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- Forsberg, A., et al.
(author)
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The Immune Response of the Human Brain to Abdominal Surgery
- 2017
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 81:4, s. 572-582
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Surgery launches a systemic inflammatory reaction that reaches the brain and associates with immune activation and cognitive decline. Although preclinical studies have in part described this systemic-to-brain signaling pathway, we lack information on how these changes appear in humans. This study examines the short-and long-term impact of abdominal surgery on the human brain immune system by positron emission tomography (PET) in relation to blood immune reactivity, plasma inflammatory biomarkers, and cognitive function. Methods: Eight males undergoing prostatectomy under general anesthesia were included. Prior to surgery (baseline), at postoperative days 3 to 4, and after 3 months, patients were examined using [C-11]PBR28 brain PET imaging to assess brain immune cell activation. Concurrently, systemic inflammatory biomarkers, ex vivo blood tests on immunoreactivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and cognitive function were assessed. Results: Patients showed a global downregulation of gray matter [C-11]PBR28 binding of 26 +/- 26% (mean +/- standard deviation) at 3 to 4 days postoperatively compared to baseline (p=0.023), recovering or even increasing after 3 months. LPS-induced release of the proinflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor-a in blood displayed a reduction (41 +/- 39%) on the 3rd to 4th postoperative day, corresponding to changes in [C-11]PBR28 distribution volume. Change in Stroop Color-Word Test performance between postoperative days 3 to 4 and 3 months correlated to change in [C-11]PBR28 binding (p=0.027). Interpretation: This study translates preclinical data on changes in the brain immune system after surgery to humans, and suggests an interplay between the human brain and the inflammatory response of the peripheral innate immune system. These findings may be related to postsurgical impairments of cognitive function.
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- Backman, L, et al.
(author)
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Age-related cognitive deficits mediated by changes in the striatal dopamine system
- 2000
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In: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. - : AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC. - 0002-953X. ; 157:4, s. 635-637
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The study examined the influence of losses in dopaminergic function on age-related cognitive deficits. Method: Eleven healthy subjects (21-68 years of age) completed a set of cognitive tasks used to assess perceptual speed and episodic memory.
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- Balldin, J, et al.
(author)
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A 6-month controlled naltrexone study: Combined effect with cognitive behavioral therapy in outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence
- 2003
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In: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In several studies, patients with alcohol dependence treated with the opioid antagonist naltrexone have shown fewer relapses to heavy drinking than those receiving placebo. An interaction between the naltrexone effect and the type of psychological therapy has been observed. Methods: A 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was performed at 10 different investigation sites. After a placebo run-in period of 1 week, 118 patients were randomized into 4 treatment groups—50 mg of naltrexone daily or placebo in combination with either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or supportive therapy. The CBT was performed over nine sessions according to the manual of Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity). The supportive therapy was defined as "the treatment as usual." Alcohol consumption, craving, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, medication compliance by tablet count, and adverse clinical events were assessed at all visits. Other liver enzymes and psychiatric symptoms were also determined. Results: Ninety-one (77%) patients completed the study, and 92 (78%) were 80% compliant with the medication regimen. A lower percentage of heavy-drinking days was shown in the naltrexone group (p = 0.045) compared with the placebo group, as was a lower craving score (p = 0.029). These results are supported by the lower levels of liver enzyme activities (p < 0.010 for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase), but not by the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels, in the naltrexone group. The mean time period before the first day of heavy drinking was longer for the group treated with CBT (p = 0.010), especially in combination with naltrexone (p = 0.007). Naltrexone was well tolerated, and no patients discontinued the study due to side effects. Conclusions: This study supports the effect of naltrexone in outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence and suggests that a beneficial interaction effect with CBT can be expected.
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- Collste, K., et al.
(author)
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Lower levels of the glial cell marker TSPO in drug-naive first-episode psychosis patients as measured using PET and [C-11]PBR28
- 2017
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In: Molecular Psychiatry. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 22:6, s. 850-856
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several lines of evidence are indicative of a role for immune activation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and radioligands for the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker for glial activation, have yielded inconsistent results. Whereas early studies using a radioligand with low signal-to-noise in small samples showed increases in patients, more recent studies with improved methodology have shown no differences or trend-level decreases. Importantly, all patients investigated thus far have been on antipsychotic medication, and as these compounds may dampen immune cell activity, this factor limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Here, we examined 16 drug-naive, first-episode psychosis patients and 16 healthy controls using PET and the TSPO radioligand [C-11]PBR28. Gray matter (GM) volume of distribution (V-T) derived from a two-tissue compartmental analysis with arterial input function was the main outcome measure. Statistical analyses were performed controlling for both TSPO genotype, which is known to affect [C-11]PBR28 binding, and gender. There was a significant reduction of [C-11]PBR28 V-T in patients compared with healthy controls in GM as well as in secondary regions of interest. No correlation was observed between GM V-T and clinical or cognitive measures after correction for multiple comparisons. The observed decrease in TSPO binding suggests reduced numbers or altered function of immune cells in brain in early-stage schizophrenia.
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- Halldin, S, et al.
(author)
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Continuous long-term measurements of soil-plant-atmosphere variables at an agricultural site
- 1999
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In: AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-1923. ; 98-9, s. 75-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is a major challenge in modem science to decrease the uncertainty in predictions of global climate change. One of the largest uncertainties in present-day global climate models resides with the understanding of processes in the soil-vegetation-atmosphe
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- Halldin, S, et al.
(author)
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Energy, water and carbon exchange in a boreal forest landscape - NOPEX experiences
- 1999
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In: AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. ; 98-9, s. 5-29
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Review (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The role of the land surface in controlling climate is still underestimated and access to information from the boreal-forest zone is instrumental to improve this situation. This motivated the organisation of NOPEX (Northern hemisphere climate-Processes la
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- Halldin, S, et al.
(author)
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NOPEX - a northern hemisphere climate processes land surface experiment
- 1998
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In: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0022-1694. ; 213:1-4, s. 172-187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interface between land surfaces and the atmosphere is a key area in climate research, where lack of basic knowledge prevents us from reducing the considerable uncertainties about predicted changes. Boreal forests play an important, but not well known,
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