| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(author)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Schael, S., et al.
(author)
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Electroweak measurements in electron positron collisions at W-boson-pair energies at LEP
- 2013
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 532:4, s. 119-244
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the electron positron collider LEP at CERN from 1995 to 2000 are reported. The combined data set considered in this report corresponds to a total luminosity of about 3 fb(-1) collected by the four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, 13 and OPAL, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130 GeV to 209 GeV. Combining the published results of the four LEP experiments, the measurements include total and differential cross-sections in photon-pair, fermion-pair and four-fermion production, the latter resulting from both double-resonant WW and ZZ production as well as singly resonant production. Total and differential cross-sections are measured precisely, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model at centre-of-mass energies never explored before in electron positron collisions. Final-state interaction effects in four-fermion production, such as those arising from colour reconnection and Bose Einstein correlations between the two W decay systems arising in WW production, are searched for and upper limits on the strength of possible effects are obtained. The data are used to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory. Among others, the mass and width of the W boson, m(w) and Gamma(w), the branching fraction of W decays to hadrons, B(W -> had), and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings g(1)(Z), K-gamma and lambda(gamma), are determined to be: m(w) = 80.376 +/- 0.033 GeV Gamma(w) = 2.195 +/- 0.083 GeV B(W -> had) = 67.41 +/- 0.27% g(1)(Z) = 0.984(-0.020)(+0.018) K-gamma - 0.982 +/- 0.042 lambda(gamma) = 0.022 +/- 0.019. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Li-San, et al.
(author)
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Rarity of the Alzheimer Disease-Protective APP A673T Variant in the United States.
- 2015
-
In: JAMA neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6157 .- 2168-6149. ; 72:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently, a rare variant in the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) was described in a population from Iceland. This variant, in which alanine is replaced by threonine at position 673 (A673T), appears to protect against late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). We evaluated the frequency of this variant in AD cases and cognitively normal controls to determine whether this variant will significantly contribute to risk assessment in individuals in the United States.
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| 4. |
- Gong, J., et al.
(author)
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Sex differences in dementia risk and risk factors: Individual-participant data analysis using 21 cohorts across six continents from the COSMIC consortium
- 2023
-
In: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:8, s. 3365-3378
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionSex differences in dementia risk, and risk factor (RF) associations with dementia, remain uncertain across diverse ethno-regional groups. MethodsA total of 29,850 participants (58% women) from 21 cohorts across six continents were included in an individual participant data meta-analysis. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs), and women-to-men ratio of hazard ratios (RHRs) for associations between RFs and all-cause dementia were derived from mixed-effect Cox models. ResultsIncident dementia occurred in 2089 (66% women) participants over 4.6 years (median). Women had higher dementia risk (HR, 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]) than men, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income economies. Associations between longer education and former alcohol use with dementia risk (RHR, 1.01 [1.00, 1.03] per year, and 0.55 [0.38, 0.79], respectively) were stronger for men than women; otherwise, there were no discernible sex differences in other RFs. DiscussionDementia risk was higher in women than men, with possible variations by country-level income settings, but most RFs appear to work similarly in women and men.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Mahalingam, G., et al.
(author)
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Social connections and risk of incident mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in 13 longitudinal cohort studies of ageing
- 2023
-
In: Alzheimers & Dementia. - 1552-5260. ; 19:11, s. 5114-5128
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionPrevious meta-analyses have linked social connections and mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality. However, these used aggregate data from North America and Europe and examined a limited number of social connection markers. MethodsWe used individual participant data (N = 39271, M-age = 70.67 (40-102), 58.86% female, M-education = 8.43 years, Mfollow-up = 3.22 years) from 13 longitudinal ageing studies. A two-stage meta-analysis of Cox regression models examined the association between social connection markers with our primary outcomes. ResultsWe found associations between good social connections structure and quality and lower risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI); between social structure and function and lower risk of incident dementia and mortality. Only in Asian cohorts, being married/in a relationship was associated with reduced risk of dementia, and having a confidante was associated with reduced risk of dementia and mortality. DiscussionDifferent aspects of social connections - structure, function, and quality - are associated with benefits for healthy aging internationally. HighlightsSocial connection structure (being married/in a relationship, weekly community group engagement, weekly family/friend interactions) and quality (never lonely) were associated with lower risk of incident MCI.Social connection structure (monthly/weekly friend/family interactions) and function (having a confidante) were associated with lower risk of incident dementia.Social connection structure (living with others, yearly/monthly/weekly community group engagement) and function (having a confidante) were associated with lower risk of mortality.Evidence from 13 longitudinal cohort studies of ageing indicates that social connections are important targets for reducing risk of incident MCI, incident dementia, and mortality.Only in Asian cohorts, being married/in a relationship was associated with reduced risk of dementia, and having a confidante was associated with reduced risk of dementia and mortality.
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| 8. |
- Peters, Ruth, et al.
(author)
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An investigation of antihypertensive class, dementia, and cognitive decline: A meta-analysis.
- 2020
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In: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 94:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High blood pressure is one of the main modifiable risk factors for dementia. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the best antihypertensive class for optimizing cognition. Our objective was to determine whether any particular antihypertensive class was associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline or dementia using comprehensive meta-analysis including reanalysis of original participant data.To identify suitable studies, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO and preexisting study consortia were searched from inception to December 2017. Authors of prospective longitudinal human studies or trials of antihypertensives were contacted for data sharing and collaboration. Outcome measures were incident dementia or incident cognitive decline (classified using the reliable change index method). Data were separated into mid and late-life (>65 years) and each antihypertensive class was compared to no treatment and to treatment with other antihypertensives. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize data.Over 50,000 participants from 27 studies were included. Among those aged >65 years, with the exception of diuretics, we found no relationship by class with incident cognitive decline or dementia. Diuretic use was suggestive of benefit in some analyses but results were not consistent across follow-up time, comparator group, and outcome. Limited data precluded meaningful analyses in those ≤65 years of age.Our findings, drawn from the current evidence base, support clinical freedom in the selection of antihypertensive regimens to achieve blood pressure goals.The review was registered with the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42016045454.
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| 9. |
- Samtani, S., et al.
(author)
-
Associations between social connections and cognition: a global collaborative individual participant data meta-analysis
- 2022
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In: The Lancet Healthy Longevity. - 2666-7568. ; 3:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Poor social connections (eg, small networks, infrequent interactions, and loneliness) are modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline. Existing meta-analyses are limited by reporting aggregate responses, a focus on global cognition, and combining social measures into single constructs. We aimed to investigate the association between social connection markers and the rate of annual change in cognition (ie, global and domain-specific), as well as sex differences, using an individual participant data meta-analysis. Methods: We harmonised data from 13 longitudinal cohort studies of ageing in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they had baseline data for social connection markers and at least two waves of cognitive scores. Follow-up periods ranged from 0 years to 15 years across cohorts. We included participants with cognitive data for at least two waves and social connection data for at least one wave. We then identified and excluded people with dementia at baseline. Primary outcomes were annual rates of change in global cognition and cognitive domain scores over time until final follow-up within each cohort study analysed by use of an individual participant data meta-analysis. Linear mixed models within cohorts used baseline social connection markers as predictors of the primary outcomes. Effects were pooled in two stages using random-effects meta-analyses. We assessed the primary outcomes in the main (partially adjusted) and fully adjusted models. Partially adjusted models controlled for age, sex, and education; fully adjusted models additionally controlled for diabetes, hypertension, smoking, cardiovascular risk, and depression. Findings: Of the 40 006 participants in the 13 cohort studies, we excluded 1392 people with dementia at baseline. 38 614 individual participants were included in our analyses. For the main models, being in a relationship or married predicted slower global cognitive decline (b=0·010, 95% CI 0·000–0·019) than did being single or never married; living with others predicted slower global cognitive (b=0·007, 0·002–0·012), memory (b=0·017, 0·006–0·028), and language (b=0·008, 0·000–0·015) decline than did living alone; and weekly interactions with family and friends (b=0·016, 0·006–0·026) and weekly community group engagement (b=0·030, 0·007–0·052) predicted slower memory decline than did no interactions and no engagement. Never feeling lonely predicted slower global cognitive (b=0·047, 95% CI 0·018–0·075) and executive function (b=0·047, 0·017–0·077) decline than did often feeling lonely. Degree of social support, having a confidante, and relationship satisfaction did not predict cognitive decline across global cognition or cognitive domains. Heterogeneity was low (I2=0·00–15·11%) for all but two of the significant findings (association between slower memory decline and living with others [I2=58·33%] and community group engagement, I2=37·54–72·19%), suggesting robust results across studies. Interpretation: Good social connections (ie, living with others, weekly community group engagement, interacting weekly with family and friends, and never feeling lonely) are associated with slower cognitive decline.
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| 10. |
- Bellaver, B., et al.
(author)
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Astrocyte reactivity influences amyloid-beta effects on tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
- 2023
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In: Nature Medicine. - 1078-8956. ; 29:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer's disease reveal that tau tangles accumulate as a function of amyloid-beta burden only in individuals positive for an astrocyte reactivity biomarker. An unresolved question for the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is why a significant percentage of amyloid-beta (A beta)-positive cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals do not develop detectable downstream tau pathology and, consequently, clinical deterioration. In vitro evidence suggests that reactive astrocytes unleash A beta effects in pathological tau phosphorylation. Here, in a biomarker study across three cohorts (n = 1,016), we tested whether astrocyte reactivity modulates the association of A beta with tau phosphorylation in CU individuals. We found that A beta was associated with increased plasma phosphorylated tau only in individuals positive for astrocyte reactivity (Ast(+)). Cross-sectional and longitudinal tau-positron emission tomography analyses revealed an AD-like pattern of tau tangle accumulation as a function of A beta only in CU Ast(+) individuals. Our findings suggest astrocyte reactivity as an important upstream event linking A beta with initial tau pathology, which may have implications for the biological definition of preclinical AD and for selecting CU individuals for clinical trials.
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| 11. |
- Ganguli, M., et al.
(author)
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Population Neuroscience: Dementia Epidemiology Serving Precision Medicine and Population Health
- 2018
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In: Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. - 0893-0341. ; 32:1, s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over recent decades, epidemiology has made significant contributions to our understanding of dementia, translating scientific discoveries into population health. Here, we propose reframing dementia epidemiology as "population neuroscience," blending techniques and models from contemporary neuroscience with those of epidemiology and biostatistics. On the basis of emerging evidence and newer paradigms and methods, population neuroscience will minimize the bias typical of traditional clinical research, identify the relatively homogenous subgroups that comprise the general population, and investigate broader and denser phenotypes of dementia and cognitive impairment. Long-term follow-up of sufficiently large study cohorts will allow the identification of cohort effects and critical windows of exposure. Molecular epidemiology and omics will allow us to unravel the key distinctions within and among subgroups and better understand individuals' risk profiles. Interventional epidemiology will allow us to identify the different subgroups that respond to different treatment/prevention strategies. These strategies will inform precision medicine. In addition, insights into interactions between disease biology, personal and environmental factors, and social determinants of health will allow us to measure and track disease in communities and improve population health. By placing neuroscience within a real-world context, population neuroscience can fulfill its potential to serve both precision medicine and population health. © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Chatterjee, M., et al.
(author)
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Thermal barrier coatings from sol-gel-derived spray-grade Y2O3-ZrO2 microspheres
- 1993
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In: Journal of Materials Science. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. ; 28:10, s. 2803-2807
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the development of ceramic thermal barrier coatings, spray-grade yttria-stabilized zirconia microspheres were prepared by the sol-gel technique. Oxide microspheres were obtained by calcination of the corresponding gel spheres at 1000 °C. Scanning electron microscopic and optical microscopic observations revealed the material thus obtained to have a predominantly spherical morphology and the requisite size distribution (5-50 μm). The dense, calcined microspheres showed good flowability. X-ray diffraction studies indicated the presence of the tetragonal polymorph of ZrO2 as the major phase, in addition to about 14% monoclinic ZrO2. The plasma-sprayed YSZ coatings made from the sol-gel-derived microspheres showed a further decrease in the monoclinic ZrO2 content (6%). The coatings survived 40-50 thermal cycles (30 min at 1200 °C followed by a water quench), indicating good thermal shock resistance. © 1993 Chapman & Hall.
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| 13. |
- Ferreira, P. C. L., et al.
(author)
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Plasma biomarkers identify older adults at risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in a real-world population-based cohort
- 2023
-
In: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:10, s. 4507-4519
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionPlasma biomarkers-cost effective, non-invasive indicators of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders (ADRD)-have largely been studied in clinical research settings. Here, we examined plasma biomarker profiles and their associated factors in a population-based cohort to determine whether they could identify an at-risk group, independently of brain and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. MethodsWe measured plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and amyloid beta (A beta)42/40 ratio in 847 participants from a population-based cohort in southwestern Pennsylvania. ResultsK-medoids clustering identified two distinct plasma A beta 42/40 modes, further categorizable into three biomarker profile groups: normal, uncertain, and abnormal. In different groups, plasma p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP were inversely correlated with A beta 42/40, Clinical Dementia Rating, and memory composite score, with the strongest associations in the abnormal group. DiscussionAbnormal plasma A beta 42/40 ratio identified older adult groups with lower memory scores, higher dementia risks, and higher ADRD biomarker levels, with potential implications for population screening. HighlightsPopulation-based plasma biomarker studies are lacking, particularly in cohorts without cerebrospinal fluid or neuroimaging data.In the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team study (n = 847), plasma biomarkers associated with worse memory and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), apolipoprotein E epsilon 4, and greater age.Plasma amyloid beta (A beta)42/40 ratio levels allowed clustering participants into abnormal, uncertain, and normal groups.Plasma A beta 42/40 correlated differently with neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylated tau181, memory composite, and CDR in each group.Plasma biomarkers can enable relatively affordable and non-invasive community screening for evidence of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders pathophysiology.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gonzalez-Ortiz, Fernando, et al.
(author)
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A novel ultrasensitive assay for plasma p-tau217: Performance in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and early Alzheimer's disease.
- 2024
-
In: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - 1552-5279. ; 20:2, s. 1239-1249
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology among individuals with mild cognitive changesand those experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) remains challenging. Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) is one of the most promising of the emerging biomarkers for AD. However, accessible methods are limited.We employed a novel p-tau217 immunoassay (University of Gothenburg [UGOT] p-tau217) in four independent cohorts (n=308) including a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-classified cohort (Discovery), two cohorts consisting mostly of cognitively unimpaired (CU) and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) participants (MYHAT and Pittsburgh), and a population-based cohort of individuals with SCD (Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center's Alzheimer's At-Risk Cohort [β-AARC]).UGOT p-tau217 showed high accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.80-0.91) identifying amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, determined either by Aβ positron emission tomography or CSF Aβ42/40 ratio. In individuals experiencing SCD, UGOT p-tau217 showed high accuracy identifying those with a positive CSF Aβ42/40 ratio (AUC=0.91).UGOT p-tau217 can be an easily accessible and efficient way to screen and monitor patients with suspected AD pathophysiology, even in the early stages of the continuum.
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| 17. |
- Gonzalez-Ortiz, Fernando, et al.
(author)
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A novel ultrasensitive assay for plasma p-tau217: performance in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and early Alzheimer's disease.
- 2023
-
In: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology among cognitively unimpaired individuals and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) remains challenging. Plasma p-tau217 is one of the most promising of the emerging biomarkers for AD. However, accessible methods are limited.We employed a novel p-tau217 immunoassay (UGOT p-tau217) in four independent cohorts (n=308) including a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker-classified cohort (Discovery), two cohorts consisting mostly of cognitively unimpaired participants (MYHAT and Pittsburgh), and a population-based cohort of individuals with SCD (β-AARC).UGOT p-tau217 showed high accuracy (AUC= 0.80-0.91) identifying Aβ pathology, determined either by Aβ positron emission tomography or CSF Aβ42/40 ratio. In individuals experiencing SCD, UGOT p-tau217 showed high accuracy identifying those with a positive CSF Aβ42/40 ratio (AUC= 0.91).UGOT p-tau217 can be an easily accessible and efficient way to screen and monitor patients with suspected AD pathophysiology, even in the early stages of the continuum.
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| 18. |
- Joshi, S. V., et al.
(author)
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Plasma spraying of an indigenous yttria stabilized zirconia powder prepared by the sol-gel technique
- 1993
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In: Bulletin of Materials Science. - : Springer India. ; 16:1, s. 19-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An indigenous sol-gel derived yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) powder has been characterized and its suitability for plasma spraying applications evaluated. The powder, determined to have about 5·1% yttria content, predominantly consisted of spherical particles with an average equivalent particle diameter close to 25 μm. Furthermore, it was found that the powder did not contain any particles >50 μm, which is considered the ideal upper size limit for spray-grade ceramic powders in order to ensure complete melting during spraying. The sol-gel produced powder exhibited good flow characteristics and the plasma sprayed coatings developed using this powder were also found to have excellent thermal shock resistance. The corresponding results obtained using an imported Y-PSZ powder are also presented for the purpose of comparison. © 1993 Indian Academy of Sciences.
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| 19. |
- Kumar, S., et al.
(author)
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Dominant {100} facet selectivity for enhanced photocatalytic activity of NaNbO3 in NaNbO3/CdS core/shell heterostructures
- 2017
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In: Catalysis Science and Technology. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2044-4753 .- 2044-4761. ; 7:2, s. 481-495
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Design and engineering of crystalline advanced photocatalysts with specific facets is one of the most challenging tasks to enhance the photocatalytic performance. The surface energy of different facets is different in a crystal which leads to a corresponding change in their photocatalytic behaviour. The present study provides an experimental as well as theoretical understanding of the role of different facets of NaNbO3 in cubic and orthorhombic phases with crystals showing cubic and cuboctahedron morphologies in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of NaNbO3/CdS core/shell heterostructures. Herein, we discuss the importance of the approach of facet-selective synthesis and trace the origin of enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and photocatalytic dye degradation activity for calculated surface energies of the {100} family of facets of the cubic phase and the (110) and (114) facets of the orthorhombic phase of NaNbO3. We propose that different mechanisms contribute to the enhancement of catalytic activity in these two phases. In the prepared core/shell heterostructures containing NaNbO3 as the core material, the presence of highly reactive facets of the cubic phase contributes to higher photocatalytic activity as compared to the orthorhombic phase which has a spatial charge separation assisted inter-facet charge transfer mechanism.
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| 20. |
- Natarajan Arul, Murugan, et al.
(author)
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How crucial are finite temperature and solvent effects on structure and absorption spectra of Si10?
- 2012
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 116:50, s. 26618-26624
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have investigated finite temperature and solvent effects on the structure, and optical absorption properties of the Si10 cluster, as a model for functionalized clusters used in biomedical applications. Among the many isomers possible for Si10 clusters we have studied tetracapped trigonal prism (TCTP) with C3v symmetry, which previously has been reported to be the global minimum structure, using the Car-Parrinello hybrid QM/MM technique. We observe that Si10 remains to be in the TCTP structure in the gas phase, while in solvents we see dominant population of a distorted TCTP conformer which has a similar structure like TCTP except for one of the surface atoms changing its face center position to the edge. We find that there is frequent conformational transitions between these two structures. In the presence of solvents, the interatomic distances are lowered significantly compared to the case of gas phase. While solvent effects appear not to be very significant for the prediction of the excitation energy in the silicon cluster, we find that temperature effects have a substantial influence on its structure and optical properties.
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| 21. |
- Skokauskas, Norbert, et al.
(author)
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The cost of child and adolescent mental health services
- 2018
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In: Lancet psychiatry. - 2215-0374 .- 2215-0366. ; 5, s. 299-300
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- More than 2·5 billion children and adolescents exist worldwide, with most individuals living in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).1 For these children and adolescents, mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders remain one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease and years lived with disability.2 Although the importance of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) has been widely acknowledged by organisations such as the UN,3 the development of an inclusive cross-sectorial mental health system for children and adolescents has not gained adequate traction.
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| 22. |
- Van Asbroeck, Stephanie, et al.
(author)
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Lifestyle and incident dementia: A COSMIC individual participant data meta-analysis
- 2024
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In: ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 20:6, s. 3972-3986
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTIONThe LIfestyle for BRAin Health (LIBRA) index yields a dementia risk score based on modifiable lifestyle factors and is validated in Western samples. We investigated whether the association between LIBRA scores and incident dementia is moderated by geographical location or sociodemographic characteristics. METHODSWe combined data from 21 prospective cohorts across six continents (N = 31,680) and conducted cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard regression analyses in a two-step individual participant data meta-analysis. RESULTSA one-standard-deviation increase in LIBRA score was associated with a 21% higher risk for dementia. The association was stronger for Asian cohorts compared to European cohorts, and for individuals aged <= 75 years (vs older), though only within the first 5 years of follow-up. No interactions with sex, education, or socioeconomic position were observed. DISCUSSIONModifiable risk and protective factors appear relevant for dementia risk reduction across diverse geographical and sociodemographic groups. Highlights A two-step individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted. This was done at a global scale using data from 21 ethno-regionally diverse cohorts. The association between a modifiable dementia risk score and dementia was examined. The association was modified by geographical region and age at baseline. Yet, modifiable dementia risk and protective factors appear relevant in all investigated groups and regions.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Zhang, Yu, et al.
(author)
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Generation of intense phase-stable femtosecond hard X-ray pulse pairs
- 2022
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 119:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coherent nonlinear spectroscopies and imaging in the X-ray domain provide direct insight into the coupled motions of electrons and nuclei with resolution on the electronic length scale and timescale. The experimental realization of such techniques will strongly benefit from access to intense, coherent pairs of femtosecond X-ray pulses. We have observed phase-stable X-ray pulse pairs containing more than 3 × 107 photons at 5.9 keV (2.1 Å) with ∼1 fs duration and 2 to 5 fs separation. The highly directional pulse pairs are manifested by interference fringes in the superfluorescent and seeded stimulated manganese Kα emission induced by an X-ray free-electron laser. The fringes constitute the time-frequency X-ray analog of Young’s double-slit interference, allowing for frequency domain X-ray measurements with attosecond time resolution.
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