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1.
  • Ljung, Thomas, 1961-, et al. (author)
  • Treatment of abdominally obese men with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a pilot study.
  • 2001
  • In: Journal of internal medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 250:3, s. 219-24
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system perturbations found in abdominal obesity. DESIGN: Treatment for 6 months with citalopram and for 6 months with placebo using a double-blind, cross-over design, with a 2-month wash-out period between treatment periods. SUBJECTS: Sixteen healthy men, 45-60 years, moderately obese and with an abdominal fat distribution. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry, three different depression rating scales, serum lipids, testosterone, IGF-I, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pituitary stimulation with corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), arithmetic stress test, and excretion of cortisol and metoxycatecholamines in urine, collected during 24 h. RESULTS: Cortisol concentrations in the morning were low before treatment, indicating a perturbed function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. After treatment with citalopram morning cortisol concentrations rose to normal. Cortisol concentrations after stimulation with CRH or stress were elevated by citalopram treatment, but urinary cortisol excretion was unchanged. The glucose concentrations after OGTT (120 min) tended to be reduced, with unchanged insulin concentrations, whilst other metabolic values did not change during treatment. Heart rate after administration of CRH, and during laboratory stress test, decreased by treatment with citalopram. Diurnal urinary excretion of metoxycatecholamines tended to decrease. Neither body mass index nor waist/hip circumference ratio decreased. Depression scores were within normal limits before treatment and did not change. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study indicate improvements in the regulation of neuroendocrine-autonomic systems as well as metabolism in abdominal obesity during treatment with an SSRI.
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2.
  • Alfven, T., et al. (author)
  • Placing children and adolescents at the centre of the Sustainable Development Goals will deliver for current and future generations
  • 2019
  • In: Global health action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9880 .- 1654-9880 .- 1654-9716. ; 12:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Child health is taking the back seat in development strategies. In summarising a newly released collaborative report, this paper calls for a novel conceptual model where child health takes centre stage in relation to the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals. It lays out five principles by which renewed effort and focus would yield the most benefit for children and adolescents. These include: re-defining global child health in the post-2015 era by placing children and adolescents at the centre of the Sustainable Development Goals; striving for equity; realising the rights of the child to thrive throughout the life-course; facilitating evidence informed policy-making and implementation; and capitalising on interlinkages within the SDGs to galvanise multisectoral action. These five principles offer models that together have the potential of improving design, return and quality of global child health programs while re-energising the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals.
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3.
  • Cain, Peter A, et al. (author)
  • Age and gender specific normal values of left ventricular mass, volume and function for gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging: a cross sectional study.
  • 2009
  • In: BMC medical imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2342. ; 9:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Knowledge about age-specific normal values for left ventricular mass (LVM), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is of importance to differentiate between health and disease and to assess the severity of disease. The aims of the study were to determine age and gender specific normal reference values and to explore the normal physiological variation of these parameters from adolescence to late adulthood, in a cross sectional study.
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4.
  • Cain, Peter, et al. (author)
  • Physiological determinants of the variation in left ventricular mass from early adolescence to late adulthood in healthy subjects
  • 2005
  • In: Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 25:6, s. 332-9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The physiological determinants of left ventricular mass (LVM) measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging are not well defined as prior investigators have studied either adults or adolescents in isolation or have not strictly excluded hypertension or accounted for the effects of exercise habits, haemodynamic, demographic, or body shape characteristics. METHODS: A total of 102 healthy volunteers (12-81 years, 53 males) underwent CMR. All parameters [unstandardized and adjusted for body surface area (BSA)] were analysed according to gender and by adolescence versus adulthood (adolescents <20 years, adults > or = 20 years). The influence of haemodynamic factors, exercise, and demographic factors on LVM were determined with multivariate linear regression. Results: LVM rose during adolescence and declined in adulthood. LVM and LVMBSA were higher in males both in adults (LVM: 188 +/- 22 g versus 139 +/- 21 g, P < 0.001; LVMBSA: 94 +/- 11 g m(-2) versus 80 +/- 11 g m(-2), P < 0.001) and in adolescents when adjusted for BSA (LVM: 128 +/- 29 g versus 107 +/- 20 g, P = 0.063; LVMBSA: 82 +/- 8 g m(-2) versus 71 +/- 10 g m(-2), P = 0.025). In adults, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and self-reported physical activity increased while meridional and circumferential wall stress were constant with age. Multivariate regression analysis revealed age, gender, and BSA as the major determinants of LVM (global R2 = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Normal LVM shows variation over a broad age range in both genders with a rise in adolescence and subsequent decline with increasing age in adulthood despite an increase in SBP and physical activity. BSA, age, and gender were found to be major contributors to the variation in LVM in healthy adults, while haemodynamic factors, exercise, and wall stress were not.
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5.
  • Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (author)
  • Age- and sex-related differences in vascular function and vascular response to mental stress Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in a cohort of healthy children and adolescents.
  • 2012
  • In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 220:1, s. 269-274
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: Limited data, especially from longitudinal studies, are available regarding vascular health assessment in childhood. In this study, we performed longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in healthy children and adolescents to investigate age- and sex-related differences in vascular functions and vascular response to mental stress. Methods: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by tonometry. Endothelial function and vascular response to mental arithmetic test were assessed using a peripheral artery tonometry device. Data were obtained in 162 adolescents (mean age of 17 years, 94 girls) in a 3-year follow-up study and 241 children (mean age of 10 years, 115 girls) in a first-time investigation. Physical activity was assessed in adolescents by a self-report questionnaire. Results: Our 3-year follow-up study revealed that the increased PWV was greater in male adolescents (0.79 ± 0.79 m/s) than in females (0.27 ± 0.89 m/s, p < 0.001). Adolescents who reported decreased physical activity over the 3-year period had increased arterial stiffness. Comparing the cross-sectional data, we found that sex-related differences in reactive hyperemic response was more apparent by evaluating the overall response curve than measuring the reactive hyperemic index from one arbitrary time point, with lower peak response and smaller area-under-curve found in boys. Moreover, we found that, in response to mental stress, male adolescents had a more vasoconstrictive response, followed by a less vasodilatory response, and needed longer time to return to baseline level than the females. Conclusion: These findings suggest that boys are likely to have adverse changes in vascular health earlier than the age-matched girls.
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6.
  • Chen, Yun, 1978, et al. (author)
  • Childhood BMI trajectories predict cardiometabolic risk and perceived stress at age 13 years: the STARS cohort
  • 2023
  • In: Obesity. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: The aim of this study was to examine BMI trajectories from birth throughout childhood, associations with health outcomes at age 13 years, and time frames during which early-life BMI influenced adolescent health. Methods: Participants (1902, 44% male) reported perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms and were examined for waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse wave velocity, and white blood cell counts (WBC). BMI trajectory was analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling of retrospective data of weight/height from birth throughout childhood. The authors performed linear regression to assess associations between BMI trajectories and health outcomes at age 13 years, presented as estimated mean differences with 95% CI among trajectories. Results: Three BMI trajectories were identified: normal; moderate; and excessive gain. Adjusting for covariates, adolescents with excessive gain had higher WC (19.2 [95% CI: 18.4–20.0] cm), SBP (3.6 [95% CI: 2.4–4.4] mm Hg), WBC (0.7 [95% CI: 0.4–0.9] × 109/L), and stress (1.1 [95% CI: 0.2–1.9]) than adolescents with normal gain. Higher WC (6.4 [95% CI: 5.8–6.9] cm), SBP (1.8 [95% CI: 1.0–2.5] mm Hg), and stress (0.7 [95% CI: 0.1–1.2]) were found in adolescents with moderate versus normal gain. The association of early-life BMI with SBP started around age 6 years with the excessive gain group, which was earlier than in the normal and moderate gain groups, in which it started at age 12 years. Conclusions: An excessive gain BMI trajectory from birth predicts cardiometabolic risk and stress in 13-year-old individuals.
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7.
  • Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al. (author)
  • High physiological omega-3 Fatty Acid supplementation affects muscle Fatty Acid composition and glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese adolescents.
  • 2012
  • In: Journal of nutrition and metabolism. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0732 .- 2090-0724. ; 2012
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Obese adolescents have high concentrations of saturated fatty acids and low omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCUFAs) in plasma phospholipids. We aimed to investigate effects of omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation to obese adolescents on skeletal muscle lipids and glucose and insulin homeostasis. Twenty-five obese adolescents (14-17 years old, 14 females) completed a randomized double-blind crossover study supplying capsules containing either 1.2g omega-3 LCPUFAs or placebo, for 3 months each with a six-week washout period. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipids were measured. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp were performed, and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained at the end of each period. The concentrations of EPA, DHA, and total omega-3 PUFA in muscle phospholipids increased in both sexes. In the females, omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation improved glucose tolerance by 39% (P = 0.04) and restored insulin concentration by 34% (P = 0.02) during IVGTT. Insulin sensitivity improved 17% (P = 0.07). In males, none of these parameters was influenced by omega-3 supplementation. Thus, three months of supplementation of omega-3 LCPUFA improved glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese girls without influencing body weight.
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8.
  • Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al. (author)
  • Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves vascular function and reduces inflammation in obese adolescents.
  • 2010
  • In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 212:2, s. 580-5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Compared to normal weight adolescents, obese adolescents have lower serum omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations, augmented inflammatory activity and endothelial dysfunction. We wanted to assess whether n-3 supplementation increases the serum n-3 PUFA concentration, improves vascular function and morphology, and lowers inflammation in obese adolescents.
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9.
  • Forsell, Christer, et al. (author)
  • Four-year outcome of randomly assigned lifestyle treatments in primary care of children with obesity.
  • 2019
  • In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 108:4, s. 718-724
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To assess the four-year outcome in children with obesity randomised to one of two 12-month lifestyle treatment programmes in primary care.At baseline, 64 children with obesity aged 8.0-13.0years were randomised to a treatment programme managed either by a nurse, dietician and physiotherapist (n=32) or by a nurse and dietician (n=32).From baseline to follow-up, the mean body mass standard deviation score (BMISDS) had decreased by -0.50 [standard deviation (SD) 0.73], p=0.002, in the nurse, dietician and physiotherapist group (n=27), by -0.26 (SD 0.73), p=0.057 in the other group (n=29); adjusted mean difference was -0.22, 95% confidence interval -0.59; 0.16, p=0.25. Changes in weight categories did not differ between the groups: both had a change from obesity to normal weight in 1 and to overweight in 6; in the physiotherapist group 1 case of severe obesity changed to obesity. The combined treatment groups (n=56) had a mean reduction in BMISDS of -0.37 (SD 0.73) and an improved distribution in weight categories, p=0.015.After four years, there was no difference in outcome between the treatment options. In the treatment groups combined the number of children with obesity and their adiposity measures were significantly lower.
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10.
  • Järvholm, Kajsa, et al. (author)
  • Short-Term Psychological Outcomes in Severely Obese Adolescents After Bariatric Surgery.
  • 2012
  • In: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 20:2, s. 318-323
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Bariatric surgery is suggested as a treatment option for severely obese adolescents. Because adolescence is characterized by intense psychosocial adjustment and development, it is important to study the effect of this procedure on adolescents' psychological health. This study examined baseline status and short-term changes in anxiety, depression, anger, disruptive behavior, and self-concept in 37 adolescents (mean age 16.6 ± 1.3). Participants completed the Beck Youth Inventories (BYI) at inclusion and (on average) 4 months after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Internalizing (anxiety and depression) and externalizing (anger and disruptive behavior) symptoms were higher at baseline than gender-specific norms. One fifth had a very low self-concept. Four months after surgery, the adolescents showed significantly fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression and significantly improved self-concept from baseline. Anger and disruptive behavior showed no significant changes. An analysis of clinically meaningful changes was conducted, and besides the overall positive outcome, 16% (n = 6) of the adolescents had deteriorated on two or more inventories in BYI shortly after surgery. This impaired group did not show any specific features at inclusion. The results indicate the importance of psychological monitoring immediately after bariatric surgery and the need for additional psychosocial support to be available for vulnerable sub-groups of adolescents. Further studies with larger samples are necessary to identify characteristics predictive of short-term adverse psychological outcomes in adolescents after bariatric surgery.
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11.
  • Karlsson, Martin, et al. (author)
  • Serum phospholipid fatty acids, adipose tissue, and metabolic markers in obese adolescents
  • 2006
  • In: Obesity (Silver Spring). - 1930-7381. ; 14:11, s. 1931-9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Fatty acid (FA) composition has a role in adipogenesis. The objective was to study serum phospholipid (PL) FAs in adolescents and their relation to abdominal adipose tissue (AT) compartments and metabolic markers. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Abdominal AT was measured by magnetic resonance imaging and FA pattern was determined in serum PL of 10 obese adolescents (5 females), median age 12.0 years (range, 10.4 to 16.4) and BMI 30.7 (26.8 to 40.4), and 15 lean control subjects (9 females), median age 12.6 years (range, 11.3 to 15.4), and BMI 19.5 (17.1 to 23.4). RESULTS: Obese adolescents had relatively higher levels of saturated FA (SFA) and nervonic acid compared with controls. Serum PL concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was lower in the obese vs. lean females (p = 0.01), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (p = 0.01). The ratios of arachidonic acid to DHA and total n-6/n-3 FA were increased in obese children (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). n-3 PUFAs were inversely correlated to all subcutaneous AT compartments except visceral AT. The homeostasis model assessment index of beta-cell function related inversely to DHA concentration (p = 0.03). All changes were more marked in the females. DISCUSSION: Serum FA pattern in obese adolescents differed significantly from that in age-matched lean controls, reflecting a decrease in n-3 PUFA, especially DHA, and an increase in SFA. The subcutaneous AT, but not visceral AT, correlated to the changes in PUFA and SFA, suggesting an abnormal essential FA metabolism in obese adolescents.
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12.
  • Lambert, G., et al. (author)
  • Acute response to intracisternal bupivacaine in patients with refractory pain of the head and neck
  • 2006
  • In: J Physiol. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751. ; 570:Pt 2, s. 421-8:570.2, s. 421-428
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Continuous intracisternal infusion of bupivacaine for the management of intractable pain of the head and neck is effective in controlling pain in this patient group. With the catheter tip being located at the height of the C1 vertebral body, autonomic regulatory information may also be influenced by the infusion of bupivacaine. By combining direct sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), via a percutaneously placed catheter in the cisterna magna, with a noradrenaline and adrenaline isotope dilution method for examining sympathetic and adrenal medullary activity, we were able to quantify the release of brain neurotransmitters and examine efferent sympathetic nervous outflow in patients following intracisternal administration of bupivacaine. Despite severe pain, sympathetic and adrenal medullary activities were well within normal range (4.2 +/- 0.6 and 0.7 +/- 0.2 nmol min(-1), respectively, mean +/-S.E.M.). Intracisternal bupivacaine administration caused an almost instantaneous elevation in mean arterial blood pressure, increasing by 17 +/- 7 mmHg after 10 min (P < 0.01). Heart rate increased in parallel (17 +/- 5 beats min(-1)), and these changes coincided with an increase in sympathetic nervous activity, peaking with an approximately 50% increase over resting level 10 min after injection (P < 0.01). CSF levels of GABA were reduced following bupivacaine (P < 0.05). CSF catecholamines and serotonin, and EEG, remained unaffected. These results show that acutely administered bupivacaine in the cisterna magna of chronic pain sufferers leads to an activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The results suggest that the haemodynamic consequences occur as a result of interference with the neuronal circuitry in the brainstem. Although these effects are transient, they warrant caution at the induction of intracisternal local anaesthesia.
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13.
  • Magnusson, Ylva, 1967, et al. (author)
  • Lipid imaging of human skeletal muscle using TOF-SIMS with bismuth cluster ion as a primary ion source.
  • 2008
  • In: Clinical physiology and functional imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 28:3, s. 202-9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Intramyocellular lipids are of importance in lipid-related diseases. The techniques in this field are limited because of a lack of adequate tools for localization of various lipids. The most usual methods for the localization of lipid distribution in the skeletal muscle are histochemistry and fluorescence probes. Different chromatography methods and mass spectrometry techniques have also been used for lipid identification. Our aim was to localize the spatial distribution of lipids in their native forms by using static time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Human percutaneous skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the middle part of the lateral vastus muscle in the right leg of healthy adolescents with a body mass index >30. Samples were prepared by high-pressure freezing, freeze-fracturing and freeze-drying, and analysed by imaging TOF-SIMS equipped with a Bi3+ cluster ion gun. In the positive spectra, we identified phosphocholine, cholesterol, diacylglycerol, phospholipids and triacylglycerol. Phosphocholine was localized to the edge of the fibre, representing the sarcoplasma or endomysium. Weak cholesterol signals were observed in the intracellular areas. High diacylglycerol and low triacylglycerol signal intensities were seen in intracellular spaces of the transversal area of the muscle fibre. In the negative spectra, we identified fatty acids. We observed co-localization of fatty acids and diacylglycerol, which may indicate lipid-storing parts of the skeletal muscle. Thus, TOF-SIMS imaging can be used to depict the heterogeneous localization of lipids in human skeletal muscle.
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15.
  • Mårild, Staffan, 1945, et al. (author)
  • A controlled study of lifestyle treatment in primary care for children with obesity.
  • 2013
  • In: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:3, s. 207-217
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • What is already known about this subject Lifestyle intervention is the most common treatment strategy for children with obesity. Specialized units for the care of children with obesity report significant effects of lifestyle treatment. In children, the physical activity component in lifestyle treatment is often well accepted. What this study adds Two lifestyle treatment programmes in primary care for children with obesity both gave a reduction of body mass index significantly greater than the change observed in a non-intervention comparison group of children with obesity. Substituting one-third of nurse-led treatment sessions with sessions led by physiotherapists in one of the programmes did not improve the outcome. The efficacy of treatment in primary care seems to be comparable to that reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of lifestyle treatment in primary care for children with obesity. METHODS: In a multicentre study, sixty-four 9- to 13-year-old children with obesity were randomized to one of two 12-month lifestyle treatment programmes. The only difference between the programmes was that a physiotherapist substituted the nurse in one-third of the sessions in an attempt to stimulate physical activity. For comparison, children with normal weight and overweight, and an age-, sex- and body mass index-matched non-intervention group of children with obesity were used. RESULTS: Anthropometry and laboratory data differed significantly between children with obesity and normal weight at baseline. The follow-up at the end of treatment was attended by 55 children with obesity, 28 and 27 in each treatment arm. The mean (standard deviation) body mass standard deviation score changed by -0.36 (0.3) in the arm involving a physiotherapist and by -0.33 (0.2) in the other arm. These outcomes were not significantly different. Both reductions were significantly greater than the change of -0.14 (0.3) observed in the non-intervention comparison group of children with obesity CONCLUSION: The efficacy of treatment in primary care for children with obesity seems to be comparable to that reported in the literature. ISRCTN44919688.
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16.
  • Olbers, Torsten, 1964, et al. (author)
  • Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents with severe obesity (AMOS) : a prospective, 5-year, Swedish nationwide study
  • 2017
  • In: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. - 2213-8595. ; 5:3, s. 174-183
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Severe obesity in adolescence is associated with reduced life expectancy and impaired quality of life. Long-term benefits of conservative treatments in adolescents are known to be modest, whereas short-term outcomes of adolescent bariatric surgery are promising. We aimed to compare 5-year outcomes of adolescent surgical patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with those of conservatively treated adolescents and of adults undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, in the Adolescent Morbid Obesity Surgery (AMOS) study.METHODS: We did a nationwide, prospective, non-randomised controlled study of adolescents (aged 13-18 years) with severe obesity undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at three specialised paediatric obesity treatment centres in Sweden. We compared clinical outcomes in adolescent surgical patients with those of matched adolescent controls undergoing conservative treatment and of adult controls undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The primary outcome measure was change in BMI over 5 years. We used multilevel mixed-effect regression models to assess longitudinal changes. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00289705.FINDINGS: Between April, 2006, and May, 2009, 100 adolescents were recruited to the study, of whom 81 underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (mean age 16·5 years [SD 1·2], bodyweight 132·8 kg [22·1], and BMI 45·5 kg/m(2) [SD 6·1]). 80 matched adolescent controls and 81 matched adult controls were enrolled for comparison of outcomes. The change in bodyweight in adolescent surgical patients over 5 years was -36·8 kg (95% CI -40·9 to -32·8), resulting in a reduction in BMI of -13·1 kg/m(2) (95% CI -14·5 to -11·8), although weight loss less than 10% occurred in nine (11%). Mean BMI rose in adolescent controls (3·3 kg/m(2), 95% CI 1·1-4·8) over the 5-year study period, whereas the BMI change in adult controls was similar to that in adolescent surgical patients (mean change -12·3 kg/m(2), 95% CI -13·7 to -10·9). Comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescent surgical patients showed improvement over 5 years and compared favourably with those in adolescent controls. 20 (25%) of 81 adolescent surgical patients underwent additional abdominal surgery for complications of surgery or rapid weight loss and 58 (72%) showed some type of nutritional deficiency; health-care consumption (hospital attendances and admissions) was higher in adolescent surgical patients compared with adolescent controls. 20 (25%) of 81 adolescent controls underwent bariatric surgery during the 5-year follow-up.INTERPRETATION: Adolescents with severe obesity undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass had substantial weight loss over 5 years, alongside improvements in comorbidities and risk factors. However, gastric bypass was associated with additional surgical interventions and nutritional deficiencies. Conventional non-surgical treatment was associated with weight gain and a quarter of patients had bariatric surgery within 5 years.FUNDING: Swedish Research Council; Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems; National Board of Health and Welfare; Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; Swedish Childhood Diabetes Foundation; Swedish Order of Freemasons Children's Foundation; Stockholm County Council; Västra Götaland Region; Mrs Mary von Sydow Foundation; Stiftelsen Göteborgs Barnhus; Stiftelsen Allmänna Barnhuset; and the US National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases (National Institutes of Health).
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17.
  • Olbers, Torsten, 1964, et al. (author)
  • Two-year outcome of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents with severe obesity: results from a Swedish Nationwide Study (AMOS)
  • 2012
  • In: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 36:11, s. 1388-1395
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • CONTEXT: The prevalence of obesity among adolescents has increased and we lack effective treatments. OBJECTIVE: To determine if gastric bypass is safe and effective for an unselected cohort of adolescents with morbid obesity in specialized health care. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: Intervention study for 81 adolescents (13-18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) range 36-69 kg m(-2) undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in a university hospital setting in Sweden between April 2006 and May 2009. For weight change comparisons, we identified an adult group undergoing gastric bypass surgery (n = 81) and an adolescent group (n = 81) receiving conventional care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Two-year outcome regarding BMI in all groups, and metabolic risk factors and quality of life in the adolescent surgery group. RESULTS: Two-year follow-up rate was 100% in both surgery groups and 73% in the adolescent comparison group. In adolescents undergoing surgery, BMI was 45.5 +/- 6.1 (mean +/- s.d.) at baseline and 30.2 (confidence interval 29.1-31.3) after 2 years (P<0.001) corresponding to a 32% weight loss and a 76% loss of excess BMI. The 2-year weight loss was 31% in adult surgery patients, whereas 3% weight gain was seen in conventionally treated adolescents. At baseline, hyperinsulinemia (>20 m Ul(-1)) was present in 70% of the adolescent surgery patients, which was reduced to 0% at 1 year and 3% at 2 years. Other cardiovascular risk factors were also improved. Two-thirds of adolescents undergoing surgery had a history of psychopathology. Nevertheless, the treatment was generally well tolerated and, overall, quality of life increased significantly. Adverse events were seen in 33% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with severe obesity demonstrated similar weight loss as adults following gastric bypass surgery yet demonstrating high prevalence of psychopathology at baseline. There were associated benefits for health and quality of life. Surgical and psychological challenges during follow-up require careful attention. International Journal of Obesity (2012) 36, 1388-1395; doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.160; published online 25 September 2012
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18.
  • Stridh, Sara, et al. (author)
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition blocks interstitial hyaluronan dissipation in the neonatal rat kidney via hyaluronan synthase 2 and hyaluronidase 1.
  • 2011
  • In: Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-1802 .- 0945-053X. ; 30:1, s. 62-9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A functional renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is required for normal kidney development. Neonatal inhibition of the RAS in rats results in long-term pathological renal phenotype and causes hyaluronan (HA), which is involved in morphogenesis and inflammation, to accumulate. To elucidate the mechanisms, intrarenal HA content was followed during neonatal completion of nephrogenesis with or without angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) together with mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthases (HAS), hyaluronidases (Hyal), urinary hyaluronidase activity and cortical lymphatic vessels, which facilitate the drainage of HA from the tissue. In 6-8days old control rats cortical HA content was high and reduced by 93% on days 10-21, reaching adult low levels. Medullary HA content was high on days 6-8 and then reduced by 85% to 12-fold above cortical levels at day 21. In neonatally ACEI-treated rats the reduction in HA was abolished. Temporal expression of HAS2 corresponded with the reduction in HA content in the normal kidney. In ACEI-treated animals cortical HAS2 remained twice the expression of controls. Medullary Hyal1 increased in controls but decreased in ACEI-treated animals. Urine hyaluronidase activity decreased with time in control animals while in ACEI-treated animals it was initially 50% lower and did not change over time. Cells expressing the lymphatic endothelial mucoprotein podoplanin in ACEI-treated animals were increased 18-fold compared to controls suggesting compensation. In conclusion, the high renal HA content is rapidly reduced due to reduced HAS2 and increased Hyal1 mRNA expressions. Normal angiotensin II function is crucial for inducing these changes. Due to the extreme water-attracting and pro-inflammatory properties of HA, accumulation in the neonatally ACEI-treated kidneys may partly explain the pathological renal phenotype of the adult kidney, which include reduced urinary concentration ability and tubulointerstitial inflammation.
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20.
  • Ambring, Anneli, 1964, et al. (author)
  • Effects of a Mediterranean-inspired diet on blood lipids, vascular function and oxidative stress in healthy subjects.
  • 2004
  • In: Clinical science (London, England : 1979). - 0143-5221. ; 106:5, s. 519-25
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Mediterranean-inspired diets have been shown to decrease cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, who frequently exhibit endothelial dysfunction. The aims of the present study are to improve endothelial function by dietary intervention in healthy subjects with lipid levels representative of a Western population. Twenty-two healthy subjects (mean total cholesterol, 5.6 mmol/l) were given a Mediterranean-inspired diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and sterol esters, but low in saturated fat, or an ordinary Swedish diet, for 4 weeks in a randomized cross-over study. The composition of the diets were: in the Swedish diet, 2090 kcal (where 1 kcal=4.184 kJ; 48% of energy from carbohydrate, 15% from protein and 36% from fat) and 19 g of fibre; in the Mediterranean-inspired diet, 1869 kcal (48% of energy from carbohydrate, 16% from protein, 34% from fat) and 40 g of fibre. After each dietary period, fasting blood lipids, insulin and glucose levels, as well as apo B (apolipoprotein B) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particle size, were analysed. Endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilation was measured invasively by venous occlusion plethysmography, and arterial distensibility was assessed by echocardiography tracking. Fibrinolytic capacity across the forearm, as well as oxidative stress measured through urinary F(2)-isoprostane, were evaluated. Total, LDL- and apo B-cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride) concentrations were decreased by 17%, 22%, 16% and 17% respectively, after the Mediterranean-inspired diet compared with the Swedish diet ( P <0.05 for all). However, no differences in plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and LDL particle size, endothelial function, arterial distensibility, fibrinolytic capacity or oxidative stress were detected. Treatment for 4 weeks with a Mediterranean-inspired diet decreased blood lipids in healthy individuals with a low-risk profile for cardiovascular disease. This beneficial effect was not mirrored in vascular function or oxidative stress evaluation.
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21.
  • Ambring, Anneli, 1964, et al. (author)
  • Mediterranean-inspired diet lowers the ratio of serum phospholipid n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, the number of leukocytes and platelets, and vascular endothelial growth factor in healthy subjects.
  • 2006
  • In: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 83:3, s. 575-81
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Reduced cardiovascular mortality and morbidity have been shown in persons adhering to Mediterranean-inspired diets (MIDs). Although the underlying mechanisms of this association are poorly understood, the importance of increasing dietary amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 series has been emphasized. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether a MID provided to healthy subjects would affect 1) the inflammatory process and endothelial indexes such as vasoregulation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and 2) serum phospholipid fatty acid composition. DESIGN: A total of 22 subjects (10 women) received a MID or an ordinary Swedish diet (OSD) for 4 wk in a crossover fashion. Concentrations of lipids and fatty acids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6, both before and after lipopolysaccharide stimulation; the number of leukocytes and platelets; and VEGF and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were analyzed. RESULTS: The plasma ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was substantially lower after the MID than after the OSD (x +/- SEM: 4.72 +/- 0.19 and 2.60 +/- 0.17, respectively; P < 0.0001). Neither C-reactive protein nor interleukin 6 concentrations changed significantly after the MID compared with the OSD. The total number of leukocytes and platelets was 10% (P < 0.05) and 15% (P < 0.001) lower, respectively, after the MID than after the OSD. Serum VEGF concentrations were lower after the MID than after the OSD (237 +/- 30 and 206 +/- 25 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS: A MID reduces the number of platelets and leukocytes and VEGF concentrations in healthy subjects. This may be linked to higher serum concentrations of n-3 fatty acids, which promote a favorable composition of phospholipids.
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22.
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23.
  • Charakida, M., et al. (author)
  • Endothelial dysfunction in childhood infection
  • 2005
  • In: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 111:13, s. 1660-5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis begins in early life, and endothelial dysfunction is recognized as a key initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis. Although infection has been implicated in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis, the impact of acute common childhood infections on the vascular endothelium is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 600 children aged 10 years drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The children were divided into 3 groups: those with current acute infection (AI; n=135; 73 boys and 62 girls); a convalescent group with infection in the past 2 weeks (n=166; 78 boys and 88 girls), and a healthy control group (n=299; 131 boys and 168 girls). Endothelial function was determined in all subjects by high-resolution ultrasound to measure brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and was expressed as the percentage change in diameter from baseline after reactive hyperemia. FMD was repeated in 40 children in the AI group and 50 in the control group after a mean interval of 1 year. FMD was lower in both the AI group (6.3+/-2.7%, mean+/-SD) and the convalescent group (8.1+/-3.1%) than in the control group (9.7+/-2.5%; P<0.001 for both). The observed differences in FMD remained after adjustment for potential confounding variables. At the repeat visit, FMD was unchanged in controls (P=0.85) but improved in the AI group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Acute infection in childhood is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. These findings support a potential role for previously unsuspected extrinsic inflammatory stimuli in the pathogenesis of early atherosclerosis.
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24.
  • Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (author)
  • Association between childhood BMI trajectories and cardiometabolic risk and mental health problems at the age of 13 years: the cohort STudy of Adolescence Resilience and Stress (STARS)
  • 2023
  • In: The Lancet. Global health. - 2214-109X. ; 11
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Research on BMI trajectories has been focused mainly on childhood and adolescence, missing birth and infancy, which are also relevant in the development of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. We aimed to identify trajectories of BMI from birth throughout childhood, and to examine whether BMI trajectories predict health outcomes at the age of 13 years; and, if so, whether differences exist among trajectories regarding timeframes during which BMI in early life influences health outcomes. METHODS: Participants recruited from schools in the Västra Götaland region of Sweden completed questionnaires of perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms and were examined for the following cardiometabolic risk factors: BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, pulse-wave velocity, and white blood cell counts. We collected ten retrospective measures of weight and height, from birth to the age of 12 years. Participants with at least five measures (at birth, one at age 6-18 months, two at age 2-8 years, and one at age 10-13 years) were included in the analyses. We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify BMI trajectories, ANOVA to compare different trajectories, and linear regression to assess associations. FINDINGS: We recruited 1902 participants (829 [44%] boys and 1073 [56%] girls, median age 13·6 years (IQR 13·3-13·8). We identified and named three BMI trajectories, and categorised participants accordingly: normal gain (847 [44%] participants), moderate gain (815 [43%] participants), and excessive gain (240 [13%] participants). Differences distinguishing these trajectories were established before the age of 2 years. After adjustments for sex, age, migrant background, and parental income, respondents with excessive gain had a higher waist circumference (mean difference 19·2 cm [95% CI 18·4-20·0]), higher systolic blood pressure (mean difference 3·6 mm Hg [95% CI 2·4-4·4]), more white blood cells (mean difference 0·7×10⁹ cells per L [95% CI 0·4-0·9]), and higher stress scores (mean difference 1·1 [95% CI 0·2-1·9]), but similar pulse-wave velocity compared with adolescents with normal gain. Higher waist circumference (mean difference 6·4 cm [95% CI 5·8-6·9]), higher systolic blood pressure (mean difference 1·8 mm Hg [95% CI 1·0-2·5]), and a higher stress score (mean difference 0·7 [95% CI 0·1-1·2]) were also found in adolescents with moderate gain, compared with adolescents with normal gain. Regarding timeframes, we observed that a significant positive correlation of early life BMI with systolic blood pressure started approximately at the age 6 years for participants with excessive gain, much earlier than for participants with normal gain and moderate gain, for which it started at the age of 12 years. For waist circumference, white blood cell counts, stress, and psychosomatic symptoms, the timeframes were similar across the three BMI trajectories. INTERPRETATION: Excessive gain BMI trajectory from birth can predict both cardiometabolic risk and stress and psychosomatic symptoms in adolescents before the age of 13 years.
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25.
  • Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (author)
  • Characterization of VCAM-1-Binding Peptide-Functionalized Quantum Dots for Molecular Imaging of Inflamed Endothelium
  • 2013
  • In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:12
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Inflammation-induced activation of endothelium constitutes one of the earliest changes during atherogenesis. New imaging techniques that allow detecting activated endothelial cells can improve the identification of persons at high cardiovascular risk in early stages. Quantum dots (QDs) have attractive optical properties such as bright fluorescence and high photostability, and have been increasingly studied and developed for bio-imaging and bio-targeting applications. We report here the development of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 binding peptide (VCAM-1 binding peptide) functionalized QDs (VQDs) from amino QDs. It was found that the QD fluorescence signal in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) treated endothelial cells in vitro was significantly higher when these cells were labeled with VQDs than amino QDs. The VQD labeling of TNF-alpha-treated endothelial cells was VCAM-1 specific since pre-incubation with recombinant VCAM-1 blocked cells' uptake of VQDs. Our ex vivo and in vivo experiments showed that in the inflamed endothelium, QD fluorescence signal from VQDs was also much stronger than that of amino QDs. Moreover, we observed that the QD fluorescence peak was significantly blue-shifted after VQDs interacted with aortic endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. A similar blue-shift was observed after VQDs were incubated with recombinant VCAM-1 in tube. We anticipate that the specific interaction between VQDs and VCAM-1 and the blue-shift of the QD fluorescence peak can be very useful for VCAM-1 detection in vivo.
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26.
  • Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (author)
  • Hair glucocorticoid concentration, self-perceived stress and their associations with cardiometabolic risk markers in Swedish adolescents
  • 2022
  • In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530. ; 146
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: While hair cortisol is proposed as a biomarker for chronic stress and a possible mediator linking chronic stress and cardiovascular risk in adults, studies in adolescents are scarce. We explored the associations between self-perceived stress, hair cortisol (HairF) and cortisone (HairE), and cardiometabolic risk markers in adolescents. Further, we examined whether association between self-perceived stress and HairF may depend on the use of the coping strategies "shift-persist ". Methods: Participants were 7th grade pupils recruited to the STudy of Adolescence Resilience and Stress (STARS) and data from the baseline examinations were used. Adolescents (n = 1553, 26 % boys, Mage=13.6, SD = 0.4) completed questionnaires assessing perceived stress and coping strategies "shift-persist ", provided hair sample, and examined for cardiometabolic risk factors including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) z -score, blood pressure, and white blood cell counts (WBC). HairF and HairE were analysed using liquid chro-matography with tandem mass spectrometry. We conducted descriptive analyses (Student's t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, Chi-square test) and linear regression analyses. Results: Perceived stress was not associated with HairF, neither had the use of coping strategies "shift-persist " any influence on this association. Both HairF and HairE were positively associated with BMI z-score (beta coefficients (8): 0.178 (p < 0.001) and 0.119 (p < 0.001) for boys; 0.123 (p < 0.001) and 0.089 (p < 0.01) for girls) and WC (8: 0.089 (p > 0.05) and 0.098 (p < 0.05) for boys; 0.103 (p < 0.01) and 0.076 (p < 0.05) for girls). Perceived stress was also positively associated with BMI z-score and WC. Perceived stress, but not HairF, remained asso-ciated with WC in boys (8 = 0.200, p < 0.001) in the models with HairF and perceived stress presented simultaneously. Modest association between HairE and WBC was found in boys (8 = 0.149, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The study supports the association between chronic stress and overweight/obesity in adolescents. Hair cortisol and self-perceived stress capture different aspects of how chronic stress is related to overweight/ obesity in adolescents.
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27.
  • Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (author)
  • High levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, insulin resistance and saturated fatty acids are associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy adolescents.
  • 2010
  • In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 211:2, s. 638-42
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis begins and progresses during childhood and adolescence. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest abnormalities that can be detected in the development of atherosclerosis. As the determinants of endothelial function in childhood are unknown, we investigated the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on endothelial function in a cohort of healthy adolescents. METHODS: A total of 257 adolescents (age: 14.5+/-1.0 years, 138 girls) participated in this study. Endothelial function was measured as reactive hyperemic index (RHI) using a fingertip peripheral arterial tonometry device. Blood samples were collected for analysis of lipids, insulin, glucose, fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids, and markers of inflammation and endothelial function. RESULTS: There was no gender difference in RHI. Boys had higher plasma level of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and lower level of insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), ApoA1, ApoB, and docosahexaenoic acid of plasma phospholipids than girls. There was no gender difference regarding triacylglycerol, triacylglycerol/HDL, LDL/HDL and ApoB/ApoA. The RHI was inversely associated with plasma ICAM-1 (p=0.0003), HOMA index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, p=0.001) and saturated fatty acids of plasma phospholipids (SFA, p=0.001). The associations remained significant after adjusting for age, height, BMI-z-score, sex, blood pressure, HDL and smoking. CONCLUSION: In healthy adolescents impaired endothelial function is significantly associated with high level of soluble ICAM-1, HOMA-IR and SFA.
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28.
  • Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (author)
  • Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and health behaviors in Swedish adolescents
  • 2022
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 50, s. 26-32
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aims: There is an urgent need to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health and health behaviours. To date, there are no such studies on Swedish adolescents. As COVID-19 emerged in the middle of our ongoing 2-year follow-up examination of the Study of Adolescence Resilience and Stress, we had the unique opportunity to use the corona outbreak as a 'natural experiment' to study the impact of COVID-19 on 15-year-old adolescents in Sweden. Methods: Adolescents (baseline age 13.6 +/- 0.4 years) were recruited from schools in western Sweden (during the COVID-19 outbreak schools were kept open for those under 16 years of age). The COVID-19 pandemic reached Sweden on 31 January 2020. A total of 1316 adolescents answered the 2-year follow-up survey before (unexposed to COVID-19 pandemic, controls) and 584 after 1 February 2020 (COVID19-exposed). Data on stress, psychosomatic symptoms, happiness, relationships with parents and peers, school and health behaviours were collected. Results: Adolescents reported higher levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms and lower levels of happiness at follow-up compared to baseline. These changes occurred to a similar extent in both the control and COVID-19-exposed groups. Likewise, the COVID-19-exposed group showed no deterioration in peer relations or relations with parents versus controls. We did not find any significant differences between groups regarding sleep duration and physical activity. Conclusions: Swedish adolescents exposed to COVID-19 during most of 2020 showed no differences in longitudinal changes in mental health, relationships with parents and peers, and health behaviours compared to those not exposed to COVID-19.
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29.
  • Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (author)
  • Impact of psychological health on peripheral endothelial function and the HPA-axis activity in healthy adolescents
  • 2017
  • In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 261, s. 131-137
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background and aims: The development of adolescence psychological health over a 3-year period and its relationship to peripheral endothelial function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activity were examined in a cohort of healthy adolescents in a longitudinal study. Methods: A total of 162 adolescents (94 females) participated in both baseline (mean age 14.5 +/- 1 years) and three-year follow-up studies. Psychological health was evaluated by self-report using the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment and the psychosomatic problem scale. Peripheral endothelial function was assessed using a peripheral artery tonometry device. The HPA-axis activity measured as cortisol awakening response (CAR) was assessed only at follow-up by collecting two saliva samples, immediately after awakening and 15 min later. Physical activity, smoking and parental education were assessed by questionnaires. Results: Adolescents reported increased depression and decreased anger over three years, while only females reported increased psychosomatic complaints. Reduced peripheral endothelial function was associated with high level of anger (beta = -0.332, p = 0.018) and disruptive behaviour (beta = -0.390, p = 0.006) over three years in males, but not in females, after adjusting for covariates. Blunted cortisol awakening response was associated with high level of anxiety (beta = -0.235, p = 0.017), depression (beta = -0.203, p = 0.038), anger (beta = -0.185, p = 0.048), and low level of self-concept (beta = 0.289, p = 0.002) after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: High level of negative emotions during adolescence may have adverse effects on peripheral endothelial function and the regulation of the HPA- axis activity, while high level of self- concept might be protective. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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30.
  • Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (author)
  • Neonatal losartan treatment suppresses renal expression of molecules involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions
  • 2004
  • In: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1046-6673 .- 1533-3450. ; 15:5, s. 1232-43
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Lack of neonatal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)) stimulation produces renal abnormalities characterized by papillary atrophy and impaired urinary concentrating ability, but the mechanisms involved are still unclear. DNA microarray was used to identify genes that are differentially expressed in renal medulla in response to neonatal treatment with AT(1) receptor antagonist losartan (30 mg/kg per d), which commenced within 24 h after birth. The data showed that losartan treatment for 48 h downregulated 68 genes, approximately 30% of which encode various components of cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-associated proteins, extracellular matrix, and enzymes involved in extracellular matrix maturation or turnover. With the use of immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblot, the microarray data were confirmed and it was demonstrated that losartan suppressed renal expression of syndecan 2, alpha-smooth muscle actin, MHC class II, and leukocyte type 12-lipoxygenase by day 4. In addition, losartan inhibited medullary expression of integrin alpha6 and caused relocalization of integrins alpha6 and alpha3. Moreover, losartan inhibited cell proliferation in medullary tubules by day 9, as detected by Ki-67 immunostaining. This study provides new data supporting the contention that a lack of AT(1) receptor stimulation results in abnormal matrix assembly, disturbed cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and subsequent abnormal tubular maturation. Moreover, regulation of the expression of leukocyte type 12-lipoxygenase and alpha-smooth muscle actin by the renin-angiotensin system in the immature kidney adds new knowledge toward the understanding of renal vascular development.
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31.
  • Chen, Yun, 1966, et al. (author)
  • The renin-angiotensin system in kidney development
  • 2004
  • In: Acta Physiol Scand. - 0001-6772. ; 181:4, s. 529-35
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • All components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are highly expressed in the developing kidney in a pattern suggesting a role for angiotensin II in renal development. In support of this notion, pharmacological interruption of angiotensin II type-1 (AT(1)) receptor signalling in animals with an ongoing nephrogenesis produces specific renal abnormalities characterized by papillary atrophy, abnormal wall thickening of intrarenal arterioles, tubular atrophy associated with expansion of the interstitium, and a marked impairment in urinary concentrating ability. Similar changes in renal morphology and function develop also in mice with targeted inactivation of genes encoding renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, or both AT(1) receptor isoforms simultaneously. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that an intact signalling through AT(1) receptors is a prerequisite for normal renal development. The present report mainly reviews the renal abnormalities induced by blocking the RAS pharmacologically in experimental animal models. In addition, pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
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32.
  • Corell, Maria, et al. (author)
  • Does the family affluence scale reflect actual parental earned income, level of education and occupational status? A validation study using register data in Sweden
  • 2021
  • In: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aim To examine the external validity of the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) among adolescents in Sweden by using register data for parental earned income, level of education and occupational status. Methods Data from the baseline (2015-2019) of the Study of Adolescence Resilience and Stress (STARS), comprising 2283 13-year-olds in the region of Vastra Gotaland, were used. The FAS III consists of six items: unshared bedroom, car ownership, computer/tablet ownership, dishwasher, number of bathrooms and number of holidays abroad. Register data regarding earned income, educational level and occupational status from Statistics Sweden (2014-2018) were linked to adolescents. In total, survey data were available for 2280 adolescents, and register data were available for 2258 mothers and 2204 fathers. Results Total parental earned income was moderately correlated with adolescents' scoring on FAS (0.31 r < 0.48, p < 0.001), depending on examination year. The low FAS group mainly comprised low-income households, and the high FAS group mainly comprised high-income households. Correlations between mothers' and fathers' educational level and adolescents' scoring on FAS were low (r = 0.19 and r = 0.21, respectively, p < 0.001). FAS was higher among adolescents whose parents were working, but the correlation between parents' occupational status and FAS was low (r = 0.22, p < 0.001). Conclusions The FAS can mainly identify low- and high-income households in Sweden. It may be used as an alternative measure of parental earned income in studies using self-reported socioeconomic status among adolescents.
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33.
  • Corell, Maria, et al. (author)
  • Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent mental health in the Nordic countries in the 2000s-A study using cross-sectional data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study
  • 2024
  • In: ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 82:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BackgroundAdolescents in Sweden experience more mental health problems and lower mental well-being than adolescents in other Nordic countries. According to the literature, one possible explanation may be differences in income inequality. The at-risk-of-poverty rate varies significantly across the Nordic countries, and the highest rate is found in Sweden. The aims of the study were to examine socioeconomic inequalities in subjective health complaints and life satisfaction among adolescents in the Nordic countries during 2002 - 2018 and to explore whether subjective health complaints and life satisfaction were related to income inequality in terms of the at-risk-of-poverty rate at the country level.MethodsData regarding 15-year-olds from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study from five survey rounds (2002 - 2018) were used (n = 41,148). The HBSC Symptoms Checklist and Cantril's ladder were used as measures of subjective health complaints and life satisfaction, respectively. The Family Affluence Scale, the Perceived Family Wealth item and the at-risk-of-poverty rate in each country were used as measures of individual-level socioeconomic conditions and country-level income inequality. Statistical methods involved ANOVA, multiple linear regressions and multilevel regression analyses.ResultsAbsolute and relative socioeconomic inequalities in both subjective health complaints and life satisfaction were found in all countries. Sweden showed average socioeconomic inequalities, Iceland the largest and Denmark the smallest. Country-level income inequality in terms of the at-risk-of-poverty rate was associated with a higher prevalence of subjective health complaints and lower levels of life satisfaction in all countries.ConclusionSocioeconomic inequalities in adolescent mental health and well-being persisted in Nordic countries in the 2000s. Increasing income inequality may have contributed to higher levels of SHC and lower LS in Sweden compared to the other Nordic countries. Policies improving families' socioeconomic conditions and reducing income inequality at the country level are needed to improve and reduce inequalities in mental health and well-being among adolescents.
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34.
  • Corell, Maria, et al. (author)
  • Subjective health complaints in early adolescence reflect stress: A study among adolescents in Western Sweden
  • 2022
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 50:4, s. 516-523
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aims: Mental health problems are common among Swedish adolescents and are sometimes referred to as 'stress-related'. The overall aim of this study is to do an analysis of subjective health complaints (SHCs) and perceived general stress among adolescents in Sweden, both their prevalence and association, by gender, migration background, family structure and socioeconomic conditions. Methods: Data from the baseline (comprising 2283 adolescents aged 13) of the STudy of Adolescence Resilience and Stress (STARS) study in Vastra Gotaland in Sweden were used. SHCs were measured by the Psychosomatic Problems Scale (PSP-scale) and self-reported stress was measured by Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Socioeconomic conditions were measured with the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) and the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status (SSS). Statistical analyses included Student's t-tests and ANOVAs of means, linear and logistic regression analyses and Pearson's correlations. Results: Social inequalities in both SHCs and self-reported stress were found; levels were higher among girls, adolescents living with one parent or in families with less favourable socioeconomic conditions. Self-reported stress and SHCs were found to be strongly correlated (r=0.70). Correlations with self-reported stress were stronger for psychological complaints (r=0.71) than for somatic complaints (r=0.52). Correlations did not vary with socioeconomic conditions of the family. Conclusions: SHCs do reflect general stress among adolescents, and it is appropriate to address the complaints as 'stress-related'. Measures to improve adolescents' mental health by reducing levels of SHCs should pay special attention to stressors in adolescents' daily lives and strengthening adolescent's coping resources and strategies.
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35.
  • Dahlstrand, Johan, et al. (author)
  • Move for Your Heart, Break a Sweat for Your Mind: Providing Precision in Adolescent Health and Physical Activity Behaviour Pattern.
  • 2023
  • In: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. - 1879-1972. ; 73:1, s. 29-36
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Adolescent health benefits of different physical activity (PA) intensities, especially of lower intensities, are debated due to challenges in accelerometer data processing and analyses. Using a new accelerometer data processing method and multivariate pattern analysis, this study investigated the association of PA intensities with indicators of cardiovascular and mental health.Adolescents (n= 1,235, mean age 13.6years, 41% males) were examined for cardiovascular health: body mass index (BMI) z-score, waist circumference (WC), resting heart rate and blood pressure, white blood cell count (WBC), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and answered questionnaires assessing stress and psychosomatic symptoms. Sex, age, and socioeconomic status were confounders. Hip-worn accelerometer data were processed with 10Hz frequency extended method and a spectrum of 22 PA intensity categories was analyzed for association with health using partial least squares regression.Total explained variances for BMI z-score, WC, resting heart rate, stress, and psychosomatic symptoms were higher (3.3%-8.7%) compared to diastolic blood pressure, WBC, and PWV (0.9%-1.4%). We found positive associations of high-end moderate PA and vigorous PA with cardiovascular and mental health indicators. More sedentary time and lower level of light PA were associated with higher BMI z-score, WC, resting heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, WBC, and PWV, but not with mental health indicators. Very vigorous PA was negatively associated with resting heart rate, stress, and psychosomatic symptoms.In adolescents, PA of varying intensities were generally found to be positively associated with better cardiovascular health, but only higher intensity PA was associated with better mental health.
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36.
  • Dahlstrand, Johan, et al. (author)
  • The use of coping strategies “shift-persist” mediates associations between physical activity and mental health problems in adolescents: a cross-sectional study
  • 2021
  • In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Self-perceived mental health problems among adolescents has had an upward trend. Concurrently, adolescents’ physical activity (PA) has been falling whilst sedentary time (SED) has increased. There is a lack of research using accelerometer measured PA and SED to study their relationships to perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms, both frequently observed mental health problems among adolescents. Whether coping strategies is one of the mechanisms underlying such relationship is less clear. Methods: A total of 2283 13-year olds were enrolled in the baseline examination of the STARS (STudy of Adolescence Resilience and Stress) study in Western Sweden. Light-, moderate-, vigorous-intensity PA (LPA, MPA and VPA) and SED were measured using hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer. A total of 1284 adolescents provided valid accelerometer data (at least 4 days with ≥10 h per day). PA and SED during school-time and leisure-time were analysed separately. Surveys were utilized to monitor perceived stress, psychosomatic symptoms and the use of coping strategies “shift-persist”. Logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed adjusting for gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and puberty development. Results: We observed that more time spent in PA was associated with less stress in adolescents. The associations were observed for LPA (Odds ratio for LPA per 60 min: 0.557 (95% CI 0.399–0.776), VPA (Odds ratio for VPA per 15 min: 0.688 (95% CI 0.588–0.806) and MVPA (Odds ratio for MVPA per 15 min: 0.795 (95%CI 0.718–0.879) during leisure time, but not during school time. Similar associations were observed between leisure time PA and psychosomatic symptoms. The associations remained statistically significant even after adjusting for the confounders. Further, our data showed that adolescents who engaged more time in PA during leisure time were more likely to adopt the coping strategies of “shift-persist”. Mediation analysis showed that the use of “shift-persist” mediated the associations between leisure time PA and stress/psychosomatic symptoms. Conclusions: Leisure time physical activity, irrespective of intensity, may facilitate successful coping with stress and stress-related mental health problems in adolescents. © 2021, The Author(s).
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37.
  • Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al. (author)
  • Increased Rate of Arterial Stiffening with Obesity in Adolescents: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study
  • 2013
  • In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background We prospectively and longitudinally determined the effects of childhood obesity on arterial stiffening and vascular wall changes. Changes in arterial stiffness measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and vascular morphology of the radial (RA) and dorsal pedal arteries (DPA) were examined in obese adolescents compared to lean subjects in a 5-year follow-up study. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 28 obese subjects and 14 lean controls participated in both baseline (14 years old) and follow-up studies. PWV was measured by tonometer (SphygmoCor®) and recorded at RA and carotid artery, respectively. Intima thickness (IT), intima-media thickness (IMT) and RA and DPA diameters were measured using high-resolution ultrasound (Vevo 770™). Over the course of 5 years, PWV increased by 25% in the obese subjects as compared to 3% in the controls (p = 0.01). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased by 23% in the obese subjects as opposed to 6% in controls (p = 0.009). BMI increased similarly in both groups, as did the IT and IMT. The change in PWV was strongly associated to the baseline BMI z -score (r = 0.51, p<0.001), as was the change in DBP (r = 0.50, p = 0.001). Conclusions/Significance During the transition from early to late adolescence, there was a general increase in arterial stiffness, which was aggravated by childhood obesity. The increase in arterial stiffness and DBP after 5 years was closely correlated to the baseline BMI z -score, indicating that childhood obesity has an adverse impact on vascular adaptation.
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38.
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39.
  • Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al. (author)
  • Reduced cardiac vagal activity in obese children and adolescents
  • 2011
  • In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 31:2, s. 108-13
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Obese children present with various cardiovascular risk factors affecting their future health. In adults, cardiac autonomic function is a major risk factor, predicting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that obese children and adolescents had a lower cardiac vagal activity than lean subjects. We measured cardiac spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), reflecting the dynamic regulation of cardiac vagal function, in large groups of obese and lean young individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiac BRS, using the sequence approach, was assessed in 120 obese (59 girls), 43 overweight (23 girls) and 148 lean subjects (78 girls). Obese subjects showed a decreased BRS compared to both overweight and lean subjects [16+/-7 versus 21+/-9 (P<0.01) and 22+/-10 ms per mmHg (P<0.0001), respectively]. The differences remained after correcting for age, gender and pubertal status. CONCLUSION: Children with obesity had low vagal activity at rest, and there was no gender difference.
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40.
  • Dasandi, N., et al. (author)
  • The inclusion of health in major global reports on climate change and biodiversity
  • 2022
  • In: Bmj Global Health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 7:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This article argues that human health has become a key consideration in recent global reports on climate change and biodiversity produced by various international organisations; however, greater attention must be given to the unequal health impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss around the world and the different health adaptation measures that are urgently required.
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41.
  • Donald, A. E., et al. (author)
  • Non-invasive assessment of endothelial function: which technique?
  • 2006
  • In: J Am Coll Cardiol. - 1558-3597. ; 48:9, s. 1846-50
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare 3 non-invasive techniques for assessment of endothelial function in adults and children and evaluate their utility in acute inflammation. BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction is a key early event in pre-clinical atherosclerosis. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), although the established technique, is expensive and technically demanding. Measurements of vascular responses to inhaled salbutamol by pulse wave analysis (PWA) or pulse contour analysis (PCA) are potential alternatives. METHODS: Sixteen adults (mean age 28 years, range 18 to 39) and 16 children (mean age 13 years, range 7 to 17) underwent concurrent vascular function testing on 2 occasions with ultrasound, PWA, and PCA. Eighteen men were also studied before and after typhoid vaccination. RESULTS: Reproducibility of FMD was high in adults and children (coefficient of variation [CV] = 7.1 and 6.3, respectively). Salbutamol responses were more variable with PWA (adults CV = 11.5, children CV = 17.1) and PCA particularly in children (adults CV = 18.2, children CV = 36.3). Flow-mediated dilation (p < 0.001) and PWA with salbutamol (p = 0.03) responses fell after typhoid vaccination, and PCA (p = 0.7) was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular dysfunction during acute inflammation can be measured by FMD and by PWA with salbutamol. Flow-mediated dilation is less variable than PWA. Variability of PCA makes this technique currently unsuited to serial measures of endothelial function in children. Flow-mediated dilation remains the most reproducible method.
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42.
  • Eisenhofer, Graeme, et al. (author)
  • Catecholamine metabolomic and secretory phenotypes in phaeochromocytoma
  • 2011
  • In: Endocrine-Related Cancer. - 1351-0088 .- 1479-6821. ; 18:1, s. 97-111
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are highly heterogeneous tumours with variable catecholamine biochemical phenotypes and diverse hereditary backgrounds. This analysis of 18 catecholamine-related plasma and urinary biomarkers in 365 patients with PPGLs and 846 subjects without PPGLs examined how catecholamine metabolomic profiles are impacted by hereditary background and relate to variable hormone secretion. Catecholamine secretion was assessed in a subgroup of 156 patients from whom tumour tissue was available for measurements of catecholamine contents. Among all analytes, the free catecholamine O-methylated metabolites measured in plasma showed the largest tumour-related increases relative to the reference group. Patients with tumours due to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) showed similar catecholamine metabolite and secretory profiles to patients with adrenaline-producing tumours and no evident hereditary background. Tumours from these three patient groups contained higher contents of catecholamines, but secreted the hormones at lower rates than tumours that did not contain appreciable adrenaline, the latter including PPGLs due to von Hippel - Lindau (VHL) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gene mutations. Large increases of plasma dopamine and its metabolites additionally characterised patients with PPGLs due to the latter mutations, whereas patients with NF1 were characterised by large increases in plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, the deaminated metabolites of noradrenaline and dopamine. This analysis establishes the utility of comprehensive catecholamine metabolite profiling for characterising the distinct and highly diverse catecholamine metabolomic and secretory phenotypes among different groups of patients with PPGLs. The data further suggest developmental origins of PPGLs from different populations of chromaffin cell progenitors. © 2011 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great Britain.
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43.
  • Eisenhofer, G., et al. (author)
  • Plasma methoxytyramine: A novel biomarker of metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in relation to established risk factors of tumour size, location and SDHB mutation status
  • 2012
  • In: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049. ; 48:11, s. 1739-1749
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: There are currently no reliable biomarkers for malignant pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). This study examined whether measurements of catecholamines and their metabolites might offer utility for this purpose. Methods: Subjects included 365 patients with PPGLs, including 105 with metastases, and a reference population of 846 without the tumour. Eighteen catecholamine-related analytes were examined in relation to tumour location, size and mutations of succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB). Results: Receiver-operating characteristic curves indicated that plasma methoxytyramine, the O-methylated metabolite of dopamine, provided the most accurate biomarker for discriminating patients with and without metastases. Plasma methoxytyramine was 4.7-fold higher in patients with than without metastases, a difference independent of tumour burden and the associated 1.6- to 1.8-fold higher concentrations of norepinephrine and normetanephrine. Increased plasma methoxytyramine was associated with SDHB mutations and extra-adrenal disease, but was also present in patients with metastases without SDHB mutations or those with metastases secondary to adrenal tumours. High risk of malignancy associated with SDHB mutations reflected large size and extra-adrenal locations of tumours, both independent predictors of metastatic disease. A plasma methoxytyramine above 0.2 nmol/L or a tumour diameter above 5 cm indicated increased likelihood of metastatic spread, particularly when associated with an extra-adrenal location. Conclusion: Plasma methoxytyramine is a novel biomarker for metastatic PPGLs that together with SDHB mutation status, tumour size and location provide useful information to assess the likelihood of malignancy and manage affected patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
44.
  • Eklund, Charlotte, et al. (author)
  • High-resolution radial artery intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with suspected coronary artery disease - Comparison with common carotid artery intima-media thickness
  • 2012
  • In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 221:1, s. 118-123
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: The radial artery wall structure can be measured with non-invasive very high-resolution ultrasound with great feasibility and high accuracy. In the present study, we aim to explore clinical correlates of radial artery intima-media thickness (rIMT), in a relatively large patient cohort with suspected coronary artery disease, and further compare those to common carotid artery IMT (cIMT) that is an accepted surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Methods: Four hundred and sixteen patients referred to myocardial perfusion scintigram (MPS) were recruited, and cIMT and rIMT were scanned using conventional and very high-resolution ultrasound (55. MHz transducer), respectively. A number of plasma biomarkers were also measured. Results: Both cIMT and rIMT were similarly correlated with disease history, MPS-verified ischemia, carotid plaque burden, and lipid status. Repeated measurement of rIMT showed acceptable variability. Conclusion: Radial artery IMT may constitute a novel feasible imaging biomarker for systemic atherosclerosis burden, which may be used in future imaging trials to evaluate, e.g. anti-atherosclerotic treatments. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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45.
  • Eklund, Charlotte, et al. (author)
  • Radial artery intima-media thickness predicts major cardiovascular events in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
  • 2014
  • In: European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2412 .- 2047-2404. ; 15:7, s. 769-775
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of radial artery intima-media thickness (rIMT) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Carotid artery intima-media thickness is a well-known surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Recently, using very high-resolution ultrasound, we showed rIMT can be imaged with great precision and is related to various cardiovascular risk factors.
  •  
46.
  • Falkenberg, Cecilia, et al. (author)
  • Cardiac autonomic function in adolescents operated by arterial switch surgery.
  • 2013
  • In: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 168:3, s. 1887-1893
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Children with transposition of the great arteries, in whom an arterial switch operation (ASO) is performed, have been shown to have an increased incidence of sudden death, which may be due to cardiac autonomic imbalance and repolarisation instability. We hypothesised that i) cardiac norepinephrine (NE) kinetics and ii) arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), reflecting sympathetic activity and vagal function respectively, are altered in this group. METHODS AND RESULTS: 17 children (15.8±1.5years of age) with ASO-surgery in the neonatal period were studied. 17 had cardiac BRS assessed by spontaneous fluctuations of systolic blood pressure and RR-interval, and repolarisation was measured as QT variability index. Matched healthy subjects were controls. Cardiac vagal function and repolarisation pattern were unchanged following ASO-surgery. At cardiac catheterisation, we infused tritiated NE in 8 of these children to examine total body and cardiac sympathetic function at baseline and following 5min of adenosine infusion to induce reflex sympathetic activation. Blood was sampled simultaneously from the aorta and coronary sinus. Cardiac fractional extraction of ([3H])NE was substantially lower in operated children, being 56±10 vs. 82±9% (p=0.0001). Following i.v. adenosine in the operated group, NE total body spillover doubled vs. baseline (p<0.002) and the coronary venous-arterial concentration gradient of ([3H])dihydroxyphenylglycol increased 4-fold (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Arterial switch operation performed neonatally appears to leave cardiac vagal function intact and, although cardiac sympathetic activation in response to adenosine occurs, cardiac neuronal NE reuptake is impaired. This may be pro-arrhythmic by reducing removal capacity of NE from the cardiac synaptic cleft.
  •  
47.
  • Framme, Jenny, et al. (author)
  • 24-h Systolic blood pressure and heart rate recordings in lean and obese adolescents
  • 2006
  • In: Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 26:4, s. 235-9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: We assessed the hypothesis that differences in day and night-time systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) recordings were smaller in obese versus lean children and adolescents, and whether measurements obtained during a school week or during weekends or holidays influenced these nocturnal falls. We also wanted to determine whether the results were influenced by gender. METHODS: Ambulatory 24-h BP and HR measurements were performed in 80 subjects, 51 girls and 29 boys. Lean (n = 25) and obese (n = 55) subjects were classified according to body mass index (BMI)-standard deviation (SD) criteria. Forty-eight subjects had their 24-h recordings performed during a school week and 32 during leisure time. RESULTS: The SBP nocturnal dipping response was less pronounced in obese subjects (16.2 +/- 6.3 mmHg) compared with lean controls (21.1 +/- 5.7 mmHg) (P < 0.01) of which the girls constituted most of the difference. HR change between day and night was similar in both groups being approximately 15 b/min. A small but statistical negative correlation was observed between BMI-SD and nocturnal fall in SBP (r = -0.3, P = 0.0065). In all subjects, regardless of BMI-SD, daytime SBP was higher when readings were obtained during a school week (123 +/- 7 mmHg) than during weekends or holidays (119 +/- 7 mmHg) (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Obese children and adolescents showed smaller nocturnal falls in SBP compared with lean subjects. This pattern may cause increased cardiovascular loading; thus, it may reflect an early sign of high blood pressure development and adds to cardiovascular risk in young obese individuals.
  •  
48.
  •  
49.
  • Friberg, Peter, 1956, et al. (author)
  • Increased left ventricular mass in obese adolescents
  • 2004
  • In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 25:11, s. 987-92
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • AIMS: An increase of left ventricular mass (LVM) has been reported in obese adolescents in previous studies using echocardiography. The aim of our study was to determine the extent of the increase in LVM and correlation to other risk factors using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in obese and lean adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nineteen obese and 20 lean adolescents were recruited. Following resting blood pressure measurements and blood sampling for insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels, all subjects underwent cardiac magnetic resonance examination to assess LVM. LVM adjusted for body height was 16% greater in obese compared to lean adolescents (median 66 g/m, p = 0.0042). Obese subjects had higher resting systolic blood pressures than controls (median 115 vs. 110 mmHg, p = 0.0077) and higher fasting triglyceride and insulin levels. HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in the obese group compared with the lean group. CONCLUSIONS: Obese adolescents had a higher LVM than age-matched lean subjects, which correlated mainly with body mass index and systolic blood pressure. These findings add to the established cardiovascular risk profile of obese adolescents.
  •  
50.
  • Friberg, Peter, 1956, et al. (author)
  • Self-perceived psychosomatic health in Swedish children, adolescents and young adults: an internet-based survey over time
  • 2012
  • In: Bmj Open. - 2044-6055. ; 2:4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objectives: The authors investigated self-perceived psychosomatic health in young people (10-24 Design: Repeated cross-sectional surveys: (1) single question on a single day in 2005. (2) One specific Setting: Validated questionnaires launched on the internet by a recognised Swedish community site. Participants: 10-24-year-old children, adolescents and young adults. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Self-reported psychosomatic health in terms of sex and age Results: A large number of responses were obtained (up to 140 000). The response rate for the single Conclusions: During the period 2005-2010 a high percentage of young people, particularly females, 16-
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