| 1. |
- Abbasalizadeh, Aida, et al.
(author)
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Highlights of the Salt Extraction Process
- 2013
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In: JOM. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1047-4838 .- 1543-1851. ; 65:11, s. 1552-1558
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents the salient features of a new process for the recovery of metal values from secondary sources and waste materials such as slag and flue dusts. It is also feasible in extracting metals such as nickel and cobalt from ores that normally are difficult to enrich and process metallurgically. The salt extraction process is based on extraction of the metals from the raw materials by a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl, LiCl, and KCl corresponding to the eutectic composition with AlCl3 as the chlorinating agent. The process is operated in the temperature range 973 K (700 degrees C) to 1173 K (900 degrees C). The process was shown to be successful in extracting Cr and Fe from electric arc furnace (EAF) slag. Electrolytic copper could be produced from copper concentrate based on chalcopyrite in a single step. Conducting the process in oxygen-free atmosphere, sulfur could be captured in the elemental form. The method proved to be successful in extracting lead from spent cathode ray tubes. In order to prevent the loss of AlCl3 in the vapor form and also chlorine gas emission at the cathode during the electrolysis, liquid aluminum was used. The process was shown to be successful in extracting Nd and Dy from magnetic scrap. The method is a highly promising process route for the recovery of strategic metals. It also has the added advantage of being environmentally friendly.
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| 2. |
- Ge, Xinlei, et al.
(author)
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The salt extraction process : A novel route for metal extraction part 1 - Cr, Fe recovery from EAF slags and low grade chromite ores
- 2010
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In: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy. - 0371-9553 .- 1743-2855. ; 119:1, s. 27-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present work is part of an investigation towards the development of a process route for the extraction of metal values from slag, low grade ores and other oxidic materials such as spent refractories using molten salts in the temperature range 800-950uC. The present paper focuses on the recovery of metal values, primarily Cr and Fe, from electric arc furnace slag and chromite ore. The impact of different factors to the dissolution of slag, such as temperature, holding time, flux content and weight ratio of flux/slag was studied. Based on the optimised experimental factors, the salt bath containing metal values extracted from the slag/ore was electrolysed under an applied voltage of 2·8 V. The cathode deposit was subjected to SEM/EDS and XRD analyses, which confirmed the formation of CrFe alloy. The process was also extended towards the production of CrFe alloy directly from chromite ore. The results show that the molten salt extraction process offers a promising route towards the recovery of metal values from slags and low grade ores.
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| 3. |
- Grinder, Olle
(author)
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Consultants' corner
- 2009
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In: International journal of powder metallurgy (1986). - 0888-7462. ; 45:4, s. 9-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Grinder, Olle
(author)
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Olle Grinder
- 2012
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In: International journal of powder metallurgy (1986). - 0888-7462. ; 48:3, s. 4-6
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Grinder, Olle
(author)
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Surface Oxidation of Steel Powder
- 2010
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In: STEEL RES INT. - : Wiley. - 1611-3683. ; 81:10, s. 908-913
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Powder metallurgical production of fully dense steel such as high-speed steel, tool steel and stainless steel is of large industrial importance. The process route is as follows: melting inert gas atomization encapsulation hot isostatic pressing and subsequently often also hot forming. Final products comprise near-net-shape components, billets and semi-finished parts e.g. rods. The mechanical and functional properties of the PM steels are often superior to those of conventional manufactured steels over casting + forging with the same chemical composition. The properties of the PM-steels are highly dependant on their oxide contents. There are three types of oxides in PM-steels: exogenous and endogenous slag inclusions and oxides originating from surface oxidation of the atomized particles. The negative effect from the inclusions on the properties of the PM-steels is dependant on their origin. The exogenous inclusions are normally highly detrimental while the endogenous inclusions are harmless. Surface oxides are harmful when present in larger amounts. A special experimental technique was developed to study surface oxidation of powders. Large emphasis was also focused on sampling to enable that the oxygen determination was representative of the bulk powder. The results thus obtained gave most important information on when and how the atomized powder was oxidized during the process. Furthermore, a new methodology was developed based on the experimental results. It is now used world-wide for quality control of atomized steel powders. This method enables the distinction between exogenous + endogenous inclusions and surface oxides.
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