitro analysis indicated that high ApoE protein levels were related to an increased pool of dormant BuChE molecules with an abnormally high intrinsic catalytic rate in CSF, which was “turned on” by excess Aβ peptides. The findings suggest that abnormally high levels of ApoE may play a causative role in the pathological events of AD, particularly those involving the early cholinergic deficit in the AD brain, through modulation of cholinesterases activities, hence disturbing the acetylcholine-dependent activity of neurons and nonexcitable cells such as glial cells.
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10.
  • Engler, Henry, et al. (author)
  • Two-year follow-up of amyloid deposition in patients with Alzheimer's disease
  • 2006
  • In: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 129:Pt 11, s. 2856-2866
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Beta amyloid is one of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. We recently reported in vivo imaging of amyloid in 16 Alzheimer patients, using the PET ligand N-methyl[11C]2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxy-benzothiazole (PIB). In the present study we rescanned these 16 Alzheimer patients after 2.0 +/- 0.5 years and have described the interval change in amyloid deposition and regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRGlc) at follow-up. Sixteen patients with Alzheimer's disease were re-examined by means of PET, using PIB and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) after 2.0 +/- 0.5 years. The patients were all on cholinesterase inhibitor treatment and five also on treatment with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist memantine. In order to estimate the accuracy of the PET PIB measurements, four additional Alzheimer patients underwent repeated examinations with PIB within 20 days (test-retest). Relative PIB retention in cortical regions differed by 3-7% in the test-retest study. No significant difference in PIB retention was observed between baseline and follow-up while a significant (P < 0.01) 20% decrease in rCMRGlc was observed in cortical brain regions. A significant negative correlation between rCMRGlc and PIB retention was observed in the parietal cortex in the Alzheimer patients at follow-up (r = 0.67, P = 0.009). A non-significant decline in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score from 24.3 +/- 3.7 (mean +/- standard deviation) to 22.7 +/- 6.1 was measured at follow-up. Five of the Alzheimer patients showed a significant decline in MMSE score of >3 (21.4 +/- 3.5 to 15.6 +/- 3.9, P < 0.01) (AD-progressive) while the rest of the patients were cognitively more stable (MMSE score = 25.6 +/- 3.1 to 25.9 +/- 3.7) (AD-stable) compared with baseline. A positive correlation (P = 0.001) was observed in the parietal cortex between Rey Auditory Verbal Learning (RAVL) test score and rCMRGlc at follow-up while a negative correlation (P = 0.018) was observed between RAVL test and PIB retention in the parietal at follow-up. Relatively stable PIB retention after 2 years of follow-up in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease suggests that amyloid deposition in the brain reaches a plateau by the early clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease and therefore may precede a decline in rCMRGlc and cognition. It appears that anti-amyloid therapies will need to induce a significant decrease in amyloid load in order for PIB PET images to detect a drug effect in Alzheimer patients. FDG imaging may be able to detect a stabilization of cerebral metabolism caused by therapy administered to patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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11.
  • Forsberg, Anton (author)
  • Amyloid imaging in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment by positron emission tomography
  • 2008
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Effectiveness of future treatment strategies in Alzheimer s disease (AD) will rely on early detection of disease and the possibility to clearly evaluate their effects. The findings presented in this thesis concerns both early in vivo detection of amyloid deposition in the brains of patients at risk of developing AD and the longitudinal changes of pathological and functional parameters in patients with AD. A couple of years ago the first study with in vivo detection of amyloid using the radiotracer N-methyl [11C] 2-(4´-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxy-benzothiazole also known as 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (11C-PIB) with positron emission tomography (PET) was performed in collaboration between researchers in Pittsburgh, USA, Uppsala and Stockholm, Sweden. This first study showed a significant difference between AD patients and healthy controls in regards to their 11C-PIB retention. The research presented in this thesis is both continuations and new investigations based on this initial research. Results obtained in the studies presented in this thesis showed that the amyloid deposition is an early event in the development of AD present already in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that later develop AD. We could also show that the amyloid deposition in brain was closely correlated to concentrations of pathological biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at an early stage. While functional decline with decreased cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) measured with 18F-FDG PET and episodic memory tests did not show a relationship in MCI patients but did at the clinical stage of AD. Our results also suggests that the early deposition of amyloid increase to a certain level and then reaches a plateau as shown by a quite stable 11C-PIB retention in AD patients followed for a mean period of 2.5 years. We could also show that the dynamic 11C-PIB PET scan do not only contain information on amyloid load but also information on brain function as the early frames contain a blood flow component that is related to CMRglc. The general conclusions to be drawn from these studies are that 11C-PIB PET shows promising results of both early detection of disease and the possibility to use it for evaluation of current and future anti-amyloid therapies. The possibility to extract functional information will further increase the usefulness of 11C-PIB PET in AD research and clinical assessment of dementia.
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12.
  • Forsberg, Anton, et al. (author)
  • Low background and high contrast PET imaging of amyloid-β with [11C]AZD2995 and [11C]AZD2184 in Alzheimer's disease patients
  • 2013
  • In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 40:4, s. 580-593
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate AZD2995 side by side with AZD2184 as novel PET radioligands for imaging of amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODS: In vitro binding of tritium-labelled AZD2995 and AZD2184 was studied and compared with that of the established amyloid-β PET radioligand PIB. Subsequently, a first-in-human in vivo PET study was performed using [(11)C]AZD2995 and [(11)C]AZD2184 in three healthy control subjects and seven AD patients.RESULTS: AZD2995, AZD2184 and PIB were found to share the same binding site to amyloid-β. [(3)H]AZD2995 had the highest signal-to-background ratio in brain tissue from patients with AD as well as in transgenic mice. However, [(11)C]AZD2184 had superior imaging properties in PET, as shown by larger effect sizes comparing binding potential values in cortical regions of AD patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, probably due to a lower amount of nonspecific binding, the group separation of the distribution volume ratio values of [(11)C]AZD2995 was greater in areas with lower amyloid-β load, e.g. the hippocampus.CONCLUSION: Both AZD2995 and AZD2184 detect amyloid-β with high affinity and specificity and also display a lower degree of nonspecific binding than that reported for PIB. Overall [(11)C]AZD2184 seems to be an amyloid-β radioligand with higher uptake and better group separation when compared to [(11)C]AZD2995. However, the very low nonspecific binding of [(11)C]AZD2995 makes this radioligand potentially interesting as a tool to study minute levels of amyloid-β. This sensitivity may be important in investigating, for example, early prodromal stages of AD or in the longitudinal study of a disease modifying therapy.
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  • Forsberg, Anton, et al. (author)
  • PET imaging of amyloid deposition in patients with mild cognitive impairment
  • 2008
  • In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 29:10, s. 1456-1465
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • It is of great clinical value to identify subjects at a high risk of developing AD. We previously found that the amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) tracer PIB showed a robust difference in retention in the brain between AD patients and healthy controls (HC). Twenty-one patients diagnosed with MCI (mean age 63.3 ± 7.8 (S.D.) years) underwent PET studies with 11C-PIB, and 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) to measure cerebral glucose metabolism, as well as assessment of cognitive function and CSF sampling. Reference group data from 27 AD patients and 6 healthy controls, respectively, were used for comparison. The mean cortical PIB retention for the MCI patients was intermediate compared to HC and AD. Seven MCI patients that later at clinical follow-up converted to AD (8.1 ± 6.0 (S.D.) months) showed significant higher PIB retention compared to non-converting MCI patients and HC, respectively (ps < 0.01). The PIB retention in MCI converters was comparable to AD patients (p > 0.01). Correlations were observed in the MCI patients between PIB retention and CSF Aβ1-42, total Tau and episodic memory, respectively.
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  • Forsberg, Anton, et al. (author)
  • The use of PIB-PET as a dual pathological and functional biomarker in AD
  • 2012
  • In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4439 .- 1879-260X. ; 1822:3, s. 380-385
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Amyloid imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) is presently used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. In this study we investigated the possibility to use early frames (ePIB) of the PIB scans as a rough index of CBF by comparing normalised early PIB values with cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglc). PIB-PET and FDG-PET were performed in 37 AD patients, 21 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 6 healthy controls (HC). The patients were divided based on their PIB retention (amyloid load) as either PIB positive (PIB+) or PIB negative (PIB-). Data of the unidirectional influx K-1 from a subset of the subjects including 7 AD patients and 3 HC was used for correlative analysis. Data was analysed using regions of interest (ROI) analysis. A strong, positive correlation was observed across brain regions between K-1 and ePIB (r=0.70: p <= 0.001). The ePIB values were significantly lower in the posterior cingulate (p <= 0.001) and the parietal cortices (p = 0.002) in PIB+ subjects compared to PIB-, although the group difference were stronger for rCMRglc in cortical areas (p <= 0.001). Strong positive correlations between ePIB and rCMRglc were observed in all cortical regions analysed, especially in the posterior cingulate and parietal cortices (p <= 0.001). A single dynamic PIE-PET scan may provide information about pathological and functional changes (amyloidosis and impaired blood flow). This might be important for diagnosis of AD, enrichment of patients in clinical trials and evaluation of treatment effects.
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  • Forsberg, Karl Anton, 1955- (author)
  • Att främja förändrad livsstil bland personer med psykiskt funktionshinder : studier av metabola och psykologiska effekter, upplevd mening och hälsa
  • 2009
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate if the somatic comorbidity and increased mortality among persons with psychiatric disability (residents in supported housing facilities) can be influenced. The thesis comprises four papers. Paper I describes the lived experience of health and body. Papers II and III examine the effects of a lifestyle programme on physiological markers (II) and on psychological and quality of life parameters (III). Paper (IV) illustrates the meaning of participating in a life style programme. The data in Papers I and IV comprises narrative interviews with residents (n=11). The studies in Papers II and III are focused on residents and were carried out with a randomized design. The randomization was performed on a group level (supported housing facility). The 12 month intervention consisted of study circles with a theoretical and practical application of dietary information and physical activity for two hours, on a twice weekly basis under the supervision of a study circle leader. The controls were offered an aesthetic study circle and met once a week. The data in Paper II comprises physiological quantitative data from both residents (n=41) and staff (n=41) and in Paper III questionnaires on symptoms and quality of life completed only by residents (n=41). The data was analysed with Qualitative description (I), Phenomenological-hermeneutics (IV), and for papers II and III relevant statistical calculations were used. Health is described in paper I as “having a life as others have” and discloses the losses of important life domains (family, work, security) and the experiences of being deviant and stigmatized. Health is described as “absence of psychological and physical problems” and its hampering effects on quality of life and self-esteem. Health is understood as a phenomenon that could “be influenced by one self”, and there is an insight that health is manageable. Participating in a life style intervention (paper II) meant a significant improvement in risk factors for metabolic syndrome among the residents in comparison with controls. No differences were seen on weight, BMI and improved physical capacity. In paper III a significant positive increase in the Sense of Coherence compared to controls was seen. However no effect was seen on quality of life, psychosocial function or on reduction of symptoms in comparison with controls. Participating in a lifestyle intervention can be understood as the gaining of insights that health can be improved and that the daily life is partly given a changed content (paper II). The participation is also described as meaning an increased sense of closeness and equality in relation to the staff and sometimes a painful insight of their life situation. Participating is also described as entailing a hope that one’s life situation can be affected. In summary this thesis shows that there is some possibility of influencing the physical health (reduced risk of metabolic syndrome) among persons with psychiatric disability by participating in a 12 month intervention programme. The intervention does not show any effects on measures such as quality of life, psychosocial function and presence of symptoms. However, the participants describe that the participation had a meaning in a number of respects. This is a finding that is confirmed by the positive change in sense of coherence. The need to develop preventive care for persons with psychiatric disability and the importance of monitoring the treatment with neuroleptics and its side effects on physical health is an important clinical implication. Furthermore the importance of the responsibility of the care staff is emphasized as well as the importance of supporting a change in lifestyle.
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  • Forsberg, Karl Anton, 1955-, et al. (author)
  • Experiences of health among persons with psychiatric disabilityparticipating in a life style intervention
  • Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Background: Persons with psychiatric disabilities describe health in similar ways to others, although the prevalence of ill-health and risk factors are larger than in the general population. Aim: To describe the experience of health and body in order to enable the creation of health interventions for this group of users. Design: The first author interviewed five women and six men with psychiatric disabilities, aged 26 to 53, participating in a life style programme. Method: The transcribed interviews were analysed by qualitative description. Result: The categories “Health is having a life as others have” disclosed losses of important life domains and experiences of being different, and “Health is absence of psychological and physical problems” describes their symptoms and its hampering effects on quality of life and self-esteem. The category “Health is being able to influence one’s own health” reveals a sense of hope that health is manageable. Conclusion: Not having a life or being as others causes a sense of being different and stigmatization, which might affect self esteem, quality of life and possibilities for recovery. Health is to be spared physical and psychological problems as the lack of energy which affects motivation and the ability to gain a quality of life. But health is also described in terms of a conviction that it can be affected through knowledge and self-management of symptoms. Clinical implications: Health intervention programmes should be designed in such a way that promotes motivation and self-management as it is an important factor in recovery. Carers should also promote and support clients to find activities, relationships and sites where symptom relief can be experienced.
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  • Forsberg, Karl Anton, 1955-, et al. (author)
  • Influence of a life style intervention among persons with a psychiatric disability : a cluster randomised controlled trial on symptoms, quality of life and sense of coherence
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - Malden : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:11-12, s. 1519-1528
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate how a life style intervention programme influences psychiatric and psychosocial factors among persons with psychiatric disabilities. Background: Persons with psychiatric disabilities often suffer from a simultaneous physical health problem, where circulatory disorder, hyperlipideamia, digestive disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity are prevalent. Studies have also shown a relationship between physical activity and mental health. But few randomised controlled trails have been aimed specifically at life style interventions and their effect on psychiatric health and quality of life among persons with psychiatric disabilities.Design: a cluster randomised controlled trail.Methods: Forty one persons with a DSM- ІV diagnosis in eight supported housing facilities and two housing support programmes and their carers were on cluster level randomly assigned to a 12 month health intervention programme in the form of study circles with diet sessions and physical activities or a control programme. The changes in the mean of quality of life, level of functioning, psychiatric symptoms and sense of coherence was investigated and its relationship to physical health and attendance.Results: A significant increase in the sense of coherence was seen in both programmes but also significant improvements in the intervention group compared to controls at the follow-up.Conclusions: Structured activities in the form of life style intervention programmes with a sufficient level of challenge that encourage persons with psychiatric disabilities to participate in activities in a social context may contribute to a significant increase in the sense of coherence.Relevance to clinical practice: Improving physical health with life style programmes in the form of study circles and when involving their cares will in addition to increased physical health end in improved sense of coherence.
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19.
  • Forsberg, Karl-Anton, et al. (author)
  • Meanings of participating in a lifestyle programme for persons with psychiatric disabilities.
  • 2011
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 25:2, s. 357-364
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Lifestyle changes that affect physical and psychological health are described in research literature; however, the meaning of participating in a lifestyle intervention programme together with the staff has not been described. This study illuminates meanings of participating in a lifestyle programme as experienced by persons with psychiatric disabilities. The first author interviewed five women and six men with schizophrenia and depressive syndrome, aged 26-53, participating in a lifestyle programme. The transcribed interviews were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach inspired by the philosophy of Ricoeur. Meanings of participating in a lifestyle programme include my health can be improved as both the physical effects and the obstacles are considered and the daily life is partially given a changed content in new experiences and by participating in something to take pride in. The meanings of participating together with the staff mean an increased sense of closeness and equality with the staff expressed in changes in relationships and the difference between the two groups being revealed and also in becoming aware of the life situation, an insight into the loss of a healthy life but also hope for the future is expressed. The conclusions that could be drawn from this study are that a lifestyle intervention affects health and other important life areas such as the content of daily life and the relationship with the carers, which appears to affect the sense of hope and the ability to see new possibilities. Carers should find situations and activities where the residents and carers participate under equal conditions giving the residents the opportunity to leave the sick roll, experience equality and develop good relationships.
  •  
20.
  • Forsberg, Karl Anton, et al. (author)
  • Physical health a cluster randomized controlled lifestyle intervention among persons with a psychiatric disability and their staff
  • 2008
  • In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 62:6, s. 486-495
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The objective was to explore the impact on physical health of a lifestyle programme among persons with psychiatric disabilities, and their caregivers. Their satisfaction with the intervention was also assessed. Somatic comorbidity and an increased mortality related to the lifestyle among persons with psychiatric disabilities are well known. Few randomized controlled trials have been aimed specifically at lifestyle issues among persons with a psychiatric disability. This trial includes clients with psychiatric disabilities living in supported housing and their staff. Forty-one persons with a DSM-?V diagnosis of severe mental illness from psychiatric disability from 10 supported housing facilities and 41 of their caregivers participated in this 12-month study during 2005-2006 in Sweden. The supported housing facilities with residents and staff were randomly assigned to either a health intervention programme or a control programme with an aesthetic content. The presence of metabolic syndrome and changes in the mean of physiological parameters such as Hba1c, P-glucose, P-insulin, lipids, blood pressure, physical working capacity, body mass index, Heart Score were investigated and participants' satisfaction assessed. There was a significant reduction in the mean of metabolic syndrome criteria in the intervention group compared with the control group at the follow-up. The participants expressed satisfaction with the programme. The results indicate that health interventions on lifestyle issues when involving carers are appreciated, feasible and could be successful in reducing some health-related risk factors among persons with psychiatric disabilities.
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21.
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22.
  • Gyllensten, Amanda Lundvik, et al. (author)
  • Computerized physical activity training for persons with severe mental illness - experiences from a communal supported housing project
  • 2017
  • In: Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 12:8, s. 780-788
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: To study the effectiveness of Exergames in communal psychiatry for persons with severe mental illness, a randomized cluster study was performed. The hypothesis was to increase physical activity habits to improve somatic health. To identify factors promoting or impeding the use of the Exergames. Methods: Assessments of BMI, blood pressure, physical fitness, SF36, GAF and social interactions were studied at baseline and 10 months. An integrated methods design using content analysis of focus group interviews was integrated with a statistical analysis. Forty-three persons were randomized to the intervention and 30 to the control group. The qualitative interviews included 18 users, 11 staffs and one technical assistant. Results: There were no significant between-group changes in physical activity behaviours or somatic health parameters after 10 months. Only 5% of the intervention group made systematic use of the intervention. Technological difficulties and staff attitudes were found to be barriers. The Exergames were perceived as technically complicated. The staff did not see playing TV games as important and negative attitudes were found. Conclusions: Exergames was not a successful intervention to increase physical activity behaviours in persons with severe mental illness in the community. Exergames and motivation for physical activity in this group is problematic.Implications for rehabilitationThere are difficulties to change passive physical activity habits for persons with severe mental illness, living in sheltered housing conditions in the community due to negative symptoms with depression, low motivation and bad self -confidence.An exergame intervention was not successful in this group of persons. No somatic health benefits were found.Simple physical activities and offering different choices meeting different user needs shouldbe offered.Ensuring user and staff engagement, good technical knowledge and good monitoring is a need for a successful intervention, if Exergames are offered as an alternative physical activity.
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23.
  • Holmstrom, Jesper, et al. (author)
  • Do we Read what we Share? Analyzing the Click Dynamic of News Articles Shared on Twitter
  • 2019
  • In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2019 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS ANALYSIS AND MINING (ASONAM 2019). - New York, NY, USA : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781450368681 ; , s. 420-425
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • News and information spread over social media can have big impact on thoughts, beliefs, and opinions. It is therefore important to understand the sharing dynamics on these forums. However, most studies trying to capture these dynamics rely only on Twitters open APIs to measure how frequently articles are shared/retweeted, and therefore do not capture how many users actually read the articles linked in these tweets. To address this problem, in this paper, we first develop a novel measurement methodology, which combines the Twitter steaming API, the Bitly API, and careful sample rate selection to simultaneously collect and analyze the timeline of both the number of retweets and clicks generated by news article links. Second, we present a temporal analysis of the news cycle based on five-day-long traces (containing both clicks and retweet over time) for the news article links discovered during a seven-day period. Among other things, our analysis highlights differences in the relative timelines observed for clicks and retweets (e.g., retweet data often lags and underestimates the bias towards reading popular links/articles), and helps answer important questions regarding differences in how age-based biases and churn affect how frequently news articles shared on Twitter are accessed over time.
  •  
24.
  • Kadir, Ahmadul, et al. (author)
  • Dynamic changes in PET amyloid and FDG imaging at different stages of Alzheimer's disease
  • 2012
  • In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 33:1, s. 198.e1-198.e14
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this study 5 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 9 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients underwent respectively 3- and 5-year follow-up positron emission tomography (PET) studies with N-methyl [11C] 2-(4-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxy-benzothiazole (11C-PIB) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) to understand the time courses in AD disease processes. Significant increase in PIB retention as well as decrease in regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) was observed at group level in the MCI patients while no significant change was observed in cognitive function. At group level the AD patients showed unchanged high PIB retention at 5-year follow-up compared with baseline. At the individual level, increased, stable, and decreased PIB retention were observed while disease progression was reflected in significant decrease in rCMRglc and cognition. In conclusion, after a long-term follow-up with PET, we observed an increase in fibrillar amyloid load in MCI patients followed by more stable level in clinical AD patients. The rCMRglc starts to decline in MCI patients and became more pronounced in clinical stage which related to continuous decline in cognition.
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25.
  • Kadir, Ahmadul, et al. (author)
  • Effect of phenserine treatment on brain functional activity and amyloid in Alzheimer's disease.
  • 2008
  • In: Annals of neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 63:5, s. 621-31
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The effects of (-)-phenserine (phenserine) and placebo/donepezil treatment on regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) and brain amyloid load were investigated by positron emission tomography in 20 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease in relation to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma biomarkers, and cognitive function. METHODS: The first 3 months of the study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase, during which 10 patients received phenserine (30 mg/day) and 10 patients the placebo. Three to 6 months was an open-label extension phase, during which the placebo group received donepezil (5 mg/day) and the phenserine group remained on phenserine. After 6 months, all patients received phenserine treatment up to 12 months. The patients underwent positron emission tomography examinations to measure rCMRglc (8F-FDG) and amyloid load (11C-PIB) at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of the treatment. Neuropsychological and biomarker data were collected at the three times of positron emission tomography imaging. RESULTS: Statistically significant effects on a composite neuropsychological test score were observed in the phenserine-treated group compared with the placebo and donepezil group at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Values of rCMRglc were significantly increased in several cortical regions after 3 months of phenserine treatment, compared with baseline, and correlated positively with cognitive function and CSF beta-amyloid 40 (Abeta40). Cortical Pittsburgh Compound B retention correlated negatively with CSF Abeta40 levels and the ratio Abeta/beta-secretase-cleaved amyloid precursor protein. In CSF, Abeta40 correlated positively with the attention domain of cognition. INTERPRETATION: Phenserine treatment was associated with an improvement in cognition and an increase in rCMRglc.
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26.
  • Kanegawa, Naoki, et al. (author)
  • In vivo evidence of a functional association between immune cells in blood and brain in healthy human subjects
  • 2016
  • In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 54, s. 149-157
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Microglia, the resident macrophages in the central nervous system, are thought to be maintained by a local self-renewal mechanism. Although preclinical and in vitro studies have suggested that the brain may contain immune cells also from peripheral origin, the functional association between immune cells in the periphery and brain at physiological conditions is poorly understood. We examined 32 healthy individuals using positron emission tomography (PET) and [C-11]PBR28, a radioligand for the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) which is expressed both in brain microglia and blood immune cells. In 26 individuals, two measurements were performed with varying time intervals. In a subgroup of 19 individuals, of which 12 had repeat examinations, leukocyte numbers in blood was measured on each day of PET measurements. All individuals were genotyped for TSPO polymorphism and categorized as high, mixed, and low affinity binders. We assessed TSPO binding expressed as total distribution volume of [C-11]PBR28 in brain and in blood cells. TSPO binding in brain was strongly and positively correlated to binding in blood cells both at baseline and when analyzing change between two PET examinations. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between change of leukocyte numbers and change in TSPO binding in brain, and a trend level correlation to change in TSPO binding in blood cells. These in vivo findings indicate an association between immunological cells in blood and brain via intact BBB, suggesting a functional interaction between these two compartments, such as interchange of peripherally derived cells or a common regulatory mechanism. Measurement of radioligand binding in blood cells may be a way to control for peripheral immune function in PET studies using TSPO as a marker of brain immune activation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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27.
  • Linder, Tova, et al. (author)
  • On Using Crowd-sourced Network Measurements for Performance Prediction
  • 2016
  • In: <em>Proc. IEEE/IFIP Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services Conference (IEEE/IFIP WONS)</em>, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, Jan. 2016.. - : IEEE Computer Society Digital Library. - 9783901882791 ; , s. 1-8
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Geo-location-based bandwidth prediction together with careful download scheduling for mobile clients can be used to minimize download times, reduce energy usage, and improve streaming performance. Although crowd-sourced measurements provide an important prediction tool, little is known about the prediction accuracy and improvements such datasets can provide. In this paper we use a large-scale crowd-sourced dataset from Bredbandskollen, Sweden's primary speedtest service, to evaluate the prediction accuracy and achievable performance improvements with such data. We first present a scalable performance map methodology that allows fast insertion/retrieval of geo-sparse measurements, and use this methodology to characterize the Bredbandskollen usage. Second, we analyze the bandwidth variations and predictability of the download speeds observed within and across different locations, when accounting for various factors. Third, we evaluate the relative performance improvements achievable by users leveraging different subsets of measurements (capturing effects of limited sharing or filtering based on operator, network technology, or both) when predicting opportune locations to perform downloads. Our results are encouraging for both centralized and peer-to-peer performance map solutions. For example, most measurements are done in locations with many measurements and good prediction accuracy, and further improvements are possible through filtering (e.g., based on operator and technology) or limited information sharing.
  •  
28.
  • Lundman, Berit, et al. (author)
  • Sense of coherence (SOC) related to health and mortality among the very old : The Umeå 85+ study
  • 2010
  • In: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 51, s. 329-332
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We describe associations between sense of coherence (SOC) and sense of well-being, diseases, physical function and the predictive value of SOC on depression and mortality. The study included 190 participants, aged 85-103 years. Linear correlation analysis was used for relationships between SOC scores and continuous variables. The effects of SOC score on 1- and 4-year mortality, as well as on depression at the 5-year follow-up, were investigated using Cox regression models. The mean SOC score was 71.8+/-10.2 (+/-S.D.). SOC score was positively related to well-being (p
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29.
  • Matheson, Granville J., et al. (author)
  • Assessment of simplified ratio-based approaches for quantification of PET [11C] PBR28 data
  • 2017
  • In: EJNMMI Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2191-219X. ; 7
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: Kinetic modelling with metabolite-corrected arterial plasma is considered the gold standard for quantification of [C-11] PBR28 binding to the translocator protein (TSPO), since there is no brain region devoid of TSPO that can serve as reference. The high variability in binding observed using this method has motivated the use of simplified ratio-based approaches such as standardised uptake value ratios (SUVRs) and distribution volume (VT) ratios (DVRs); however, the reliability of these measures and their relationship to VT have not been sufficiently evaluated.Methods: Data from a previously published [C-11] PBR28 test-retest study in 12 healthy subjects were reanalysed. VT was estimated using a two-tissue compartment model. SUVR and DVR values for the frontal cortex were calculated using the whole brain and cerebellum as denominators. Test-retest reliability was assessed for all measures. Interregional correlations were performed for SUV and VT, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Lastly, correlations between ratio-based outcomes and VT were assessed.Results: Reliability was high for VT, moderate to high for SUV and SUVR, and poor for DVR. Very high interregional correlations were observed for both VT and SUV (all R-2 > 85%). The PCA showed that almost all variance (> 98%) was explained by a single component. Ratio-based methods correlated poorly with VT (all R-2 < 34%, divided by genotype).Conclusions: The reliability was good for SUVR, but poor for DVR. Both outcomes showed little to no association with VT, questioning their validity. The high interregional correlations for VT and SUV suggest that after dividing by a denominator region, most of the biologically relevant signal is lost. These observations imply that results from TSPO PET studies using SUVR or DVR estimates should be interpreted with caution.
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30.
  • Mattsson, Patrik, et al. (author)
  • High Contrast PET Imaging of Subcortical and Allocortical Amyloid-β in Early Alzheimer's Disease Using [11C]AZD2184
  • 2024
  • In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 98:4, s. 1391-1401
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) appear early in Alzheimer's disease (AD).OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the presence of cortical and subcortical Aβ in early AD using positron emission tomography (PET).METHODS: Eight cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects, 8 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 8 with mild AD were examined with PET and [11C]AZD2184. A data driven cut-point for Aβ positivity was defined by Gaussian mixture model of isocortex binding potential (BPND) values.RESULTS: Sixteen subjects (3 CU, 5 MCI and 8 AD) were Aβ-positive. BPND was lower in subcortical and allocortical regions compared to isocortex. Fifteen of the 16 Aβ-positive subjects displayed Aβ binding in striatum, 14 in thalamus and 10 in allocortical regions.CONCLUSIONS: Aβ deposits appear to be widespread in early AD. It cannot be excluded that deposits appear simultaneously throughout the whole brain which has implications for improved diagnostics and disease monitoring.
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31.
  • Mattsson, Patrik, et al. (author)
  • β-Amyloid binding in elderly subjects with declining or stable episodic memory function measured with PET and [11C]AZD2184
  • 2015
  • In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 42:10, s. 1507-1511
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: Cognitive decline has been suggested as an early marker for later onset of Alzheimer's disease. We therefore explored the relationship between decline in episodic memory and β-amyloid using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]AZD2184, a radioligand with potential to detect low levels of amyloid deposits.Methods: Healthy elderly subjects with declining (n = 10) or stable (n = 10) episodic memory over 15 years were recruited from the population-based Betula study and examined with PET. Brain radioactivity was measured after intravenous administration of [11C]AZD2184 The binding potential BP ND was calculated using linear graphical analysis with the cerebellum as reference region.Results: The binding of [11C]AZD2184 in total grey matter was generally low in the declining group, whereas some binding could be observed in the stable group. Mean BP ND was significantly higher in the stable group compared to the declining group (p = 0.019). An observation was that the three subjects with the highest BPND were ApoE ε4 allele carriers.Conclusions: We conclude that cognitive decline in the general population does not seem to stand by itself as an early predictor for amyloid deposits.
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32.
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33.
  • Nilsson, Anton, et al. (author)
  • Examining the continuum of resistance model in two population-based screening studies in Sweden
  • 2023
  • In: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 35
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In studies recruited on a voluntary basis, lack of representativity may impair the ability to generalize findings to the target population. Previous studies, primarily based on surveys, have suggested that generalizability may be improved by exploiting data on individuals who agreed to participate only after receiving one or several reminders, as such individuals may be more similar to non-participants than what early participants are. Assessing this idea in the context of screenings, we compared sociodemographic characteristics and health across early, late, and non-participants in two large population-based screening studies in Sweden: STROKESTOP II (screening for atrial fibrillation; 6,867 participants) and SCREESCO (screening for colorectal cancer; 39,363 participants). We also explored the opportunities to reproduce the distributions of characteristics in the full invited populations, either by assuming that the non-participants were similar to the late participants, or by applying a linear extrapolation model based on both early and late participants. Findings showed that early and late participants exhibited similar characteristics along most dimensions, including civil status, education, income, and health examination results. Both these types of participants in turn differed from the non-participants, with fewer married, lower educational attainments, and lower incomes. Compared to early participants, late participants were more likely to be born outside of Sweden and to have comorbidities, with non-participants similar or even more so. The two empirical models improved representativity in some cases, but not always. Overall, we found mixed support that data on late participation may be useful for improving representativeness of screening studies.
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34.
  • Nordberg, Agneta, et al. (author)
  • A European multicentre PET study of fibrillar amyloid in Alzheimer's disease
  • 2013
  • In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 40:1, s. 104-114
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Amyloid PET tracers have been developed for in vivo detection of brain fibrillar amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To serve as an early biomarker in AD the amyloid PET tracers need to be analysed in multicentre clinical studies. In this study 238 [C-11]Pittsburgh compound-B (PIB) datasets from five different European centres were pooled. Of these 238 datasets, 18 were excluded, leaving [C-11]PIB datasets from 97 patients with clinically diagnosed AD (mean age 69 +/- 8 years), 72 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; mean age 67.5 +/- 8 years) and 51 healthy controls (mean age 67.4 +/- 6 years) available for analysis. Of the MCI patients, 64 were longitudinally followed for 28 +/- 15 months. Most participants (175 out of 220) were also tested for apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype. [C-11]PIB retention in the neocortical and subcortical brain regions was significantly higher in AD patients than in age-matched controls. Intermediate [C-11]PIB retention was observed in MCI patients, with a bimodal distribution (64 % MCI PIB-positive and 36 % MCI PIB-negative), which was significantly different the pattern in both the AD patients and controls. Higher [C-11]PIB retention was observed in MCI ApoE epsilon 4 carriers compared to non-ApoE epsilon 4 carriers (p < 0.005). Of the MCI PIB-positive patients, 67 % had converted to AD at follow-up while none of the MCI PIB-negative patients converted. This study demonstrated the robustness of [C-11]PIB PET as a marker of neocortical fibrillar amyloid deposition in brain when assessed in a multicentre setting. MCI PIB-positive patients showed more severe memory impairment than MCI PIB-negative patients and progressed to AD at an estimated rate of 25 % per year. None of the MCI PIB-negative patients converted to AD, and thus PIB negativity had a 100 % negative predictive value for progression to AD. This supports the notion that PIB-positive scans in MCI patients are an indicator of prodromal AD.
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35.
  • Pang, Yanhong, et al. (author)
  • Extracellular membrane vesicles from Limosilactobacillus reuteri strengthen the intestinal epithelial integrity, modulate cytokine responses and antagonize activation of TRPV1
  • 2022
  • In: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 13
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles (MV) are potent mediators of microbe-host signals, and they are not only important in host-pathogen interactions but also for the interactions between mutualistic bacteria and their hosts. Studies of MV derived from probiotics could enhance the understanding of these universal signal entities, and here we have studied MV derived from Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and BG-R46. The production of MV increased with cultivation time and after oxygen stress. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses revealed that the MV carried a large number of bacterial cell surface proteins, several predicted to be involved in host-bacteria interactions. A 5 '-nucleotidase, which catalyze the conversion of AMP into the signal molecule adenosine, was one of these and analysis of enzymatic activity showed that L. reuteri BG-R46 derived MV exhibited the highest activity. We also detected the TLR2 activator lipoteichoic acid on the MV. In models for host interactions, we first observed that L. reuteri MV were internalized by Caco-2/HT29-MTX epithelial cells, and in a dose-dependent manner decreased the leakage caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by up to 65%. Furthermore, the MV upregulated IL-1 beta and IL-6 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but also dampened IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha responses in PBMC challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, we showed that MV from the L. reuteri strains have an antagonistic effect on the pain receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in a model with primary dorsal root ganglion cells from rats. In summary, we have shown that these mobile nanometer scale MV reproduce several biological effects of L. reuteri cells and that the production parameters and selection of strain have an impact on the activity of the MV. This could potentially provide key information for development of innovative and more efficient probiotic products.
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36.
  • Paul-Visse, Gesine, et al. (author)
  • Safety and tolerability of intracerebroventricular PDGF-BB in Parkinson's disease patients
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 125:3, s. 1339-1346
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND. Recombinant human PDGF-BB (rhPDGF-BB) reduces Parkinsonian symptoms and increases dopamine transporter (DAT) binding in several animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Effects of rhPDGF-BB are the result of proliferation of ventricular wall progenitor cells and reversed by blocking mitosis. Based on these restorative effects, we assessed the safety and tolerability of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) rhPDGF-BB administration in individuals with PD. METHODS. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/IIa study at two clinical centers in Sweden. Twelve patients with moderate PD received rhPDGF-BB via an implanted drug infusion pump and an investigational i.c.v. catheter. Patients were assigned to a dose cohort (0.2, 1.5, or 5 mu g rhPDGF-BB per day) and then randomized to active treatment or placebo (3:1) for a 12-day treatment period. The primary objective was to assess safety and tolerability of i.c.v.-delivered rhPDGF-BB. Secondary outcome assessments included several clinical rating scales and changes in DAT binding. The follow-up period was 85 days. RESULTS. All patients completed the study. There were no unresolved adverse events. Serious adverse events occurred in three patients; however, these were unrelated to rhPDGF-BB administration. Secondary outcome parameters did not show dose-dependent changes in clinical rating scales, but there was a positive effect on DAT binding in the right putamen. CONCLUSION. At all doses tested, i.c.v. administration of rhPDGF-BB was well tolerated. Results support further clinical development of rhPDGF-BB for patients with PD.
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37.
  • Plaven-Sigray, Pontus, et al. (author)
  • Accuracy and reliability of [C-11]PBR28 specific binding estimated without the use of a reference region
  • 2019
  • In: NeuroImage. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 188, s. 102-110
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • [C-11]PBR28 is a positron emission tomography radioligand used to examine the expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO). TSPO is located in glial cells and can function as a marker for immune activation. Since TSPO is expressed throughout the brain, no true reference region exists. For this reason, an arterial input function is required for accurate quantification of [C-11]PBR28 binding and the most common outcome measure is the total distribution volume (V-T). Notably, V-T reflects both specific binding and non-displaceable binding. Therefore, estimates of specific binding, such as binding potential (e.g. BPND) and specific distribution volume (V-S) should theoretically be more sensitive to underlying differences in TSPO expression. It is unknown, however, if unbiased and accurate estimates of these outcome measures are obtainable for [C-11]PBR28. The Simultaneous Estimation (SIME) method uses time-activity-curves from multiple brain regions with the aim to obtain a brain-wide estimate of the non-displaceable distribution volume (V-ND), which can subsequently be used to improve the estimation of BPND and V-S. In this study we evaluated the accuracy of SIME-derived V-ND, and the reliability of resulting estimates of specific binding for [C-11]PBR28, using a combination of simulation experiments and in vivo studies in healthy humans. The simulation experiments, based on data from 54 unique [C-11]PBR28 examinations, showed that V-ND values estimated using SIME were both precise and accurate. Data from a pharmacological competition challenge (n = 5) showed that SIME provided V-ND values that were on average 19% lower than those obtained using the Lassen plot, but similar to values obtained using the Likelihood-Estimation of Occupancy technique. Test-retest data (n = 11) showed that SIME-derived V-S values exhibited good reliability and precision, while larger variability was observed in SIME-derived BPND values. The results support the use of SIME for quantifying specific binding of [C-11]PBR28, and suggest that V-S can be used in complement to the conventional outcome measure V-T. Additional studies in patient cohorts are warranted.
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38.
  • Plaven-Sigray, Pontus, et al. (author)
  • Extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptor availability in social anxiety disorder
  • 2017
  • In: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 27:5, s. 462-469
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Alterations in the dopamine system are hypothesized to influence the expression of social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms. However, molecular imaging studies comparing dopamine function between patients and control subjects have yielded conflicting results. Importantly, while all previous investigations focused on the striatum, findings from activation and blood flow studies indicate that prefrontal and limbic brain regions have a central role in the pathophysiology. The objective of this study was to investigate extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptor (D2-R) availability in SAD. We examined 12 SAD patients and 16 healthy controls using positron emission tomography and the high-affinity D2-R radioligand [C-11]FLB457. Parametric images of D2-R binding potential were derived using the Logan graphical method with cerebellum as reference region. Two-tailed one-way independent ANCOVAs, with age as covariate, were used to examine differences in D2-R availability between groups using both region-based and voxel-wise analyses. The region-based analysis showed a medium effect size of higher D2-R levels in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in patients, although this result did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. The voxel-wise comparison revealed elevated D2-R availability in patients within OFC and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex after correction for multiple comparisons. These preliminary results suggest that an aberrant extrastriatal dopamine system may be part of the disease mechanism in SAD.
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39.
  • Reinhard, René, et al. (author)
  • The Use and Usage of Virtual Reality Technologies in Planning and Implementing New Workstations
  • 2020
  • In: DHM2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681047 - 9781643681054 ; , s. 388-397
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Virtual reality (VR) technologies can support the planning and implementation of new workstations in various industry sectors, including in automotive assembly. Starting in the early planning stages, VR can help in identifying potential problems of new design ideas, e.g. through ergonomics analyses. Designers can then quickly change the virtual representations of new workstations to test solutions for the emerging difficulties. For this purpose, the actions and motions of prospective workers can be captured while they perform the work tasks in VR. The information can also be used as input for digital human modelling (DHM) tools, to instruct biomechanical human models. The DHM tools can then construct families of manikins that differ on anthropometric characteristics, like height, to simulate work processes. This paper addresses both existing technologies for gathering data on human actions and motions during VR usage and ways in which these data can be used to assist in designing new workstations. Here, a novel approach to translate a VR user’s actions into instructions for DHM tools through an event-based instruction sampling method is presented. Further, the challenges for utilizing VR are discussed through an industrial use case of the manual assembly of flexible cables in an automotive context.
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40.
  • Sandlund, Mikael, et al. (author)
  • Erfarenheter av utbildningarna Första hjälpen till psykisk hälsa och Psykisk livräddning
  • 2019
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Folkhälsomyndigheten har i uppdrag av regeringen att stödja kunskapsutveckling på regional och lokal nivå inom området psykisk hälsa och suicidprevention. Uppdraget kan t.ex. omfatta att främja samverkan, stärka framtagande av ny kunskap samt stödja kunskapsspridning och uppföljning. Denna rapport ingår som en del av detta uppdrag.Syftet med denna kvalitativa intervjustudie är att ta reda på hur personalen inom vård, stöd och service som genomgått utbildningarna ”Första hjälpen till psykisk hälsa” eller ”Psykisk livräddning” beskriver sina erfarenheter av att möta personer med psykisk ohälsa och vilken användning de haft av utbildningarna.
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41.
  • Schain, Martin, et al. (author)
  • Arterial input function derived from pairwise correlations between PET-image voxels
  • 2013
  • In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0271-678X .- 1559-7016. ; 33:7, s. 1058-1065
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A metabolite corrected arterial input function is a prerequisite for quantification of positron emission tomography (PET) data by compartmental analysis. This quantitative approach is also necessary for radioligands without suitable reference regions in brain. The measurement is laborious and requires cannulation of a peripheral artery, a procedure that can be associated with patient discomfort and potential adverse events. A non invasive procedure for obtaining the arterial input function is thus preferable. In this study, we present a novel method to obtain image-derived input functions (IDIFs). The method is based on calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the time-activity curves of voxel pairs in the PET image to localize voxels displaying blood-like behavior. The method was evaluated using data obtained in human studies with the radioligands [11C]flumazenil and [11C]AZ10419369, and its performance was compared with three previously published methods. The distribution volumes (VT) obtained using IDIFs were compared with those obtained using traditional arterial measurements. Overall, the agreement in VT was good (~3% difference) for input functions obtained using the pairwise correlation approach. This approach performed similarly or even better than the other methods, and could be considered in applied clinical studies. Applications to other radioligands are needed for further verification.
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42.
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43.
  • Stockfelt, Leo, 1981, et al. (author)
  • Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution, Black Carbon, and Their Source Components in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke
  • 2019
  • In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - Durham : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 127:10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air has been associated with cardiovascular mortality, but few studies have considered incident disease in relation to PM from different sources.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study associations between long-term exposure to different types of PM and sources, and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in three Swedish cities.METHODS: ), and black carbon (BC) from road wear, traffic exhaust, residential heating, and other sources in Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Umeå. Registry data for participants from four cohorts were used to obtain incidence of IHD and stroke for first hospitalization or death. We constructed time windows of exposure for same-year, 1- to 5-y, and 6- to 10-y averages preceding incidence from annual averages at residential addresses. Risk estimates were based on random effects meta-analyses of cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models.RESULTS: exposure from residential heating.DISCUSSION: Few consistent associations were observed between different particulate components and IHD or stroke. However, long-term residential exposure to locally emitted BC from traffic exhaust was associated with stroke incidence. The comparatively low exposure levels may have contributed to the paucity of associations.
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44.
  • Stomrud, Erik, et al. (author)
  • CSF biomarkers correlate with cerebral blood flow on SPECT in healthy elderly.
  • 2012
  • In: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 33:2-3, s. 156-63
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The preclinical patterns of biological markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vivo need further exploration. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate CSF biomarkers, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cognitive performance in cognitively healthy older individuals.
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45.
  • Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al. (author)
  • Risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage : a nationwide cohort of 950 000 adults
  • 2019
  • In: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:6, s. 2018-2025
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, with high mortality rate and substantial disability among survivors. Its causes are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate risk factors for SAH using a novel nationwide cohort consortium.METHODS: We obtained individual participant data of 949 683 persons (330 334 women) between 25 and 90 years old, with no history of SAH at baseline, from 21 population-based cohorts. Outcomes were obtained from the Swedish Patient and Causes of Death Registries.RESULTS: During 13 704 959 person-years of follow-up, 2659 cases of first-ever fatal or non-fatal SAH occurred, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 9.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) (7.4-10.6)/100 000 person-years] in men and 13.8 [(11.4-16.2)/100 000 person-years] in women. The incidence rate increased exponentially with higher age. In multivariable-adjusted Poisson models, marked sex interactions for current smoking and body mass index (BMI) were observed. Current smoking conferred a rate ratio (RR) of 2.24 (95% CI 1.95-2.57) in women and 1.62 (1.47-1.79) in men. One standard deviation higher BMI was associated with an RR of 0.86 (0.81-0.92) in women and 1.02 (0.96-1.08) in men. Higher blood pressure and lower education level were also associated with higher risk of SAH.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of SAH is 45% higher in women than in men, with substantial sex differences in risk factor strengths. In particular, a markedly stronger adverse effect of smoking in women may motivate targeted public health initiatives.
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46.
  • Svensson, Anna C., et al. (author)
  • Residential area and physical activity : A multi-level study of 68,000 adults in Stockholm County
  • 2017
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 45:1, s. 25-32
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aim: To determine whether there are systematic differences in physical activity between residential areas after extensive control for sociodemographic factors at the individual level. Methods: Multi-level regressions of walking/bicycling, sedentary activities, household work and exercise were carried out in a representative sample of 68,303 adults in 39 residential areas in Stockholm County, first adjusting at the individual level for country of birth, sex, age, education, occupational class and income. The type of housing was then considered at the individual level or, for walking/bicycling and exercise, at both the individual and area levels (as a measure of area density). Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, differences between residential areas remained in walking/bicycling, corresponding to 0.27 SD, or 50 min/week between the most and least active areas. Forty per cent of this difference could be explained by the type of housing at the area level. For sedentary activities and household work, respectively, much of the variation that remained after adjustment for sociodemographic factors was, in turn, explained by the type of housing at the individual level, leaving a difference of 0.16 SD (80 min/week) and 0.13 SD (60 min/week), respectively. For exercise, the corresponding difference was 0.11 SD (11 min/week, not sensitive to housing). Conclusions: Area level factors may influence walking/bicycling. High area density was associated with more activity. However, high density also comes with a type of housing (apartments) that is associated with less household work and, surprisingly, more sedentary activities, introducing a challenging trade-off. The differences in exercise were smaller than for all other types of activities.
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47.
  • Såmark-Roth, Anton, et al. (author)
  • Spectroscopy along flerovium decay chains: Discovery of 280Ds and an excited state in 282Cn
  • 2021
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 126:3
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A nuclear spectroscopy experiment was conducted to study α-decay chains stemming from isotopes of flerovium (element Z=114). An upgraded TASISpec decay station was placed behind the gas-filled separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. The fusion-evaporation reactions 48Ca+242Pu and 48Ca+244Pu provided a total of 32 flerovium-candidate decay chains, of which two and eleven were firmly assigned to 286Fl and 288Fl, respectively. A prompt coincidence between a 9.60(1)-MeV α-particle event and a 0.36(1)-MeV conversion electron marked the first observation of an excited state in an even-even isotope of the heaviest man-made elements, namely 282Cn. Spectroscopy of 288Fl decay chains fixed Qα=10.06(1) MeV. In one case, a Qα=9.46(1)-MeV decay from 284Cn into 280Ds was observed, with 280Ds fissioning after only 518 μs. The impact of these findings, aggregated with existing data on decay chains of 286,288Fl, on the size of an anticipated shell gap at proton number Z=114 is discussed in light of predictions from two beyond-mean-field calculations, which take into account triaxial deformation.
  •  
48.
  • Tamm, Sandra, et al. (author)
  • Evidence of fatigue, disordered sleep and peripheral inflammation, but not increased brain TSPO expression, in seasonal allergy : A [11C]PBR28 PET study
  • 2018
  • In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 68, s. 146-157
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Allergy is associated with non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, sleep problems and impaired cognition. One explanation could be that the allergic inflammatory state includes activation of immune cells in the brain, but this hypothesis has not been tested in humans. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate seasonal changes in the glial cell marker translocator protein (TSPO), and to relate this to peripheral inflammation, fatigue and sleep, in allergy. We examined 18 patients with severe seasonal allergy, and 13 healthy subjects in and out-of pollen season using positron emission tomography (n = 15/13) and the TSPO radioligand [11C]PBR28. In addition, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-γ were measured in peripheral blood, and subjective ratings of fatigue and sleepiness as well as objective and subjective sleep were investigated. No difference in levels of TSPO was seen between patients and healthy subjects, nor in relation to pollen season. However, allergic subjects displayed both increased fatigue, sleepiness and increased percentage of deep sleep, as well as increased levels of IL-5 and TNF-α during pollen season, compared to healthy subjects. Allergic subjects also had shorter total sleep time, regardless of season. In conclusion, allergic subjects are indicated to respond to allergen exposure during pollen season with a clear pattern of behavioral disruption and peripheral inflammatory activation, but not with changes in brain TSPO levels. This underscores a need for development and use of more specific markers to understand brain consequences of peripheral inflammation that will be applicable in human subjects.
  •  
49.
  • Tamm, Sandra, et al. (author)
  • Objective and Subjective Sleep in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Severe Seasonal Allergy : Preliminary Assessments of the Role of Sickness, Central and Peripheral Inflammation
  • 2021
  • In: Nature and Science of Sleep. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1179-1608. ; 13, s. 775-789
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Introduction: Disturbed sleep in inflammatory disorders such as allergy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is common and may be directly or indirectly related to disease processes, but has not been well characterized in these patient groups, especially not with objective methods.Aim: The present study aimed to characterize objective and subjective sleep in patients with allergy or RA using sleep diaries, one-channel EEG and actigraphy. It also aimed to investigate if sleep measures were associated with central immune activation, assessed using translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography, as well as cytokine markers of peripheral inflammation and disease-specific symptoms or general symptoms of sickness.Methods: In total, 18 patients with seasonal pollen allergy, 18 patients with RA and 26 healthy controls were included in the study. Allergy patients and matched controls were assessed twice, in and out of pollen season, and RA patients and controls were assessed once. Sleep was recorded for approximately 1 week at each occasion.Results: Patients with allergy had increased levels of slow-wave sleep during pollen season. In contrast, patients with RA had less SWS compared to healthy controls, while no differences were observed in sleep duration or subjective sleep quality. Across groups, neither proinflammatory cytokines, grey matter TSPO levels nor general sickness symptoms were associated with objective or subjective measures of sleep. Rhinitis, but not conjunctivitis, was correlated to worse subjective sleep and more slow wave sleep in allergy. Functional status, but not disease activity, predicted lower subjective sleep in RA.Conclusion: This study tentatively indicates that both patients with allergy and RA display sleep alterations but does not support inflammation as an independent predictor of the sleep disturbance across these patient groups.
  •  
50.
  • Timm, Linda, et al. (author)
  • "I Did Not Believe You Could Get Better" : Reversal of Diabetes Risk Through Dietary Changes in Older Persons with Prediabetes in Region Stockholm
  • 2019
  • In: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 11:11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Diabetes risk can be controlled and even reversed by making dietary changes. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of how older persons with a high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes manage and relate to information about diabetes risk over a ten-year period. Fifteen qualitative interviews were conducted among participants from the Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Program (SDPP). The participants were asked to recall the health examinations conducted by the SDPP related to their prediabetes and to describe their experiences and potential changes related to diet and physical activity. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The main theme found was that T2D (type 2 diabetes) risk is not perceived as concrete enough to motivate lifestyle modifications, such as changing dietary patterns, without other external triggers. Diagnosis was recognized as a reason to modify diet, and social interactions were found to be important for managing behavior change. Diagnosis was also a contributing factor to lifestyle modification, while prognosis of risk was not associated with efforts to change habits. The results from this study suggest that the potential of reversing prediabetes needs to be highlighted and more clearly defined for older persons to serve as motivators for lifestyle modification.
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