| 1. |
- Armelius, Kerstin, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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Interpersonal complementarity - self-rated behaviour by normal and antisocial adolescents with a liked and a disliked peer
- 2007
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In: Interpersona. - Vitória, ES : International Center for Interpersonal Relationship Research. - 1981-6472. ; 1:2, s. 99-116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The principle of complementarity in interpersonal theory and the SASB model (Structural Analysis of Social Behavior) as developed by Benjamin (1974) were used to study how adolescents in a normal group of 60 adolescents and a group of 42 adolescents with severe behavioural problems rated that they usually behaved in relation to a liked and disliked peer. The peer’s behaviour varied in a systematic way on the dimensions of affiliation and dominance. Complementary behavior was defined as the same behaviour from peer and self and anticomplementarity was defined as opposite behaviour from self in relation the peer’s behavior. Consistent over the two groups complementarity and anticomplementarity were influenced by both the peer’s behaviour and type of relationship with the peer. Friendly behaviour from a liked peer evoked much more complementary friendly behaviour compared to a disliked peer who with the same behaviour evoked almost as much anticomplementary hostile behaviour as complementary friendly behaviour. Hostile behaviour from a disliked peer evoked much more complementary hostile behaviour compared to a liked peer with the same kind of behavior. Autonomy granting from a liked peer evoked more complementary autonomous behaviour compared to a disliked peer. Differences between the two groups were small and only in relation with a disliked peer. The results were discussed in terms of interpersonal theory and the principle of complementarity with focus on kind of relationship.
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| 2. |
- Dennhag, Inga, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Exploring gender stereotypes about interpersonal behavior and personality factors using digital matched-guise techniques
- 2019
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In: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 47:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study explores gender stereotypes among Swedish university students (n=101) studying a course in psychology, using a matched-guise experimental design. The gender identity of a speaker in a dialogue, manifested by voice, was digitally manipulated to sound male or female. Responses to the recordings indicated that an actor with a male voice was rated significantly less conscientious, agreeable, extraverted, and open to experience than the same actor with a female voice. On social behavior, there was a tendency for the actor with a male voice to be rated as more hostile than the same actor with a female voice. The study suggests that stereotype effects rather than real behavioral differences may have an impact on perceived gender differences.
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| 3. |
- Hakelind, Camilla, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Behöver vi verkligen arbeta med studenters arbetsmiljö?
- 2019
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In: Universitetspedagogiska konferensen 2019. - Umeå : Universitetspedagogik och lärandestöd (UPL), Umeå universitet. ; , s. 10-10
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hakelind, Camilla, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Examining skills and abilities during the pandemic : psychology students’ and examiners’ perceptions of a digital osce
- 2022
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In: Psychology Learning and Teaching. - : Sage Publications. - 1475-7257 .- 2057-3022. ; 21:3, s. 278-295
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Finding valid and reliable ways to assess complex clinical skills within psychology is a challenge. Recently, there have been some examples of applying Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) in psychology for making such assessments. The aim of this study was to examine students’ and examiners’ perceptions of a digital OSCE in psychology regarding quality and students’ feelings about the OSCE. Participants were 51 students enrolled in the Programme for Master of Science in Clinical Psychology during two semesters and nine examiners assessing each OSCE occasion, at Umeå University, Sweden. Web-based questionnaires were used for data collection. Psychometric analyses indicated that the subscales in the student questionnaire had adequate or close to adequate levels of item and scale reliability. Both students and examiners felt that the digital OSCE was realistic, valid and well-aligned with professional practice. Although students perceived the digital OSCE as stressful, the results showed that they were focused and concentrated and found the OSCE to be a positive learning experience, implying that the stress did not affect performance to any significant extent. Based on the examiners’ experiences, it can be concluded that there are both advantages and disadvantages which need to be considered when planning future digital OSCEs.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hakelind, Camilla, 1975-
(author)
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Perceived interpersonal relations in adolescents
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The general objective of this thesis was to examine aspects of adolescents perceived interpersonal relations, in view of the association between adolescents’ interpersonal problems and self-concepts, and considering influential factors such as behavioural problems, depression, perceptions of parental rearing styles, type of relationships and sex. All of the studies examined participants from the four-year longitudinal research project in Umeå, which was designed to investigate the psychic health and social context of adolescents with psychological and antisocial problems (Armelius & Hägglöf, 1998), except for the normal adolescents in study I, who took part in a project with purpose to determine norms for an intake interview that is used for adolescents in different settings in Sweden. Study I addressed the impact of type of relationship on adolescents interpersonal behaviour, and the results were discussed in terms of interpersonal theory and the complementarity principle. Study II investigated the association between self-concept and interpersonal problems in normal adolescents. Different interpersonal problems were systematically related to three self-concept patterns, and showed the importance of considering the combination of self-love and self-autonomy to understand interpersonal problems in adolescents. In study III the associations between self-concept, and interpersonal problems were investigated, also considering depression as a factor, in a group of adolescents with conduct problems. This study revealed sex differences: boys’ interpersonal problems mainly were associated with self-control, an imbalance between self control and autonomy, and depression, whereas girls’ interpersonal problems mainly were associated with low self-love and depression. Study IV examined the relationship between memories of perceived parenting styles and interpersonal problems. Also in this study, sex differences were shown. It was found that for boys the perceived parenting styles of the fathers had the strongest associations to interpersonal problems, and for girls the perceived parenting styles of the mothers had the strongest associations to interpersonal problems.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hakelind, Camilla, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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The Power of Aha! On Stimulating and Guiding Students towards Self-Awareness and Critical Reflection while Teaching about Personality Psychology and Gender Stereotypes
- 2022
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In: Psychology Learning & Teaching. - : Sage Publications. - 1475-7257 .- 2057-3022. ; 21:1, s. 57-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This qualitative study introduces a pedagogic design which addresses the challenging task of teaching and learning self-awareness and critical reflection in the teaching of psychology. The context of the study was a course in personality psychology for first year students, and the topic of interest was how the perception of personality is affected by gender stereotypes. The pedagogic design included the recording of a mixed-sex dialogue, which was then digitally altered for pitch and timbre producing two gender-switched versions of one single recording. Students were divided into two groups who listened to one of the two different voice alterations, and were given the task to rate the personality traits of male or female sounding versions of the same character. In the subsequent debriefing seminar, students were presented with the data from their ratings. These results were then used as a reference point for inter-group discussion, and later students were also asked to reflect over the activity individually in writing. A thematic analysis of their written answers indicates that this pedagogic setup, in combination with guided reflection, can be helpful to challenge students’ own assumptions, aiding self-awareness and critical reflection related to stereotyping.
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| 11. |
- Höglund, Per, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Impact of group interventions on stress and sleep problems in primary care
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objectives: The majority of patients who seek help for stress and sleep problems do so in primary health care in Sweden. However, the resources for psychological treatment are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a low-intensity student-led group interventions, applying cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with an indicated prevention approach in primary care for recovery and reducing symptoms of stress and sleep disturbance.Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, interventions were conducted for stress (n=274, mean age=38 years, 75% women) and sleep (n=106, mean age=44 years, 56% women) problems in consecutively recruited primary care patients. These were compared with a control group (n=221, mean age=45 years, 91% women) recruited via social media. The interventions were CBT-based psychoeducative group interventions that consisted of four 90-min sessions and led by psychology students. Assessment was completed at pre- and post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Main outcome measures were the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale and the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire for the stress intervention, and the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire for the sleep intervention. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the 15-item Patient Health Questionnaire were used to assess anxiety, depression and somatization as secondary outcome measures for both interventions. Analysis of covariance (pre- vs post-intervention) and reliable change index (pre-intervention vs three-month follow-up) were applied.Results: Statistically significant, but small effects of improved health in comparison to the control group were found on stress and burnout (η2=.021-.030) in the stress intervention, and on sleep (η2=.017) in the sleep intervention. The proportion of patients in the stress intervention with a reliable improvement at three-month follow-up was 28% for stress and 59% for burnout, and 0% and 33%, respectively, for the control group. Among those with a reliable improvement in burnout, 31% also met a recovery criterion (<4.0). In the sleep intervention, 25% of the patients showed a reliable improvement in sleep and 61% in burnout, and 6% and 33%, respectively, for the control group. The effects of the stress intervention were statistically significant, but small on anxiety and depression (η2=.021-.047), as were the effects of the sleep intervention on stress and burnout (η2=.017-.026). Conclusion: The results suggest that psychology students can effectively provide a low-intensity group-delivered CBT intervention for patients exhibiting symptoms of stress, burnout and sleep disturbance in routine general medical practice, offering promising opportunities for scalability expansion. Although the average treatment effects were small, a substantial proportion of the patients showed reliable improvement or recovery at 3-month follow-up. This suggests that the interventions decrease the prevalence of burnout and sleep disturbance or improve the well-being of individuals experiencing mental distress.
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| 12. |
- Höglund, Per, et al.
(author)
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Risk factors for insomnia and burnout : a longitudinal population-based cohort study
- 2023
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In: Stress and Health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1532-3005 .- 1532-2998. ; 39:4, s. 798-812
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insomnia and burnout are highly prevalent in the general population, calling for understanding of its causes. Taking a broad approach, the aim of this study was to determine various mental and somatic risk factors for development of insomnia and burnout and stratifying for sex and age group. Questionnaire data were used from a Swedish population-based sample aged 18–79 years, from which cohorts without insomnia (n = 1702) and without burnout (n = 1972) at baseline were followed-up after 3 years. Self-reports of eight mental and somatic conditions at baseline were used as independent variables in logistic regression analyses to predict development of insomnia and burnout at 3-year follow-up. All eight studied conditions were significant risk factors for development of both insomnia (odds ratio, OR = 1.62–2.73) and burnout (OR = 2.20–3.21). Burnout and poor self-rated health had the highest ORs for insomnia, and poor self-rated health, anxiety and somatic symptoms had the highest ORs for burnout. The ORs were generally similar between men and women, whereas age groups tended to differ in some of the risk factors. The study highlights the importance of a broad assessment of both mental and somatic conditions in the prevention of insomnia and burnout.
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| 13. |
- Höglund, Per, et al.
(author)
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Severity and prevalence of various types of mental ill-health in a general adult population : age and sex differences
- 2020
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In: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-244X. ; 20:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Taking a broad approach, the aim of this study was to better understand severity and prevalence of various types of mental ill-health across age and sex groups in the general adult population. A first objective was to determine symptom severity of anxiety, depression, insomnia, burnout and somatization in combinations of different age groups and sex. A second objective was to determine prevalence of caseness of these types of mental ill-health in both absolute and relative terms in the combinations of age groups and sex.Methods: Cross-sectional data based on validated questionnaire instruments were used from the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study in Sweden. In total, 3406 participants, aged 18 to 79 years, constituted a random sample stratified for age and sex.Results: Severity and prevalence of anxiety, insomnia and burnout were high in women, in particular young women, and lower in older age groups. The prevalence rates for insomnia, burnout and somatization were particularly high based on the used cut-off scores. Men aged 30–49 years had the highest prevalence of mental ill-health compared to other age groups among men. Men and women aged 60–69 years had generally the lowest symptom severity and caseness. The prevalence of depression was similar in men and women in all age groups, whereas sex-related differences in extent in general were largest in the youngest age group, and gradually decreased with age.Conclusion: The results suggest that focus in primary healthcare regarding mental ill-health should to be directed more towards insomnia, burnout and somatization, in particular in young women.
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| 14. |
- Höglund, Per, 1969-
(author)
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Stress, sleep disturbance, and related ill-health : from prevalence and risk-factors to indicated interventions
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- With focus on stress-related ill-health and insomnia/sleep disturbance, the overall aim of this thesis was to determine severity and prevalence, risk factors and effectiveness of low-intensity group sessions. This was accomplished by taking epidemiological and quasi-experimental approaches. With the aim of examining symptom severity and prevalence of insomnia, burnout, anxiety, depression, and somatization across different age groups and sexes, Study I used cross-sectional data (n=3406) from the baseline data collection of the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study (VEHS). In comparison to men, women in most age groups exhibited higher levels of symptom severity and prevalence of caseness in various mental health conditions. Insomnia (28.6%) and burnout (17.3%) were common in the population.With focus on risk factors for insomnia and burnout, Study II used a longitudinal design and VEHS data (n=1702–1972) to compare a range of mental and somatic conditions in a general population. The results showed that all examined health conditions were risk factors for cases of insomnia and burnout. For example, insomnia can increase the risk of developing burnout (odds ratio: 2.67), and burnout increase the risk of developing insomnia (odds ratio: 2.73), underscoring the importance of early detection and prevention. The aim of Study III was to examine the effectiveness of four low-intensity group sessions for stress (n=274) and sleep disturbance (n=106) conducted by psychology students. A non-randomized controlled trial design was used in primary care with naturally occurring groups. A control group (n=221) was recruited via social media. Whereas effects were small at post-treatment, a substantial proportion of the patients showed a reliable improvement or recovery at 3-month follow-up. This thesis provides support for the assumption that severity and prevalence of insomnia, burnout, anxiety, depression, and somatization are common in the population. Burnout and insomnia are mutual risk factors and underscore the importance of indicated prevention in primary care. Low-intensity group interventions facilitated by non-experts can be effective and scalable for patients with stress and sleep disturbance.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Sundström, Anna E., 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Examining clinical skills and abilities in psychology – implementation and evaluation of an objective structured clinical examination in psychology
- 2023
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In: Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1755-6228 .- 2042-8707. ; 18:2, s. 97-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Assessment of complex clinical skills and abilities is a challenge in mental health education. In the present study, an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was adapted to psychology and implemented in a Master in Psychology program. The purpose of the present study was to examine aspects of validity of this OSCE.Design/methodology/approach: A total of 55 students enrolled in the Master in the Psychology program at Umeå University, Sweden, participated in two OSCE occasions. In addition to OSCE data, questionnaires were administered immediately after the OSCE to students (n = 18) and examiners (n = 13) to examine their perceptions of the OSCE.Findings: The results provided support for different aspects of validity. The level of internal consistency was close to acceptable, and there was a good correspondence between global ratings and checklist scores for many stations. However, adding an additional category to the global rating scale and reviewing some of the station checklists might improve the assessment further. The present cut-score of the OSCE was comparable to a cut-score set by the borderline regression model. In general, students and examiners perceived the OSCE as a high-quality examination, although examiners raised some issues that could improve the OSCE further.Originality/value: In conclusion, OSCE is a promising assessment in psychology, both from a psychometric perspective and from a test-taker and examiner perspective. The present study is an important contribution to the field as there are only a few examples where OSCE has been used in clinical psychology, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to evaluate the validity of such an assessment.
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| 17. |
- Vishwanatha, Kalyani, et al.
(author)
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Interpersonal complementarity and gender : Contextual influences on perception of personality
- 2021
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In: Social behavior and personality. - : Scientific Journal Publishers. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 49:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contextual influences have long been recognized as an important factor explaining individual differences in perception of personality traits. In this study we investigated whether interpersonal complementarity creates a context for the perception of personality traits, and whether gender stereotypes play a role in the process. Participants were 205 students taking a personality psychology course. They evaluated personality traits in the context of observing an interpersonal exchange that reflected complementarity. Among the respondents, 103 made the evaluation based on a gender stereotypical exchange (dominant male-submissive female) and 102 based their evaluation on a gender counterstereotypical exchange (dominant female-submissive male). Results reveal that interpersonal context had a stronger influence on ratings of conscientiousness, openness, and emotional stability traits than it did on extraversion and agreeableness trait ratings. Furthermore, openness and conscientiousness were particularly susceptible to gender-based stereotypes in the context of interpersonal complementarity. These results suggest that both interpersonal complementarity and gender stereotypes influence the perception of personality traits, but that they do so in a way that is unique to each trait.
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