| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(author)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(author)
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Förundersökning rörande minskat näringsläckage från odlingar med frilandsgrönsaker i Skåne
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kväve (N) och fosfor (P) är två väsentliga faktorer bakom övergödningsproblematiken. Merparten av de svenska områdena med högt utsläpp av dessa ämnen ligger i södra Östersjön. Områdena kring den skånska kusten har klassats som särskilt känsliga områden. Samtidigt finns det mycket goda förutsättningar i Skåne för odling av kulturer med intensiva produktionsinsatser såsom frilandsgrönsaker. Odling av dessa kulturer förutsätter god tillgänglighet av näringsämnen, särskilt N, samt av vatten. Situationen i dessa kulturer är särskilt känslig i och med att många frilandsgrönsaker skördas i utvecklingsstadier med full tillväxt och då näringsupptaget är som störst. Det finns ett antal redskap för minskning av näringsläckage. Beräkning av växtnäringsbehovet och anpassning av gödslingen är två av dem. För att ytterligare komma tillrätta med problemet finns odlingsåtgärder såsom kvävemur, kalkfilter, reglerad dränering, uppsamling av vatten i dammar samt anläggning av våtmarker. Föreliggande rapport bygger på fallstudier i fem IP-odlingar i Skåne. Vi har utgått ifrån fält i fem pilotföretag med intensiva grönsaksväxtföljder i Skåne. De valda pilotföretagen ligger i vattendistrikten Södra Östersjön och Västerhavet. Pilotytorna varierade i storlek mellan 1 och 25 ha. Vi har analyserat förutsättningar för begränsning av näringsläckaget på pilotytorna ur ett biologiskt-teknologiskt och ekonomiskt perspektiv. I odlarintervjuer sållades möjliga åtgärder fram för begränsning av näringsläckaget på de givna platserna. De av odlarna prioriterade åtgärderna bedömdes sedan också ur ekonomiskt perspektiv. Åtgärder på fältnivå som befanns relevanta att utreda vidare var kalkfilter, kvävemur, våtmark, reglerad dränering, biologisk alvluckring/mullhaltsförbättring samt restaurering av vattendrag med hästskovåtmark samt dammar med fosforavskiljning, rötning av stallgödsel, full Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) samt bygga en bevattningsdamm. Åtgärder på kulturnivå var bättre behovsanpassning av N och P dels genom förändrade proportioner i NPK-mikro-gödselmedel och dels genom en lärandeprocess med experiment och uppföljning. För de tre företag som inte redan tillämpade radmyllning vid sådd/plantering, till de kulturer där det var möjligt, var detta en relevant åtgärd. Andra åtgärder var bortförsel av skörderester för rötning och In season-CTF, djupluckring efter sättning/plantering, djupluckring vid bäddläggning samt bevattningsramp med slang. Ett försök att skatta effekten av åtgärderna samt beräkna kostnaden per sparat kg näringsämne gjordes på respektive företag. För kvävereduktion fanns viss möjlighet tack vare ungefärliga utlakningsberäkningar gjorda med STANK. Växtnäringsläckaget varierar mycket från fält till fält, från årstid till årstid och från kultur till kultur. Åtgärder i enskilda företag borde bygga på mätningar och kunskap och förutsätter en individuell prövning. De vinster man gör är dels inbesparade gödselmedel, dels miljövinster i form av minskade utsläpp. Dessa besparingar ska sättas i relation till de ökade kostnader som uppkommer
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Gösta, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Annoyance and worry in a petrochemical industrial area - prevalence, time trends and risk indicators
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 10:4, s. 1418-1438
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: In 1992, 1998, and 2006, questionnaires were sent to stratified samples of residents aged 18–75 years living near petrochemical industries (n = 600–800 people on each occasion) and in a control area (n = 200–1,000). The aims were to estimate the long-term prevalence and change over time of annoyance caused by industrial odour, industrial noise, and worries about possible health effects, and to identify risk indicators. In 2006, 20% were annoyed by industrial odour, 27% by industrial noise (1–4% in the control area), and 40–50% were worried about health effects or industrial accidents (10–20% in the control area). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed significantly lower prevalence of odour annoyance in 1998 and 2006 than in 1992, while industrial noise annoyance increased significantly over time. The prevalence of worry remained constant. Risk of odour annoyance increased with female sex, worry of health effects, annoyance by motor vehicle exhausts and industrial noise. Industrial noise annoyance was associated with traffic noise annoyance and worry of health effects of traffic. Health-risk worry due to industrial air pollution was associated with female sex, having children, annoyance due to dust/soot in the air, and worry of traffic air pollution.
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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SBS descriptor profile groups of occupants and their association with psychological factors
- 1999
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In: Proceedings of Indoor Air '99, Edinburgh, Scotland, August 8-13, 1999. London: Construction Research Communications Ltd. ; 1, s. 870-872
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to identify groups of occupants with distinct descriptor profiles of sensory reactions in the eyes, upper airways and facial skin and to study the potential association between classes of such descriptor profiles and psychological factors. Occupants with similar descriptor profiles were grouped with the aid of cluster analysis. Five different distinct group profiles were found for each of the three target organs, however, a sensation of dryness characterized a major part of them (11 out of 15 descriptor group profiles). The psychological factors depression, anxiety, and somatization were found to be associated with the descriptor profile groups dominated by adverse descriptors in all target organs.
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| 5. |
- Blomdahl, Christina, et al.
(author)
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A realist review of art therapy for clients with depression
- 2013
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In: The arts in psychotherapy. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4556 .- 1873-5878. ; 40:3, s. 322-330
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Depression is a serious disease affecting an individual's entire life-situation, which can lead to great suffering and a reduced level of activity in everyday life. The aim of this study is to explore and describe how art therapy works regarding therapeutic factors, application, and circumstances for clients with depression. A systematic literature search of relevant databases was carried out to find articles concerning art therapy for depression, meeting criteria for reproducibility. This yielded 16 articles published in seven journals. The art therapy methods employed in each selected study were then examined and compared in order to understand the healing mechanism or mechanisms. These healing mechanisms are here termed “therapeutic factors”. The analysis resulted in eight therapeutic factors; self-exploration, self-expression, communication, understanding and explanation, integration, symbolic thinking, creativity, and sensory stimulation. No general conclusions could be drawn regarding circumstances, but the results indicate that art therapy can be performed successfully in a wide variety of clinical situations. The results were discussed in relation to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for depression.
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| 6. |
- Blomdahl, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Art therapy for patients with depression: expert opinions on its main aspects for clinical practice
- 2016
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In: Journal of Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8237 .- 1360-0567. ; 25:6, s. 527-535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Art therapy is based mainly on clinical experience and is rarely described and evaluated scientifically. There is a need for further exploration of its use in patients with depression. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore what experts consider to be the main aspects of art therapy in clinical practice for patients with depression. Method: Eighteen occupational therapists experienced and educated in art therapy participated. The experts answered three rounds of Delphi questionnaires and ranked their agreement with 74 assertions. Consensus was defined as 70% or higher. Results: The experts agreed more on assertions about theoretical frames of reference than about clinical practice. The main aspects of art therapy were agreed to be the patients’ opportunity to express themselves verbally and through making art. It was equally important that art tasks provided an opportunity to address depressive thoughts, feelings, life experiences, and physical symptoms. Conclusions: Experts in the field of art therapy considered that the main aspect of clinical practice in art therapy for patients with depression is that art themes should promote expression related to both to depression and personal history.
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| 7. |
- Clark, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Psychological restoration, coping strategies and children’s cognitive performance in the RANCH study
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 3-6 December, 2006, Paper no in06_090 (Available on CD). ; :Paper no in06_090
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The RANCH study found a linear exposure effect association between chronic aircraft noise exposure at primary school and the impairment of children’s reading comprehension, in the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. This paper presents multilevel modelling analyses, exploring psychological mechanisms, which may moderate the effect of aircraft noise on children’s cognition. Psychological restoration – the process whereby places which afford tranquility and relaxation are utilized to reduce stress and promote well being – has been shown to reduce the adverse effect of noise on children’s annoyance responses. This paper examines whether having places for psychological restoration at home, moderates the adverse effects of chronic aircraft noise exposure at school on children’s cognition. In addition, the effectiveness of coping strategies in relation to noise exposure at school are examined – are specific coping strategies associated with less impairment of cognition? Multi-level models examining the role of psychological restoration and coping strategies, as part of a broader model of environmental risk and protective factors for children’s cognition are presented. The implication of the findings for interventions for children attending noise exposed schools are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Clark, C, et al.
(author)
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Psychological restoration, coping strategies and children’s cognitive performance in the RANCH study : Paper 090.
- 2006
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In: Inter-Noise 2006.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The RANCH study found a linear exposure effect association between chronic aircraft noise exposure at primary school and the impairment of children’s reading comprehension, in the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. This paper presents multilevel modelling analyses, exploring psychological mechanisms, which may moderate the effect of aircraft noise on children’s cognition. Psychological restoration – the process whereby places which afford tranquillity and relaxation are utilized to reduce stress and promote well being – has been shown to reduce the adverse effect of noise on children’s annoyance responses. This paper examines whether having places for psychological restoration at home, moderates the adverse effects of chronic aircraft noise exposure at school on children’s cognition. In addition, the effectiveness of coping strategies in relation to noise exposure at school are examined – are specific coping strategies associated with less impairment of cognition?
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| 9. |
- Croy, Ilona, et al.
(author)
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Optimal questions for sleep in epidemiological studies: Comparisons of subjective and objective measures in laboratory and field studies
- 2017
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In: Behavioural Sleep Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1540-2002 .- 1540-2010. ; 15:6, s. 466-482
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epidemiological studies on sleep often use questionnaires, and measurement of validity provides necessary guidance in selection of valid single sleep questions. Twenty-five items assessing different aspects of sleep, including overall sleep quality, specific sleep parameters, nocturnal restoration, and exposure-related questions, were tested. This involved coherence with objective polysomnographic (PSG) laboratory measurements of sleep in 47 participants and application of selected items under field conditions in over 3,000 participants. Items on overall sleep quality correlated significantly with PSG data. For specific sleep parameter questions, tiredness in the morning, time to fall asleep, difficulties to sleep and estimated number of awakenings were correlated to PSG data. Questions asking specifically about the effect of potential sleep disturbances correlated poorly with PSG data, but showed highest effects between environmental exposure (noise and vibration) and control nights in the laboratory and highest correlation with the dose of exposure in the field. In conclusion, healthy participants seem to be able to access their sleep reliably; and sleep questions asking about specific sleep parameters can be recommended for the assessment of sleep.
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| 10. |
- de Kluizenaar, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Annoyance and disturbed sleep due to road traffic noise: The importance of the least exposed side - QSIDE
- 2013
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In: The 42nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering Inter-Noise 2013, 15-18 September, Innsbruck, Austria.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: In urban areas, road traffic noise is a dominant source of environmental noise and a major cause of noise annoyance and disturbed sleep. It has been hypothesized that respondents highly exposed to noise at multiple sides of their dwelling, may be expected to be worse off than respondents with the same exposure at the most exposed side, but also having a quiet side to their dwelling. Previous studies provide support for this hypothesis, however to date only a limited number of studies have investigated this hypothesis. There is a need for strengthening existing evidence, and for further quantification of the effects. Methods: Within the EU project QSIDE, the effect of the least exposed facade on annoyance and sleep response is studied in different EU cities in Sweden, Belgium and the Netherlands, including Gothenburg, Stockholm, Antwerp, Gent and Amsterdam. Results: In this paper we discuss the general picture arising from the outcome of these studies. We discuss what the implications may be for new situations (urban planning) and existing high exposure situations (noise abatement measures). Conclusion: The noise environment may be improved by taking into account the exposure levels, and promoting quietness, at the least exposed façade.
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| 11. |
- Egfors, Della, et al.
(author)
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Changes in Reported Symptoms Attributed to Office Environments in Sweden between 1995 and 2020
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-specific building-related symptoms (NBRSs) describe various symptoms in those affected. Questionnaires are the first step in investigating suspected NBRSs in office environments and have been used for over two decades. However, changes in reporting of symptoms among office workers over time are currently unknown. The overall aim was thus to investigate if reported symptoms and perceived causality to the office environment have changed during 25 years of using the MM 040 NA Office questionnaire. A cross-sectional study of 26,477 questionnaires from 1995-2020 was conducted, where 12 symptoms and perceived causality to office environment were examined using logistic regression analyses of 5-year groups adjusted for sex and atopy. Reporting trends in the year groups varied slightly among symptoms, but eight symptoms were statistically significant in the 2015-2020 group compared to the 1995-1999 group. Seven symptoms had increased: fatigue, heavy-feeling head, headache, difficulties concentrating, itchy/irritated eyes, congested/runny nose, and dry/red hands. One symptom decreased: hoarseness/dry throat. Perceived causality of symptoms to the office environment decreased to a statistically significant degree in 2015-2020 for 11 symptoms, and there was an overall trend of decreasing perceived causality throughout the year groups for most symptoms. The observed time trends suggest a need for up-to-date reference data, to keep up with changes in symptom reporting in office environments over time.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Modified Epitaxial Graphene on SiC for Extremely Sensitive andSelective Gas Sensors
- 2016
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In: Materials Science Forum. - : Trans Tech Publications Inc.. - 0255-5476 .- 1662-9752. ; 858, s. 1145-1148
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two-dimensional materials offer a unique platform for sensing where extremely high sensitivity is a priority, since even minimal chemical interaction causes noticeable changes inelectrical conductivity, which can be used for the sensor readout. However, the sensitivity has to becomplemented with selectivity, and, for many applications, improved response- and recovery times are needed. This has been addressed, for example, by combining graphene (for sensitivity) with metal/oxides (for selectivity) nanoparticles (NP). On the other hand, functionalization or modification of the graphene often results in poor reproducibility. In this study, we investigate thegas sensing performance of epitaxial graphene on SiC (EG/SiC) decorated with nanostructured metallic layers as well as metal-oxide nanoparticles deposited using scalable thin-film depositiontechniques, like hollow-cathode pulsed plasma sputtering. Under the right modification conditions the electronic properties of the surface remain those of graphene, while the surface chemistry can betuned to improve sensitivity, selectivity and speed of response to several gases relevant for airquality monitoring and control, such as nitrogen dioxide, benzene, and formaldehyde.
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| 13. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
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A full-scale intervention example of the quiet-side concept in a residential area exposed to road traffic noise: Effects on the perceived sound environment and general annoyance
- 2010
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In: 39th International Congress on Noise Control Engineering 2010, INTER-NOISE 2010; Lisbon; Portugal; 13 June 2010 through 16 June 2010. - 9781617823961 ; 3, s. 2468-2477
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The “quiet side concept” was tested in a full-scale intervention project in a residential area exposed to high sound levels from road traffic. Through new buildings that fill in gaps between buildings facing the highway, a considerable rebuilding of the dwellings and erection of a noise barrier, less noise-exposed courtyards and sides of the dwellings were created, although the definition for a “quiet side” (LAeq,24h <45 dB, free field value) was not reached. A longitudinal questionnaire study was conducted before (2004) and after (2009) the interventions. The results in the after-study 2009 show that noise levels, in general, were reduced with 5-10 dB at the most traffic exposed side and with 4-10 dB at the less noise exposed side (courtyards), general noise annoyance was decreased substantially, and the perceived sound environment indoors and outdoors was improved for three out of five investigated building sites. Although the implemented extensive interventions and the significantly lower noise levels, there were still a majority of the respondents in the residential area that perceived the outdoor environment as dominated by sounds from road traffic.
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| 14. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Attractive "quiet" courtyards: A potential modifier of urban residents' responses to road traffic noise?
- 2010
-
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - 1660-4601. ; 7:9, s. 3359-3375
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present paper explores the influence of the physical environmental qualities of “quiet” courtyards (degree of naturalness and utilization) on residents’ noise responses. A questionnaire study was conducted in urban residential areas with road-traffic noise exposure between LAeq,24h 58 to 68 dB at the most exposed façade. The dwellings had “quiet” indoor section/s and faced a “quiet” outdoor courtyard (LAeq,24h < 48 dB façade reflex included). Data were collected from 385 residents and four groups were formed based on sound-level categories (58–62 and 63–68 dB) and classification of the “quiet” courtyards into groups with low and high physical environmental quality. At both sound-level categories, the results indicate that access to high-quality “quiet” courtyards is associated with less noise annoyance and noise-disturbed outdoor activities among the residents. Compared to low-quality “quiet” courtyards, high-quality courtyards can function as an attractive restorative environment providing residents with a positive soundscape, opportunities for rest, relaxation and play as well as social relations that potentially reduce the adverse effects of noise. However, access to quietness and a high-quality courtyard can only compensate partly for high sound levels at façades facing the streets, thus, 16% and 29% were still noise annoyed at 58–62 and 63–68 dB, respectively. Implications of the “quiet”-side concept are discussed.
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| 15. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Comparative studies on railway and road traffic noise annoyances and the importance of number of trains
- 2011
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In: 11th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN), 24-28 July, 2011, London, UK.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Railway noise is perceived as less annoying than road traffic noise, both in terms of general annoyance and sleep disturbances according to dose-response relationships from meta-analyses. However, findings in recent years from Japanese studies show, unlike most European studies, that railway noise is perceived as more annoying than road traffic noise at sound levels >LAeq,24h 55 dB. This applies particularly to the Japanese Shinkansen express trains as well as conventional trains. Several of the Japanese studies have been done in areas with a very large number of trains (about 500-800 trains/day). In the present study, the following research questions were asked: How does a large number of trains affect noise annoyance and can the differences between Japanese studies (railway noise more annoying than road traffic noise) and European studies (railway noise less annoying than road traffic noise) in part be due to major differences in the number of trains? Socio-acoustic surveys (n=1689) were conducted in residential areas exposed to railway noise with different number of trains (124 trains/day vs. 481 trains/day) and road traffic noise (LAeq,24h 45-65 dB in all areas) The findings show that the number of trains/day, and not only the equivalent sound levels influence how railway noise is perceived. When the number of trains is very large, (481 trains/day), the proportion who are annoyed and report disturbed activities is significantly higher than in a situation with fewer trains (124 trains/day) at equal sound levels and in comparison to road traffic noise >LAeq,24h 55 dB.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Good sound environment in green areas modify road-traffic noise annoyance at home
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Noise Control 2009 (EURONOISE 2009). - uo : Curran Associates, Inc.. ; , s. 1579-1587
-
Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- There has been a growing recognition among noise researchers that natural elements and natural areas of the built environment have potentials to reduce annoyance due to traffic noise. It has been suggested that presence of vegetation (e.g., trees, bushes, grass, flowers) contributes to an aesthetically pleasing environment, which influence overall residential satisfaction and people?s perception of the noise. Other expected benefits of natural elements/areas are prevention or modification of adverse effects of work-, personal-, or environmental stress (e.g., noise) through restoration processes. Within the large TVANE-project, the present study examined the effect of green areas (park or similar at walking distance) on noise responses in residential settings (n=468) exposed to road traffic noise (LAeq,24h 45 to 65 dB). A binary multiple logistic regression analysis, with sound exposure as the prime variable assumed to predict general noise annoyance at home, indicated that presence of green areas, a closer distance to it from the subject?s home, and perceived green-area characteristics (good sound environment, high attractiveness and potentials for recreational activities) significantly lowered noise annoyance. The results suggest that the exposure-response relationship between noise and annoyance is influenced by access to nearby green areas provided that they have good environmental quality, particularly regarding the perceived sound environment
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Ljudlandskap för bättre hälsa. Resultat och slutsatser från ett multidisciplinärt forskningsprogram : Soundscape Support to Health. Final Report.
- 2008
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vikten av tillgång till goda ljudlandskap för vår hälsa och vårt välbefinnande, vad som kännetecknar sådana goda ljudlandskap, hur man mäter kvalitén och hur man åstadkommer goda ljudlandskap i och kring bostäder och i rekreationsområden har varit centrala frågor för forskningsprogrammet Ljudlandskap för bättre hälsa. Genom samarbetet mellan forskare inom miljömedicin, miljöpsykologi och akustik har programmet skapat förutsättningar för bred kunskapsutveckling och framtagning av helhetslösningar som i grunden baseras på påverkan av ljud/buller på hälsa och välbefinnande. De viktigaste resultaten finns sammanfattade i denna rapport som finns att ladda ned som en pdf-fil under www.ljudlandskap.acoustics.nu
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| 21. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Noise and general well-being in urban environments: The potential role of nearby natural areas
- 2005
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In: Proceedings from the Conference Life in the Urban Landscape, Göteborg, Chalmers 30 maj till 4 juni, 2005.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A growing body of literature indicates that contact with nature influence people’s health and psychological well-being both directly and by moderating processes. A questionnaire study was conducted in urban residential settings with high road-traffic noise exposure (LAeq,24h equal/higher than 60 to 68 dB). Out of 500 subjects, 367 lived in dwellings with access to a quiet side (free field LAeq,24h < 45 dB; “noise/quiet”-condition) and 133 had no access to a quiet side (“noise/noise”-condition). Previous results show that a quiet side of the dwelling influence subject’s responses to noise. The present paper examines whether nearby green natural areas further affects various aspects of general well-being in these two noise-condition groups. The results show that very good availability to nearby green areas is important for resident’s general well-being and daily behavior by reducing noise annoyances and increasing usage of spaces outdoors. In the process of planning health-promoting urban environments, it is essential to strive for lower sound levels (LAeq,24h < 60 dB), to design “noise-free” sections indoors and outdoors, as well as to provide easy access to nearby natural areas that can offer a positive sound environment, relief from environmental stress, and opportunities for rest and relaxation.
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| 22. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Noise and well-being in urban residential environments: The potential role of perceived availability to nearby green areas
- 2007
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In: Landscape and Urban Planning. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2046. ; Available online 10 May 2007
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A growing body of literature indicates that contact with nature influence people's health and psychological well-being both directly and by moderating processes. A questionnaire study was conducted in urban residential settings with high road-traffic noise exposure (LAeq, 24 h = 60–68 dB). Out of 500 residents, 367 lived in dwellings with access to a quiet side (LAeq, 24 h ≤ 45 dB free field value; “noise/quiet”-condition) and 133 had no access to a quiet side (“noise/noise”-condition). The present paper examines whether perceived availability to nearby green areas affects various aspects of well-being in these two noise-condition groups. For both those with and without access to a quiet side, the results show that “better” availability to nearby green areas is important for their well-being and daily behavior by reducing long-term noise annoyances and prevalence of stress-related psychosocial symptoms, and by increasing the use of spaces outdoors. In the process of planning health-promoting urban environments, it is essential to provide easy access to nearby green areas that can offer relief from environmental stress and opportunities for rest and relaxation, to strive for lower sound levels from road traffic, as well as to design “noise-free” sections indoors and outdoors.
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| 23. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Noise annoyance and restoration in different courtyard settings: Laboratory experiments on audio-visual interactions
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of Inter Noise 2007, Istanbul 28-31 August, Paper no IN07_117 (Available on CD)..
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Having access to restorative, natural environments in urban residential areas is important for health and wellbeing. However, previous research on restorative environments is mainly focused on the visual impression. Knowledge is needed on the interaction between the acoustic/perceived soundscape and the visual appearance in residential settings intended for restoration and recreation. The present study examines audio-visual interactions in two laboratory settings – an attractive vs. unattractive courtyard. At each courtyard setting, six sound conditions were presented in a randomised order during 4 minutes each: only sounds from road traffic at LAeq 43, 50 and 55 dB, and these traffic sound levels together with birdsong. 24 subjects (12 men, 12 women) participated in the experiment. The results indicate that visual courtyard perception, road traffic noise annoyance, perceived soundscape (e.g., soothing, stressing), emotional reactions, and possibilities to rest/relax were affected by courtyard setting, sound levels, and birdsong. For example, noise annoyance decreased with the attractive courtyard setting and presence of birdsong. However, about 35 to 50% and 75 to 90% were annoyed at 50 and 55 dB, respectively. At these sound levels, few of the participants reported that they would like to visit the courtyards, even if it was the attractive one.
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| 24. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Noise reduction by traffic diversion and a tunnel construction: Effects on health and well-being after opening of the Southern Link
- 2013
-
In: Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2013, 15-18 September, Innsbruck, Austria. ; , s. 1-10
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A large problem in urban areas is the increasing traffic causing congestion, noise and air pollution. In some cases, far-reaching interventions can drastically change the situation for the traffic exposed inhabitants. A step change in noise exposure can result in a change effect with an excess response of annoyance to the new exposure over that predicted from exposure-response curves for steady-state conditions. A longitudinal socio-acoustic survey was conducted to investigate changes in health and well-being after opening of Sweden's longest road tunnel – the Southern Link. A total of 658 people responded to a questionnaire both before and after the interventions (493 in the exposure area and 165 in the control area). Noise levels from road traffic in the exposure area ranged between LAeq, 24h 48 dB and 71 dB and noise annoyance was high. After the opening of the Southern Link, noise levels decreased by 3-17 dB in the exposure area and annoyance were reduced from 60 to 20 %. In the control area, limited changes in noise exposure occurred and annoyance was basically unchanged. A comparison with predicted annoyance for a steady-state situation indicated no change effect; however, for groups with a minor and a large change in noise levels, a potential change effect was seen.
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| 25. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
-
Noise responses before and after noise abatement measures in a residential intervention project
- 2015
-
In: Noise Control Engineering Journal. - : Institute of Noise Control Engineering (INCE). - 0736-2501. ; 63:3, s. 249-265
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a residential area exposed to road traffic noise a socio-acoustic longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the effects of a large intervention project on acoustical conditions and resident's noise responses. The paper presents results on general noise annoyance, noise disturbed activities and perceptions of the sound environment in relation to obtained noise levels before and after the interventions. The most comprehensive abatement measures implemented were construction of new buildings that filled in gaps between buildings facing the highway and erection of a noise barrier to create less noise-exposed court- yards and sides of the dwellings. One building site had a considerable renovation, such as installation of new windows, glazed-in balconies, and an upgrading to two-sided flats with windows facing the quieter courtyard. Overall in the resi- dential area, noise levels were reduced with 5–10 dB at the most traffic exposed side and with 4–10 dB at the less noise exposed side. General noise annoyance and sleep disturbances decreased substantially and the perceived sound environ- ment indoors and outdoors was improved for a majority of the investigated building sites. Through the successful combination of measures taken in the res- idential area, we obtained significant positive effects; however, measures to fur- ther reduce the negative impacts of noise on health and well-being and to improve the sound environment are needed and suggested.
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| 26. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
-
Olägenheter till följd av petrokemisk industri i Stenungsund 2012
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I Stenungsund finns en stor del av Sveriges petrokemiska industri och en fortsatt utbyggnad planeras i framtiden. Flera enkätstudier har gjorts, bl.a. av besvär i form av lukt och buller. Resultat från den senaste undersökningen (2006) visade att cirka var fjärde av de boende nära industrierna störs av industrilukt och ungefär lika många av industribuller. Många rapporterar oro för hälsoeffekter till följd av utsläpp i luften eller till följd av olyckor. Vi har nu gjort uppföljningar där syftet är att med enkäter och intervjuer få bättre kunskap om detta. Denna rapport redovisar resultatet från enkätstudien. En postenkät skickades ut till 358 slumpvis valda personer i Stenungsund (”norr” och ”mitt”) samt i Ödsmåls tätort. Den besvarades av 52 % med en medelålder av cirka 55 år. Enkäten innehöll frågor om bl.a. bostad och boendemiljö, olägenheter i miljön och hur mycket man oroades av dessa. Majoriteten trivs mycket bra med bostadsområdet men störningar av buller är vanligt. Andelen störda (ganska mycket, mycket eller oerhört mycket störda) av buller från industrin är högst i Ödsmål (32 %), som ligger i den förhärskande vindriktningen från industriområden, och i norra Stenungsund (27 %) och lägst i Stenungsund mitt (19 %). Få är störda av lukt från industrin (ca 10 %). De som angav att industrin syns från bostaden var mer störda av både buller och lukt. Störningarna innebar störd avkoppling och sömnkvalitet. Andelen störda av buller och lukt var lägre än 2006, men frågorna skiljer sig något mellan de två undersökningarna, vilket kan ha påverkat utfallet. Möjligen har minskad fackling lett till minskad andel bullerstörda. Andelen bullerstörda är ändå hög och åtgärder för att minska eller skydda mot bullret från fackling och lågfrekvent buller från kompressorer, ventilation och andra bullerkällor är önskvärda. Minskningen av andelen luktstörda skulle kunna bero på minskade utsläpp av luktande ämnen, men vi har inga uppgifter om detta. Oro för hälsopåverkan (ibland/periodvis eller mera ofta) av luftföroreningar från industrin är störst i Ödsmål (48 %) och i norra Stenungsund (44 %). I dessa områden är även flest oroliga för olyckshändelser i samband med industriell verksamhet (51 och 46 %, respektive). De som tydligt ser industrin från eller nära bostaden var betydligt mer oroade för hälsopåverkan av luftföroreningar från industrin och industriolyckor (61 %) än de som inte ser den. De som var anställda i industrin var något mindre oroade. Den totala andelen oroade var ungefär densamma som år 2006. Det fanns ett samband mellan oro och irritation och stress. Cirka 5 % oroas dagligen eller nästan dagligen vilket sannolikt innebär en försämrad livskvalitet. Oron beror sannolikt på både objektiva och subjektiva faktorer. Objektiva faktorer är faktiska utsläpp av potentiellt hälsofarliga ämnen och att det finns en möjlig risk för olyckor med stora konsekvenser för de boende. Subjektiva faktorer som kan påverka oron är diskussioner i massmedia kring effekter på miljön och hälsa, bristande kunskap och information om eller misstro mot industrins verksamhet. Oro för industriell verksamhet minskar i allmänhet vid öppenhet, ökad information och kontakt med befolkningen.
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| 27. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
-
Railway noise annoyance and the importance of number of trains, ground vibration, and building situational factors
- 2012
-
In: Noise & Health. - : Medknow. - 1463-1741. ; 14:59, s. 190-201
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Internationally accepted exposure-response relationships show that railway noise causes less annoyance than road traffic and aircraft noise. Railway transport, both passenger and freight transport, is increasing, and new railway lines are planned for environmental reasons. The combination of more frequent railway traffic and faster and heavier trains will, most probably, lead to more disturbances from railway traffic in the near future. To effectively plan for mitigations against noise and vibration from railway traffic, new studies are needed to obtain a better basis of knowledge. The main objectives of the present study was to investigate how the relationship between noise levels from railway traffic and general annoyance is influenced by (i) number of trains, (ii) the presence of ground borne vibrations, and (iii) building situational factors, such as orientation of balcony/patio and bedroom window. Socio-acoustic field studies were executed in residential areas; (1) with relatively intense railway traffic; (2) with strong vibrations, and; (3) with the most intense railway traffic in the country. Data was obtained for 1695 respondents exposed to sound levels ranging from LAeq,24h 45 to 65 dB. Both number of trains and presence of ground-borne vibrations, and not just the noise level per se, are of relevance for how annoying railway noise is perceived. The results imply that, for the proportion annoyed to be equal, a 5 - 7 dB lower noise level is needed in areas where the railway traffic causes strong ground-borne vibrations and in areas with a very large number of trains. General noise annoyance was twice as high among residents in dwellings with balcony / patio oriented towards the railway and about 1.5 times higher among residents with bedroom windows facing the railway.
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| 28. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
-
The effect of creating a quiet side on annoyance and sleep disturbances due to road traffic noise
- 2012
-
In: Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2012, August 19-22 2012, New York, USA.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is growing evidence that having access to a quiet side of a dwelling reduces the harmful effects of road traffic noise on health and wellbeing. One measure to create a quiet side in existing noise-exposed residential areas is to erect shielding buildings that fill existing gaps through which road traffic noise penetrates. Within the EU-financed project QSIDE, we investigated the effect of this type of measure on the acoustical conditions and resident’s noise responses in a socio-acoustic intervention study. Results on sound levels, road traffic noise induced annoyance and sleep disturbances, as well as the perceived sound environment before and after the creation of a quiet side are presented in relation to results from previous similar studies. The implication for guidelines and sustainable goals related to public health, urban noise policy and urban development plans are discussed.
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| 29. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
-
The effectiveness of quiet asphalt and earth berm in reducing annoyances due to road traffic noise in residential areas
- 2008
-
In: Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, 2008, Foxwoods, CT, USA: ICBEN 2008. (Available on CD)..
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examines noise annoyances before (2005) and after (2007) abatement measures in three quarters of a residential area located closed to a highly traffiked road. Sound levels year 2005 ranged between approx. LAeq24h 60 – 71 dB, 59 – 69 dB, and 58 – 66 dB in quarter A, B, and C, respectively. Type of abatement measures were application of quiet asphalt (2-Layered Porous Asphalt) (A) and 2-Layered Porous Asphalt combined with erection of an earth berm (B). In quarter C, residential buildings were located at a right angle towards the traffiked road and was therefore mainly affected by the quiet asphalt, but to a lesser degree. Traffic from a local road contributed here with noise. Sound levels in quarter A, B, and C were reduced in year 2007 by ≈ 5.5, 6.5, and 4 dB, respectively. Results indicate that quiet asphalt had no or a negative (increasing) effect on annoyances in quarter A and C, but the combination of quiet asphalt+earth berm significantly decreased annoyances in quarter B. High expectations about the effectiveness of abatement measures in creating a better sound environment indoors and outdoors may have influenced the results.
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| 30. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(author)
-
The influence of courtyard quality on annoyance and general well-being in noise-exposed urban residential areas.
- 2005
-
In: Proceedings from Inter Noise 2005, Rio de Janeiro 6-10 August, 2005.. ; Available on CD:Paper no 1570
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Noise has documented adverse health effects, however, psychological processes and moderating factors influence the relationship between noise and health outcomes. Research on restorative environments suggests that certain environments provide high quality restorative experiences that may act as moderators of adverse conditions. A questionnaire study was conducted in urban residential areas with road-traffic noise exposure between LAeq, 24h 58 to 68 dB at the most exposed façade. The dwellings had “quiet” indoor section/s and faced a “quiet” outdoor courtyard (LAeq, 24h < 45 dB). The present paper examines the physical environmental quality of the “quiet” courtyards (PEQC) and explores the effect of PEQC on health and well-being. Data were collected from 358 residents (18 to 75 years of age) and four groups were formed based on sound-level categories (58-62 and 63-68 dB) and PEQC classification (low and high). At both sound-level categories, the results indicated that high PEQC-classified “quiet” courtyards provided opportunities for rest and relaxation, which may have moderated the effects of noise with regard to less noise annoyance and noise-disturbed outdoor activities. However, due to high sound levels at the trafficked side of the dwelling, a “quiet” indoor section and a high PEQC-classified “quiet” courtyard could not counterbalance completely the adverse health effects of noise. Thus, 17 and 28 % were still noise annoyed at 58-62 and 63-68 dB, respectively.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Guamán, Victor, et al.
(author)
-
Short time effects of biological and inter-row subsoiling on yield of potatoes grown on a loamy sand, and on soil penetration resistance, root growth and nitrogen uptake
- 2016
-
In: European Journal of Agronomy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1161-0301 .- 1873-7331. ; 80, s. 55-65
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Soil compaction, especially subsoil compaction, in agricultural fields has increased due to widespread use of heavy machines and intensification of vehicular traffic. Subsoil compaction changes the relative distribution of roots between soil layers and may restrict root development to the upper part of the soil profile, limiting water and mineral availability. This study investigated the direct effects of inter-row subsoiling, biological subsoiling and a combination of these two methods on soil penetration resistance, root length density, nitrogen uptake and yield. In field experiments with potatoes in 2013 and 2014, inter-row subsoiling (subsoiler) and biological subsoiling (preceding crops) were studied as two potential methods to reduce soil penetration resistance. Inter-row subsoiling was carried out post planting and the preceding crops were established one year, or in one case two years, prior to planting. Soil resistance was determined with a penetrometer three weeks after the potatoes were planted and root length density was measured after soil core sampling 2 months after emergence. Nitrogen uptake was determined in haulm (at haulm killing) and tubers (at harvest). Inter-row subsoiling had the greatest effect on soil penetration resistance, whereas biological subsoiling showed no effects. Root length density (RDL) in the combined treatment was higher than in the separate inter-row and biological subsoiling treatments and the control, whereas for the separate inter-row and biological subsoiling treatments, RLD was higher than in the control. Nitrogen uptake increased with inter-row subsoiling and was significantly higher than in the biological subsoiling and control treatments. However, in these experiments with a good supply of nutrients and water, no yield differences between any treatments were observed. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Gunnarsson, Anita, et al.
(author)
-
Biodigestion of Plant material Can Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency in a Red Beet Crop Sequence
- 2011
-
In: Hortscience. - : American Society for Horticultural Sciences. - 0018-5345 .- 2327-9834. ; 46:5, s. 765-775
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nitrogen (N) tied up in or lost from decomposing biomass decreases the residual N effects of green manure and of other crop residues. During anaerobic degradation in a biogas digestor (biodigestion), N mineralization takes place under conditions in which losses can be kept to a minimum. Therefore, biodigestion of green manure biomass and beet foliage was tested to generate readily available N and compared with a direct green manure fertilization system. The effluent was applied as fertilizer in field experiments on a sandy soil as a tool for improving N supply for an organic farming system. Data from the field experiments were used for simulating the amount of net inorganic N equivalents (inorganic N equivalents from effluent plus inorganic N equivalents from pre-crops) in three crop sequences: A) green manure ley, red beets, winter rye; B) harvested ley, red beets, winter rye; and C) harvested ley, spring barley, red beets in which (B) and (C) represented biogas nutrient management systems and (A) a green manure system. When all available effluent from biogas production from 1 ha of grass–clover ley with two or three harvests (2H-ley or 3H-ley) and one hectare of beet foliage was used as a fertilizer for red beets (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva Alef) after barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the yield of marketable red beets increased by 5.7 Mg·ha–1 (33%) with effluent from 2H-ley and beet foliage and 9.1 Mg·ha–1 (53%) with effluent from 3H-ley and beet foliage compared with red beets grown without effluent fertilization after a green manure ley. When total dry matter production was taken into account, the advantage for the BG systems with 2H- and 3H-ley was 15% and 28%, respectively. The nitrate concentration in the red beets was not higher with effluent supplied at this level than with green manure as the only N source. The simulated amount of net inorganic N equivalents was 128 kg N for the whole of crop sequence (C) with 1 ha of each crop and where effluent supply to red beets was based on digested biomass in ley and beet tops. The corresponding amount of net inorganic N equivalents for the green manure crop sequence (A), in which no effluent was supplied, was 73 kg N. Unused soil mineral N (0- to 90-cm depth) at red beet harvest indicated that the risk of leaching in BG systems was lower than in GrM systems (88, 76, and 61 kg Nmin/ha left after unmanured beets after Gr-M-ley, low manured beets after 3H-ley and high manured beets after barley, respectively). Effluent fertilization of red beets directly after 2H- and 3H-ley gave unexpectedly low yield responses compared with red beets after barley. The reasons may be the result of nutritional imbalance of other nutrients than N or may be plant pathological in nature. The conclusion is that a nutrient management system with biodigestion can increase net inorganic N equivalents and reduce risk for N leaching, but inappropriate use of the effluent, i.e., at an unsuitable point in the crop rotation, may negate the benefits.
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| 36. |
- Gunnarsson, Anita, et al.
(author)
-
Liming alkaline clay soils: effects on soil structure, nutrients, barley growth and yield
- 2022
-
In: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil and Plant Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4710 .- 1651-1913. ; 72, s. 803-817
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Liming before cultivation of sugar beets is favourable even on alkaline soils but knowledge of response in other crops is lacking. Therefore, effects of ground limestone (GL) and structure lime (SL1 slaked lime or SL2 mix of ground limestone and slaked lime) were evaluated in southern Sweden on soil structure, growth and nutrient concentration in barley under four fertilisation strategies 1.5–2 years after application. All lime products increased aggregate stability, but with variations between locations. A lower proportion of large aggregates was found in both limed treatments, and a higher proportion of small aggregates in SL. In barley, grain yield was unaffected while shoot numbers and biomass in first node stage increased for GL and biomass increased further for SL. Structure lime increased potassium concentration in plants in first node stage, due to more potassium in the product. Both lime types increased molybdenum concentration. Ground limestone reduced zinc concentration compared with no liming. Finer seedbed tilth and increased aggregate stability may explain increased biomass for GL. Higher potassium content in SL might be a further explanation. No interactions between liming and fertilisation were found. In conclusion, on the soil types studied, no change of fertilisation strategy is needed due to liming.
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| 37. |
- Gunnarsson, Anita, et al.
(author)
-
Ny modell för utveckling inom svensk potatisproduktion : slutrapport för tillväxtfondens projekt nr 95 samt Tillväxt Trädgård Skåne projekt nr 2014-0004
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med projektet var att få till stånd en regional Erfa-DDU-grupp i Västskåne där Erfa står för erfarenhetsutbyte och DDU står för DeltagarDrivenUtveckling. Syftet med sådana grupper är att effektivisera svensk potatisodling genom att öka kopplingen mellan forskning, utveckling, odling och rådgivning. Målen formulerades som fem punkter innefattande långsiktighet, gemenskap,förbättrad kontroll över informationsflöden, ökad självtillit, ökad grad av tillämpning, vidareutveckling och/eller bortsållning av ny teknik, ökad effekt av allmänrådgivning och massinformation. Ett antal mätbara indikatorer formulerades för att följa upp målen. En grupp med industripotatisodlare har arbetat inom ramen för detta projekt under 2013 och 2014. Träffarna har följt faserna för kontinuerligt lärande med återkommande cykler av sök-, planerings-, genomförande och utvärderingsfaser. Enkla odlarexperiment genomfördes i 15 fält (rörande K-gödsling, djupluckring, radmyllning och mellangrödor). Därtill provades markfuktssensorer och en prognosmodell för bevattningsbehov samt bladskaftsanalys för att skapa en tidsserie av N- och K-innehållet i bladsaften. Resultat från odlarexperiment har tillsammans med ”vanliga” erfarenheter från årets odling legat till grund för dialog inom gruppen vid årets sista träff. I en utvärdering uppgav deltagarna att de i medeltal hade funnit 2,8 åtgärder/gård som de provat och 2,9 som de börjat reflektera över sedan de gick med i Erfa-DDU – alltså sammanlagt 5,7 åtgärder per gård. Av åtgärderna klassades 51 % som en åtgärd som säkert eller troligen skulle komma att tillämpas fortsättningsvis eller inom några år, 31 % behövde utvärderas mera, 9 % utvecklas mera och 9 % klassades som ”åtgärden är inte intressant för mig”. Andelen deltagare som provade något nytt var 80 % och ökade från 2013 till 2014. Det deltagarna värdesatte mest i projektet var: utbyte av erfarenheter; hjälp att utvärdera experiment; utbyte med Hushållningssällskapet, Lyckeby Starch och SLU; att det görs något i fält med följande återkoppling; att hela biten är med från teori till praktik; att få reda på om ny teknik (t ex om markfuktsmätning etc.); erfarenhetsutbyte på detaljnivå; att få materialet i skrift: både odlingsjournaler och experimentresultat; att ge forskare möjlighet att vara med ibland: inte bara för att dela med sig av sin kunskap utan även för att få möjlighet att vara med i gruppdialogen kring sitt intresseområde. Flera punkter i deltagarnas listning av vad som var de viktigaste komponenterna i arbetssättet pekar på att arbetssättet gett en ökad känsla av kontroll över informationsflödet. Erfa-DDU-verksamheten tycks genom sin metodologi med en kombination av teori och praktiska enkla odlarexperiment på deltagarnas villkor, ha verkat i önskad riktning dvs. stimulerat till att öka graden av tillämpning, sållat bort förslag som inte var relevanta för det enskilda företaget samt stimulerat till vidareutveckling av idéer. Projektets mål har i huvudsak uppnåtts och det finns ett intresse bland deltagarna att fortsätta verksamheten. Vi hoppas att Erfa-DDU som arbetsätt i framtiden ska ses som en naturlig plattform för kontinuerlig kunskapsutveckling kring potatisodling. Om detta ska bli möjligt krävs en hållbar finansiering - finansering genom odlaravgifter är inte tillräcklig. Projektet är kopplat till det större SLF-finansierade forskningsprojektet BoT-A (Biologi och Biologi och Teknik för förbättrad markanvändning i potatisodling – Aktörssamverkan – för hållbar kunskapsutveckling). Lyckeby Starch har varit föregångare genom att våga satsa på det nya arbetssättet och har haft fem Erfa-DDU-grupper igång sedan 2009-2010. Hela verksamheten kommer att utvärderas ur ett samhällsvetenskapligt perspektiv av SLU’s nya kompetenscentrum för rådgivning (KCR) i Skara.
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| 38. |
- Gunnarsson, Anita
(author)
-
Plant-based biogas production for improved nutrient management of beetroot in stockless organic farming
- 2012
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Transition from a nutrient management system based on green manure (GrM system) to one based on biodigested plant material produced within the crop rotation (BG system) was investigated in crop sequences including clover-grass, beetroot and cereals. The overall hypothesis was that transition would improve nitrogen (N) availability. In field experiments on sandy soil, harvested clover-grass ley had lower N content in clover and biomass produced than GrM-ley. The residual N effect of clover-grass ley harvested twice (2H) or three times (3H) was 42 and 74 kg N ha-1 less than that of GrM-ley considering uptake in beetroot and mineral N in soil at harvest. Expressed as inorganic fertiliser equivalents the reduction was 52 and 80 kg N ha-1, respectively. Net inorganic N equivalents (from effluent plus pre-crops) were simulated for three crop sequences: (A) green manure ley, beetroot, winter rye; (B) harvested ley, beetroot, winter rye; and (C) harvested ley, spring barley, beetroot, where B and C represented BG systems and A a GrM system. For three hectares with the entire crop sequence A, B and C, net inorganic N equivalents were 73, 74 and 128 kg N, respectively. Net inorganic N equivalents in BG systems with 2H- and 3H-ley did not differ significantly. When the whole increase in net inorganic N equivalents was used for beetroot following barley, marketable beetroot yield increased by 1.7 Mg ha-1 (12%) in the BG system with 2H-ley and by 5.8 Mg ha-1 (34%) with 3H-ley compared with beetroot grown without digestate fertilisation following a GrM-ley. Fertilisation with a moderate level of effluent of beetroot directly following harvested ley gave unexpectedly low yield responses. Compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) using norms derived from aeroponic experiments with 22 treatments with dynamic nutrient supply and partial least squares (PLS) were synonymous in showing K as more growth-limiting than N at early growth stages. Growth limitation was more severe in effluent-fertilised beetroot following harvested ley than following barley. Pot experiments showed an apparent net mineralisation of organically bound N in digestate of 12%. The overall conclusion was that a BG system can greatly improve N efficiency. However, as the nutrient buffering capacity in sandy soil is low, inappropriate use of the effluent, e.g. at an unsuitable point in the crop rotation, can negate the N efficiency benefits.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Gunnarsson, Anita, et al.
(author)
-
Use efficiency of nitrogen from biodigested plant material by ryegrass
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. - : Wiley. - 1436-8730 .- 1522-2624. ; 173, s. 113-119
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Apparent nitrogen-use efficiency of the applied mineral N (NUE(min)) in effluent from biodigested plant material (BE; C : N(org) ratio 14:1; mineral N-to-total N ratio 0.5:1) and a nitrate-based inorganic fertilizer (IF), both applied at two rates was investigated in a six-month pot experiment with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Dry-matter (DM) production was 7% lower and total amount of N in aboveground biomass was 8% lower in BE than in IF at 40 d after sowing (DAS), equal at 81 DAS, and higher in BE than in IF at 136 and 172 DAS. NUE(min) calculated on the basis of accumulated N in aboveground biomass of ryegrass in fertilized treatments compared to a control without N application was significantly lower in BE than in IF up to the third cut (136 DAS). Total NUE(min), total N recovery, and amount of foliage DM were similar for both fertilizers at the end of the experiment. Root biomass, total DM produced including roots and stubble, the fraction of root N to total plant N, and soil mineral N at 172 DAS were higher for BE than for IF. Mineral N applied with biogas-reactor effluent was almost as effective as the nitrate-based mineral fertilizer used for comparison. Within the six-month experimental period net N mineralization, estimated at 12% of organic N in effluent, was not substantial. Hence, the organic compounds in the effluent were relatively recalcitrant.
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| 41. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, et al.
(author)
-
Sustainable enhancement in clients who perceive the Tree Theme Method (R) as a positive intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy
- 2013
-
In: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 60:3, s. 154-160
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/aim: The Tree Theme Method® is an intervention based on creative activities and occupational storytelling. The Tree Theme Method® implies that the clients draw and paint trees symbolising various periods in their life. The pictures are then used as a starting point to tell their life story to enhance their wellbeing and management of their everyday life. This study aimed to evaluate if changes observed among clients regarding their wellbeing and everyday occupations, between baseline and the end of their term of the Tree Theme Method® therapy, persisted three years after the completion of the intervention.Methods: This study had a quantitative design. Thirty-one former clients were recruited to a follow-up three years after completing the intervention. Self-rating questionnaires were used regarding psychological symptoms, self-mastery, sense of coherence, activity level, occupational performance and satisfaction with occupational performance. Non-parametric methods were used for the data analysis.Results: The findings revealed positive significant changes regarding sense of coherence and occupational performance and satisfaction with occupational performance, measured between the end of the intervention and at the time of the three-year follow-up. Furthermore, the respondents' ratings regarding psychological symptoms, self-mastery, activity level and the extent of satisfaction with performed occupations were found to be stable.Conclusions: The Tree Theme Method® appeared to function well as an intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy, where the aim was that a client would enhance their wellbeing and management of their everyday life. However, there is need for further evaluation to assess the effects of the Tree Theme Method® intervention.
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| 42. |
- Haby, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Efterredskap till plog för jämnare uppkomst i sockerbetor
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Team 20/20 är en deltagardriven forskningsgrupp som tillämpat PLA- metodologi (Participatory Learning and Action) som forskningsredskap sedan 2003. I ett led att nå deras långsiktiga mål med en perfekt såbädd och etablering av sockerbetor med en tung bearbetning och en såbäddsharvning (benämnt 1+1-konceptet), önskade gruppen vidareutveckla samt prova efterredskap till plog. Lantbrukarna på försöksgårdarna, som alla är deltagare i Team 20/20, (12-28 % lerhalt, vilket täcker in minst 50 % av lerhalterna för landets betodling) bedömer att höstharvning, förutom att det ger en extra överfart, ger oönskade körspår. De vanliga tiltpackarna som finns på marknaden innebär en risk, på dessa jordar, att skapa en alltför tät jord bl.a. med försenad upptorkning som konsekvens. Det primära funktionskravet på efterredskapet är att jämna ut jorden på hösten så att det inte blir djupa hålor i jorden (hargömmor), vilka senare fylls igen med torr jord vid vårharvning och därmed leder till en senare uppkomst (resulterar i s.k. pellar). En väl utförd höstutjämning är avgörande för ett toppresultat vid såbäddsberedningen eftersom många harvningar på våren, på den aktuella jordtypen, inte helt kan rätta till om jorden är ojämn efter höstbruket. Idén var att skapa ett efterredskap till plogen med större flexibilitet och som skulle vara kraftfullare än de på marknaden befintliga och inte trycka till jorden såsom tiltpackare gör. En av försöksvärdarna vidareutvecklade därför inom projektet en prototyp, Albom I, som tagits fram i ett utvecklingsprojekt vid Alstedgaard (Nordic Beet Research). Syftet med vidareutveckling och provning av efterredskapet var (i) att utreda om de provade efterredskapen till plogen gav förbättrad etablering av plantbeståndet utan att försena upptorkningen på våren – utan (delförsök A) eller med (delförsök B) en minskning av antalet vårbruksharvningar från 2 till 1, (ii) att utreda åtgärdernas effekt på tidig tillväxt, (iii) att genom mätningar av markfaktorer finna förklaringar till uppmätta eller uteblivna effekter, (iv) att genom att försöken placeras på olika gårdar (olika jord och väder) undersöka om det fanns samspel mellan behandling och plats (inom år). Försöken låg på tre platser hos odlare från Team 20/20. Försöken hade tre led med 6 block och 2 varianter (delförsök A och B): Led 1. Gårdens egen strategi (GES) utan efterredskap Led 2. Albomharv, version 2 (efterredskap) Led 3. Wekeas Tilt-Skärare (efterredskap) I delförsök A utfördes lika många harvningar i alla led på våren. Delförsök B utgjorde ”1+1-konceptet” i led 2 (Albom) och 3 (Tilt-Skär), dvs. där fick bara en harvning göras, vid så optimal tidpunkt som möjligt. Odlarnas egen fingertoppskänsla fick styra antalet harvningar i led 1 (GES). Led 1 (GES) behandlades lika i delförsök A och B. På alla gårdar, både vid mätning höst och vår, gav Albom jämnast fält (minst skillnad mellan högsta och lägsta punkten på markytan), därefter Tilt-skäraren och störst variation var det i gårdens egen strategi (dvs. där det enbart var plöjt). Detta stämmer väl överens med vad som visuellt kunde iakttas i försöken. Resultat från alla gårdar sammanslaget visar att Albom gav en signifikant jämnare markyta både på hösten och våren, än enbart plöjning. Skillnaderna kunde dock inte återfinnas under växtsäsongen och på plantmaterialet. Detta är dock endast resultat från ett enda års försök, ett år med en extremt torr höst som gav inget eller mycket litet behov av att jämna tiltorna på hösten. För att verkligen kunna utvärdera effekterna av efterredskapen skulle fler års försök behövas. Projektgruppen ser fortfarande en potential i efterredskapet Albom under mer normala år än denna ovanligt torra försökshöst. Vi fick inte någon signifikant skillnad för varken plantantal, antalet pellar (senare uppkomna betor), andel pellar eller för plantvikt i delförsök B där vi harvat en gång mindre i led med efterredskap. Det skulle kunna tyda på att med hjälp av efterredskap som kopplas på plogen så kan lantbrukaren spara en överfart med harv under det stressiga vårbruket. Avsaknad av signifikanta skillnader mellan plantantal, antal och andel pellar samt plantvikt för led 1, 2 och 3 i delförsök A visar att det detta år, under en mycket torr höst, inte gav någon extra effekt att komplettera den ordinarie bearbetningen med ett efterredskap. Tre och ett halvt år efter att försöken avslutades är lantbrukaren som byggde Albom version 2 fortfarande mycket nöjd med redskapet och använder det alltid vid plöjning i sin växtodling, utom när det är för vått.
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- Jansson, Inger, et al.
(author)
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Problem-based self-care groups versus cognitive behavioural therapy for persons on sick leave due to common mental disorders : A randomised controlled study
- 2015
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In: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 25:1, s. 127-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose To evaluate the interventional capacity of problem based method groups (PBM) regarding mental health and work ability compared to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for persons on sick leave due to common mental disorders. Methods In a randomised controlled design the experimental group received PBM and the control group received CBT. Outcomes were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Stress and Crisis Inventory 93 (SCI-93) and the Dialogue about Working Ability instrument (DOA). Results Twenty-two participants in the PBM group and 28 in the CBT group completed intervention. Both groups showed significant lower scores on the two HADS subscales. Regarding stress the PBM group showed significant decrease in one (out of three) subscales of SCI-93. The CBT group showed significant decrease on all subscales of SCI-93. Regarding work ability the PBM group showed significant higher scores on one of five subscales of DOA. The CBT group showed significant higher scores on four of five subscales of DOA. Between groups there were significant differences to the favour of CBT on one of two subscales of HADS, all three subscales of SCI-93 and on two of the five subscales of DOA. Conclusion PBM seem to be able to reduce anxiety- and depression symptoms. CBT showed to be superior to PBM in reducing symptoms in all aspects of mental health, except for anxiety, in which they seem equally effective. Regarding work ability CBT showed to be superior, with significant effect on more aspects compared to PBM.
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| 46. |
- Jansson, Inger, et al.
(author)
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The concept of ‘work ability’ from the view point of employers
- 2014
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In: Scientific knowledge and good practice in insurance medicine and social security. - Stockholm : The European Union of Medicine in Assurance and Social Security (EUMASS). - 9789175003818 ; , s. 137-138
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 47. |
- Jansson, Inger, et al.
(author)
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The concept of 'work ability' from the view point of employers
- 2015
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In: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 52:1, s. 153-167
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Since work ability is manifested in working life and "bought" by employers, employers perceptions of the concept are important to understand. Studies have shown that people with health problems want to take part in the labour market, but experience difficulties in gaining access. Additionally, studies have demonstrated the doubt felt by employers when they consider hiring a person with a disability.OBJECTIVE: The aim was to identify and characterise employers' conceptions of work ability.METHODS: The study design was qualitative with a phenomenographic approach. Six male and six female employers from various workplaces and geographical areas in Sweden were interviewed.RESULTS: Three domains were identified: employees' contributions to work ability, employers' contributions to work ability and circumstances with limited work ability. Work ability was regarded as a tool in production and its output, production, was the main issue. The employees' commitment and interest could bridge other shortcomings.CONCLUSIONS: The employers highlighted their own contributions in shaping work ability in order to fit with work circumstances. Health problems were not the only limiting issues; other circumstances, such as individual characteristics and contextual factors, could limit work ability too. Knowing the importance of commitment and interest is valuable in work rehabilitation.
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| 48. |
- Jansson, Inger, et al.
(author)
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Work and everyday activities : Experiences from two interventions addressing people with common mental disorders
- 2014
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:4, s. 295-304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Lengthy sick leave makes demands on work ability enhancing interventions in primary health care. Problem-based method (PBM) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are interventions aimed at people with common mental disorders. This study aimed to describe how individuals experienced interventions and the impact the interventions had on the individuals' ability to work and perform other everyday activities. Method: Fourteen women and two men, eight each from two interventions, were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis revealed one overarching theme: "Reaching safe ground or continuing to seek help". Four categories were identified: "From being passive to making one's own efforts in the rehabilitation process", "Being stuck on a treadmill or daring to change", "Evolving from routine to more aware behaviour", and "Fitting in or not fitting in with workplace situations". Conclusions: According to the participants, experiences from both PBM and CBT had a positive impact on their ability to work and perform other everyday activities in a more sustainable way. Reflecting on behaviour and achieving limiting strategies were perceived as helpful in both interventions, although varying abilities to incorporate strategies were described. In general, the results support the use of active coping-developing interventions rather than passive treatments.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Kamp, Irene van, et al.
(author)
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The Effects of Noise Disturbed Sleep in Children on Cognitive Development and Long Term Health
- 2015
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In: Journal of Child Adolescent Behavior. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2375-4494. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Undisturbed sleep is essential for physiological and psychological health. Children have a special need for uninterrupted sleep for growth and cognitive development. Noise is an environmental factor that affects most children, but the knowledge of how children's health, wellbeing and cognitive development are affected by noise disturbed sleep due to road traffic is very incomplete. It has been shown that although children are less likely to wake up or react with sleep cycle shifts due to nighttime exposure, they might be more likely to react with physiological effects such as blood pressure reactions and related motility during sleep. The aim of this paper is to formulate a set of hypotheses as a base for future studies into the short and long term effects of noise induced sleep deprivation on health and child development and how this effects health and wellbeing later on in life. Because the literature is still trying to understand the nature of sleep disturbance among children in general a scoping review was used to achieve this, combining conceptual issues with a description of the scarce literature on noise and sleep disturbance in children as example. Based on this a set of hypotheses was formulated. It is concluded that future studies into the health effect of environmental noise exposure in early life should address these potential hypotheses and mechanisms and pay specific attention to the mediating role of sleep related aspects, including noise in conjunction with other environmental exposures such as indoor climate and exposure to sounds and light from electronic devices.
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