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1.
  • Jensen, C. S., et al. (author)
  • Effect of physical exercise on markers of neuronal dysfunction in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Alzheimer's disease
  • 2017
  • In: Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions. - : Wiley. - 2352-8737. ; 3:2, s. 284-290
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Introduction Physical exercise has gained increasing focus as a potential mean to maintain cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alongside the markers of specific AD pathology (amyloid β and tau), other pathologies such as neuronal damage and synaptic loss have been proposed as markers of the disease. Here, we study the effect of physical exercise on biomarkers of neuronal and synaptic integrity. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 51 AD subjects who participated in the randomized controlled trial Preserving Cognition, Quality of Life, Physical Health and Functional Ability in Alzheimer's Disease: The Effect of Physical Exercise (ADEX) was analyzed for the concentration of neurofilament light (NFL), neurogranin (Ng), visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1), and chitinase-3–like protein 1 (YKL-40). Participants were subjected to either 16weeks of moderate- to high-intensity exercise (n=25) or treatment as usual (control group, n=26), and CSF was collected before and after intervention. Results No significant differences in CSF concentrations of VILIP-1, YKL-40, NFL, and Ng were observed when comparing mean change from baseline between the exercise and control groups. Similarly, when classifying subjects based on their exercise levels, no significant changes were observed for the biomarkers in the control group compared with the high-exercise group (attending 80% of the exercise sessions with an intensity of 70% of maximum heart rate or above). Discussion These results are not supportive of a modulatory effect of physical exercise on the selected biomarkers of neuronal and synaptic integrity in patients with AD. © 2017 The Authors
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2.
  • Jensen, C. S., et al. (author)
  • Exercise as a potential modulator of inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease measured in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma
  • 2019
  • In: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0531-5565. ; 121, s. 91-98
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Neuroinflammation is recognized as part of the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the molecular mechanisms are still not entirely clear. Systemically, physical exercise has shown to have a positive modulating effect on markers of inflammation. It is not known if this general effect also takes place in the central nervous system in AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 16 weeks of moderate to high-intensity physical exercise on selected biomarkers of inflammation both systemically and in the CNS, in patients with AD. Methods: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 198 patients with Alzheimer's disease participating in the Preserving Cognition, Quality of Life, Physical Health and Functional Ability in Alzheimer's Disease: The Effect of Physical Exercise (ADEX) study were analyzed for concentrations of 8‑isoprostane, soluble trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), and the MSD v-plex proinflammation panel 1 human containing interferon gamma (IFNγ), Interleukin-10 (IL10), IL12p70, IL13, IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), before and after a 16-week intervention with physical exercise, and we studied whether changes were modulated by the patients' APOE genotype. Results: Most inflammatory markers remained unchanged after exercise. We found an increasing effect of 16 weeks of physical exercise on sTREM2 measured in CSF. Further, IL6 in plasma increased in the exercise group after physical exercise (mean relative change 41.03, SD 76.7), compared to controls (−0.97, SD 49.4). In a sub-analysis according to APOE genotype, we found that in ε4 carriers, exercise had a stabilizing effect on IFNγ concentration with a mean relative change of 7.84 (SD 42.6), as compared to controls (114.7 (SD 188.3), p = 0.038. Conclusion: Our findings indicate an effect of physical exercise on markers of neuroinflammation in CSF measured by an increase in sTREM2 in patients with AD. Further, there may be a small inflammatory systemic effect related to physical exercise in patients with AD. © 2019 The Authors
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3.
  • Kokot, Hana, et al. (author)
  • Prediction of Chronic Inflammation for Inhaled Particles : the Impact of Material Cycling and Quarantining in the Lung Epithelium
  • 2020
  • In: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 32:47
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • On a daily basis, people are exposed to a multitude of health-hazardous airborne particulate matter with notable deposition in the fragile alveolar region of the lungs. Hence, there is a great need for identification and prediction of material-associated diseases, currently hindered due to the lack of in-depth understanding of causal relationships, in particular between acute exposures and chronic symptoms. By applying advanced microscopies and omics to in vitro and in vivo systems, together with in silico molecular modeling, it is determined herein that the long-lasting response to a single exposure can originate from the interplay between the newly discovered nanomaterial quarantining and nanomaterial cycling between different lung cell types. This new insight finally allows prediction of the spectrum of lung inflammation associated with materials of interest using only in vitro measurements and in silico modeling, potentially relating outcomes to material properties for a large number of materials, and thus boosting safe-by-design-based material development. Because of its profound implications for animal-free predictive toxicology, this work paves the way to a more efficient and hazard-free introduction of numerous new advanced materials into our lives. 
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4.
  • Schjønning Nielsen, M, et al. (author)
  • Quantitative Electroencephalography Analyzed by Statistical Pattern Recognition as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results from a Nordic Multicenter Cohort Study
  • 2018
  • In: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra. - : S. Karger AG. - 1664-5464. ; 8:3, s. 426-438
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To examine diagnostic and prognostic potential of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) analyzed by the statistical pattern recognition (SPR) method in patients with cognitive impairment. We compared the differential diagnostic ability of SPR to visual EEG analysis. Correlation between SPR findings and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers were evaluated. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> It is a multicenter cohort study involving 129 patients, (mild cognitive impairment [MCI], AD, and healthy controls). Standardized EEG was performed at baseline. Patients were continuously clinically evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Receiver Operating Characteristic curves showed a low discriminative ability of SPR and no ability to predict clinical progression in patients with MCI. Moderate correlation between SPR analysis and CSF AD biomarkers was found. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The diagnostic and prognostic abilities of qEEG were low. The SPR method was superior to the visual EEG analysis. The qEEG method correlates well to CSF AD biomarkers, suggesting association with pathology in AD.
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