| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Abdullahi, Amina K., et al.
(author)
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Framing Ethnicity in Initial Teacher Education: A Focus Group Study with Student Teachers
- 2024
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In: IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH. - 1528-3488 .- 1532-706X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to explore how student teachers experienced the framing of ethnicity in initial teacher education in Sweden. Ten focus group discussions were conducted (N = 42; 21% minoritized ethnic background). An inductive thematic analysis was used. The findings showed that ethnicity was framed as mainly concerning "others" and that it was framed as sensitive. The current framing of ethnicity suggests that initial teacher education does not prepare student teachers to support positive youth ethnic-racial identity development. The findings highlight a need for student teachers, and teacher educators, to explore their own ethnic-racial identities through critical discussions that challenge notions of ethnicity as something that concerns "others". Furthermore, the findings highlight student teachers' and teacher educators' needs for structured support in how to critically engage in "sensitive" discussions. Further, the results illustrate how the framing of ethnicity resonates with aspects of social identity theory and with the postcolonial concept "othering".
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| 3. |
- Beckman, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Preference-based health-related quality of life among victims of bullying
- 2016
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In: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 25:2, s. 303-309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: No previous study has estimated the association between bullying and preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (“utility”), knowledge of which may be used for cost-effectiveness studies of interventions designed to prevent bullying. Therefore, the aim of the study was to estimate preference-based HRQoL among victims of bullying compared to non-victims. Methods: A cross-sectional survey data collection among Swedish adolescents aged 15–17 years in the first year of upper secondary school was conducted in the city of Gothenburg in Sweden (N = 758). Preference-based HRQoL was estimated with the SF-6D. Regression analyses were conducted to adjust for some individual-level background variable. Results: Mean preference-based health-related quality of life scores were 0.77 and 0.71 for non-victims and victims of bullying, respectively. The difference of 0.06 points was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and robust to inclusion of gender, age, and parental immigrant status. Conclusions: The preference-based HRQoL estimates in this study may be used as an upper bound in economic evaluations of bullying prevention interventions, facilitating a comparison between costs and quality-adjusted life-years.
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| 4. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Adolescents’ Experiences of Cybervictimization and Body-related Concerns
- 2021
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In: Digitalt på WABF, 2021 webbsida.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research so far indicate that adolescent’s that are victims of cyberbullying also struggle with poor body image. However, since previous research on the connection between cyberbullying and body concerns has focused solely on body image little is known about the relationship between cyberbullying and other body concerns. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the relationships between cybervictimization and three body-related concerns: body-esteem, self-objectification, and internalization of body ideals (Frisén & Berne, 2020). The aim was also to examine these relationships not only to cybervictimization in general but also to appearance-related cybervictimization more specifically. The sample comprised 482 adolescents (233 girls and 247 boys; aged 13-15) from four Swedish schools. The results showed that 20.5% of the participants reported being the victim of cyberbullying directed at their appearance. Victims of appearance-related cyberbullying suffered from more body-related concerns: they had a poorer view of their general appearance and of their weight. They also reported more body shame, thin-ideal internalization, and appearance-related pressure from the media. A novel finding was also that body-related concerns were not related to cyberbullying in general, as has been implied in earlier research, but specifically related to cyberbullying directed at the victim’s appearance. The findings from this study can be used when developing preventions and interventions since it shows that victims of appearance-related cyberbullying suffer from the double burden of both struggling with victimization and also struggling with a range of body concerns. Frisén, A. & Berne, A. (2020). Swedish adolescents’ experiences of cybervictimization and body‐related concerns. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61 (1), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12561
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| 5. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Adolescents´view on how different criteria define cyberbullying
- 2011
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In: Symposium on the 15 th European Conference on Developmental Psychology, 23-27 August 2011-Bergen_Norway.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim. This study aims to explore how Swedish adolescents view different criteria from traditional bullying in relation to cyberbullying: intentionality, repetition, and imbalance of power. Additionally, it examines criteria that are specific to cyberbullying: public versus private, and anonymity. Methods. Forty-eight adolescents, age 12 and 15, participated in 8 focus groups, divided by gender and age. Results. The focus groups showed that adolescents consider the criteria of intentionality, repetition, and imbalance of power different in cyberbullying compared to traditional bullying. Furthermore, the respondents considered the criteria public versus private, and anonymity as unique to cyberbullying. We found that the criterion of imbalance of power differs in cyberbullying regarding the tendency to retaliate. The adolescents claimed some victims of cyberbullying dared retaliate on the Internet, in contrast to traditional bullying, where victims are unable to defend themselves. “If a person has been bullied she/he could retaliate on Internet” (twelve year old boy). On the subject of intentionality: the fact that you cannot observe the person behind the screen makes it difficult to understand the intention. Some adolescents however, were of the opinion that it is easy to understand when a comment/picture is a joke and when it is aggressive. This also relates to a characteristic unique of cyberbullying: anonymity; the respondents thought the impact worse if the victim is unsure of the cyberbully’s identity. The adolescents found repetition different in cyberbullying with regards to photo/video clip harassment; e.g. embarrassing photo/video clips could be uploaded to a webpage where each visit might be counted as part of the repetitive act. The criteria public versus personal became a recurring topic where participants experienced a bigger problem when many people accessed embarrassing material on the Internet than if the target was the only recipient. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that, adolescents consider the criteria of intentionality, repetition and, imbalance of power different in cyberbullying compared to traditional bullying. The criteria public versus private and, anonymity were described as unique to cyberbullying.
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| 6. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Appearance-Related Cyberbullying: A Qualitative Investigation of Characteristics, Content, Reasons, and Effects
- 2014
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In: Body image. - : Elsevier BV. - 1740-1445. ; 11:4, s. 527-533
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore 15-year-old adolescents’ experiences of appearance-related cyberbullying. Twenty-seven adolescents participated in four focus groups. The adolescents in this study perceived that it is common to be targeted in appearance-related cyberbullying, especially for girls, and that appearance-related cyberbullying is considered to be a potent strategy when attempting to hurt girls. Girls often received comments about being fat, while among boys, it was common to receive comments about looking or seeming “gay.” According to the adolescents, an important reason for engaging in appearance-related cyberbullying was to attain higher social status in the peer group. The girls and boys reacted differently to appearance-related cyberbullying. Boys tended to act out or take no offence, while girls experienced lower self-esteem and feelings of depression. Findings in this study contribute to research on cyberbullying as well as to research on girls’ body esteem development.
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| 7. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Cyberbullying assessment instruments: A systematic review
- 2013
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In: Aggression and Violent Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-1789. ; 2013:18, s. 320-334
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although several instruments to assess cyberbullying have been developed, there is nevertheless a lack of knowledge about their psychometric properties. The aim of the present systematic review is to provide a representative overview of the current instruments designed to assess cyberbullying. Further, emphasis will be placed on the structural and psychometric properties of cyberbullying instruments, such as validity and reliability, as well as their conceptual and definitional basis. It will also provide criteria for readers to evaluate and choose instruments according to their own aims. A systematic literature review, limited to publications published prior to October 2010, generated 636 citations. A total of 61 publications fulfilled the delineated selection criteria and were included in the review, resulting in 44 instruments. Following a rater training, relevant information was coded using a structured coding manual. The raters were the nine authors of this review. Almost half of the instruments included in this review do not use the concept cyberbullying. The constructs measured by the instruments range from internet harassment behavior to electronic bullying behavior to cyberbullying. Even though many of the authors use other concepts than cyberbullying they claim that their instruments do measure it. For the purpose of this systematic review, we have chosen to categorize them as two different groups, cyberbullying instruments and related instruments. Additionally, most of the included instruments had limited reports of reliability and validity testing. The systematic review reveals a need for investigating the validity and reliability of most of the existing instruments, and resolving the conceptual and definitional fluctuations related to cyberbullying.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(author)
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High school students’ suggestions for supporting younger pupils counteract cyberbullying
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 61:1, s. 47-53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study's aim was to explore high school students’ suggestions for supporting younger pupils prevent and deal with cyberbullying. Seventy‐eight high school students participated in 11 focus groups, and had many concrete suggestions for ways they could support younger pupils against cyberbullying. The suggestions covered a range of activities, for instance advising younger pupils on how to avoid becoming victims of cyberbullying by teaching them netiquette. Furthermore, the students were positive toward involving adults in counteracting cyberbullying among younger pupils, for example educating younger pupils’ parents about cyberbullying. Moreover, the students suggested that they could show support for victims of cyberbullying by taking on the role of a friend when a younger pupil is cyberbullied and spend time with her/him during breaks. They also had ideas about supporting younger pupils in getting cyberbullies to stop, for instance by teaching the younger pupils technical skills for dealing with the cyberbullying on the Internet. To conclude, the findings in this study indicate that high school students want to be involved in supporting younger pupils against cyberbullying, and have many concrete suggestions for how this can be done. These findings have implications for counteracting cyberbullying in schools.
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| 10. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(author)
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I would tell my mum and dad-Cyberbullying amongst Swedish fourth graders and their suggested ways to stop it
- 2011
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In: Abstract Book, ADOLESCENTS AND SOCIAL MEDIA: GUIDELINES AND COPING STRATEGIES FOR CYBERBULLYING, COST IS0801 3rd Workshop, University of Turku, Department of Nursing Science, 13.05.2011.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Most research on coping strategies against cyberbullying has been conducted on children aged 11 and upwards (e.g. Smith et al. 2008, Aricak et al. 2008). Few cybervictims “tells an adult” and their most common way to deal with it is to use “technical solutions” to protect themselves (e.g. Dehue et al. 2008, Smith et al. 2008). Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying amongst Swedish fourth graders (10-years old) and their suggested strategies for coping with cyberbullying. Additionally it examines differences between the suggestions given by cybervictims and non cybervictims. Methods: One survey with 105 fourth graders from 7 schools. Results: The results show that 15, 2 % of the children reported being the target of cyberbullying on one or two occasion and 4, 8 % more often (two or three times per month or once per week). 72, 6 % of the cybervictims reported that they had “told an adult” about the event(s). The most often suggested strategy (61 % of all responses) was “telling an adult”. Cybervictims were less likely to suggest “telling an adult” compared to non cybervictims. 26, 3 % of the pupils recommended “confronting the bully”. Few children suggested “technical solutions” (5, 1 %). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that cyberbullying does exist as early as in fourth grade. The most frequently suggested ways of stopping cyberbullying was “telling an adult” or “confronting the bully”. Cybervictims were less likely to suggest “telling an adult” compared to non victims. Only a few children suggested using “technical solutions”. Practical Implications: This study should promote further research to include this age group. The result that the most common ways of stopping cyberbullying was “telling an adult” point out that adults must know how and when to give help when asked
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| 11. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Negative appearance related comments on the internet - A form of cyberbullying
- 2013
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In: 16th European Conference on Developmental Psychology Lausanne, September 3-7, 2013.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background. We found in a previous study that many pupils believed that cyberbullying often is directed at the victim’s appearance, especially when girls are cybervictims (Frisén, Berne, & Lunde, in press). Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of negative appearance related comments pupils receive on the internet and in what forums. Method. Fifty-one pupils, age 10 and 15, participated in 8 focus groups, divided by gender and age. Results. The results showed that many of the pupils often received negative appearance related comments. The most common forums for negative appearance related comments where different social networking sites, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Chats and Blogs. Girls reported that they were more likely than boys to receive negative appearance related comments. However, many boys were also targeted. Concerning what kind of negative appearance related comments the pupils received on the internet, several of the pupils reported that they received negative comments about their weight and especially obesity. This can be illustrated by one of the ten year old girl’s examples of comments you might get on the internet: “skinny, you should eat more, we don´t want to see you”, or “hi fatso, lose weight”. Another recurring theme mentioned by the pupils was that the negative comments concerned their clothes and make up. It was also common that facial features (e.g., nose and teeth) on uploaded photos were commented in various maliciously ways. Conclusion. This study showed that many of the pupils received negative appearance related comments about their appearance and body, especially about their weight, clothes and make up. The most common places for these comments where different social networking sites. Reference Frisén, A., Berne, S., & Lunde, C. (in press). Cybervictimization and body esteem: Experiences of Swedish children and adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Berne, Sofia, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Youths´ experience of aggressive interaction through mobile phone and Internet
- 2010
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In: The always -on-generation: Risk and benefits of new technologies Florence, 21 October 2010.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Youths´ experience of aggressive interaction through mobile phone and Internet Sofia Berne, Anne Haglind & Ann Frisén Psychology of department, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Aim: The aim of this study was to explore if Swedish youths experience interaction through mobile phone and Internet as more aggressive then interaction face-to-face; if so what reasons they see for this. Methods: Eight focus groups were held with 12 and 15 years old Swedish youths. Forty eight adolescents´ participated in the study. Results: The result show that Swedish youth experience interaction through mobile phone and Internet as more aggressive than in real life. The focus groups interviews also show that revenge, negotiating power, social status and invisibility were important reasons for why interaction in cyber space becomes aggressive. The tendency to take revenge is one major reason for being aggressive in cyber space according to the youths. Participants made statements about how the parties involved at times might retaliate towards each other, neither wanting to give in, creating an escalating circle of aggression. The intent to maintain or gain a higher social position was another reason for negotiating according to the youths. The youths mentioned that the person who has the best ability to send quick, aggressive comments and who do not “give up” is seen as the one who has the most power and social status in cyber space. The invisibility of self and other was a further reason youths talked about. Several informants spoke about that the invisibility in cyber space makes you feel more safe from the others retaliation. The discussion in the focus groups indicated that sometimes the aggressive behaviour becomes cyberbullying. The youths implied that in the context of cyberbullying, revenge is a way of coping when they are bullied. The respondents also reported that some victims in traditional bullying dare to retaliate on the Internet when they are not seen and do not see the other person. Conclusions: The focus groups revealed that interaction in cyber space is more aggressive than face to face between youths. The focus groups interviews also revealed that revenge, negotiating power, social status and invisibility were important reasons of why interaction in cyber space might become more aggressive than face to face interaction.
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| 15. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(author)
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A Longitudinal Examination of Identity Status Interview Narratives: How Stable is Stable?
- 2014
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In: Paper presented at the 14th biennial conference of European association for research on adolescence. September 3-6, 2014, Çeşme, Izmir, Turkey..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A Longitudinal examination of identity status interview narratives: How stable is stable? The purpose of this research was to investigate how individuals maintain and develop their identities across time, and to identify processes that might prevent identity development. The research aimed to investigate aspects of identity development that are not captured by identity status codings, by focusing on individuals who did not change identity status between measuring points. The identity status interview (Marcia, Waterman, Mattesson, Archer, & Orlofsky, 1993) was performed with 124 Swedes, at age 25 (Frisén & Wängqvist, 2011) and at age 29. Individuals who were stable in committed identity statuses (identity achievement or foreclosure; n=55), and individuals who were stable in uncommitted identity statuses (moratorium or identity diffusion; n= 8), were studied in two separate analyses. Differences and similarities between interview narratives from both interview occasions were summarized, separately for each individual. Inductive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was applied to these summaries. The analysis of identity narratives from individuals in committed identity statuses resulted in a model that suggests that identity development among these individuals may be understood in terms of the deepening or weakening of three dimensions: approach to changing life conditions, meaning making, and development of personal life direction. Interview narratives from individuals assigned to the same uncommitted identity status at both ages were analyzed in a similar way. A combination of deductive and inductive approaches was used, as this allowed both testing of the model derived from the analysis of individuals in committed identity statuses, and for the model to be expanded beyond this original form. The results from this analysis showed that only the dimension meaning making could be applied to individuals assigned to the same uncommitted identity status. The other two dimensions from the first analysis were revised to fit this new group. In addition to the model, the Interview narratives for individuals with uncommitted identity status included elements of procrastination of exploration and commitment-making, problems integrating different identity domains, elements of dismissing available alternatives without choosing anything, and difficulties with more complex reasoning. The study indicates that continued identity development is one of the key processes through which an established sense of identity can be maintained. Moreover, the study identified processes that might prevent identity development among individuals repeatedly assigned to uncommitted identity statuses. In conclusion, the model that derived from this study captures some aspects of identity development among individuals who are repeatedly assigned to the same identity status.
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| 16. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Emerging Adult Parents’ Coordination of Work and Family Commitments
- 2015
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In: Paper presented at the 7th Conference on Emerging Adulthood. October 14-16, 2015, Miami, FL, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It has been proposed that the evaluation and coordination of commitments in different areas of life, such as work and family, becomes an important developmental task in late emerging adulthood (e.g., Pals, 1999). In the present study we explore how this coordination takes place by investigating how 33 (23 women) Swedish parents in late emerging adulthood reason around priorities between work and family. The participants took part in a semi-structured interview concerning their attitudes towards work/family priorities. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the material (Braun & Clarke, 2006). When describing their work/family priorities most parents talked about family as being more important than work, but many also talked about a strive for work/family balance. A small group said that work and family were equally important, but none of the participants said that they prioritized work over family. However, the results showed that wanting to prioritize family had different consequences for how different participants organized their work life. Most participants talked about how they were simply working their “regular hours”. Some, but not all, of these participants thought that working regular hours meant that their children had to spend too many hours in daycare, and some of them expressed a wish to work part time. A smaller group of participants (only women) work part time. These participants often talked about wanting to downshift and spend time with their children. In contrast, some participants talked about working long hours and putting in a lot of overtime. These participants often explained how this choice was a way for them to prioritize their family. For example, they talked about how working long hours would benefit their family financially or give them other advantages. Many participants said that their view of work/family priorities had changed when they became parents. Some of these participants said that before becoming parents they had thought that it would not be so difficult to combine work and family as it later turned out to be. Some also said that before becoming parents they had not thought much about work/family issues at all, or that their career had been more important to them before they became parents. A smaller group of participants also talked about how they expected, or had already experienced, that their view on work/family priorities would change during parenthood. For example, when their child got older and more independent they would be able to engage more in their work life. In conclusion, this study indicates that to prioritize family before work is normative among emerging adult Swedish parent, but that doing so can mean very different things to different people. Moreover, the results show that when emerging adults become parents work/family priorities is often a more pressing issue than it was before. This suggests that the transition to parenthood requires young people to negotiate their commitments in different life areas in relation to the new social realities of adult life.
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| 17. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Identity development in the late twenties - a longitudinal study
- 2013
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In: Paper presented at the 20th annual conference for Society for research on identity formation. May 16-19, 2013, Saint Paul, MN, USA..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Identity status interviews were performed with 124 Swedish young adults (63 women) at age 25 and 29. About half of the participants (n=63) were assigned to the same identity status at both interview occasions. Special focus was how the identity of the 55 participants assigned to the same status at both times, with established identity commitments (achieved-achieved or foreclosure-foreclosure), evolved over time. Thematic analysis on summaries of differences and similarities between these participant’s interviews indicated that the identity continues to evolve over time and that inability to evolve result in dissonance between the identity narrative and the actual life situation.
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| 18. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Identity Development in the Late Twenties: A Never Ending Story
- 2015
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In: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 51:3, s. 334-345
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate identity development in the late 20s in order to learn more about the continued identity development after identity commitments have been made. The starting point for the study was the contradiction between ideas of identity development as a lifelong process and identity status research showing that stability in identity development is common, particularly so once identitydefining commitments have been made. Identity status interviews were performed with 124 Swedish individuals (63 women) at ages 25 and 29. The 4 identity statuses were equally common at both ages, and stability in identity status between measurements was a typical pattern for individuals assigned to all identity statuses, except moratorium. Longitudinal analysis of interviews from participants assigned to identity achievement, or foreclosure at both occasions, resulted in a model of continued identity development after commitments have been made. The model showed that relevant processes in this identity development are: the ways in which individuals approach changing life conditions, to what extent they continue to engage in meaning making, and how they continue to develop their personal life direction. Identity achievement was connected to continued identity development, whereas developmental patterns connected to foreclosure were more diverse. In conclusion, the study showed that, regardless of identity status change or stability, identity development continues in the late 20s, also beyond identity achievement. Moreover, continued identity development is needed for an established sense of identity to stay adaptive and flexible.
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| 19. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Life on hold: Staying in identity diffusion in the late twenties
- 2016
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In: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 47, s. 220-229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study adds to the understanding of the dark side of identity development by investigating what it means to experience long-term identity diffusion during the late twenties. In a study of change and stability in identity status between ages 25 and 29 (N ¼ 124; 63 women), seven participants were assigned to identity diffusion at both ages. Longitudinal analysis of interviews with these participants showed that long-term experiences of identity diffusion may be described through individuals' approach to changing life conditions, the extent to which they engage in meaning making, and how they develop their personal life direction. In questionnaires, participants reported few signs of psychological distress. Even so, qualitative analyses showed a general trend among participants to keep life on hold through decreased activity or increased haphazard activity in relation to changing life conditions, to make little new meaning, and in some cases to dissolve their personal life direction.
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| 20. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Staying in identity diffusion in the late twenties keeps life on hold
- 2014
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In: Poster presented at the 21st annual conference of the Society for Research on Identity Formation, March 19, 2014, Austin, Texas, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A model of identity development among individuals repeatedly assigned to the same identity status, with established commitments (identity achievement or foreclosure), was presented at the 2013 SRIF conference. Building upon these results new analyses were preformed, focusing on identity development among individuals assigned to the same uncommitted identity status (moratorium or identity diffusion) at two interview occasions, four years apart. Thematic analysis on summaries of differences and similarities between these individuals’ interview narratives from the two interview occasions resulted in expansion of the previously developed model. Additionally, the analysis identified processes that prevent and post-pone the making of identity commitments.
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| 21. |
- Carlsson, Johanna, 1985, et al.
(author)
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“This husband, house, family thing… it’s in some ways the standard model” – Swedish emerging adults’ own voices on a possible future parenthood
- 2011
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In: Paper presented at the 5th Conference on Emerging Adulthood. Providence, Rhode Island, USA. 26-28 October 2011.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This interview study (136 participants) aimed to investigate Swedish emerging adults’ own thoughts and feelings related to a possible future parenthood. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the material. Results showed a strong norm toward wanting to have children among Swedish emerging adults, no participants rejected the idea of parenthood altogether. Women seemed more affected by this norm than men and women also reported more thoughts about potential problems (and possible solutions) related to a future family-life. These results will be discussed in the light of the Swedish public policies.
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| 22. |
- De Jesus, A. Y., et al.
(author)
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Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men
- 2015
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In: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153. ; 18, s. 137-142
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies have separately examined conformity tomasculine norms and internalization of body ideals in themedia in relation to the drive formuscularity (DM). This study was designed to examine these factors together in relation toDM, and further examine howtheymay differ in relation to drive for thinness (DT) and drive for leanness (DL). Participants were 284 Australian males between ages 18 and 42. They completed validated measures that assessed DM, DT, DL, male gender role norms, and internalization of body ideals. The findings showed that internalization of body ideals mediated the relationship between masculine role norms and body image in the case of both DM and DL. However, masculine norms and internalization were independent predictors of DT. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the roles that the media and masculine norms have in shaping men's drive for muscularity, leanness, and thinness. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm the nature and direction of these relationships. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Facing Challenging Experiences in Life – Narrative Identity Development Processes and Associations with Wellbeing During the Transition to Midlife
- 2024
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In: Identity. - 1528-3488 .- 1532-706X. ; 24:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates identity development in narratives of difficult experiences and associations with wellbeing in the transition to midlife. The narrative processes of emotional sequencing (i.e. emotional tone of how people frame their experiences: redemptive, neutral/vague, negative, and a combination of positive and negative) and positive and negative impact on the identity (i.e. how people perceive the impact of the narrated event) were examined in narratives about difficult experiences in early adulthood (Mage = 33.28, SD=0.54) and midlife (Mage = 38.62, SD =0.61). Results concerning emotional sequencing showed two typical patterns one of stability in neutral/vague sequencing, and another pattern of change from a combination of positive and negative to redemptive sequencing. Furthermore, positive and negative impact in early adulthood was associated with wellbeing in midlife. Findings in this study show that people who are neutral in their way of framing challenges maintain this outlook on life’s difficulties in the transition to midlife. The results also indicate that perceived negative impact of narrated events, and not only positive impact, in early adulthood has bearing on wellbeing during midlife.
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| 24. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Identity Development in Early Adulthood
- 2020
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In: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 56:10, s. 1968-1983
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This longitudinal study investigated identity development across early adulthood. To examine both stability and change in identity development, an explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. First, patterns of identity status development across early adulthood were examined, followed by an in-depth qualitative approach to understand more about the processes within identity status stability from the late 20s into the 30s. Analyses revealed group-level changes in identity status across ages 25 (M-age = 24.9, SD = 0.7), 29 (M-age = 29.3, SD = 0.6), and 33 (M-age = 33.3, SD = 0.5) among the 118 participants, with fewer individuals in moratorium and more in identity achievement in later years. Stable identity statuses with established commitments (identity achievement and foreclosure) were by far the most common patterns across early adulthood. To understand how early adults maintain their identity within these stable patterns, we employed longitudinal qualitative analyses of identity status interviews from ages 29 and 33. These analyses revealed 3 processes of identity development: approach to change (willingness to adjust and evolve previously established commitments), story integration (thematic and temporal integration, and metaexploration of previous identity work), and participation in a broader life context (identity expanding beyond personal aspirations). Together, these findings show that there is identity status change toward maturity across early adulthood and high stability within individual patterns. The findings also show that stable identity achievement facilitates further deepening within the three processes of identity development, and that stable foreclosure can be connected to both weakening and deepening in identity development.
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| 25. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Identity Development in Early Adulthood: A Continuous Journey
- 2018
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In: The Society for Research on Adolescence (SRA) biennial meeting. Minneapolis, USA: 12-14 April, 2018.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To understand how people develop their identities in early adulthood and learn more about how identity in the twenties influences later development this study investigates identity development with a longitudinal design and integrates the identity status model with a narrative approach. Three research questions guided the investigations: (1) Which patterns of identity status change and stability may be observed throughout early adulthood? (2) Which processes of change may be identified within identity narratives from individuals coded to the same identity status, with established commitments, across early adulthood? (3) What is the relation between processes of change in identity narratives in the twenties and development in the early thirties, and does this differ between individuals coded to identity achievement and foreclosure across early adulthood? Identity status interviews (Marcia et al., 1993) were performed with 118 individuals (59 women) at ages 25, 29 and 33. Analyses revealed group-level changes in identity status across the three waves. However, typical patterns of individual identity status development between adjacent waves were patterns of stability in foreclosure (n= 20) or identity achievement (n= 25) (see Figure 1). In order to learn more about processes involved in maintaining identity commitments from age 25 into the early thirties identity narratives from individuals who followed these two stable patterns were investigated with longitudinal qualitative analysis. Case-summaries of similarities and differences between each participant’s interview narrative from, ages 25 and 29, as well as from age 29 and 33 were analyzed with thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). These analyses resulted in a model, with three processes of identity development across the twenties and three processes of identity development across the early thirties (see Figure 2). All processes described changes on a continuum between two endpoints: the weakening endpoint reflected a shallower, more closed and firm identity narrative and the deepening endpoint reflected a richer identity narrative that had evolved between the interview occasions. Qualitative case-based analysis of participants’ development across the two models of identity development showed that evolved and flexible narratives (i.e., those involving processes of deepening) in the twenties were related to one or more processes of deepening, and no processes of shallower and firmer narratives (weakening) in the early thirties. The capacity to adjust the narrative to changing life conditions during the twenties was especially important for a continued development. However, individuals with shallower and firmer narratives in the twenties showed more varied results indicating more individual differences and could either continue in this weakening direction in their early thirties or evolve their identity narratives. With regards to identity status, most individuals coded to a stable achieved identity status continued to evolve their identity narrative from age 25 into the early thirties. The group of individuals coded to a stable foreclosed status showed diverse patterns of development with either continued processes of weakening or deepening, or a change in the opposite direction of their previous development. These results indicate development in identity narratives across early adulthood even without engaging in exploration before commitments are established.
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| 26. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Methodological Choices in Narrative Identity Research
- 2017
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In: 24th Annual Conference International Society for Research on Identity (ISRI) Conference. Groningen, The Netherlands, May 18-21.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The main focus in this presentation part of an interactive session on collecting narratives concerned collecting narratives with the identity status interview (Marcia, Waterman, Mattesson, Archer, & Orlofsky, 1993) and with this approach conduct longitudinal analysis of identity narratives (see e.g., Carlsson, Wängqvist, & Frisén, 2015; Wängqvist, Carlsson, van der Lee, & Frisén, 2016). By using the identity status interview this provides possibilities to investigate changes across time in the identity narratives (i.e., narrative change and stability), and explore mechanism behind processes of identity narrative development beyond exploration and commitment. This method also provides possibilities to investigate content of identity narratives and relation between identity processes and content in the narratives, all which can provide a deeper understanding of identity development.
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| 27. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Narrating Difficult Experiences – A Cultural Framework For Telling Identity Narratives in Sweden
- 2019
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In: The International Society for Research on Identity (ISRI) 26th Annual Conference, Naples, Italy, May 13-15.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study investigates a cultural framework for telling identity narratives of difficult life experiences among Swedish adults, and relations between narrative patterns and well-being. Narratives of life challenges were collected from 116 participants (M = 33.28, SD = .54, n = 58 women). Inductive coding was employed examining variations in ending valence. Four emotional endings were found: Neutral/vague ending, Negative ending, Redemptive ending and a Combination of positive and negative ending. Redemptive endings were associated with more life satisfaction than negative endings and Neutral/vague endings were related to less psychological distress than negative endings.
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Narrativt perspektiv på identitet
- 2020
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In: I A. Frisén & P. Hwang (Red:er, 2:a utg.) Ungdomar och identitet. - Stockholm : Natur och Kultur. - 9789127827738 ; , s. 49-66
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 29. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Ta Det Onda Med Det Goda (Accepting the Bad that Comes with the Good) - A Cultural Framework for Identity Narratives of Difficult Experiences in Sweden
- 2020
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In: Identity. An International Journal of Theory and Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1528-3488 .- 1532-706X. ; 20:3, s. 157-169
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the nature of narrating experiences of difficult life events among Swedish young adults. We use the master narrative cultural framework to understand how narratives of difficult experiences are told. Building on extant work on the importance of the narration of difficult life events for identity and wellbeing, we examine how these stories are narrated in the Swedish context in relation to well-being. Identity narratives about life challenges were collected from 116 participants (Mage = 33.28, SD = .54, n = 58 women). Employing an open-exploratory approach, four equally prevalent emotional sequences were found: redemptive sequencing, neutral/vague sequencing, a combination of positive and negative sequencing, and negative sequencing. No differences were found in the use of the first three emotional sequences for well-being, but the negative sequencing was generally associated with poorer well-being. This study shows that there are several ways to narrate difficult experiences in the Swedish context, and sheds light on how culture informs narrative identity.
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| 30. |
- Eriksson, Py Liv, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Understanding Identity Development in Early Adulthood: Integrating the Complexity of Individual Experiences and Different Theoretical Perspectives
- 2017
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In: The International Society for Research on Identity (ISRI) 24th Annual Conference. Groningen, The Netherlands, May 18-21.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study investigates patterns of identity development across early adulthood and the developmental processes behind this development by combining the identity status model with a narrative approach. Identity status interviews were performed with 118 Swedish individuals at ages 25, 29 and 33. The most common patterns of individual identity status development were patterns of stability in foreclosure (n= 20) or identity achievement (n= 25). Qualitative longitudinal analysis of these participants interview narratives resulted in a model with three processes of identity development in early adulthood: ‘Approach to change’, ‘Narrative coherence’ and ‘Participation in a broader life context’.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963, et al.
(author)
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13-Year-Olds' Perception of Bullying: Definitions, Reasons for Victimisation and Experience of Adults' Response
- 2008
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In: Educational Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0305-5698 .- 1465-3400. ; 34:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study is the second wave of a longitudinal research project examining bullying from the students’ perspective. A sample of 877 Swedish 13-year-olds filled out a questionnaire regarding the definition of bullying, reasons for why some students are bullied and the experience of adults’ response to bullying. In their definitions, girls were more likely than boys to include the victims’ experience of bullying, whereas boys were more likely than girls to mention bullying as an imbalance of power and a set of repeated actions. Assigning responsibility for the bullying to the bully was more common among girls and bullied adolescents than among boys and non-bullied adolescents. Furthermore, among bullied adolescents, 23% had not told anyone about the bullying, and 35% had not received any help.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Adolescent identity formation
- 2006
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In: a Swedish study of identity status using the EOM-EIS-II. Poster presented to The Society for Research on Adolescence (SRA) San Francisco, March 23, 2006.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine ego identity status among Swedish adolescents using the EOM-EIS-II. Identity status scores and distributions were examined for 222 (108 women, 114 men) Swedish high school students. There was a greater likelihood of female adolescents being categorized as moratoriums, and there was a greater likelihood of males being categorized as diffusions. To achieve a preliminary construct validation of the EOM-EIS-II four of the participants were also assessed using Marcia’s identity status interview. There was a fairly good accordance between the interview assessment of identity status and the EOM-EIS-II assessment in this study.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Adolescents’ perception of bullying: Who is the victim? Who is the bully? What can be done to stop bullying?
- 2007
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In: Adolescenc. ; 42:168, s. 749-761
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main aim of the present study was to describe adolescents’ perceptions and experiences of bullying: their thoughts about why children and adolescents are bullied, their ideas about why some bully others and what they believe is important in order to stop bullying. The adolescents were asked about experiences throughout their school years. The study group comprised 119 high school students, with a mean age of 17.1 (SD=1.2). Thirty-nine percent of the adolescents reported that they had been bullied at some time during their school years and twenty-eight percent that they had bullied others; thirteen percent reported being both victims and bullies. The age period during which most students had been bullied at school was between 7 and 9 years. The bullies reported that most of the bullying took place when they were 10 to 12 years old. The most common response the adolescents gave for why individuals are bullied was that bullied individuals have a different appearance. The participants believe that bullying individuals suffer from low self-esteem. The most common response the adolescents gave to the question “What do you think makes bullying stop?” was that the bully matures. The next most frequent response was related to the victim standing up for himself/herself. The adolescents that were uninvolved in bullying during their school years had a much stronger belief in the idea that victims can stand up for themselves than the victims themselves had.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Appearance matters on the internet
- 2014
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In: Appearance Matters 6, 1-2 July, Bristol, England.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- On social networking sites adolescents interact in ways that were not possible some years ago, by uploading and sharing photos in which they believe they look good. They also receive and provide positive and negative appearance-related comments based on these photos. Therefore, internet and especially social networking sites provides a potent context for the formation of children’ and adolescents’ views of their appearance and bodies. In the context of the cyber world two studies of cyberbullying among pupils have found that appearance is the most commonly reported reason for being cyberbullied (Cassidy, Jackson, & Brown, 2009; Mishna, Cook, Gadalla, Daciuk, & Solomon, 2010). The aim of this study was to explore 15-year-old adolescents' experiences of appearance related cyberbullying. Twenty-seven adolescents participated in four focus groups. The adolescents stated that it is common to be targeted in appearance-related cyberbullying, especially for girls, and that appearance-related cyberbullying is considered to be a potent strategy when attempting to hurt girls. Girls often received comments about being fat, while among boys, it was common to receive comments about looking or seeming "gay." According to the adolescents, an important reason for engaging in appearance-related cyberbullying was to attain higher social status in the peer group. The girls and boys reacted differently to appearance-related cyberbullying. Boys tended to act out or take no offence, while girls reported lower self-esteem and feelings of depression. Findings in this study contribute to research on appearance related cyberbullying as well as to research on adolescents' body esteem development.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963
(author)
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Assessment issues in body image research
- 2010
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In: Workshop: Body image in children and adolescents - Where do we go from here? Sätra Bruk, Sweden.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Body Esteem in Swedish Children and Adolescents. Relationships with Gender, Age, and Weight Status
- 2013
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In: Nordic Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 65:1, s. 65-80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present study, we examined different dimensions of Swedish children’s and adolescents’ body esteem in relation to gender, age, and weight status. Participants were 1096 10-year-olds, 12-year-olds, and 15-year-olds who answered questionnaires in school. The results showed that, compared with boys, girls had significantly poorer body esteem. Furthermore, body esteem differed significantly between age groups, with lower levels of body esteem in girls and boys in the older age groups. Overweight participants of both genders reported poor weight esteem, but they were not more dissatisfied with their overall appearance, nor in terms of appearance evaluations attributed to other people. In sum, eventhough gender differences were pronounced in the present study, with girls reporting significantly poorer body esteem, girls’ and boys’ body esteem co-varied in similar ways with age and weight status. This study, thus, adds to the knowledge on children’s and adolescents’ body esteem, providing unique data from a a cultural context with a long tradition of striving towards gender equality.
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| 47. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Changes in 10-year-old children's body esteem: A time-lag study between 2000 and 2010
- 2014
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 55:2, s. 123-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This time-lag study examined if there has been any changes in body esteem over a 10-year period for 10-year old children in Gothenburg, Sweden. Two cohorts of children, one in year 2000 and one in 2010, answered the same questionnaire about body esteem. A total of 960 children, 515 girls and 445 boys, participated in the first wave in 2000 and a total of 342 children, 171 girls and 171 boys participated in the second wave in 2010. The results showed a general stability in levels of body esteem for both girls and boys over the past 10years. The gender differences, with boys being more satisfied with their appearance and weight compared to girls also seems to be stable over the years. In addition, the results also showed a somewhat positive development among the overweight girls with enhanced body esteem for the overweight girls compared to the non-overweight girls during the ten years studied. Unfortunately, the same pattern was not found for overweight boys. For them the discrepancy in body esteem compared to non-overweight boys, with the overweight boys being more dissatisfied, found in 2000 remained in 2010.
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| 48. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963
(author)
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Cyberbullying - A focus group study
- 2010
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In: E-Youth: Balancing Between Opportunities and Risks? Antwerpen, Belgium, May 27-28.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 49. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963
(author)
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Cyberbullying – A measurement review
- 2013
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In: Symposium at the 16th European Conference on Developmental Psychology..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
- Frisén, Ann, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Cyberbullying and Body Dissatisfaction in Swedish Children and Adolescents
- 2012
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In: International Conference on Cyberbullying: COST IS0801, 28-30 June, Sorbonne, Paris.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Research indicates that several adverse consequences are associated with being a victim of cyberbullying such as: depressive symptoms, negative feelings, fear and a sense of helplessness (Perren, Dooley, and Shaw, 2010; Spears, Slee, Owens, & Johnson, 2009). The aim of this study was to understand more about another possible consequence of cyberbullying: body dissatisfaction. As far as we know, no other studies have examined whether cyberbullying is related to body dissatisfaction. However, previous research suggests that exposure to appearance-related teasing and conventional bullying is related to children’s body dissatisfaction (Lunde, Frisén & Hwang, 2006). Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether being a victim of cyberbullying is related to body dissatisfaction. Additionally, we examine the prevalence of cyberbullying directed at the victims’ appearance amongst Swedish pupils, aged 10, 12 and 15 years. Methods: In total, 1149 pupils, 10, 12 and 15 years old, were surveyed in Gothenburg, Sweden. The Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) was used to measure body dissatisfaction (Mendelson, Mendelson, & White, 2001). The questionnaire used to measure cyberbullying was based and developed from previous research on cyberbullying (Slonje & Smith, 2008). Results: Pupils aged 12 and 15 years old perceived that it is very frequent that cyberbullying is directed at the victims’ appearance. As many as 95% of the 15 year olds perceived that appearance is a common target especially when girls cyberbully girls. Results also showed that pupils often are victims of cyberbullying directed at appearance and that this increases with age (12% of 10 year old pupils, 13% of 12 year old pupils and 21% of 15 year old pupils). Finally, we found that those who were victims of cyberbullying, in all three age-groups, suffered from more body dissatisfaction. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate the need for further research that examines the relationship between cyberbullying and body dissatisfaction.
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