| 1. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 2. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(author)
-
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(author)
-
Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
-
In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 11. |
- Taddei, C, et al.
(author)
-
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- 2020
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 582:7810, s. 73-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Andersson, Lise-Lotte, et al.
(author)
-
Identification of Excited States in 61Ga: Mirror Nuclei in the Upper fp Shell
- 2005
-
In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 71:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the fusion-evaporation reaction Ca-40+Mg-24 at 104 MeV beam energy, excited states have been observed for the first time in the isotope Ga-31(61)30. The experimental setup comprised the Ge array CLARION, a recoil mass spectrometer and, in its focal plane, an ionization chamber. Five transitions in Ga-61 are identified, out of which a cascade of three transitions has been established by means of recoil-gammagamma coincidences. The strong transitions at 271 keV in Ga-61 and 124 keV in Zn-61 are viewed as the "mirror" 5/2(-)-->3/2(-) ground-state transitions. The rather large energy difference of 150 keV is suggested to arise from Coulomb monopole contributions. Shell-model calculations support this interpretation.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Barnes, DR, et al.
(author)
-
Breast and Prostate Cancer Risks for Male BRCA1 and BRCA2 Pathogenic Variant Carriers Using Polygenic Risk Scores
- 2022
-
In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 114:1, s. 109-122
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundRecent population-based female breast cancer and prostate cancer polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been developed. We assessed the associations of these PRS with breast and prostate cancer risks for male BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers.Methods483 BRCA1 and 1318 BRCA2 European ancestry male carriers were available from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). A 147-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) prostate cancer PRS (PRSPC) and a 313-SNP breast cancer PRS were evaluated. There were 3 versions of the breast cancer PRS, optimized to predict overall (PRSBC), estrogen receptor (ER)–negative (PRSER-), or ER-positive (PRSER+) breast cancer risk.ResultsPRSER+ yielded the strongest association with breast cancer risk. The odds ratios (ORs) per PRSER+ standard deviation estimates were 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.07 to 1.83) for BRCA1 and 1.33 (95% CI = 1.16 to 1.52) for BRCA2 carriers. PRSPC was associated with prostate cancer risk for BRCA1 (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.28 to 2.33) and BRCA2 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.91) carriers. The estimated breast cancer odds ratios were larger after adjusting for female relative breast cancer family history. By age 85 years, for BRCA2 carriers, the breast cancer risk varied from 7.7% to 18.4% and prostate cancer risk from 34.1% to 87.6% between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the PRS distributions.ConclusionsPopulation-based prostate and female breast cancer PRS are associated with a wide range of absolute breast and prostate cancer risks for male BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. These findings warrant further investigation aimed at providing personalized cancer risks for male carriers and informing clinical management.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- CRISTANCHO, F, et al.
(author)
-
MULTIPLE SUPERDEFORMED BANDS IN SR-81
- 1995
-
In: Physics Letters B. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 357:3, s. 281-286
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Four superdeformed bands extending over five to twelve transitions have been identified in Sr-81 from a study With the Gammasphere array and the Microball charged-particle array, One of the bands shows an upbend in the dynamic moment of inertia at a rotational frequency of 1.2 MeV and all bands exhibit a nearly constant moment of inertia below that frequency.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- JIN, HQ, et al.
(author)
-
IDENTIFICATION AND QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT MEASUREMENT OF A SUPERDEFORMED BAND IN ZR-84
- 1995
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 75:8, s. 1471-1474
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-spin states in Zr-84 were studied using the early implementation phase of the Gammasphere array and the ''Microball'' charged-particle detector system. A cascade of nine gamma rays with a dynamic moment of inertia which is characteristic of superdeformed rotational bands in the A = 80 region has been identified and assigned to Zr-84. The measured transition quadrupole moment of the band corresponds to a prolate quadrupole deformation of beta(2) = 0.53 and confirms the superdeformed nature of this band. This is the first direct experimental confirmation of the existence of the predicted superdeformed shell gap at N similar or equal to 44 particle number.
|
|
| 27. |
- LAFOSSE, DR, et al.
(author)
-
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FIRST SUPERDEFORMED BAND IN THE A-APPROXIMATE-TO-80 REGION
- 1995
-
In: Physics Letters B. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 354:1-2, s. 34-40
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The recently discovered superdeformed band in one of the strontium isotopes has been identified as belonging to Sr-83 from a study with the Gammasphere array and the Microball charged-particle detector system. From its decay pattern, a spin of (81 +/- 2)/2 ($) over bar h is deduced for the highest level of this band. Evidence for very fast transition rates and agreement of the characteristics of this band with the theoretical predictions establish the yrast superdeformed nature of this band in Sr-83.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Pavan, J, et al.
(author)
-
Lifetime measurements and terminating structures in Nb-87
- 2003
-
In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 67:3: 034316
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two experiments have been performed using the Ni-58(S-32,3p) reaction at 135 MeV with Gammasphere and the Microball to study the high-spin structure of the transitional nucleus Nb-87. The first experiment using a thin target provided a considerable extension and refinement of the level scheme, as well as firm spin assignments from directional correlation of oriented nuclei. Sub-picosecond lifetimes were measured in the second backed-target experiment using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The lifetimes imply a rather modest average deformation of beta(2)similar to0.1, but with considerable variation from state to state. Strong alternations were observed in the B(M1) strengths of transitions between some pairs of bands. The experimental results were compared with calculations performed within the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky approach. The calculations generally reproduce the irregularities in the structure of the yrast lines and plunging transition quadrupole moments Q(t) within the bands explaining them as reflections of configuration changes and an approach of band termination, respectively.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
