| 1. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(author)
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The effect of low-frequency road noise on driver sleepiness and performance
- 2015
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this moving base driving simulator study with 19 drivers participating in a random order day and night time, was to evaluate the effect of low-frequency road noise on driver sleepiness and performance, including both long-term and short-term effects.It is a well-known fact today that driver sleepiness is a contributory factor in crashes. Factors considered as sleepiness contributor are mostly related to time of the day, hours being awake and hours slept. Factors contributing to active and passive fatigue are mostly focusing on the level of cognitive load. Less is known what role external factors, e.g. type of road, sound/noise, vibrations etc., have on the ability to stay awake both under conditions of sleepiness and under active or passive fatigue.The results support to some extent the hypothesis that road-induced interior vehicle sound affects driving performance and driver sleepiness. Increased low-frequency noise helps to reduce speed during both day- and night time driving, but also contributes to increase the number of lane crossings during night time.
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Anna K., 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Åkkvalitet på vinterväg
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna VTI-studie konstaterar att det går att mäta ojämnheter på vinterväg på samma sätt som på barmarksväg. Både ojämnheter och buller vid låga frekvenser ökar vid visst vinterväglag och är kopplade till hastighet. De mätningar som utförts inom projektets ramar visar att det går utmärkt att utföra mätningar på en snöklädd yta. Med vinterväglag menas här en snöklädd väg cirka ett dygn efter ett kraftigt snöfall. Baserat på de vägar som mättes visar studien att ojämnheter i våglängdsintervallet 0,05 till 1 meter påverkas allra mest av vinterväglaget. Ojämnheterna ökar cirka 5 gånger i medeltal för hela testslingan från barmarks- till vinterförhållanden. Det går även att se att ytans struktur, som beskrivs av de kortaste våglängderna som undersöktes, <10 mm, blir slätare på den snöklädda ytan vilket var en av hypoteserna och som indikerar att mätningen är pålitlig. Kopplingen mellan buller och ojämnheter är relaterade till hastighet. Den största ljudskillnaden mellan vinter- och sommarväg var vid låga frekvenser. Det uppfattade ljudet i bilen var då mellan 3 och 6 decibel högre för körningen på vinterväg. I de mer högfrekventa områdena var skillnaden i ljudnivå tvärtom, lägre för vintervägen än för sommarvägen och en trolig orsak till detta kan vara att ljudet absorberas av snön.
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| 3. |
- Dahlin, Sara, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Investigating lead time, cost and patient pathways of breast cancer care: a comparative study of four hospitals in Sweden
- 2016
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In: International Forum on Quality and Safety in Healthcare, April 2016.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction:This paper aims to provide support for quality improvement in breast cancer care in Sweden. Using qualityregister data from 2009-2012 with approximately 2630 patients in four hospitals, we would like to answerthree questions: (1) Is there a hospital which has the shortest lead time and/or lowest cost thus serving as arole model? (2) Is there a typical way of working, in terms of patient pathways, that leads to shorter lead timeand/or lower cost? (3) Does shorter lead time imply lower cost? The results of this research will be useful forinter-organizational learning among the hospitals for creating better breast cancer care.Methods:Descriptive statistics is used to analyze the lead times to surgery and subsequent treatments (radiation andchemotherapy) and cost per patient for each hospital. Process mining using ProM software is used forunderstanding patients’ pathways. For all hospitals, the lead time and cost are categorized into three groups,namely, short or low, moderate, and long or high. The grouping uses discretization technique in such a way thatthe low-cost or short-lead time class corresponds to set goals and the moderate group will be the majority ofthe cases. The analysis is carried out within and across hospitals. The relationship between low/high cost care,short/long lead time and patient pathways are investigated visually and cross-checked with the practitioners.Results: Results show that lead times often exceed set goals and this is especially true for time betweensurgery and radiation. Two hospitals seem to achieve a better result here, and one of these hospital alsoappear to stand out positively from the other three hospitals in terms of lead time from diagnosis to surgery.The two hospitals above also have a larger percentage of low-cost patients than the other two hospitals.Pathway mapping revealed differences in the use of personnel resources among the hospitals. Generally, thereseems to be a relationship between the unique pathways and the cost. Across hospitals, the low cost group hasa lot less unique pathways. This can imply that the deviation from the common clinical pathway may lead tohigher cost.Discussion: This work shows how quality register data can provide useful information for improving breastcancer care. Based on the evidence, areas of improvement can be mapped for each hospital and how they canlearn from each other. This work provides a starting point for a more directed investigation into understandingpatient clinical pathways and towards explaining why some care costs a lot more than the others or why somepatients have to wait for such a long time.Declaration of competing interestsWe gratefully thank Regional Cancer Centre West for the funding of this research.
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| 4. |
- Genell, Anders, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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A synthesized road traffic noise scenario for health impact assessment
- 2023
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In: Proceedings of the 10<sup>th </sup>Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023. - : European Acoustics Association (EAA). - 9788888942674 ; , s. 2077-2081
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Within the Horizon 2020 project LEON-T (Low particle Emissions and lOw Noise Tyres), one of the aims is to investigate the effect on cardiovascular health from the effect on sleep of noise from heavy vehicle (EU class N2 and N3) tyres. Effects of noise on sleep are investigated by performing sleep experiments in a controlled lab environment where participants sleep several nights subjected to different traffic noise scenarios. The traffic noise scenarios have been constructed using synthesized tyre noise allowing for variation in parameters such as tyre tread pattern design, tyre air cavity resonance, traffic flow properties and distance between traffic noise source and receiver. The synthesized scenarios have been designed in close cooperation with experts on health effects from noise in order to expose the participants to such stimuli that provide relevant and valid responses. For the initial sleep experiment properties such as high or low traffc flow, individual vehicle noise level and level of perceptually salient tonal components in the synthesized tyre sound are investigated. This paper describes the synthesized vehicle sounds and the traffic noise scenario design process for the scenario used in the first sleep experiment.
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| 5. |
- Genell, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Model selection in Medical Research: A simulation study comparing Bayesian Model Averaging and Stepwise Regression.
- 2010
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In: BMC medical research methodology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2288. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Automatic variable selection methods are usually discouraged in medical research although we believe they might be valuable for studies where subject matter knowledge is limited. Bayesian model averaging may be useful for model selection but only limited attempts to compare it to stepwise regression have been published. We therefore performed a simulation study to compare stepwise regression with Bayesian model averaging. Methods We simulated data corresponding to five different data generating processes and thirty different values of the effect size (the parameter estimate divided by its standard error). Each data generating process contained twenty explanatory variables in total and had between zero and two true predictors. Three data generating processes were built of uncorrelated predictor variables while two had a mixture of correlated and uncorrelated variables. We fitted linear regression models to the simulated data. We used Bayesian model averaging and stepwise regression respectively as model selection procedures and compared the estimated selection probabilities. Results The estimated probability of not selecting a redundant variable was between 0.99 and 1 for Bayesian model averaging while approximately 0.95 for stepwise regression when the redundant variable was not correlated with a true predictor. These probabilities did not depend on the effect size of the true predictor. In the case of correlation between a redundant variable and a true predictor, the probability of not selecting a redundant variable was 0.95 to 1 for Bayesian model averaging while for stepwise regression it was between 0.7 and 0.9, depending on the effect size of the true predictor. The probability of selecting a true predictor increased as the effect size of the true predictor increased and leveled out at between 0.9 and 1 for stepwise regression, while it leveled out at 1 for Bayesian model averaging. Conclusions Our simulation study showed that under the given conditions, Bayesian model averaging had a higher probability of not selecting a redundant variable than stepwise regression and had a similar probability of selecting a true predictor. Medical researchers building regression models with limited subject matter knowledge could thus benefit from using Bayesian model averaging.
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| 6. |
- Genell, Anders, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Ship noise in coastal regions : final report of the SHIPNOISE project
- 2024
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ships carry cargo and passengers around our planet. In coastal regions, complaints about ship noise have been raised from nearby residents. Ships are also the dominant source of continuous underwater noise in the seas. In the SHIPNOISE project, we investigate levels of ship noise in coastal regions using a custom measurement station for both airborne and underwater noise from ships underway. The measurement station is developed using embedded microprocessors for low power consumption. The station is deployed at Böttö at the inlet to Gothenburg harbor, and then at Lurö in Lake Vänern.These sites are close to shipping lanes of different traffic intensity. The measured airborne noise levels indicate that there is a risk to exceed recommended indoor low-frequency noise limits for dwellings positioned up to several hundred meters from the passing ships, although the effect on public health is uncertain. The underwater noise recorded at 200-300 m range at the SHIPNOISE measurement locations during ship passages is strong enough to exceed levels for environmental impact previously demonstrated on local marine mammals, fish and possibly invertebrates. For example, harbor porpoises, herring and salmon are likely to avoid or escape the area when a loud ship passes.
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| 7. |
- Genell, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Ship noise in coastal regions - final report of the SHIPNOISE project
- 2024
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ships carry cargo and passengers around our planet. In coastal regions, complaintsabout ship noise have been raised from nearby residents. Ships are also thedominant source of continuous underwater noise in the seas.In the SHIPNOISEproject, we investigate levels of ship noise in coastal regions using a custommeasurement station for both airborne and underwater noise from shipsunderway. The measurement station is developed using embeddedmicroprocessors for low power consumption. The station is deployed at Böttö atthe inlet to Gothenburg harbor, and then at Lurö in Lake Vänern.These sites areclose to shipping lanes of different traffic intensity. The measured airborne noiselevels indicate that there is a risk to exceed recommended indoor low-frequencynoise limits for dwellings positioned up to several hundred meters from thepassing ships, although the effect on public health is uncertain.The underwaternoise recorded at 200-300 m range at the SHIPNOISE measurement locationsduring ship passages is strong enough to exceed levels for environmental impactpreviously demonstrated on local marine mammals, fish and possiblyinvertebrates. For example, harbor porpoises, herring and salmon are likely toavoid or escape the area when a loud ship passes.
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| 8. |
- Lahti, Eva, et al.
(author)
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SleepNoise
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It is well known that sleepiness is an important contributor to crashes. The drivers are influenced by circadian low, hours slept or being awake. There is also reason to believe that variations in interior road noise may be a contributing factor. Up to now the road noise models in simulators are not very mature and not validated.The aim of the technical part of the SleepNoise project was to develop the road noise model for the ViP simulation infrastructure, including individual vehicle types driving on individual road types. The goal was a sound model, close enough to the original real world setting as to be approved by vehicle noise experts. The resulting modelled interior sound spectrum should not deviate more than a few decibels from the corresponding recorded sound.
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| 9. |
- Nahi, Hareth, et al.
(author)
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Incidence, characteristics, and outcome of solitary plasmacytoma and plasma cell leukemia. Population-based data from the Swedish Myeloma Register
- 2017
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In: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 99:3, s. 216-222
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) and plasma cell leukemia (PCL) are uncommon (3-6%) types of plasma cell disease. The risk of progression to symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) is probably important for the outcome of SP. PCL is rare and has a dismal outcome. In this study, we report on incidence and survival in PCL/SP, and progression to MM in SP, using the prospective observational Swedish Multiple Myeloma Register designed to document all newly diagnosed plasma cell diseases in Sweden since 2008. Both solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) (n=124) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) (n=67) have better overall survival (OS) than MM (n=3549). Progression to MM was higher in SBP than in EMP (35% and 7% at 2 years, respectively), but this did not translate into better survival in EMP. In spite of treatment developments, the OS of primary PCL is still dismal (median of 11 months, 0% at 5 years). Hence, there is a great need for diagnostic and treatment guidelines as well as prospective studies addressing the role for alternative treatment options, such as allogeneic stem cell transplantation and monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of PCL.
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| 10. |
- Nemes, Szilard, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Bias in odds ratios by logistic regression modelling and sample size.
- 2009
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In: BMC medical research methodology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2288. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In epidemiological studies researchers use logistic regression as an analytical tool to study the association of a binary outcome to a set of possible exposures. Methods: Using a simulation study we illustrate how the analytically derived bias of odds ratios modelling in logistic regression varies as a function of the sample size. Results: Logistic regression overestimates odds ratios in studies with small to moderate samples size. The small sample size induced bias is a systematic one, bias away from null. Regression coefficient estimates shifts away from zero, odds ratios from one. Conclusion: If several small studies are pooled without consideration of the bias introduced by the inherent mathematical properties of the logistic regression model, researchers may be mislead to erroneous interpretation of the results.
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| 11. |
- Nygårdhs, Sara, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of the potential of speed-limiting geofencing : Effects on traffic safety, health, and the environment
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Geofencing can be used for governing connected vehicles, for instance in terms of speed or use of fuel, within a digital geographic zone. The overall aim of this project was to examine the potential of speed-limiting geofencing with respect to measurable effects on traffic safety, health, and the environment.The project consisted of a literature review, a test track study, and a traffic simulation study. The literature review aimed to examine studies on effects of geofencing and revealed that studies on speed-limiting geofencing are few. The test track study evaluated the effects of geofencing on a single vehicle. Two scenarios with a relevant application in the real world were chosen, i.e., speed-limiting in connection with a school and a hospital, respectively. Three different driving patterns were used, based on data from real traffic, and speed, pollutant emissions and noise were measured.The test track study showed that there is a potential for increased traffic safety in these types of traffic environments, especially for pedestrians and cyclists, without negative effects on the environment. The traffic simulation study aimed to estimate the effects of geofencing implemented on a larger scale by simulating a whole vehicle fleet, with various percentages of geofenced vehicles. The hospital scenario was chosen for traffic simulation, and it was concluded that a high percentage of vehicles with geofencing implemented is needed for most vehicles to respect the posted speed limit. In addition, the total effect of geofencing parts of a vehicle fleet might not be a decrease in emissions.The overall results from the project indicate that geofencing vehicle speed could lead to increased traffic safety without negative consequences for health in terms of pollutant emissions and noise. There is however a need to follow up the effects on a vehicle fleet in real traffic environments.
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| 12. |
- Paulsson, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Usefulness of current risk groups in the treatment of surgically staged endometrial carcinomas; a population-based study from Western Sweden.
- 2009
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In: Anticancer research. - 0250-7005. ; 29:5, s. 1585-90
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract and its incidence is increasing. However, treatment results have not improved during the last decades. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our regional quality register was used to evaluate treatment results for the period between January 1995 and December 2003. This study includes 2211 consecutive patients, of which 1993 surgically staged patients were evaluated in detail. Of these, 831 (53%) were at low risk and were given no further treatment after primary surgery. Patients with moderate- and high-risk tumors were postoperatively treated according to the respective protocols of one Swedish and one international study. Postoperative vaginal brachytherapy +/- external radiation was given to 486 (31%) patients at moderate risk, while 234 (15%) had high-risk disease and were randomized to external radiation + brachytherapy or external radiation + brachyterapy + chemotherapy. RESULTS: Overall cause-specific 5- and 10-year survival was 83.9% and 81.3%, respectively, for all included patients. The corresponding figures for surgically staged patients were 87.4% and 84.9%, respectively. One important observation was that there was no significant difference in survival between patients at low and moderate risk. CONCLUSION: The results strongly suggest that the risk groups used during this study period were not optimal. It is recommended to use smaller, better specified groups defined by more prognostic factors for enhanced individualization of treatment.
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| 13. |
- Robertson, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Hållbara turistresor inom Sverige : hinder och möjligheter för resor med tåg och buss
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie har varit att analysera förutsättningarna för att överföra resande från egen bil till främst allmänna kommunikationer såsom tåg och buss till, från och inom olika turistresmål i Sverige. Målet har varit att ta fram ett underlag för det fortsatta arbetet med att utveckla hållbara turistresor. Studien har omfattat en analys av möjligheter att resa med allmänna kommunikationer, restider och reskostnader, intervjuer av turister och andra aktörer och en åtgärdsanalys, samt utmynnar i ett översiktligt underlag för planering av hållbara turistresor. Möjligheterna att resa med allmänna kommunikationer, restider och reskostnader till, från och inom tre sommarresmål (Astrid Lindgrens värld, Glasriket, Öland) och två vinterresmål (Åre, Funäsdalen) har analyserats för tre olika turistkategorier (barnfamilj, par, fyra vuxna). Detta visade att det sammantaget är möjligt att resa till de studerade resmålen utan egen bil. Förutsättningarna för kollektiva alternativ skiljer sig dock kraftigt åt mellan de olika resmålen. När det gäller restider med tåg eller buss i jämförelse med att resa med egen bil är skillnaderna inte så stora för flertalet kombinationer av avreseorter och resmål. I några fall när avreseorten är en mindre ort och resmålet inte är beläget utmed en större järnväg kan en resa med tåg och/eller buss dock bli både lång och kräva många byten, och därmed knappast vara ett alternativ till resa med egen bil. Den totala reskostnaden för att resa med tåg eller buss är i så gott som alla fall någorlunda i nivå med egen bil men kan också vara betydlig högre. Reskostnaden med allmänna kommunikationer blir dessutom högre relativt resa med egen bil om fler reser tillsammans varför kostnaden kan ses som ett hinder. Resmöjligheterna inom de olika resmålen framstår som det största hindret för att fler ska välja att resa med allmänna kommunikationer till och från turistresmål, i synnerhet sommartid då resbehovet generellt sett dessutom är större. Möjligheterna att resa inom resmålen varierar kraftigt, men är bättre inom vinterresmålen. I Åre fungerar skidbussen till exempel bra för förflyttningar mellan de olika skidanläggningarna. Turisternas syn på att resa med allmänna kommunikationer är betydligt mer positiv avseende resor till vinterresmål än sommarresmål, vilket till stor del kan förklaras av det mindre resbehovet inom vinterresmålen. När det gäller barnfamiljer framkom åsikten att det är svårt att få småbarnsfamiljerna att resa med allmänna kommunikationer av flera olika skäl varav hantering av packning är en viktig fråga. Många anser också att det behöver bli lättare att hitta information om och att boka resor med allmänna kommunikationer. Paketresor lyftes fram som ett intressant alternativ. Många upplevde det som ett problem att söka information avseende resans olika komponenter såsom boende, resor, transfer, liftkort m.m. och skulle uppskatta en service där allt fanns samlat på ett ställe. Att det inte enkelt går att få en överblick över prisbilden både för resa och boende tycks också vara en försvårande faktor. Förslag framkom också om att ett sätt att locka till att resa med allmänna kommunikationer är att lyfta fram de mervärden som det innebär.
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| 14. |
- Smith, Frida, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating the implementation and use of the regional cancer plan in Western Sweden through concept mapping
- 2019
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In: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3677 .- 1353-4505. ; 31:7, s. G44-G52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quality problem or issue: Within healthcare, policy documents are often used to strategically standardize, streamline or change how general health issues are managed for a specific patient group or treatment. Despite significant effort in developing policy and strategic planning documents, these may not have the intended impact and their value has long been questioned by practitioners. Choice of solution: To identify barriers and affordances for the implementation and use of a strategic plan for cancer care in the Western Sweden Healthcare Region, we used Concept Mapping; a participatory mixed method approach to inquiry consisting of both qualitative and quantitative tasks intended to elicit and integrate the diverse perspectives of multiple stakeholders. Implementation: The study was carried out between April and October 2017 and consisted of several sequential data collection steps: idea generation, sorting and rating ideas for importance and feasibility. Stakeholders from different levels and professions in cancercare participated, but the number varied in the separate steps of data collection: idea generation (n = 112), sorting (n = 16) and rating (n = 38). Evaluation: A concept map visualized seven areas that stakeholders throughout the cancer-care process considered necessary to address in order to enable the implementation of the plan. Skills provision was considered the most important cluster but also rated as least feasible. A consistent theme emerged that information, or lack thereof, might be a barrier for the plan being put into action to a greater extent in the cancer-care units. Nine actionable ideas rated highly on both importance and feasibility were presented as a go-zone. Lessons learned: Our results suggest that efforts might be better spent on ensuring information about and accessibility to strategic documents throughout the organization, rather than frequently updating them or producing new ones. Having sufficient skills provision seems to be the prerequisite for successful implementation.
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| 15. |
- Smith, Frida, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the meaning, role and experiences of a patient-led social innovation for people affected by cancer: a new collaborative care model complementing traditional cancer rehabilitation in Sweden
- 2021
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In: BMJ open quality. - : BMJ. - 2399-6641. ; 10:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Kraftens Hus is the first support centre in Sweden designed by and for people affected by cancer, including patients, family, friends, staff members and local community representatives (collectively 'stakeholders'). The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning, role and experiences of Kraftens Hus stakeholders using a patient and public involved methodology. Methods To understand and map the experiences of visitors to Kraftens Hus, we applied concept mapping (CM), a mixed methods approach where data are collected and analysed in four structured steps designed to capture the diverse perspectives of multiple stakeholders. Qualitative interviews with relevant stakeholders supplemented the CM findings. Results The final concept map contained six clusters of ideas. Within the clusters, there was a recurring theme that cancer-affected people value accessible and long-term psychosocial support (PSS). The intended emotional, social and practical needs identified in a previous design process seem to have been addressed and appreciated by Kraftens Hus visitors. Conclusion Kraftens Hus is an example of a new patient-led social innovation based on a life-event perspective and integration of resources from different sectors in society. By focusing on life, not the disease, the care continuum expands, and long-term PSS is provided alongside cancer treatment. The evaluation confirms that PSS should focus on health and well-being in the broadest sense.
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| 16. |
- Wålinder, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Regional differences in treatment and outcome for myeloma patients in Sweden : A population based Swedish myeloma register study
- 2022
-
In: Cancer Reports. - : Wiley. - 2573-8348. ; 5:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We wanted to evaluate if health care for multiple myeloma (MM) patients is equal in different regions of Sweden. Aim: To study differences in survival for MM depending on health care region and early use of modern treatment. Methods and results: Data from the Swedish Myeloma Register from patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2017 was used. Cohorts were defined by the six healthcare regions (labeled A–F) in Sweden and modern initial treatment was defined as including certain drug combinations. To adjust for time to treatment bias, survival analyses were performed also for patients alive 6 months after diagnosis. In all treated MM patients (n = 5326), we observed a superior overall survival (OS) for region A compared to all other regions (p <.01 for all respectively). After adjusting for time to treatment there was also a superior survival in the region with highest use of modern initial treatment (region A) compared to the regions defined in the study as having intermediate and low use (p <.01 for both). In patients receiving autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) a superior survival was observed for region A compared to all regions besides region B. Similar results were seen when adjusting for a time to treatment bias. In patients not receiving ASCT, 75 years or older and adjusted for time to treatment bias, a difference was noted only between region A and E (log rank p =.04, HR 1.2, CI 1.00–1.44, p =.06). In multivariate analyses including age, international staging system stage and time period of diagnosis, differences in survival remained for patients receiving ASCT between region A versus C, D, E and F (p =.01, p <.01, p <.01, p =.03). Conclusion: We observed a superior survival in region A for patients receiving ASCT. Explanations may be higher usage of modern initial treatment or regional residual confounding. For patients not receiving ASCT, 75 years or older, differences in survival could be adjusted for.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ögren, Mikael, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Nord2000 spår : Beräkning av spårkorrektion från ytråhet på rälen för bullerberäkningar
- 2024
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I samband med att nya emissionsdata för svenska tåg togs fram för den EU-gemensamma beräkningsmetoden Cnossos-EU och för Nord2000 skapades en korrektion för varje mätplats utifrån den uppmätta ytråheten på rälen. Detta PM beskriver en förenklad metod för att beräkna motsvarande korrektion baserad på den uppmätta ytråheten som sedan går att använda både för beräkningar med den Nordiska metoden reviderad 1996 och med Nord2000.
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