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- Harada, T., et al.
(author)
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Reduction of steelmaking slag using closed type DC arc furnace
- 2015
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In: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on the Science and Technology of Steelmaking, ICS 2015. - : Chinese Society for Metals. ; , s. 247-250
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The closed type DC arc furnace was investigated as a smelt reduction furnace for reducing steelmaking slag, especially molten hot slag. The reduction capability and its characteristics in DC arc furnace were clarified through the experiments of slag reduction in closed type pilot scale DC arc furnace and in open type commercial scale DC arc furnace. For further comprehension of the reaction mechanism flow pattern in slag and metal phases was examined by numerical analysis. Moreover the effectiveness of using hot slag was shown by estimating the heat balance of the typical test operation using cold slag.
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- Jacobs, Daniel I., et al.
(author)
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Elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of familial glioma
- 2018
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In: Cancer Research. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 78:13
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In recent years, the molecular characterization of sporadically arising diffuse gliomas has identified recurrent driving alterations and delineated molecularly and clinically distinct subclasses of disease. However, less is known about the molecular nature of gliomas that are familial in origin. To address this question, we integrated germline and somatic genomic data to characterize the molecular pathogenesis of 20 tumors arising in unrelated individuals with a family history of glioma collected through the Gliogene International Consortium. METHODS: FFPE tumor specimens were sectioned and reviewed to localize neoplastic tissue for DNA extraction. Library preparation, exome plus targeted capture, and paired-end sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform was performed at the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center. Single-nucleotide variants and indels were called with respect to germline DNA sequencing data for each case using MuTect2. Copy number profiling was performed on the Illumina HumanOmniExpress BeadChip and analyzed using GenomeStudio v2.0. Genotypes at known glioma risk polymorphisms were determined from germline DNA profiled on the Illumina Infinium OncoArray and rare, predicted deleterious germline mutations were identified from germline whole-exome sequencing data. RESULTS: Tumor exome sequencing was completed at an average read depth of 116X and we detected a median of 54 non-silent somatic mutations per tumor across the 20 tumors profiled. All three molecular subtypes of sporadic glioma were represented, including IDH-mutant, 1p/19q codeleted (n=3), IDH-mutant, 1p/19q intact (n=7), and IDH-wildtype tumors (n=10). Characteristic subtype-specific mutations and copy number alterations (e.g., TP53 and ATRX mutations among IDH-mutant, 1p/19q intact tumors) were observed, and the frequencies of recurrent alterations were comparable to sporadic glioma cases analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Notably, all 20 cases had alterations in genes regulating telomere length; 17 had acquired mutations in ATRX or the TERT promoter as typically seen in sporadic glioma, while three instead had germline mutations in telomere shelterin complex genes POT1 or TERF2. Frequencies of known common glioma risk alleles were similar to those among sporadic cases and correlations between risk alleles and specific somatic mutations were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates: 1) the complementarity of inherited and acquired alterations in driving gliomagenesis in some individuals with a familial predisposition to the disease; and 2) that the molecular characteristics of familial tumors profiled largely recapitulate what is known about sporadic glioma. In the majority of cases, the source of germline genetic susceptibility is not known but does not appear to be conferred by common risk polymorphisms.
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- Zeitlin, C., et al.
(author)
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Fragmentation Cross Sections of Medium-Energy 35Cl, 40Ar, and 48Ti Beams on Elemental Targets
- 2008
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In: Physical Review. ; :C77, s. 034605-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Charge-changing and fragment production cross sections at 0 degrees have been obtained for interactions of 290, 400, and 650 MeV/nucleon 40Ar beams, 650 and 1000 MeV/nucleon 35Cl beams, and a 1000 MeV/nucleon 48Ti beam. Targets of C, CH2, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb were used. Using standard analysis methods, we obtain fragment cross sections for charges as low as 8 for Cl and Ar beams, and as low as 10 for the Ti beam. Using data obtained with small-acceptance detectors, we report fragment production cross sections for charges as low as 5, corrected for acceptance using a simple model of fragment angular distributions. With the lower-charged fragment cross sections, we cancompare the data to predictions from several models (including NUCFRG2, EPAX2, and PHITS) in a region largely unexplored in earlier work. As found in earlier work with other beams, NUCFRG2 and PHITS predictions agree reasonably well with the data for charge-changing cross sections, but do not accurately predict the fragment production cross sections. The cross sections for the lightest fragments demonstrate the inadequacy of several models in which the cross sections fall monotonically with the charge of the fragment. PHITS, despite not agreeing particularly well with the fragment production cross sections on average, nonetheless qualitatively reproduces somesignificant features of the data that are missing from the other models.
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- Zeitlin, C., et al.
(author)
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Nuclear fragmentation database for GCR transport code development
- 2010
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In: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 46:6, s. 728-734
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A critical need for NASA is the ability to accurately model the transport of heavy ions in the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) through matter, including spacecraft walls, equipment racks, etc. Nuclear interactions are of great importance in the GCR transport problem, as they can cause fragmentation of the incoming ion into lighter ions. Since the radiation dose delivered by a particle is proportional to the square of (charge/velocity), fragmentation reduces the dose delivered by incident ions. The other mechanism by which dose can be reduced is ionization energy loss, which can lead to some particles stopping in the shielding. This is the conventional notion of shielding, but it is not applicable to human spaceflight since the particles in the GCR tend to be too energetic to be stopped in the relatively thin shielding that is possible within payload mass constraints. Our group has measured a large number of fragmentation cross sections, intended to be used as input to, or for validation of, NASA's radiation transport models. A database containing over 200 charge-changing cross sections and over 2000 fragment production cross sections has been compiled. In this report, we examine in detail the contrast between fragment measurements at large acceptance and small acceptance. We use output from the PHITS Monte Carlo code to test our assumptions using as an example Ar-40 data (and simulated data) at a beam energy of 650 MeV/nucleon. We also present preliminary analysis in which isotopic resolution was attained for beryllium fragments produced by beams of B-10 and B-11. Future work on the experimental data set will focus on extracting and interpreting production cross sections for light fragments. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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