| 1. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(author)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 3. |
- Bryazka, D., et al.
(author)
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Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020
- 2022
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In: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10347, s. 185-235
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0.603 (0.400-1.00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0.002 (0-0) and 1.75 (0.698-4.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0.114 (0-0.403) to 1.87 (0.500-3.30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0.193 (0-0.900) and 6.94 (3.40-8.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59.1% (54.3-65.4) were aged 15-39 years and 76.9% (7.0-81.3) were male. Interpretation There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Gambelunghe, G., et al.
(author)
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Lack of association of CCR2-64I and CCR5-Delta 32 with type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
- 2003
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In: Human Immunology. - 0198-8859 .- 1879-1166. ; 64:6, s. 629-632
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is well known that type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex genetic disease resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Several genes have been associated with susceptibility and/or protection for T1DM, but the disease risk is mostly influenced by genes located in the class II region of the major histocompatibility complex. The attraction of leukocytes to tissues is essential for inflammation and the beginning of autoimmune reaction. The process is controlled by chemokines, which are chemotactic cytolines. Some studies have shown that CCR2-64I and CCR5-Delta32 might be important for protection of susceptibility to some immunologically-mediated disorders. In the present study, we demonstrate the lack of association between CCR2-64I and CCR5-Delta32 gene polymorphism and TIDM and we desrcibe a new method for a simple and more precise genotyping of the CCR2 gene.
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| 10. |
- Gambelunghe, G., et al.
(author)
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Lack of association of human chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms CCR2-64I and CCR5-Delta 32 with autoimmune Addison's disease
- 2004
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In: European journal of immunogenetics. - : Wiley. - 0960-7420 .- 1365-2370. ; 31:2, s. 73-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The attraction of leukocytes to tissues is essential for inflammation and the initiation of the autoimmune reaction. The process is controlled by chemokines, which are chemotactic cytokines. We investigated whether human chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms, namely CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I, are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune Addison's disease. Genotyping was performed in 56 patients and 127 healthy controls by a new method using pyrosequencing for CCR2-64I and by polymerase chain reaction and detecting gel for CCR5-Delta32. None of the CCR2 or CCR5 alleles was found to be associated, either positively or negatively, with disease risk. Our results indicate that the CCR2-64I and CCR5-Delta32 gene polymorphisms do not play a major role in conferring genetic risk for, and/or protection against, autoimmune Addison's disease.
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| 15. |
- Olofsson, P. S., et al.
(author)
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A functional interleukin-1 receptor antagonist polymorphism influences atherosclerosis development - The interleukin-1β : Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist balance in atherosclerosis
- 2009
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In: Circulation Journal. - : Japanese Circulation Society,Nihon Junkanki Gakkai. - 1346-9843 .- 1347-4820. ; 73:8, s. 1531-1536
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Interleukin (JL)-β plays a central role in inflammation and atherosclerosis, but levels of IL-1β, its natural antagonist, IL-1Ra, and their balance in human atherosclerotic lesions, are unknown. Knowledge of protein levels in atherosclerosis and the influence of a functional IL-1Rα polymorphism would increase the understanding of atherosclerosis pathogenesis.Methods and Results: Fresh and endotoxin-stimulated explanted human atherosclerotic and normal arteries were analyzed for IL-1β, IL-1Ra and IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) using TaqMan PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two hundred forty-three survivors of a first myocardial infarction were genotyped for a polymorphism in IL-1Ra and their coronary atherosclerosis analyzed by using coronary angiography. Levels of IL-1β, IL-1Ra and IL-1R1 mRNA were significantly increased in atherosclerotic arteries compared with normal arteries. Endotoxin stimulation increased IL-1β levels more than IL-1Ra levels (ie, promoted a pro-inflammatory state). A polymorphism in IL-1Ra known to increase levels of IL-1Ra was associated with decreased mean coronary artery plaque area.Conclusions: Activation of innate immunity changed the balance between IL-1β and IL-1Ra in atherosclerotic arteries towards a more pro-inflammatory state. In line with this, the presence of an IL-1Ra intron 2 polymorphism known to increase IL-1Ra levels, and possibly the IL-1Ra:IL-1β ratio, was associated with reduced coronary atherosclerosis.
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| 23. |
- Ayerden, N.P., et al.
(author)
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A miniaturized optical gas-composition sensor with integrated sample chamber
- 2016
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In: Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005. ; 236:29, s. 917-925
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A robust and highly miniaturized optical gas sensor based on optical absorption spectroscopy is presented. By using the resonator cavity of a linear variable optical filter (LVOF) also as a gas chamber, a compact and robust optical sensor is achieved. The device operates at the 15th order in 3.2–3.4 μm wavelength range for distinguishing hydrocarbons. The physical cavity length at the μm-level is translated into an effective optical absorption path length at the mm-level by the use of highly reflective (R > 98%) Bragg mirrors. The optical design using the Fizeau interferometer approach is described. Moreover, the CMOS-compatible fabrication method is explained. In addition to the wideband and single wavelength filter characterization, absorption of methane in the LVOF cavity is demonstrated at 3392 nm and 3416.60 nm wavelengths.
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| 24. |
- Ayerden, N.P., et al.
(author)
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Design, fabrication and characterization of LVOF-based IR microspectrometers
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9781628410785 ; 9130
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a linear variable optical filter (LVOF) that operates in the infrared (IR) spectral range. An LVOF-based microspectrometer is a tapered-cavity Fabry-Perot optical filter placed on top of a linear array of detectors. The filter transforms the optical spectrum into a lateral intensity profile, which is recorded by the detectors. The IR LVOF has been fabricated in an IC-compatible process flow using a resist reflow and is followed by the transfer etching of this resist pattern into the optical resonator layer. This technique provides the possibility to fabricate a small, robust and high-resolution micro-spectrometer in the IR spectral range directly on a detector chip. In these designs, the LVOF uses thin-film layers of sputtered Si and SiO 2 as the high and low refractive index materials respectively. By tuning the deposition conditions and analyzing the optical properties with a commercial ellipsometer, the refractive index for Si and SiO2 thin-films was measured and optimized for the intended spectral range. Two LVOF microspectrometers, one operating in the 1.8-2.8 μm, and the other in the 3.0-4.5 μm wavelength range, have been designed and fabricated on a silicon wafer. The filters consist of a Fabry-Perot structure combined with a band-pass filter to block the out-of-band transmission. Finally, the filters were fully characterized with an FTIR spectrometer and the transmission curve widening was investigated. The measured transmittance curves were in agreement with theory. The characterization shows a spectral resolution of 35-60 nm for the short wavelength range LVOF and 70 nm for the long wavelength range LVOF, which can be further improved using signal processing algorithms.
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| 28. |
- Bergman, TH, et al.
(author)
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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Group Intervention for Parents of Children with Disabilities (Navigator ACT): An Open Feasibility Trial
- 2023
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In: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3432 .- 0162-3257. ; 53:5, s. 1834-1849
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and other disabilities report high levels of distress, but systematically evaluated interventions are few. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel, manualized Acceptance and Commitment Therapy group intervention (Navigator ACT) in a sample of 94 parents of children with disabilities. Feasibility was measured by treatment completion, credibility, and satisfaction, and preliminary outcomes by using self-rating scales administered at the baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. The results imply the intervention is feasible in the context of Swedish outpatient habilitation services. A preliminary analysis of the outcome measures suggests that parents experienced significant improvements in well-being. The results indicate that the treatment is feasible and should be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
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| 29. |
- Björnsdotter, A, et al.
(author)
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Cluster Analysis of Child Externalizing and Prosocial Behaviors in a Randomized Effectiveness Trial of the Family-Check Up and Internet-Delivered Parent Training (iComet)
- 2020
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In: Journal for person-oriented research. - : Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - 2003-0177 .- 2002-0244. ; 6:2, s. 88-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To explore whether children with various externalizing/prosocial behavior profiles benefit differently from face-to-face training than from an internet-based parent management training (PMT) programme. Methods: A total of 231 families with children (aged 10 to 13 years) with externalizing behavior problems (EBP) were randomized to receive either the Family Check-Up, delivered by therapists in the community, or the internet-based PMT program (iComet). Person-oriented analysis was used for subtyping the children according to combinations of prosocial behavior and EBP. Results: The person-oriented analysis resulted in five significantly different clusters. There were no significant differences between the five clusters in relation to the total difficulties score of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, family warmth or family conflict, but the within-group effect sizes for the main outcome (total difficulties score) from baseline to post-treatment varied from Cohen’s d of 0.52 to 2.56. There were no significant interaction effects between the clusters and type of intervention. However, for children high on symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and moderate to high on oppositional defiant disorder, and low to relatively high on prosocial behaviors (Cluster 3 respectively 5), substantial residual EBP-symptomatology remained at post-treatment, although both interventions resulted in significant effects. The other three clusters were within the non-clinical EBP-range at post-intervention, irrespective of treatment condition. There were no significant differences between the clusters regarding treatment completion rate (ranging from 47.2% to 67.4%). This study illustrates the value of distinguishing between different profiles of children in the context of PMT for parents of children with EBP.
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| 36. |
- Döringer, Nora, et al.
(author)
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Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Cluster RCT
- 2016
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In: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 137:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate a manualized theory-driven primary preventive intervention aimed at early childhood obesity. The intervention was embedded in Swedish child health services, starting when eligible children were 9 to 10 months of age and continuing until the children reached age 4. METHODS: Child health care centers in 8 Swedish counties were randomized into intervention and control units and included 1355 families with 1369 infants. Over similar to 39 months, families in the intervention group participated in 1 group session and 8 individual sessions with a nurse trained in motivational interviewing, focusing on healthy food habits and physical activity. Families in the control group received care as usual. Primary outcomes were children's BMI, overweight prevalence, and waist circumference at age 4. Secondary outcomes were children's and mothers' food and physical activity habits and mothers' anthropometrics. Effects were assessed in linear and log-binominal regression models using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in children's BMI (beta = -0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.31 to 0.08), waist circumference (beta = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.99 to 0.04), and prevalence of overweight (relative risk = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.32). No significant intervention effects were observed in mothers' anthropometric data or regarding mothers' and children's physical activity habits. There was a small intervention effect in terms of healthier food habits among children and mothers. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant group differences in children's and mothers' anthropometric data and physical activity habits. There was, however, some evidence suggesting healthier food habits, but this should be interpreted with caution.
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| 43. |
- Ghaderi, A., et al.
(author)
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Randomized effectiveness Trial of the Family Check-Up versus Internet-delivered Parent Training (iComet) for Families of Children with Conduct Problems
- 2018
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the effectiveness of the Family Check-Up (FCU) and an Internet-based parent-training program (iComet), along with moderators and mediators of outcome. Families (N = 231) with a child with conduct problems were randomized to one of the conditions for 10 weeks of treatment. The dropout rate was significantly higher in the iComet (39%) compared to FCU (23%). At post-treatment, both conditions resulted in significant improvement, based on parent-report, but no significant interaction between time and condition, with the exception of conduct problem subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, slightly favoring the FCU. Neither child, nor teacher reports indicated any significant changes on any of the investigated variables. At 1-, and 2-years follow-up, the gains from the treatment were maintained in both conditions, with basically no significant time X condition interactions. A significantly larger proportion of children in the FCU recovered at post-treatment with regard to opposition defiant behavior, inattention, and conduct problems, compared to the iComet, but almost none of these differences remained significant at 1-, and 2-years follow-up. None of the moderators (child age, parental income or education, or pre-treatment level of motivation) or mediators (limit setting, and appropriate or harsh parenting) of outcome turned out to be significant.
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| 44. |
- Ghaderi, A, et al.
(author)
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ROR1 Is Expressed in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and a Small Molecule Inhibitor of ROR1 (KAN0441571C) Induced Apoptosis of Lymphoma Cells
- 2020
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In: Biomedicines. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9059. ; 8:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 is absent in most normal adult tissues, but overexpressed in several malignancies. In this study, we explored clinical and functional inhibitory aspects of ROR1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). ROR1 expression in tumor cells was more often observed in primary refractory DLBCL, Richter’s syndrome and transformed follicular lymphoma than in relapsed and non-relapsed DLBCL patients (p < 0.001). A survival effect of ROR1 expression was preliminarily observed in relapsed/refractory patients independent of gender and stage but not of age, cell of origin and international prognostic index. A second generation small molecule ROR1 inhibitor (KAN0441571C) induced apoptosis of ROR1+ DLBCL cell lines, similar to venetoclax (BCL-2 inhibitor) but superior to ibrutinib (BTK inhibitor). The combination of KAN0441571C and venetoclax at EC50 concentrations induced almost complete killing of DLBCL cell lines. Apoptosis was accompanied by the downregulation of BCL-2 and MCL-1 and confirmed by the cleavage of PARP and caspases 3, 8, 9. PI3Kδ/AKT/mTOR (non-canonical Wnt pathway) as well as β-catenin and CK1δ (canonical pathway) were inactivated. In zebra fishes transplanted with a ROR1+ DLBCL cell line, KAN0441571C induced a significant tumor reduction. New drugs with mechanisms of action other than those available for DLBCL are warranted. ROR1 inhibitors might represent a novel promising approach.
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| 45. |
- Ghaderi, M., et al.
(author)
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Design, fabrication and characterization of infrared LVOFs for measuring gas composition
- 2014
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In: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6439 .- 0960-1317. ; 24:8, s. Art. no. 084001-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a linear-variable optical-filter (LVOF) that will be used in a micro-spectrometer operating in infrared (IR) for natural gas composition measurement. An LVOF is placed on top of an array of detectors and transforms the optical spectrum into a lateral intensity profile, which is recorded by the detectors. The IR LVOF was fabricated in an IC-compatible process using a photoresist reflow technique, followed by transfer etching of the photoresist into the optical resonator layer. The spectral range between 3 to 5 mu m contains the absorption peaks for hydrocarbons, carbon-monoxide and carbon-dioxide. The resulting optical absorption is utilized to measure the gas concentrations in a sample volume. Two LVOF structures were designed and fabricated on silicon wafers using alternate layers of sputtered silicon and silicon-dioxide as the high- and low- refractive index materials. These filters consist of a Fabry-Perot resonator combined with a band-pass filter designed to block out-of-band transmissions. Finally, the filters were fully characterized with an FTIR spectrometer and showed satisfactory agreement with the optical thin-film simulations. The characterization showed a spectral resolution of 100 nm, which can be further improved with signal processing algorithms. This method makes it possible to fabricate small and robust LVOFs with high resolving power in the IR spectral range directly on the detector array chip.
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