| 1. |
- Barbosa, S., et al.
(author)
-
Workshop on Engaging the Human-Computer Interaction Community with Public Policymaking Internationally : Extended Abstract
- 2013
-
In: Proceeding CHI EA '13 CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450318990 ; , s. 3279-3282
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is an increasing interest in the intersection of human-computer interaction and public policy. This day-long workshop will examine successes and challenges related to public policy and human computer interaction, in order to provide a forum to create a baseline of examples and to start the process of writing a white paper on the topic.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bark, Ida, et al.
(author)
-
Use and usefulness of HCI methods : Results from an exploratory study among Nordic HCI practitioners
- 2006
-
In: People and Computers XIX - The Bigger Picture. - London : Springer London. - 184628192X ; , s. 201-217
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As an HCI practitioner, it would be of great value to know which methods other HCI practitioners find most useful in different project phases. Also it would be interesting to know whether the type of ICT projects has any effects on HCI practitioners' perception of the usefulness of the methods. This paper presents results from an exploratory survey of HCI practitioners in the Nordic countries conducted in the fall of 2004. 179 of the respondents were usability professionals or UI designers with two or more years of experience. The survey results give insights with regard to whether or not HCI practitioners are included in those project phases regarded as most important. Also it describes which HCI methods that are used in different project phases, and how useful different HCI methods are perceived to be. The study complements existing HCI practitioner survey investigations by an explicit allocation of the HCI methods under consideration to concrete project phases, and by including analyses of group differences between practitioners working with different kinds of development projects.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Boivie, Inger, et al.
(author)
-
The Lonesome Cowboy - A Study of the Usability Designer Role in Systems Development. Interacting with Computers
- 2006
-
In: Interacting with computers. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0953-5438 .- 1873-7951. ; 18:4, s. 601-634
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on an evaluation of the usability designer role as applied in two Swedish systems development organisations. The role was initially defined by us, but evolved in these two organisations. We conducted interviews with usability designers, project managers and a user representative. Our main research question was whether or not the introduction of a usability designer has been successful in terms of changes in the systems development process and the impact the role has had on products, projects and organisations. To some extent, the role has met our expectations and intentions for instance, in helping the usability designers shift their focus towards design, and assume some kind of "users' advocate" role. But in other ways, the role "failed". The usability designers in our study are still facing the kind of problems and obstacles that usability professionals have always had to deal with.
|
|
| 5. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(author)
-
Management perspectives on usability in a public authority: a case study
- 2006
-
In: Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: changing roles. - New York, NY, USA : ACM New York. - 1595933255 ; , s. 38-47
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In trying to understand the problem of poor usability in computer-supported work, this article looks at management and their perspective on usability in a public authority. What are their underlying basic values, assumptions and attitudes? Why do managers interpret usability as they do, and what are the consequences for the organization and for usability? The empirical basis is an interpretive case study where 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results indicate that usability is interpreted differently, depending on the formal roles of informants. Furthermore, a majority of the informants express personal, but limited, responsibility for usability. Moreover, we found that basic values are based on an instrumental view of work where efficiency and economy are important constituents. We identified that even though users participate in IT development, they have no formal responsibility or authority. They have become IT workers in that they perform highly technical tasks such as integral testing.
|
|
| 6. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(author)
-
Usability and Users’ Health Issues in Systems Development : Attitudes and Perspectives
- 2008
-
In: Maturing Usability. - London : Springer London. - 9781846289415 ; , s. 243-266
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Poor usability and hence a stressful work situation is still a severe problem in computer-supported work, despite efforts to increase the focus on these issues. Consequently, Sweden has a high level of sick rates, particularly in the civil service sector, and some problems relating to inadequate IT systems with poor usability. In this chapter, we aim at understanding attitudes about and practices for integrating usability and users’ health issues in systems development. Quality in value—i.e. users’ well-being, productivity, and user satisfaction—is shaped by attitudes and perspectives underpinning discourse in systems development. These attitudes and perspectives are embedded in the methods, models, and representations used in systems development, as well as in discourse and action. In our qualitative study, data was collected through semistructured interviews with 127 informants, and in a case study of an ongoing project in one organization. During analysis of data, we identified problems with attitudes and perspectives about users and their work, such as the strong focus on automation, efficiency, and surveillance of work, which shaped the development of new technology and ultimately shapes the work situation of the user. Furthermore, we identified that the work of civil servants was frequently discussed in terms of simple steps and procedures that can be predefined and automated in accordance with clearly defined rules and regulations. Finally, we suggest user-centered design and field studies to address the problems and to improve the understanding of the users’ needs and work practices in development projects.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Eriksson, Elina, et al.
(author)
-
Hello World! - Experiencing Usability Methods without Usability Expertise
- 2009
-
In: HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2009, PT II, PROCEEDINGS. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642036576 ; , s. 550-565
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How do you do usability work when no usability expertise is available? What happens in an organization when system developers, with no previous HCI knowledge, after a 3-day course, start applying usability methods, and particularly field studies? In order to answer these questions qualitative data were gathered through participatory observations, a feed back survey, field study documentation and interviews from 47 system developers from a public authority. Our results suggest that field studies enhance the developer's understanding of the user perspective, and provide a more holistic overview of the use situation, but that some developers were unable to interpret their observations and see solutions to the users' problems. The field study method was very much appreciated and has now become standard operating procedure within the organization. However, although field studies may be useful, it does not replace the need for usability pro fes sion als, as their knowledge is essential for more complex observations, analysis and for keeping the focus on usability.
|
|
| 9. |
- Eriksson, Elina, et al.
(author)
-
Introducing usability roles in public authorities
- 2008
-
In: NordiCHI 2008. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education. - 9781595937049 ; , s. 113-122
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the most common ways of introducing usability into development work in a public authority is by employing a usability professional. But how successful is this strategy when it comes to increasing focus on usability in the organization and how successful have these usability professionals been in introducing usability activities into the development work in their organizations? This paper is based on five case studies on the introduction of usability professionals in public authorities in Sweden. These different ways of introducing usability are discussed and analyzed. Based on this data we draw conclusions about what to consider in order to achieve a successful introduction of usability. Interviews with nine usability professionals were conducted all of which were recorded, analyzed and condensed into the case studies presented. One lesson learned from the case studies is the importance of a formal title as it shapes interpretations of what usability is about. Another issue discussed is the usefulness of a formal job description, and personal characteristics of the person working with usability. Based on the case studies we draw the conclusion that a senior usability professional is to be preferred since introduction of usability often implies organizational change as well as conflicts and discussions at a management level. Another conclusion that can be drawn from the studies is that usability work is more successful in the short perspective if it contributes directly to the design and program code instead of focusing on strategic levels such as policy, evaluation of existing systems and method development.
|
|
| 10. |
- Folstad, Asbjorn, et al.
(author)
-
How HCI-practitioners want to evaluate their own practice
- 2006
-
In: NordiCHI 2006. - New York, NY, USA : ACM New York. - 1595933255 ; , s. 417-420
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How do individual HCI-practitioners evaluate their own work practice? And how would they like to evaluate it? Answers to these questions will give new knowledge on the state-of-the-practice in this area, and provide insight for researchers trying to improve practitioners' ability to evaluate their development project activities. The questions were investigated through questionnaire survey responses of 179 HCI-practitioners from the Nordic countries. It was found that the general maturity for evaluation of own practice were fairly high. However, the results indicate that HCI-practitioners tend not to evaluate their practice with regard to its impact on the development team and project leader; which may be counter productive to the downstream utility of HCI activities. Presentation of ongoing development of evaluation procedures, based on the results, will be included in the talk at NordiCHI 2006.
|
|
| 11. |
- Gollasch, David, et al.
(author)
-
Designing Technology for Neurodivergent Self-determination : Challenges and Opportunities
- 2023
-
In: Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2023 - 19th IFIP TC13 International Conference, Proceedings. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 621-626
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Technology for neurodivergent people has been developed in the past to align them with expectations by neurotypical people. Participants in the widest sense are encouraged to discuss the major challenges and opportunities in designing technology for neurodivergent persons in the context of education, work and for leisure. A key focus is to address knowledge acquisition, skill development, and joy from the perspective of a neurodivergent classmate, colleague, or teammates. At higher education institutions, accommodations are not common everywhere and mostly unknown to lecturers. In the workplace, management tools should respond to the requirements of an employee with autism or ADHD. Technology for leisure time is not designed for neurodivergent pleasure. Uptake of the findings are discussed with participants.
|
|
| 12. |
- Grünloh, Christiane
(author)
-
Harmful or Empowering? : Stakeholders’ Expectations and Experiences of Patient Accessible Electronic Health Records
- 2018
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Healthcare systems worldwide face organisational and financial challenges due to increasing number of people with chronic conditions, increasing costs, and an ageing population. eHealth services have the potential to address some of these challenges, for example, by supporting patients who are engaged in self-care, improving quality of care, and reducing medical costs.In 2012, Region Uppsala in Sweden launched an eHealth service that enabled patients to access their electronic health records through the Internet. The launch of the service was accompanied by strong criticism from healthcare professionals (HCPs) and was heavily debated in the media. Patients on the other hand were very positive towards the service.Albeit promising, the potential of Patient Accessible Electronic Health Records (PAEHRs) cannot be realised if HCPs still have reservations towards the service and their concerns are not fully understood. The purpose of this research is therefore to enhance our understanding of how physicians view PAEHR in relation to both their work environment and the level of patient participation. Furthermore, the aim is to shed light on whether their concerns related to patients’ well-being have materialised in practice and how patients view and make use of the service. Finally, this thesis identifies implicated human values and value tensions related to PAEHR.To enhance our understanding of the physicians’ perspective, semi-structured interviews with 12 physicians in Uppsala were thematically analysed. A national patient survey was conducted to investigate patients’ use of and their experiences with PAEHR. Furthermore, empirical and conceptual investigations were carried out to identify human values and value tensions.The results of this research show that the physicians’ assumptions and views of PAEHR and its consequences for patients were different from the views and actual experiences of patients using the PAEHR system. The physicians were mainly concerned about potential increase in their workload and that it could be harmful for patients to access their Electronic Health Record (EHR), for example, as it might evoke anxiety or worry. The vast majority of patients appreciated timely access to their results, felt more involved in their care, and read their records to become more involved. The investigation of human values associated with PAEHR identified values such as Ownership & Property, Professional Autonomy, Responsibility, Human Well-Being, Accountability & Transparency, and Trust. Furthermore, value tensions were identified that may occur between direct and indirect stakeholders (here: patients and physicians), or are related to an interpretation of PAEHR.This thesis contributes to current research on eHealth in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) by instigating a critical discussion of values associated with eHealth technologies that might be perceived as conflicting given a stakeholder’s framing of the technology. For example, tensions that emerge between values that prioritise placing the responsibility on a physician for their patients versus a value system that prioritises patient autonomy. The findings of this thesis suggest that while policymakers and government agencies adhere to a system of values that place a premium on patient empowerment, paternalistic tendencies are still present among physicians. However, an eHealth service like PAEHR is an important first step towards patient participation. The results of this thesis suggest that the support of patient participation in their own care through PAEHR outweighs the potential harm.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Accomplishing universal access through system reachability : a management perspective
- 2004
-
In: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 3:1, s. 96-101
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe the need of a method by which we can estimate the return on accessibility investments in information technology (IT) systems. This paper reveals some of the reasons why accessibility still is a secondhand criterion when designing digital services. It also describes the authors experiences regarding the concept of accessibility and how it must develop in order to obtain the status of a basic business criterion for the benefit of disabled people who are currently excluded from public services and labour markets. The paper also questions the need of a separate accessibility standard. Additionally, we discuss some of the hindering in the market and limiting perspectives that are blocking further development. One of the problems in the market seems to be that accessibility as a concept has been more of an issue about creating equal opportunities and therefore probably does not have the quality of a business criterion. In order to bridge that gap, we argue for replacing accessibility with reachability, which is a concept based on a measure used by media when estimating the reached percentage of a population or target group.
|
|
| 15. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Analysis of Information Utilization (AIU)
- 1997
-
In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1044-7318 .- 1532-7590. ; 9:3, s. 255-282
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Analysis of information utilization (AIU) is a method for describing and analyzing how information entities identified in information analysis are being used in the work situation. AIU aims at complementing existing methods for user interface design by identifying additional requirements for human-computer interaction. The method focuses on aspects, of computer-supported work, related to cognitive load, aspects of which end users often not are explicitly aware. For skilled workers in a professional work environment, the efficiency of the user interface is extremely important. We earlier stressed that important criteria for design of user interfaces deals with making the interface "obvious" to the users, by minimizing the cognitive load associated with the handling of it. AIU is performed through observation interviews in which human-computer experts interview representative users about their work situation and observe physical information-handling routines. The analysis identifies work tasks in terms of judgments and decision-making situations, requirements concerning the tasks that may have to be performed simultaneously, important features and priorities of the information, actions the user can initiate and so on. The method supports the interface designer with human-computer interaction requirements structured for a workspace-oriented design. It is integrated in user-centered development model and supports the simultaneous development of competence, organization, work activity, and information technology. This article describes the background and contents of the method and how the results of the analysis are documented and used in the design process. A number of application projects have shown that AIU makes it possible to capture aspects of human work and information processing that are important to the design of better interfaces. AIU is not a new method for system development but complements today methods for task and information analysis with more...
|
|
| 16. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Användarcentrerad systemdesign
- 2002. - 1
-
Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Användare behöver IT-stöd som är väl lämpade, effektiva och verksamhetsanpassade. Användbarhet som kvalitet är en framgångsfaktor och detta är något som i allt större utsträckning uppmärksammats av företag, vilka börjar hyra in expertis för att specifikt fokusera på användbarheten. Trots detta är användbarhetsmognaden hos företag och organisationer besvärande låg och kompetensbehovet påtagligt.Denna bok ger god insikt i vad ett användbart IT-system är och beskriver hur man praktiskt kan bedriva utvecklingsarbetet på ett användarcentrerat sätt. Fokus ligger på den användarcentrerade utvecklingsprocessen. Författarna presenterar ett antal nyckelprinciper som är grunden för all användarcentrerad systemdesign. Ämnen som behandlas är bl.a.: användbarhetsbegreppet, användarcentrerad systemdesign som en process, iterativ utveckling, användar- och uppgiftsanalys, deltagande design, prototyper, utvärderingsmetoder, användbarhet i kommersiella systemutvecklingsprocesser, standarder för användarcentrerad design, råd för användarmedverkan, rollen som användbarhetsdesigner, organisation av användbarhetsarbete, tvärdisciplinär samverkan, användbarhetsmål/krav och integrerad design.Boken riktar sig till alla intressenter i ett systemutvecklingsprojekt. Såväl beställare av IT-system som systemutvecklande organisationer bör ha nytta av boken. Den riktar sig också till studenter som vill ha djupare kunskap och mer praktisk vägledning i hur man kan bedriva användarcentrerad systemdesign.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-
(author)
-
Case Handling Models as a Basis for Information System Design In C.A
- 1996
-
In: Human Interaction with Complex Systems-II. - Norwell,MA : Kluwer Academic Publishers.
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To be able to incorporate work, process and task analysis into industrial object-oriented system design in practice one needs to focus on all factors influencing the development work. Such factors includes the development of information technology, users and their competence, organization, the work activity and the physical work environment. In cooperation with the Swedish National Tax Board we have established a methodological framework for the incorporation of domain knowledge into a user centered development process. We have extended the object oriented use case modeling techniques with aspects relevant for user interface design. We have supported the user interface design process with domain knowledge by introducing a corporate style guide and enhanced the possibilities for designing systems that efficiently support the user's work through the workspace metaphor. Currently the focus of the research cooperation is on the improvement of the possibilities for efficient user participation in the development process.
|
|
| 19. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-
(author)
-
Digital Work Environment Rounds - Systematic Inspections of Usability Supported by the Legislation
- 2021
-
In: Human-Computer Interaction, Interact 2021, PT II. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 197-218
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digital tools are an essential part of the work environment of many civil servants working at public authorities. They should therefore follow the prevalent work environment legislation. This paper describes a method to conduct digital work environment rounds to assess the usability of digitalized work to assess work environment risks and identify improvements. The methodology used is following a participatory action research project in collaboration between users, union representatives, managers and IT experts. The case presented in this paper describes the development of the digital work environment round in collaboration with a court in Sweden. It was based on an international standard in the making and collaboratively developed and adapted to the situation at the public authority. Based on this work the public authority has now decided to make this method a part of their annual systematic work environment management and other organizations are following in their tracks.
|
|
| 20. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Domain specific design of user interfaces
- 1995
-
In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1044-7318 .- 1532-7590. ; 7:2, s. 135-151
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of graphical user interfaces in a computerized work environment is often considered to substantially improve the work situation. The outcome can, however, often be the opposite. Inappropriate use of windowing techniques, scrolling, and colors can result in tedious and confusing interaction with the computer. Today's standards and style guides define basic design principles but are insufficient for design of interfaces to end‐user applications. Here detailed domain knowledge is indeed essential. A domain‐specific style guide (DSSG) is an extension of today's standard with domain‐specific primitives, interface elements, and forms, together with domain‐specific guidelines. Careful dedicated analysis of information utilization in a domain is the development basis for a DSSG. The development is performed with an object‐oriented approach to facilitate the reuse of interface components and to support consistency and structure. Using a DSSG, the development of applications can be performed with a simplified information analysis. Therefore a more effective design process is possible, one in which end users can participate in the design using their own familiar domain‐related terminology. Time and costs for the development process can be drastically reduced if domain‐specific style guides, design guidelines, and development tools are used.
|
|
| 21. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Domain Specific Design of User Interfaces - Case Handling and Data Entry Problems.
- 1996
-
In: Domain Specific Design of User Interfaces - Case Handling and Data Entry Problems.. - : Springer London.
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New approaches on human-computer issues are required in designing user interfaces for skilled professionals in specific domains. By including domain knowledge earlier in the development process applications development can be simplified. The advantages of a domain specific design are obvious; 1. Increased efficiency in the development process and in the final application. 2. Enhanced possibilities for effective user participation. 3. Reduced development time and cost. Domain specific design requires a careful analysis of information utilisation. The analysis results in a design specified in a special design language interpretable by the construction tool. This paper outlines a framework for a domain specific design and development process. Design was earlier supported mainly by cognitive theories on human computer interaction and user modelling. In the domain specific approach design issues are concentrated on efficient development of effective human-computer interfaces. Our purpose is to identify the main steps of the process analysis of information utilisation, design and construction with special emphasis on their documentation. The different documentations can be seen as interfaces or bridges between preceding and succeeding steps in the development process, and are to be specified in some kind of formal or semiformal language. We are currently working on the specification of these languages. Our development process is compared to development using traditional UIMS, with emphasis on the possible benefits; cost and time savings, increased possibilities for effective user participation and increased modularity. The domain of case handling accentuates the domain specific development as a general approach on a large number of administrative work situations where case administrators interact with customers or clients. Case handling is an important domain with many end-users using their skills for complex information retrieval and decision making. This domain is described from the case administrators perspective on customer interaction, information retrieval, decision support and information systems. We stress some general aspects on case handling, important for the design of efficient computer support for personnel working in this domain. Some basic work flow entities, to describe and categorise the case handling domain, are presented, like e. g. the initialisation phase, the information retrieval process, the case administrators decision process, and the documentation and information services.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-
(author)
-
How Do Developers Meet Users? – Attitudes and Processes in Software Development
- 2007
-
In: DSV-IS 2006. - Berlin : Springer. ; , s. 1-10
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This keynote paper argues for an increased understanding of the various roles involved in the development work to be able to achieve the goal of developing increased usability. Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has for a long time been arguing for the sake of the users, but to be able to deliver methods, tools and processes that better fit the needs of developers we should study and understand development work to a larger extent. This paper discusses what HCI and software engineering contributes to each other’s disciplines as well as what research contributes to practice. This also means an increased understanding of what research that counts in the academic context. Finally I argue that research should focus more on real problems of real development work, rather than on research that is easily publishable
|
|
| 24. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
How to make User Centred Design Usable
- 1999
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As a User Centred Design group placed centrally in a larger company, one is regularly confronted with the question of transferring competence to other functions within the organisation. These requests will be motivated by the need for expanding the activities or spreading the mind-set of user orientation. Frequently regular development and marketing staff move into usability related tasks and look for training. So, it is not seldom that we as user centred design specialists are asked upon to convey our skills to others. An activity which is likely to fall in a dilemma between teaching 'easy-to-learn methods' (methods which are cooked up by others and a bit old - from when we did a presentation last) or a user centred design attitude (so that the learners can design their own methods through continuous experimenting and learning). The latter is definitely richer but much more difficult to convey. This is the dilemma we would like to address in our position paper. Work practices are rapidly changing User Centred Design is a very fast moving field, both technologically and in terms of work practices for design and user involvement. If we want to stay on the leading edge we need to adopt a practice of continuous experimentation and improvement of the way of involving users in product development. The Danfoss User Centred Design group has worked with user involvement in product development for eight years. Looking back, our methodology has changed radically over the years: Starting from a mechanical design methodology basis [Buur et.al. 1991] with user interviews, via a cognitive engineering approach [Rasmussen et.al. 1994] favouring usability testing, to a participatory design philosophy [Kyng & Greenbaum 1991] with user involvement in design workshops [Binder ; Brandt & H...
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Making a difference : a survey of the usability profession in Sweden
- 2004
-
In: Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction. - New York : ACM Press. - 1581138571 ; , s. 207-215
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Poor usability in interactive systems/products is still a major problem for users and buyers, despite efforts made by an increasing number of usability professionals. How come this is so and what are the main obstacles to usability work? In this paper we report the results of a survey of usability professionals in Sweden, conducted in 2003. The survey identified, e.g. their background and experiences, the type of employment, organization, and products/systems, the software development process being used and some key success factors for usability work. The results indicate, among other things, that management support and project management support are essential for the usability worker. Moreover, they face problems such as, usability and user involvement having low priority in the projects.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Reengineering the System Development Process for User Centred Design
- 2001
-
In: Proceedings of INTERACT 2001. - : IOS Press.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ... This paper describes a general modelling approach especially useful for organisations to analyse their current development process and converting to a user-centred process. The procedures for reengineering system development work is particularly useful as it helps organisation to specify their user-centred design model at the same time as it teaches their developers user-centred design. This approach has been successfully applied at the Swedish National Tax Board, and the result of this case is described herein
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
The Nature Of User Interface Design - The Role Of Domain Knowledge
- 1996
-
In: Domain Knowledge for Interactive System Design. - : Springer London.
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The importance and growing awareness of domain knowledge acquisition in information systems development and, especially, in the process of design of human-computer interfaces, are becoming more evident. In several in-house development projects, methods for efficiently capturing and utilising domain knowledge have been defined and tested (e.g., through the definition of domain specific style guides and analysis of information utilisation). Also, methods for modelling case handling work in general terms, which is the main application focus of our studies, have been developed and tested in larger organisations. This paper focuses on the relation between domain knowledge models and conceptual models in information system development and user models in human-computer interaction. Based on Norman's model of user perception of an existing computer system, different limitations are identified and possible extensions are discussed. By introducing the domain context, several additional models of the work task by the user, as well as the designer, occur. If the dynamic iterative system development process is regarded, additional models and dynamic changes in the models over time can be traced. Furthermore, these models are related to the state-of-the-art knowledge on mental models and domain modelling. Implications for design, such as work modelling, iterative system development, analysis of information utilisation, design and evaluation methods, are discussed.
|
|
| 32. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
The 'New' New Normal-Digitalization and Hybridization of Work and Education Before, during and after the Covid-19 Pandemic
- 2022
-
In: Interacting with computers. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0953-5438 .- 1873-7951.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Before the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, work and education on the university campus were considered superior to equivalent activities conducted digitally or remotely. Despite being significantly digitally mature, many organizations did not consider or even permit digital or hybrid participation in meetings and education. In March 2020, the lockdown following the pandemic caused the transition of many organizations and most universities to online-only operation in record time. Often, this occurred while maintaining quality and production, even if some aspects relating to the user experience were lost. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how digitalization following the pandemic influenced and transformed the digital work environment in higher education. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, provided the experiences and data for this article. In conclusion we distinguished different phases of digital work and education before, during and after the pandemic: 1. The Pre-Pandemic Phase, 2. The Emergency Remote Phase, 3. The New Normal, 4. The Slow Acceptance Phase, and 5. The Dividing Phase, or what we refer to as The 'New' New Normal. In this phase it looks like it will be a battle between three perspectives; those who are looking to get back to the pre-pandemic conditions, those living in The New Normal, and those actively analyzing the lessons learned and aiming for The Thoughtful Blended Phase. Analyzing these five phases we discern that the implications for the future will be heavily dependent on the following aspects: management commitment and support; well-functioning technology and support organization; understanding the effects digitalization will have on culture, organization and well-being; increasing interest in participating in pedagogical development; new designs needed for hybrid work and education; the need to rethink structure and contents of meetings; and paying extra care and attention to the psychological well-being of staff and students.
|
|
| 33. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
The software accessibility of human-computer interfaces : ISO Technical Specification 16071
- 2004
-
In: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 3:1, s. 6-16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the recently published Technical Specification ISO 16071 from the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), along with the process through which the document has been developed. ISO TS 16071 contains guidelines on designing accessible software. This paper also relates the activities within ISO to other ongoing standardisation activities, within, for example, W3C and ETSI. Scope, contents, guidelines and the definition of accessibility in ISO 16071 are discussed in relation to other definitions. Finally, the process of turning the technical specification (TS) into an international standard (IS) is discussed.
|
|
| 34. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Understanding and Developing User Involvement at a Public Authority
- 2006
-
In: NordiCHI'06-Workshop. - 821404040X
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- User involvement is one of the major constituents of a user-centered systems design approach. However, involving real end users still seem to be one of the major obstacles to systems development projects in practice. This paper reports on our initial experiences in our cooperation with a public authority to increase their effectiveness of user involvement and discussing new ways of involving users. As a start we performed a workshop where we examined the attitudes towards user involvement and discussed the participants’ experiences in this respect. Following we will conduct a survey to capture quantitative data on the user involvement throughout the organization
|
|
| 35. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Usability professionals - current practices and future development
- 2006
-
In: Interacting with computers. - AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0953-5438 .- 1873-7951. ; 18:4, s. 568-600
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The usability concept has now received such a wide recognition in information technology (IT) development that working with usability can be regarded as a profession in its own right. In recent research projects, we have surveyed and studied usability work on an individual level in a number of Swedish development organisations, including success factors and obstacles. What we have seen relates to the individual usability professional and her background and experiences, the organisation in which she operates, the development process, communication and communication means, and finally the attitudes and basic values held by the people involved. In this paper, we compile and reflect on selected findings from different studies on usability work in practical systems(1) development in a number of Swedish organisations. We discuss our findings from a practical point of view and relate them to the research of others within the international HCI community. Finally, we discuss some issues we consider important for the future development of the practice of usability that we believe is of interest to the international community of usability professionals.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-
(author)
-
Why We Do What We Do : HCI and Societal Impact
- 2023
-
In: Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2023 - 19th IFIP TC13 International Conference, Proceedings. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 339-346
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the spirit of INTERACTs founder Brian Shackel, this conference was founded to bring together academics and industrial practitioners in the field of human computer interaction (HCI) to recognize the profound societal impact that research and knowledge on humans interacting with various forms of technology has. HCI has grown from being a small obscure discipline for computer scientists that were not that good on programming and needed to pick a field that was easy, to being one of the most important and fastest growing professions in the IT sector, through the role that user experience (UX) play. The scientific studies and published papers in HCI have grown much more than many of the other disciplines. How has HCI come to undergo such a development? I believe that there are several potential reasons for this. The transdisciplinary nature, involving true collaboration and a joint understanding between disciplines of very different natures including computer science, behavioral science and design, among other things that are fundamental to the impact. Another value is the ambitions not to bend for the complex, “wicked” problems that human computer interaction addresses but develop the methodology to fit the nature of doing research in the wild on complex problems where many of the involving factors are difficult to control is one of the reasons for the success. The values of addressing and caring about users, regardless of abilities, knowledge level, age or gender is another positive quality that has contributed to the impact. To be able to make the best out of our discipline we should more recognize and cherish the contribution that HCI can make, educate students and the society to understand the impact and make use of all the valuable methods, we need carefully to choose research problems and approaches to maximize the impact and we should to a higher extent take an active role in the contemporary development of the field, actively engage in politics and policy making on AI, digitalization and development for change and make sure that the values of our HCI field permeates all development.
|
|
| 40. |
- Göransson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
Usability Design - Extending rational unified process with a new discipline
- 2003
-
In: INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS: DESIGN, SPECIFICATION, AND VERIFICATION. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 3540201599 ; , s. 316-330
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- new discipline, Usability Design, is proposed as an extension to Rational Unified Process (RUP). The aim is to make RUP more user-centred. The discipline springs out of best practices for user-centred design and contains activities that have been carefully tested. Five new roles are introduced to take responsibility for the different activities. An example is given to show the content of the workflow, the workflow details and the activities. The Usability Design discipline help projects to focus on usability and the users throughout the system development lifecycle.
|
|
| 41. |
-
Human Centred Software Engineering : Integrating Usability in the Software
- 2005
-
Editorial proceedings (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This book aims at bridging the gap between the field of software engineering (SE) and Human Computer Interaction (HCI), and addresses the concerns of integrating usability and user centered systems design into the development process. This can be done by defining techniques, tools and practices that can fit into the entire software engineering lifecycle as well as by defining ways of addressing the knowledge and skills needed, and the attitudes and basic values that a user centered development methodology requires. This introductory chapter highlights the major challenges and obstacles in integrating usability and user-centered design techniques in the software engineering lifecycle. The discussion is centered on the following key issues: – When and how to involve users and user interface design specialists in the design and development process – Practical experiences of using usability engineering techniques and artefacts in the analysis, design and evaluation processes – Organizational obstacles to user-centered design – Role of the UCD facilitator and usability professionals in the development processes and teams – Communication problems that occur when usability experts with varied skills and expertise communicate with software and computer scientists The chapter also provides some basic definitions especially about usability, its measurement and its place in the mainstream development lifecycle. Most of the integration problems briefly discussed in this chapter are detailed in other chapters. with inputs from the book contributo
|
|
| 42. |
- Hussain, Dena
(author)
-
A Framework for Digital Inclusion : An Agile Software Initiative for Bridging the Digital Divide
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Digital inclusive services refer to technologies designed to diminish social inequalities and ensure equal access to information and communication technologies for all individuals. Previous research has explored various strategies and assessment methods to promote digital inclusion, including the use of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), co-design methodologies, and customised ICT platforms. These studies have compared results obtained through different approaches, such as assessment techniques, user preferences, and technical barriers. While there is a growing need for digital services to be inclusive, there has been limited research exploring how development methods, accessibility features, and stakeholder involvement intersect. Moreover, to fully utilise the potential of technology for societal benefit, it is essential to consider the perspectives of various stakeholders, including developers, designers, policymakers, and end-users alike. Thus, effective promotion of digital inclusion requires a multi-stakeholder development process, actively involving stakeholders with diverse expertise, such as developers, user experience (UX) designers, and accessibility specialists. This thesis aims to explore various factors that can influence the development of inclusive digital services, focusing on the dependencies among stakeholders, agile processes, and accessibility qualities. Employing a mixed methods approach, including workshops, interviews, and surveys across five studies, this research investigated and identified current development processes, as well as the relationship between stakeholder knowledge and accessibility attributes. Each study pursued specific objectives to analyse factors such as the dependencies among stakeholders, their roles, and knowledge levels. By gaining insights into stakeholders' perceptions of accessibility requirements and guidelines, key themes and patterns emerged in the development of a dependency framework. This framework underscores potential dependencies, including stakeholders' domains and the use of customised ICT tools. In conclusion, the research highlights the imperative for continuous collaboration and recognition of factors influencing interdependencies in the development of inclusive digital services. The thesis underscores that sustaining accessibility qualities requires ongoing efforts, considering variations in stakeholders' awareness and roles. The main contributions lie in highlighting the importance of tools that foster collaboration between software engineering and human-computer interaction, ultimately bridging the gap in ensuring inclusive digital services.
|
|
| 43. |
- Hussain, Dena, et al.
(author)
-
An Agile Framework Towards Inclusion : Supporting Teachers Working in an Inclusive Learning Environment
- 2020
-
In: Human-Centered Software Engineering. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. ; , s. 3-23
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reviews a user-centered agile systems design process, in the context of facilitating an educational environment. It focuses on the design of an ICT tool to support teachers in building an inclusive learning environment for children with Special Educational Needs (SEN), applying the “Index of Inclusion” (IoI) as a framework that directs the development process. The IoI is a set of guidelines that offers schools a supportive process of self-review and development when it comes to SEN; it draws on the views of staff in the educational sector. Extracting a requirements specification from a theoretical framework can be challenging. This study investigates how end-users, clients and stakeholders’ involvement in the development process can be used with the aim of establishing design implications. The outcomes suggest that integration of user experience in the development processes, design ideas, and/or framework can be useful for software developers, specifically when working with diverging needs and perspectives.
|
|
| 44. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Can Mainstream Smart Technology Support Homeless People Leaving Homelessness?
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We present a work to create a user-informed practice on how to use smart technology as support for homeless people. The practice challenge traditional methods used by the Social Service Administration, hat may have become obsolete in a digitalized societyThe paper presents and reflects on the process from initial qualitative research, over pilot testing and implementation activities up to the presentation of an implementation-handbook. The paper also presents outcomes of interventions with smart technology conducted during the pilot and implementation phase. 36 of the participating 41 homeless people reported on significant functional improvements and 12 of those labelled them as life-changing improvements.The unique contribution in this paper that we have presented a result on homeless people using smart technology and that such technology can be used in areas where before more costly assistive technology had to be used. Contemporary mainstream devices; smartphones, smartwatches and smart pens together with an assemblage of applications supporting cognitive needs were tested and found useable to fulfil the needs for many homeless people. The cost for such intervention is low and homeless people report on important changes in life when using smart technology. The paper also contributes by describing the Social Service Administrations struggle to adopt to a situation where homeless people want to use digital tools in the interaction.
|
|
| 45. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-
(author)
-
Design for Participation and Inclusion will Follow : Disabled People and the Digital Society
- 2019
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Digitalization is rapidly taking over all aspects of society, but still there are parts of the population who have to struggle for access to, and to be able to use, the digital resources. Design processes and outcomes in the form of artefacts, that takes accessibility into account, is key to participation. This gives the designer a central role in providing for a more equal participation of all, in the digital society. The work in this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the prerequisites for participation in the digital society, and in the design processes to accomplish this, by presenting research done together with three communities: people with cognitive impairments, people with mental health issues and homeless people.The overall question has been How can participation in the digital society be understood? We have investigated the nature of difficulties or enabling factors for people with impairments, people with mental health issues and homeless people, when using the internet. We have also investigated possible digital divides within the groups, and how they can be explained.Ontologically, the work is based on an assumption that knowledge is to be found in a dialectic interplay between the material world and how we interpret what is going on in this world. The underlying epistemological assumption is that data has to be empiric, and critically interpreted in dialogue between members of the communities, which are being researched, and other stakeholders. This work draws on the idea of emancipation and that research can be liberating.The work also takes on a pragmatic stance. We have used adapted versions of Emancipatory Participatory Research, and of Participatory and Value Sensitive Design, thus making them accessible to people with cognitive impairments, people with mental health issues or homeless people. We have tested and adapted methods for sampling of rare populations, to enhance the quality of quantitative studies of how people with impairments and people with mental health issues have access to, and are using, the internet.In our research, we have found fourteen prerequisites, all of which need to be in place to provide for participation. To promote participation, we need a toolbox of methods and accessible tools. Finally, to analyse what is going on we need an analytical model which allows for analysis on multiple levels and from multiple perspectives.As a result, I here propose, define and position a framework for researching and understanding participation in the digital society, based on three parts: Guidelines, Ethics and Statistics. Guidelines can be understood as the theories, the regulations, the standards, etc. that inform our thinking. Ethics guide us in the right direction. Statistics make progress or lack of progress visible.The conclusion is: if we plan for participation - by improved statistic survey sampling methods, a participatory approach to collaborative research and in using research methods in an accessible and emancipatory way – inclusion will follow.
|
|
| 46. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Disability Digital Divide : The Use of the Internet, Smartphones, Computers and Tablets among People with Disabilities in Sweden
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Although Sweden is one of the most digitalized countries and the Swedish population’s use of the internet is among the most studied in the world, little is known about how Swedes with disabilities use internet.PurposeTo describe use of and perceived difficulties in use of the internet among people with disabilities, and to explore digital divides in-between and within disability groups, and in comparison to the general population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey targeting the same issues as other nationwide surveys but adapted for people with cognitive disabilities. Participants were recruited from May to October 2017 by adaptive snowball sampling. The survey comprised questions on access to and use of devices, and use of and perceived difficulties in use of internet.Results771 people responded to the survey, representing 35 diagnoses/impairments. Larger proportions of people with autism, ADHD and bipolar disorder reported using internet than other disability groups. Women with autism used the internet more than any other disability group, and women with aphasia used the internet the least. People with disabilities related to language and understanding reported more difficulties using internet than other disability groups. Larger proportions of participants than the general Swedish population, reported not feeling digitally included. In many but not all disability groups larger proportions of men than women reported not feeling digitally included.ConclusionsOur findings show that there are differences in digital inclusion between sub-groups of diagnoses/impairments. Thus, disability digital divides are preferably investigated by sub-grouping disabilities, rather than studied as one homogeneous group.
|
|
| 47. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Disability digital divide : the use of the internet, smartphones, computers and tablets among people with disabilities in Sweden
- 2020
-
In: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although Sweden is one of the most digitalized countries and the Swedish population’s use of the internet is among the most studied in the world, little is known about how Swedes with disabilities use internet. The purpose of this study is to describe use of and perceived difficulties in use of the internet among people with disabilities and to explore digital divides in-between and within disability groups, and in comparison with the general population. This is a cross-sectional survey targeting the same issues as other nationwide surveys but adapted for people with cognitive disabilities. Participants were recruited from May to October 2017 by adaptive snowball sampling. The survey comprised questions on access to and use of devices, and use of and perceived difficulties in use of internet. A total of 771 people responded to the survey, representing 35 diagnoses/impairments. Larger proportions of people with autism, ADHD and bipolar disorder reported using internet than other disability groups. Women with autism used the internet more than any other disability group, and women with aphasia used the internet the least. People with disabilities related to language and understanding reported more difficulties using internet than other disability groups. Larger proportions of participants than the general Swedish population reported not feeling digitally included. In many but not all disability groups, larger proportions of men than women reported not feeling digitally included. Our findings show that there are differences in digital inclusion between sub-groups of diagnoses/impairments. Thus, disability digital divides are preferably investigated by sub-grouping disabilities, rather than studied as one homogeneous group.
|
|
| 48. |
- Johansson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
-
Prerequisites for digital participation : the case of digital health technology and people with impairments
- 2024
-
In: The Routledge international handbook of disability and global health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 9781003859345 - 9781032131849 ; , s. 552-564
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digital healthcare services and digital health information, here called eHealth services, have the potential to reach people with diverse needs as both a complement to and a substitution for traditional healthcare. The access to and use of digital health information and digital healthcare services that are accessible and usable for people with impairments is a complex phenomenon.This potential is not always released and there seems to be a systematic pattern regarding who will benefit from eHealth and who will not, and there is a risk that those who could benefit from eHealth the most will be the ones using it the least. This chapter will present and discuss a set of prerequisites for achieving equity and non-disabling use of eHealth services for people with impairments. Over time and depending on context or society, some prerequisites are probably more critical than others.
|
|
| 49. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Survey methods that enhance participation among people with disabilities
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rare populations, such as people with disabilities, have been poorly represented in surveys. Research has shown that common probability sampling methods for recruitment of participants to surveys often fail to include people with disabilities. Also, that using one single “disability status” as proxy for all conditions that cause disability, restrains disaggregation into disability sub-groups.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an adaptive snowball sampling method for recruitment of participants with disabilities and of data collection in a survey entailing thoroughly elaborated survey questions in regard to accessibility, and to describe effects on response rates and the samples’ representativeness of the entire disability populations.MethodsA survey mirroring concept was used to compare a nationwide survey on internet use which applied probability sampling method, with a modified survey applying adaptive snowball sampling of people with disabilities. Questions from the mirrored survey was elaborated to increase accessibility for the target populations. Multiple channels for data collection: online, paper and telephone or face-to-face interview, were used.ResultsIn total 771 persons participated, representing all 35 target populations. A majority responded by the online questionnaire and 57 responded by interviews. Missing response to single questions was 2.5– 6%.ConclusionsAdaptive snowball sampling method was feasible to reach people with a wide range of disabilities. A modified survey targeting accessibility issues was feasible to enable participation by all target populations. The survey mirroring concept and adaptive sampling methods are suggested favourable to achieve representation of disability populations in surveys.
|
|
| 50. |
- Jonsson, Marika, et al.
(author)
-
Development and Evaluation of eHealth Services Regarding Accessibility : Scoping Literature Review
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : NLM (Medline). - 1438-8871. ; 25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Accessibility is acknowledged as a key to inclusion in the Convention of Rights for People with Disabilities. An inaccessible design can result in exclusion from eHealth and cause disability among people who have impairments. OBJECTIVE: This scoping literature review aimed to investigate how eHealth services have been developed and evaluated regarding accessibility for people with impairments. METHODS: In line with Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping studies and using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we conducted a search in 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, IEEE, and Web of Science) in October 2020 and an update of the search in June 2022. The search strategy was structured according to the PICO model as follows: Population/Problem, digital accessibility for users with impairment; Intervention, health care delivered by any digital solution; Comparison, not applicable; Outcome, use of and adherence to (1) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), (2) other accessibility guidelines, and (3) other means, for designing or evaluating accessibility in eHealth services. A Boolean search was conducted by combining terms related to accessibility and eHealth. All authors participated in screening abstracts according to the eligibility criteria. Each publication, containing a potentially relevant abstract, was read (full text) and assessed for eligibility by 2 authors independently and pairwise. Publications deemed eligible were read by all authors and discussed for consensus. RESULTS: A total of 8643 publications were identified. After abstract screening, 131 publications remained for full-text reading. Of those, 116 publications were excluded as they did not meet the eligibility criteria. Fifteen publications involving studies of 12 eHealth services were included in the study. Of the 15 publications, 2 provided a definition of accessibility, 5 provided an explanation of accessibility, and 8 did not provide any explanation. Five publications used the WCAG to evaluate accessibility when developing eHealth services. One publication used International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 29138, ISO 2941, and ISO/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 30071-1 standards together with the Spanish Association for Standardization (UNE) 139803 standard. Eleven publications used other means to address accessibility, including text-level grading; literature review about accessibility; user tests, focus groups, interviews, and design workshops with target groups of patients, relatives, and health care professionals; and comparative analysis of existing technical solutions to provide information about useful requirements. CONCLUSIONS: Although a clear definition of accessibility can enhance operationalization and thus measurability when evaluating accessibility in eHealth services, accessibility was insufficiently defined in most of the included studies. Further, accessibility guidelines and standards were used to a very limited extent in the development and evaluation of eHealth services. Guidelines for developing complex interventions that include guidance for accessibility are motivated to ensure that accessibility will be considered systematically in eHealth services. ©Marika Jonsson, Stefan Johansson, Dena Hussain, Jan Gulliksen, Catharina Gustavsson. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 17.08.2023.
|
|
