| 1. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(author)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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In: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 2. |
- Carreras-Puigvert, Jordi, et al.
(author)
-
A comprehensive structural, biochemical and biological profiling of the human NUDIX hydrolase family
- 2017
-
In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 8:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The NUDIX enzymes are involved in cellular metabolism and homeostasis, as well as mRNA processing. Although highly conserved throughout all organisms, their biological roles and biochemical redundancies remain largely unclear. To address this, we globally resolve their individual properties and inter-relationships. We purify 18 of the human NUDIX proteins and screen 52 substrates, providing a substrate redundancy map. Using crystal structures, we generate sequence alignment analyses revealing four major structural classes. To a certain extent, their substrate preference redundancies correlate with structural classes, thus linking structure and activity relationships. To elucidate interdependence among the NUDIX hydrolases, we pairwise deplete them generating an epistatic interaction map, evaluate cell cycle perturbations upon knockdown in normal and cancer cells, and analyse their protein and mRNA expression in normal and cancer tissues. Using a novel FUSION algorithm, we integrate all data creating a comprehensive NUDIX enzyme profile map, which will prove fundamental to understanding their biological functionality.
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| 3. |
- Hallström, J., et al.
(author)
-
Worldwide comparison of lightning impulse voltage measuring systems at the 400-kV level
- 2007
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 56:2, s. 388-391
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An international comparison of lightning and switching impulse voltage measuring systems was arranged and coordinated by the Helsinki University of Technology (MIKES-TKK), Espoo, Finland, between 1999 and 2002. The number of participants was 26, including the coordinator. This paper summarizes the results obtained by those eight National Metrology Institutes that participated in the comparison. A 400-kV transfer reference measuring system for measuring lightning impulse voltages was prepared by the coordinator. In addition, a 1-kV impulse voltage calibrator system, including calibrators for both standard lightning and switching impulses, was circulated. © 2007 IEEE.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kildegaard, Kanchana R., et al.
(author)
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Evolution reveals a glutathione-dependent mechanism of 3-hydroxypropionic acid tolerance
- 2014
-
In: Metabolic engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-7176 .- 1096-7184. ; 26, s. 57-66
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biologically produced 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is a potential source for sustainable acrylates and can also find direct use as monomer in the production of biodegradable polymers. For industrial scale production there is a need for robust cell factories tolerant to high concentration of 3HP, preferably at low pH. Through adaptive laboratory evolution we selected S. cerevisiae strains with improved tolerance to 3HP at pH 3.5. Genome sequencing followed by functional analysis identified the causal mutation in SFA1 gene encoding S-(hyclroxymerhyl)glutathione dehydrogenase. Based on our findings, we propose that 3HP toxicity is mediated by 3-hydroxypropionic aldehyde (reuterin ) and that glutathione-dependent reactions are used for reuterin detoxification. The identified molecular response to 3HP and reuterin may well be a general mechanism for handling resistance to organic acid and aldehydes by living cells. (C) 2014 International Metabolic Engineering Society Published by Elsevier Inc. On behalf of International Metabolic Engineering Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
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| 6. |
- Björk, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Like being covered in a wet and dark blanket : Parents' lived experiences of losing a child to cancer
- 2016
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In: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 25, s. 40-45
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to illuminate parents' lived experiences of losing a child to cancer. Method: Interviews and a narrative about parents' experiences of losing a child to cancer were gathered from six parents of children whom had participated in a longitudinal study across the child's illness trajectory. The analysis of the data was inspired by van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Results: One essential theme emerged: Like being covered in a wet and dark blanket, as well as six related themes: Feeling conflicting emotions, Preparing for the moment of death, Continuing parenting after death, Recollecting and sharing memories, Working through the sorrow and New perspectives in life. Conclusion: There is a need for good palliative care. If not, there is a risk that the parent will perseverate and blame themselves for not being a good parent during the suffering child's last time in life. Meetings with the parents six months and two years after the child's death might facilitate healing through the grief process.
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| 7. |
- Cuenca-Garcia, Magdalena, et al.
(author)
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Association of breakfast consumption with objectively measured and self-reported physical activity, sedentary time and physical fitness in European adolescents : the HELENA (Healthy Lifestylein Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study
- 2014
-
In: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 17:10, s. 2226-2236
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine the association of breakfast consumption with objectively measured and self-reported physical activity, sedentary time and physical fitness.Design: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Cross-Sectional Study. Breakfast consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24 h recalls and by a 'Food Choices and Preferences' questionnaire. Physical activity, sedentary time and physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and speed/agility) were measured and self-reported. Socio-economic status was assessed by questionnaire. Setting: Ten European cities. Subjects: Adolescents (n 2148; aged 12.5-17.5 years). Results: Breakfast consumption was not associated with measured or self-reported physical activity. However, 24 h recall breakfast consumption was related to measured sedentary time in males and females; although results were not confirmed when using other methods to assess breakfast patterns or sedentary time. Breakfast consumption was not related to muscular fitness and speed/agility in males and females. However, male breakfast consumers had higher cardiorespiratory fitness compared with occasional breakfast consumers and breakfast skippers, while no differences were observed in females. Overall, results were consistent using different methods to assess breakfast consumption or cardiorespiratory fitness (all P <= 0.005). In addition, both male and female breakfast skippers (assessed by 24 h recall) were less likely to have high measured cardiorespiratory fitness compared with breakfast consumers (OR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.18, 0.59 and OR = 0.56; 95 % CI 0.32, 0.98, respectively). Results persisted across methods. Conclusions: Skipping breakfast does not seem to be related to physical activity, sedentary time or muscular fitness and speed/agility as physical fitness components in European adolescents; yet it is associated with both measured and self-reported cardiorespiratory fitness, which extends previous findings.
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| 8. |
- Dakers, John R., et al.
(author)
-
Introduction
- 2019
-
In: Reflections on Technology for Educational Practitioners: Philosophers of Technology Inspiring Technology Education. - Boston, MA : Brill Academic Publishers. - 9789004405516 ; , s. 1-11
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
- Derwig, Mariette, et al.
(author)
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Child-centred health dialogue for primary prevention of obesity in child health services – a feasibility study
- 2019
-
In: - : S. Karger AG. ; , s. 02-092
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to test a Child-Centred Health Dialogue model for primary prevention of obesity for 4-year-old children in Child Health Services, for its feasibility and the responsiveness of its outcomes.Methods: A feasibility study was set up with a non-randomised quasi-experimental cluster design comparing usual care with a structured multicomponent child-centred health dialogue consisting of two parts: 1) a universal part directed to all children and 2) a targeted part for families where the child is identified with overweight. Results: 203 children participated in child-centred health dialogue while 582 children received usual care. Nurses trained in the model were able to execute both the universal health dialogue and the targeted part of the intervention. Tutorship enabled the nurses to reflect on and discuss their experiences, which strengthened their confidence and security. One year after the intervention fewer normal-weight 4-year-olds in the intervention group had developed overweight at the age of 5 compared to the control group and none had developed obesity. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a child-centred, multicomponent, interactive intervention for the promotion of healthy lifestyles and primary prevention of obesity for all 4-year-old children participating in Child Health Services is feasible on a small scale. As almost all parents make use of Child Health Services in Sweden, the findings should be confirmed in a randomised controlled trial before the intervention can be implemented on a larger scale.
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| 10. |
- Fagerberg, Linn, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
- 2014
-
In: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 13:2, s. 397-406
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Global classification of the human proteins with regards to spatial expression patterns across organs and tissues is important for studies of human biology and disease. Here, we used a quantitative transcriptomics analysis (RNA-Seq) to classify the tissue-specific expression of genes across a representative set of all major human organs and tissues and combined this analysis with antibody- based profiling of the same tissues. To present the data, we launch a new version of the Human Protein Atlas that integrates RNA and protein expression data corresponding to 80% of the human protein-coding genes with access to the primary data for both the RNA and the protein analysis on an individual gene level. We present a classification of all human protein-coding genes with regards to tissue-specificity and spatial expression pattern. The integrative human expression map can be used as a starting point to explore the molecular constituents of the human body.
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| 11. |
- Franciscangelis, C., et al.
(author)
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Vibration measurement on composite material with embedded optical fiber based on phase-OTDR
- 2017
-
In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering Volume 10168, Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2017; 101683Q (2017). - : SPIE. - 9781510608214
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Distributed sensors based on phase-optical time-domain reflectometry (phase-OTDR) are suitable for aircraft health monitoring due to electromagnetic interference immunity, small dimensions, low weight and flexibility. These features allow the fiber embedment into aircraft structures in a nearly non-intrusive way to measure vibrations along its length. The capability of measuring vibrations on avionics structures is of interest for what concerns the study of material fatigue or the occurrence of undesirable phenomena like flutter. In this work, we employed the phase-OTDR technique to measure vibrations ranging from some dozens of Hz to kHz in two layers of composite material board with embedded polyimide coating 0.24 numerical aperture single-mode optical fiber. © 2017 SPIE.
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| 12. |
- Hailer, F., et al.
(author)
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Response to comment on "Nuclear genomic sequences reveal that polar bears are an old and distinct bear lineage"
- 2013
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 340:6127, s. 1522-b
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nakagome et al. reanalyzed some of our data and assert that we cannot refute the mitochondrial DNA-based scenario for polar bear evolution. Their single-locus test statistic is strongly affected by introgression and incomplete lineage sorting, whereas our multilocus approaches are better suited to recover the true species relationships. Indeed, our sister-lineage model receives high support in a Bayesian model comparison.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hallström, Jonas, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Experts’ Views on the Role of the ‘T’ and ‘E’ in Integrated STEM Education and Implications for Out-of-Field Teaching
- 2024
-
In: Locating Technology Education in STEM Teaching and Learning. - Singapore : Springer Nature. - 9789819719945 - 9789819719952 - 9789819719976 ; , s. 237-248
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The STEM acronym permeates educational research and practice. While the potential pedagogical merits of STEM as an opportunity to integrate knowledge from the contributing disciplines and achieve a holistic understanding are well-documented, little is known about how out-of-field teachers contend with contributing to such a vision in practice. With an intended audience of STEM teacher practitioners in mind, this chapter focuses on international expert views of technology (T) and engineering (E) in out-of-field teaching of integrated STEM. The presented views were solicited from experienced international researchers, education practitioners, and professionals in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Experts’ views emerged as five overarching themes that primarily identified: the importance of maintaining subject integrity, the implicit nature of technology and engineering in teaching activities, the centrality of engineering design processes, the necessity of collaboration and cooperation, and the need for specialised teacher competence. The emergent views have practical implications regarding engineering design and design-based teaching for informing curriculum design, teacher education programmes, as well as STEM textbooks and resource composition. The chapter closes by illuminating the question as to whether integrated STEM remains a sought epistemological position or only a method to teach STEM subjects, a dilemma whereupon our future work with STEM experts shall continue to explore.
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| 15. |
- Hallström, Olof, et al.
(author)
-
Development of collector integrated sorption modules for solar heating and cooling : Performance simulation
- 2014
-
In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 48, s. 67-76
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solar thermal cooling has difficulty to emerge as an economically competitive solution for small systems mainly due to high investment cost and system complexity [1]. Therefore developments of principally new system solutions are needed. This paper describes such a solution with sorption modules directly integrated into a solar thermal collector. The focus of the work has been to find key parameters influencing the module and the system efficiency. A validated model of a sorption collector has been implemented into a simplified system deck providing cooling, heating and domestic hot water to static loads in the system modelling environment TRNSYS [2]. Simulations have been conducted for different boundary conditions and at two locations with different climatic conditions. Thermal losses from the collector as well as internal thermal losses inside the collector were found to be the most important parameters influencing efficiency. The system simulations gave overall thermal cooling efficiencies in the range of 0.12-0.27 and electrical cooling efficiencies in the range of 15-45 depending on collector technology, climate and control strategy.
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| 16. |
- Hansen, N. L., et al.
(author)
-
The terpene synthase gene family in Tripterygium wilfordii harbors a labdane-type diterpene synthase among the monoterpene synthase TPS-b subfamily
- 2017
-
In: The Plant Journal. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 89:3, s. 429-441
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tripterygium wilfordii (Celastraceae) is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Identification of a vast array of unusual sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and triterpenoids in T. wilfordii has spurred investigations of their pharmacological properties. The tri-epoxide lactone triptolide was the first of many diterpenoids identified, attracting interest due to the spectrum of bioactivities. To probe the genetic underpinning of diterpenoid diversity, an expansion of the class II diterpene synthase (diTPS) family was recently identified in a leaf transcriptome. Following detection of triptolide and simple diterpene scaffolds in the root, we sequenced and mined the root transcriptome. This allowed identification of the root-specific complement of TPSs and an expansion in the class I diTPS family. Functional characterization of the class II diTPSs established their activities in the formation of four C-20 diphosphate intermediates, precursors of both generalized and specialized metabolism and a novel scaffold for Celastraceae. Functional pairs of the class I and II enzymes resulted in formation of three scaffolds, accounting for some of the terpenoid diversity found in T. wilfordii. The absence of activity-forming abietane-type diterpenes encouraged further testing of TPSs outside the canonical class I diTPS family. TwTPS27, close relative of mono-TPSs, was found to couple with TwTPS9, converting normal-copalyl diphosphate to miltiradiene. The phylogenetic distance to established diTPSs indicates neo-functionalization of TwTPS27 into a diTPS, a function not previously observed in the TPS-b subfamily. This example of evolutionary convergence expands the functionality of TPSs in the TPS-b family and may contribute miltiradiene to the diterpenoids of T. wilfordii.
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| 17. |
- Jerene, Degu, et al.
(author)
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Tuberculosis along the continuum of HIV care in a cohort of adolescents living with HIV in Ethiopia
- 2017
-
In: International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - : International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - 1027-3719. ; 21:1, s. 32-37
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SETTING: Eight health facilities in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To determine tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates and associated factors among adolescents living with the human immunodeficiency virus (ALHIV). DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. Adolescents enrolled in HIV care between January 2005 and 31 December 2013 constituted the study population. The main outcome variable was TB diagnosis during follow-up. Baseline World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage, CD4 count, previous history of TB and use of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) were the main independent variables. We estimated TB incidence rates as incident cases per 100 person-years of observation (PYO). Cox regression analysis was used to control for confounders. RESULTS: Of the 1221 adolescents screened, 1072 were studied; 60.1% were girls. TB incidence rate was 16.32 per 100 PYO during pre-antiretroviral therapy (pre-ART) follow-up but declined to 2.25 per 100 PYO after initiation of ART. Advanced WHO clinical stage (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.71, 95%CI 1.69-4.33) and CD4 count <350 cells/μl (aHR 2.28, 95%CI 1.10-4.81) predicted TB incidence in the pre-ART cohort. IPT use was associated with a significant reduction in TB incidence in the ART cohort, but not in the pre-ART group. CONCLUSION: Although TB was a significant problem in ALHIV, timely administration of ART and IPT had a significant protective effect.
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| 18. |
- Jonsson, T., et al.
(author)
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An ESEM in situ investigation of the influence of H2O on iron oxidation at 500 degrees C
- 2009
-
In: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 51:9, s. 1914-1924
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The initial oxidation of iron and the effect of different O-2/H2O mixtures have been investigated through ESEM in situ exposure and analysis at 500 degrees C. In dry and wet air a two-layered magnetite forms beneath a thin, fine-grained hematite layer. while only a two-layered magnetite forms in H2O. The two-layered magnetite is separated by a straight interface (in all environments), which is suggested to be the original metal surface. The presence of low levels of water vapour (similar to 1% H2O) produces a thicker hematite layer (compared to dry air), exhibiting a large number of whiskers. At least four different factors are suggested to influence the local growth rate: the surface of the metal grain, the thickness of the hematite layer, the oxide grain size and the exposure environment. The ESEM in situ exposures have in addition been shown to have high quality and reproducibility.
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| 19. |
- Kapur, Rick, et al.
(author)
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Gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to the development of murine transfusion-related acute lung injury
- 2018
-
In: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 2:13, s. 1651-1663
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a syndrome of respiratory distress upon blood transfusion and is the leading cause of transfusion-related fatalities. Whether the gut microbiota plays any role in the development of TRALI is currently unknown. We observed that untreated barrier-free (BF) mice suffered from severe antibody-mediated acute lung injury, whereas the more sterile housed specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and gut flora-depleted BF mice were both protected from lung injury. The prevention of TRALI in the SPF mice and gut flora-depleted BF mice was associated with decreased plasma macrophage inflammatory protein-2 levels as well as decreased pulmonary neutrophil accumulation. DNA sequencing of amplicons of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a varying gastrointestinal bacterial composition between BF and SPF mice. BF fecal matter transferred into SPF mice significantly restored TRALI susceptibility in SPF mice. These data reveal a link between the gut flora composition and the development of antibody-mediated TRALI in mice. Assessment of gut microbial composition may help in TRALI risk assessment before transfusion.
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| 20. |
- Krischer, Jeffrey P, et al.
(author)
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Predicting Islet Cell Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes : An 8-Year TEDDY Study Progress Report
- 2019
-
In: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 42:6, s. 1051-1060
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the predictive power of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY)-identified risk factors for islet autoimmunity (IA), the type of autoantibody appearing first, and type 1 diabetes (T1D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 7,777 children were followed from birth to a median of 9.1 years of age for the development of islet autoantibodies and progression to T1D. Time-dependent sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to provide estimates of their individual and collective ability to predict IA and T1D.RESULTS: HLA genotype (DR3/4 vs. others) was the best predictor for IA (Youden's index J = 0.117) and single nucleotide polymorphism rs2476601, in PTPN22, was the best predictor for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) appearing first (IAA-first) (J = 0.123). For GAD autoantibodies (GADA)-first, weight at 1 year was the best predictor (J = 0.114). In a multivariate model, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.678 (95% CI 0.655, 0.701), 0.707 (95% CI 0.676, 0.739), and 0.686 (95% CI 0.651, 0.722) for IA, IAA-first, and GADA-first, respectively, at 6 years. The AUC of the prediction model for T1D at 3 years after the appearance of multiple autoantibodies reached 0.706 (95% CI 0.649, 0.762).CONCLUSIONS: Prediction modeling statistics are valuable tools, when applied in a time-until-event setting, to evaluate the ability of risk factors to discriminate between those who will and those who will not get disease. Although significantly associated with IA and T1D, the TEDDY risk factors individually contribute little to prediction. However, in combination, these factors increased IA and T1D prediction substantially.
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| 21. |
- Lee, Sunjae, et al.
(author)
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Integrated Network Analysis Reveals an Association between Plasma Mannose Levels and Insulin Resistance
- 2016
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In: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 24:1, s. 172-184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate the biological processes that are altered in obese subjects, we generated cell-specific integrated networks (INs) by merging genome-scale metabolic, transcriptional regulatory and protein-protein interaction networks. We performed genome-wide transcriptomics analysis to determine the global gene expression changes in the liver and three adipose tissues from obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery and integrated these data into the cell-specific INs. We found dysregulations in mannose metabolism in obese subjects and validated our predictions by detecting mannose levels in the plasma of the lean and obese subjects. We observed significant correlations between plasma mannose levels, BMI, and insulin resistance (IR). We also measured plasma mannose levels of the subjects in two additional different cohorts and observed that an increased plasma mannose level was associated with IR and insulin secretion. We finally identified mannose as one of the best plasma metabolites in explaining the variance in obesity-independent IR.
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| 22. |
- Lönn, Johanna, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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P. gingivalis-induced aggregation and ros production in whole blood is dependent on gingipains
- 2012
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In: Cardiovascular Research. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0008-6363 .- 1755-3245. ; 93, s. S35-S35
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A large body of data accumulated over the past several years suggests that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with cardiovascular disease. Circulating bacteria may contribute to atherogenesis by promoting CD11b/CD18-mediated interactions between neutrophils and platelets, causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and aggregation. We have previously demonstrated that P. gingivalis induces aggregation and ROS production in whole blood, and that the anti-inflammatory mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4) inhibits these responses by modulating plateletneutrophil interaction through a down-regulation of the bacterium-induced surface expression of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils, likely by inhibiting Rac2 and Cdc42 signaling pathways. Furthermore, P. gingivalis, unlike other periodontopathic bacteria, has been shown to trigger platelet aggregation, mainly through the interaction between bacterial gingipains and protease-activating receptors (PARs) on the platelets. Since platelet aggregation precedes thromboembolic events, this is an important pathogenic feature of the bacterium. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gingipains on P. gingivalis-induced cell activation in whole blood. Platelet/leukocyte aggregation and ROS production was examined by lumiaggregometry. This study shows that leupeptin, a protease inhibitor of gingipains, inhibits P. gingivalis-induced aggregation and ROS production in whole blood. Supernatants of bacteria suspensions induced no ROS-production, but an aggregatory response that was also inhibited by leupeptin. In conclusion, P. gingivalis-induced aggregation and ROS production in whole blood is mainly dependent on gingipains. However, since bacterial supernatants (containing soluble gingipains) stimulate only aggregation, this suggests that a gingipain/PAR-mediated mechanism in combination with phagocytosis of whole bacterium is a prerequisite for inducing a respiratory burst and an inflammatory response. These findings may contribute to new strategies in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis-induced inflammatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis.
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| 23. |
- Müller, K., et al.
(author)
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Lunch at school, at home or elsewhere : Where do adolescents usually get it and what do they eat? Results of the HELENA study
- 2013
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In: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 71, s. 332-339
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Considering the lack of uniformity regarding school meals in Europe, information on adolescents' school lunch patterns is of public health importance. Thus, the aim of this analysis was to describe and evaluate lunchtime energy and food intake of European adolescents at different lunch locations. Data on nutritional and health-related parameters were derived from the HEalthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study (HELENA-CSS). A sub-sample of 891 adolescents (47% male) with plausible data on total and lunchtime energy intake (2. ×. 24. h recall) as well as usual lunch location was considered. Food intake was compared to lunch of the Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD) for children and adolescents. Although energy intake was nearly in line with the recommendations, food intake was suboptimal compared to the OMD regardless of usual lunch location. Adolescents had more potatoes and less sweets at school, and more drinks (water, coffee and tea) and vegetables at home when each compared with the other locations. Food intake of adolescents getting their lunch elsewhere was characterized by the smallest amounts of potatoes and the highest amounts of sweets. Although lunch patterns may differ among countries, schools in Europe do not seem to reveal all their potential to offer access to a healthy lunch for adolescents yet.
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| 24. |
- Norström, Per, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Increasing Authenticity in Pre-College Software Engineering Education through Role-Play
- 2024
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In: 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. - Washington D.C. : The American Society for Engineering Education.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contemporary secondary technology education often does not mirror engineering practice. Whilethere is much rhetoric on the need for promoting active, authentic, and real-world professionalexperiences in upper secondary school, most technology education teaching remains traditional,and teacher centered. This study investigates the affordances for authenticity of role-play-basedproject work in a Swedish upper secondary software engineering course. The project requiredstudents (aged 17–18) to assume the role of software engineer employees at a web-designbusiness with the task of creating a website for a gaming company, where the course instructorassumed the role of the web business owner. The six-week project included the formulation of adesign plan, back-end programming, developing and refining the design and layout, adjustingcontent for accessibility, and publication of the web site. Inductive analysis of observations fromthe unfolding role-play in five student groups (total 22 students), and interviews with fourstudents and the teacher exposed salient themes related to authenticity of the role-play-basedproject exposed within teacher-student interactions and student intragroup interactions. Teacherstudent interactions revealed that the teacher exhibited various roles in the project, initially actingas a customer but also the responsibilities of a boss and a teacher-mentor. In the latter instance,students perceived the project as more school-oriented than authentic, expressing a preference foran external customer, and at the same time, the teacher tried to align the task with the project’scurriculum requirements. Student intragroup interactions showed that despite highly varied roles,students felt that their assigned roles enhanced the authenticity of their experience, although theywere unaware of what a real scenario might entail. Successful students emphasized theimportance of structured work and clear responsibilities to meet the project goal. The findingsshow that while role-playing is not necessarily always equivalent to reality, it was viewed as afulfilling and situated learning experience that simulated a real-world scenario, but which reliedon mutual confidence and responsibility between the role-players. Future work will combine thefindings with existing frameworks of authenticity to inform the development of role-playscenarios in upper secondary engineering education.
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| 25. |
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Programming and computational thinking in technology education : Swedish and international perspectives
- 2023
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- "In the last decade, programming and computational thinking (CT) have been introduced on a large scale in school curricula and standards all over the world. In countries such as the UK, a new school subject-computing-was created, whereas in countries such as Sweden, programming was included in existing subjects, notably mathematics and technology education. The introduction of programming and CT in technology education implies a particular relationship between programming and technology. Programming is usually performed with technological artefacts-various types of computers-and it can also be seen as a specific branch of engineering. This book analyses the background to and current implementation of programming and computational thinking in a Swedish school technology context, in relation to international developments. The various chapters deal with pertinent issues in technology education and its relation to computers and computing, for example, computational thinking and literacy, teachers' programming competence, and computational thinking, programming, and learning in technology education. The book includes examples from educational research that could also be used as inspiration for school teaching, teacher education and curriculum development"--
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| 26. |
- Pålsson, Petra, et al.
(author)
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A survey of contemporary antenatal parental education in Sweden : What is offered to expectant parents and midwives’ experiences
- 2019
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In: Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756. ; 20, s. 13-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To explore how antenatal parental education is provided in southern Sweden and midwives’ experiences of it. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with data collection from 66 antenatal clinics and 189 midwives during 2016. Descriptive and comparative statistics, chi-square and t-tests, were used to present the findings. Results: Antenatal parental education was most commonly offered in small parental groups and the number of hours provided varied between two and ten (mean 5.8) hours. A common and structured program for the sessions was used at 37.3% of the clinics. Normal birth, pain relief, partner role during birth, breastfeeding advantages and breastfeeding initiation were the topics most extensively covered. Topic coverage was in 12 topics, mostly related to the time after birth, lower than midwives’ rated importance of the topic: p-values between 0.05 and <0.01. Only 14.2% of the midwives often provided guidance to websites. Although midwives enjoyed working with antenatal parental education, they expressed lack of organizational support and lack of personal skills in group leadership and teaching. Years of experience did not significantly affect their self-rated skills in group leadership or teaching. Conclusion: These results contribute to knowledge about contemporary antenatal parental education in Sweden. Our results showed that antenatal parental education is not always in accordance with parents’ expectations, especially concerning early parenthood and guidance on the internet. To provide antenatal parental education tailored to the needs of expectant parents it is vital to develop evidence-based guidelines and to address midwives’ needs for improved skills in group leadership and teaching.
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| 27. |
- Pålsson, Petra, et al.
(author)
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First-time fathers experiences of their prenatal preparation in relation to challenges met in the early parenthood period : Implications for early parenthood preparation
- 2017
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In: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138. ; 50, s. 86-92
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective to describe first-time fathers experiences of their prenatal preparation in relation to challenges met in the early parenthood period. Design a qualitative study was conducted and data was analysed with a phenomenographical approach. Setting and participants 15 first-time fathers were recruited from three postnatal units in southern Sweden and interviewed approximately one month after their baby was born. Measurements and findings three categories and 14 conceptions about fathers' experiences of their preparation emerged from the data. ‘Acquiring knowledge and forming realistic expectations' was essential for ‘Developing strategies' and ‘Being facilitated and supported' enhanced these processes. Key conclusions and implications for practice supporting fathers to develop strategies for life with a new baby and providing expert guidance to fruitful and accurate information may help the construction of a fatherhood identity and strengthen the fatherhood role. The findings can be used to develop a parental preparation for early parenthood that will correspond to fathers' needs.
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| 28. |
- Pålsson, Petra, et al.
(author)
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"I didn't know what to ask about": First-time mothers' conceptions of prenatal preparation for the early parenthood period.
- 2018
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In: Journal of Perinatal Education. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1058-1243 .- 1548-8519. ; 27:3, s. 163-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this phenomenographic study was to describe first-time mothers’ conceptions of prenatal preparation for the early parenthood period in relation to their experiences of early parenthood. Eighteen first-time mothers were interviewed approximately 1 month after giving birth. The categories identified in the analysis were: accessing appropriate sources of support, gaining knowledge to form realistic expectations, and mobilizing and strengthening personal resources. First-time mothers want health professionals to actively address postnatal issues as they have difficulties in knowing prenatally what knowledge will prepare them for early parenthood. Both professional and peer support during pregnancy were conceived as important for gaining knowledge. Professionals can support by guidance to reliable sources of information and encouraging personal reflections and partner communication.
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| 29. |
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Reflections on Technology for Educational Practitioners: Philosophers of Technology Inspiring Technology Education
- 2019
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reflections on Technology for Educational Practitioners analyzes the use of philosophy of technology in technology education and unpacks the concept of ‘reflective practitioners’ (Donald Schön) in the field. Philosophy of technology develops ideas and concepts that are valuable for technology education because they show the basic characteristics of technology that are important if technology education is to present a fair image of what technology is. Each chapter focuses on the oeuvre of one particular philosopher of which a description is given and then insights are offered about technology as developed by that philosopher and how it has been fruitful for technology education in all its aspects: motives for having it in the curriculum, goals for technology education, content of the curriculum, teaching strategies, knowledge types taught, ways of assessing, resources, educational research for technology education, amongst others.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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