| 1. |
- Bergström, Markus, et al.
(author)
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The Settlement
- 2019
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In: Verksmidjan art space in Hjalteyri, Iceland (Permanent installation) N4 regional television.
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Artistic work (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A one week workshop and performance leading up to a permanent installation of a prototyped, functional living space within a former fish factory. Initiated by french artist Sonia Levy, director of Verksmidjan Gustav Geir Bollason and myself. Carried out in all by 13 participants (stated above).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aretun, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Ekonomiska styrmedel för en hållbar personbilstrafik : konsekvenser för tillgänglighet: en kunskapsöversikt
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att presentera en översikt av befintliga styrmedel i Norge och Sverige som avser att ge ekonomiska incitament för individer att förändra sin bilanvändning i hållbar riktning. Syftet är vidare att ge en kunskapsöversikt kring hur dessa styrmedel har behandlats i internationell tillgänglighetsforskning där frågor kring jämlikhet och fördelning av tillgänglighet mellan individer och grupper i samhället fokuseras. Rapporten inleds med en översikt av befintliga styrmedel som syftar till hållbar personbilstrafik i Norge och Sverige. Rapporten fortsätter med en introduktion av internationell tillgänglighetsforskning; hur tillgänglighet, jämlikhet och fördelning konceptualiseras och utforskas inom denna forskning och forskningens centrala resultat. Därefter redogörs för hur ekonomiska styrmedel som syftar till hållbar personbilstrafik behandlas i tillgänglighetslitteraturen samt vilka behov av vidare forskning som identifieras i denna litteratur. Rapporten avslutas med att presentera ett antal områden av relevans för fortsatt forskning i Sverige och Norge. I rapporten visas att ekonomiska styrmedel riktade mot personbilstrafik för att åstadkomma hållbara transporter har uppmärksammats alltmer i internationell tillgänglighetsforskning under senare år. I tillgänglighetslitteraturen behandlas och diskuteras dessa ekonomiska styrmedel utifrån forskningsresultat inom fältet kring ojämlika strukturella förhållanden när det gäller medborgares tillgång till transporter och dess sociala konsekvenser. Genomgående bedöms de ekonomiska styrmedlen leda till att transportrelaterad social ojämlikhet och utsatthet ökar. Styrmedlen förväntas försämra tillgängligheten för de medborgare som har svårt att bära ökade transportkostnader, men som samtidigt måste använda bil för att få tillgång till nödvändiga samhällsfunktioner såsom exempelvis arbete, baskonsumtion, utbildning, hälso- och sjukvård. I grunden hänger denna problematik samman med en bilanpassad samhällsbyggnad avseende lokaliseringsmönster och transportinfrastruktur som försvårar för människor att skapa tillgänglighet med andra transportmedel: gång-, cykel- och kollektivtrafik. De ekonomiska styrmedlen avvisas inte som sådana i litteraturen. Däremot riktas kritik mot att införandet av dessa inte åtföljs av förändrade lokaliseringsmönster samt satsningar på alternativ transportinfrastruktur som minskar medborgares bilberoende och som därmed skulle mildra negativa jämlikhets- och fördelningseffekter.
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| 4. |
- Aretun, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Ekonomiska styrmedel för en hållbar personbilstrafik – konsekvenser för tillgänglighet : En kunskapsöversikt
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att presentera en översikt av befintliga styrmedel i Norge och Sverige som avser att ge ekonomiska incitament för individer att förändra sin bilanvändning i hållbar riktning. Syftet är vidare att ge en kunskapsöversikt kring hur dessa styrmedel har behandlats i internationell tillgänglighetsforskning där frågor kring jämlikhet och fördelning av tillgänglighet mellan individer och grupper i samhället fokuseras. Rapporten inleds med en översikt av befintliga styrmedel som syftar till hållbar personbilstrafik i Norge och Sverige. Rapporten fortsätter med en introduktion av internationell tillgänglighetsforskning; hur tillgänglighet, jämlikhet och fördelning konceptualiseras och utforskas inom denna forskning och forskningens centrala resultat. Därefter redogörs för hur ekonomiska styrmedel som syftar till hållbar personbilstrafik behandlas i tillgänglighetslitteraturen samt vilka behov av vidare forskning som identifieras i denna litteratur. Rapporten avslutas med att presentera ett antal områden av relevans för fortsatt forskning i Sverige och Norge. I rapporten visas att ekonomiska styrmedel riktade mot personbilstrafik för att åstadkomma hållbara transporter har uppmärksammats alltmer i internationell tillgänglighetsforskning under senare år. I tillgänglighetslitteraturen behandlas och diskuteras dessa ekonomiska styrmedel utifrån forskningsresultat inom fältet kring ojämlika strukturella förhållanden när det gäller medborgares tillgång till transporter och dess sociala konsekvenser. Genomgående bedöms de ekonomiska styrmedlen leda till att transportrelaterad social ojämlikhet och utsatthet ökar. Styrmedlen förväntas försämra tillgängligheten för de medborgare som har svårt att bära ökade transportkostnader, men som samtidigt måste använda bil för att få tillgång till nödvändiga samhällsfunktioner såsom exempelvis arbete, baskonsumtion, utbildning, hälso- och sjukvård. I grunden hänger denna problematik samman med en bilanpassad samhällsbyggnad avseende lokaliseringsmönster och transportinfrastruktur som försvårar för människor att skapa tillgänglighet med andra transportmedel: gång-, cykel- och kollektivtrafik. De ekonomiska styrmedlen avvisas inte som sådana i litteraturen. Däremot riktas kritik mot att införandet av dessa inte åtföljs av förändrade lokaliseringsmönster samt satsningar på alternativ transportinfrastruktur som minskar medborgares bilberoende och som därmed skulle mildra negativa jämlikhets- och fördelningseffekter. I tillgänglighetslitteraturen poängteras att kunskapen generellt är bristfällig kring bilberoende respektive hur tillgängligheten med alternativa transportslag ser ut i samhället; hur tillgänglighet fördelar sig mellan individer och grupper med olika transportförutsättningar och transportbehov i samspel med lokaliseringsmönster och transportinfrastruktur. Bristen på kunskap förklaras med att tillgänglighet kräver analys av empiriska faktorer som traditionellt har ansetts ligga utanför transportområdet. I mycket transportforskning fokuseras resande och rörlighet som sådant. Denna fokusering präglar även 6 VTI notat 33-2012 FoU om ekonomiska styrmedel, vilket således medför att jämlikhets- och fördelningseffekter avseende rörlighet utreds. Tillgänglighet kräver studium av hur människors transportbehov och transportvillkor är sammanlänkade med hur samhällslivet är organiserat i tid och rum. För att utreda jämlikhets- och fördelningseffekter av ekonomiska styrmedel avseende tillgänglighet måste modeller och metoder som kan hantera sociospatiala förhållanden appliceras, där hänvisning görs till utvecklingsarbetet inom tillgänglighetsforskningen kring Social Impact Assessments och Accessibility Planning. Det är angeläget att i kommande FoU testa och utveckla den här typen av modeller, anpassade till geografiska förhållanden i Sverige och Norge. Det är vidare viktigt att studera hur miljömål och tillgänglighetsmål och eventuella målkonflikter hanteras i den politiskt-administrativa processen som föranleder ekonomiska styrmedel riktade mot personbilstrafiken. Det är också angeläget att studera hur en bättre samverkan kan ske mellan olika transportpolitiska verktyg för att uppnå mål om hållbara transporter såsom styrmedel, regleringar, transportplanering och fysisk planering. För denna FoU kan ett komparativt perspektiv mellan Norge och Sverige vara värdefullt.
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| 5. |
- Balk, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a cofactor in at least five life-sustaining enzymes that are required for basic cellular metabolism. Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiaminedependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. These biochemical effects were also linked to secondary effects on growth, condition, liver size, blood chemistry and composition, histopathology, swimming behaviour and endurance, parasite infestation, and reproduction. It is unlikely that the thiamine deficiency is caused by impaired phosphorylation within the cells. Rather, the results point towards insufficient amounts of thiamine in the food. By investigating a large geographic area, by extending the focus from lethal to sublethal thiamine deficiency, and by linking biochemical alterations to secondary effects, we demonstrate that the problem of thiamine deficiency is considerably more widespread and severe than previously reported.
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| 6. |
- Barrett, Jennifer H., et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association study identifies three new melanoma susceptibility loci
- 2011
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:11, s. 1108-1113
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report a genome-wide association study for melanoma that was conducted by the GenoMEL Consortium. Our discovery phase included 2,981 individuals with melanoma and 1,982 study-specific control individuals of European ancestry, as well as an additional 6,426 control subjects from French or British populations, all of whom were genotyped for 317,000 or 610,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our analysis replicated previously known melanoma susceptibility loci. Seven new regions with at least one SNP with P < 10(-5) and further local imputed or genotyped support were selected for replication using two other genome-wide studies (from Australia and Texas, USA). Additional replication came from case-control series from the UK and The Netherlands. Variants at three of the seven loci replicated at P < 10(-3): an SNP in ATM (rs1801516, overall P = 3.4 x 10(-9)), an SNP in MX2 (rs45430, P = 2.9 x 10-9) and an SNP adjacent to CASP8 (rs13016963, P = 8.6 x 10(-10)). A fourth locus near CCND1 remains of potential interest, showing suggestive but inconclusive evidence of replication (rs1485993, overall P = 4.6 x 10(-7) under a fixed-effects model and P = 1.2 x 10(-3) under a random-effects model). These newly associated variants showed no association with nevus or pigmentation phenotypes in a large British case-control series.
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Safety and efficacy of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in five groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls in a prospective open-label clinical trial
- 2021
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In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Patients with immunocompromised disorders have mainly been excluded from clinical trials of vaccination against COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this prospective clinical trial was to investigate safety and efficacy of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in five selected groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls.Methods: 539 study subjects (449 patients and 90 controls) were included. The patients had either primary (n=90), or secondary immunodeficiency disorders due to human immunodeficiency virus infection (n=90), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation/CAR T cell therapy (n=90), solid organ transplantation (SOT) (n=89), or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (n=90). The primary endpoint was seroconversion rate two weeks after the second dose. The secondary endpoints were safety and documented SARS-CoV-2 infection.Findings: Adverse events were generally mild, but one case of fatal suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction occurred. 72.2% of the immunocompromised patients seroconverted compared to 100% of the controls (p=0.004). Lowest seroconversion rates were found in the SOT (43.4%) and CLL (63.3%) patient groups with observed negative impact of treatment with mycophenolate mofetil and ibrutinib, respectively.Interpretation: The results showed that the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine was safe in immunocompromised patients. Rate of seroconversion was substantially lower than in healthy controls, with a wide range of rates and antibody titres among predefined patient groups and subgroups. This clinical trial highlights the need for additional vaccine doses in certain immunocompromised patient groups to improve immunity.
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| 8. |
- Bergsten, Lisa, 1990-
(author)
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Housing tenures in Sweden; from rental to ownership and intermediate tenures
- 2023
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The importance of housing tenures for a well-functioning housing market is repeatedly emphasized. Such suggestions include the need for balance between tenures, various tenures, mixed tenures in neighborhoods, et cetera. The development of new types of housing tenures has also been noticed as a tool or vehicle to make the housing market accessible to more people, either through creating more affordable housing or supporting homeownership. Since these tenures often combine attributes from both ownership and rental - and place somewhere in between rental and ownership on a continuum, they are often described as intermediate housing tenures. Intermediate tenures and concepts have been developed in Sweden as more people encounter difficulties accessing the housing market.As these new tenures and schemes develop, so does the need to increase the understanding of them, for example, in terms of the legal framework, rights, obligations, as well as risk exposure. This thesis examines the content of various tenures (established and new ones) and explores how and why intermediate tenures and concepts have been developed. This thesis includes two appended papers. The first paper is a comparative case study examining the design and content of the primary tenures in four Nordic countries. The second paper is a case study of four intermediate concepts in Sweden. As methods for data collection, document and literature studies were used for both papers, and paper 2 was supplemented with expert interviews with representatives from the concept developers.The findings imply significant similarities between the tenures in the four Nordic countries based on their design and content. Based on the literature, some attributes for overall tenures, such as ownership and rental, can be pointed out (although major differences still exist between tenure forms). In summary, attributes associated with ownership include far-reaching rights and responsibilities as well as risk-taking. In comparison, these rights are much more restricted for rentals, which do not include risk- taking. This also corresponds with the findings, showing that tenures within ownership have the most far- reaching rights, particularly regarding the right to transfer or let out the housing unit and the value therefrom. Furthermore, the rights are most restricted for rentals, while the tenures between ownership and rental also have bundles of rights in between. The studied intermediate tenures and concepts in Sweden were described to have evolved from the difficulties many faces in accessing the housing market (or the poor housing conditions that prevailed when they were created), like intermediate tenures in countries worldwide. Most of the studied concepts are new and, thus, still in the establishment phase. However, the developers see potential to scale up the concepts. Challenges identified in order to establish and scale up such concepts are to reach out with information to various actors and to achieve a certain degree of recognition, getting access to buildable land, and financial issues. The financial issues both concern the financial ability to initiate this type of project and to consider the current members' interest while scaling up the concepts.This thesis has contributed to the literature on intermediate housing tenures by providing examples of four cases of intermediate tenures from a Swedish context. This contribution can provide insights into the development of such tenures and concepts as well as some of the challenges the developers have met. These insights can also be a valuable practical contribution for actors, such as municipalities, policymakers, housing developers, and so forth, to understand some of the difficulties developers of new concepts meet.
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| 9. |
- Bergsten, Lisa, 1990-, et al.
(author)
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Intermediary housing tenures in Sweden : Developers’ response to inaccessible housingmarkets and its implications for tenant-buyers
- 2023
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In: Nordic Journal of Urban Studies. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 2703-8866. ; 3:1, s. 4-22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden, long queues to rental housing and high purchase prices on the ownership market increasingly exclude alsomid-income households without larger savings. This has prompted some housing developers to introduce intermediary tenures that have the potential to open up the housing market to a wider layer of the population. Among thesemodels, there are intermediary tenures of a longer standing which are deemed to have potential for up-scaling. Theaim of this paper is to analyse two shared ownership and two cooperative rental models from legal and economicperspectives to see to what extent, and subject to what risks, these models add to housing opportunities of the targetgroups. In doing so, we connect to the European literature on intermediary housing tenures and theories on institutions and property rights The study implies that the concepts have the potential to scale up and reach larger targetgroups but that access to buildable land, stable financial solutions, and continued institutionalization of the conceptsare essential. The concepts are largely based on existing tenures with existing legislation, potentially providing a saferand more predictable setting. However, financial literacy among buyers is limited, which is calls for attention andcontinued intense information work by developers.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bishop, D. Timothy, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association study identifies three loci associated with melanoma risk
- 2009
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:8, s. 920-925
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report a genome-wide association study of melanoma conducted by the GenoMEL consortium based on 317K tagging SNPs for 1,650 selected cases and 4,336 controls, with replication in an additional two cohorts (1,149 selected cases and 964 controls from GenoMEL, and a population-based case-control study in Leeds of 1,163 cases and 903 controls). The genome-wide screen identified five loci with genotyped or imputed SNPs reaching P < 5 x 10(-7). Three of these loci were replicated: 16q24 encompassing MC1R (combined P = 2.54 x 10(-27) for rs258322), 11q14-q21 encompassing TYR (P = 2.41 x 10(-14) for rs1393350) and 9p21 adjacent to MTAP and flanking CDKN2A (P = 4.03 x 10(-7) for rs7023329). MC1R and TYR are associated with pigmentation, freckling and cutaneous sun sensitivity, well-recognized melanoma risk factors. Common variants within the 9p21 locus have not previously been associated with melanoma. Despite wide variation in allele frequency, these genetic variants show notable homogeneity of effect across populations of European ancestry living at different latitudes and show independent association to disease risk.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Brorström-Lundén, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Dioxins in atmospheric deposition: comparison of samplers
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs /PCDFs) have great potential for atmospheric long-range transport and deposition. The atmosphere is an important pathway for these contaminants to both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The Swedish national monitoring program for organic contaminants in air and precipitation includes, except PCDD/PCDFs, a large number of different substances/group of substances which differ in chemical and physical properties which not only affect their behaviour in the atmosphere and the deposition process but also the requirements on sampling methods used. This leads to great demands on the type of deposition sampler to be used in a monitoring program where the aim is to monitor several different organic substances and compromises are necessary when choosing sampler type.The overall aim of this study is to compare two different types of deposition samplers for sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs. These two samplers, the IVL-sampler and the MONAS sampler, have quite different sampling characteristics. In addition, brominated dioxins/furans were included in the measurements in order to get an idea of their occurrence in deposition at the Swedish west coast.The sampling program lasted for one year with 4 sampling periods with a sampling duration of 3 months. This gives results showing seasonal variation and the opportunity to estimate the annual deposition.The overall results from this study show that:• Differences in measured deposition fluxes were found between the two samplers with a variation in magnitude between different sampling occasions. A greater amount of dioxins/furans in deposition was measured with the MONAS sampler at three out of the four periods.• The annual dioxin/furan deposition was about 25 % higher with the MONAS sampler compared to the IVL sampler, when LOD (limit of detection) was replaced with zero for all non-detected congeners in the sum of the congeners.•The results from the sampling comparison for the two samplers gave a difference of 25%on annual basis which should be assessed in relation to the given analytical uncertainty which was +/-29% for all samples.The results found here are in agreement with other comparison studies when deposition samplers with different sampling characteristics were used (Brorström-Lundén, 1995). From this and other studies we can conclude that sampling of dioxins/furans as well as for other POPs gives different deposition fluxes when using samplers with different sampling characteristics. The collection efficiency differs not only among e.g. different congeners but also between sampling occasions which differ in ambient conditions such as amounts of precipitation, ambient air temperature and atmospheric particle concentrations. The choice of the type of deposition sampler to be used must therefore depend on the purpose of the measurements and the results should be discussed in relation to the sampling methods.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Brouwers, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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MicroWorlds as a Tool for Policy Making
- 2001
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Hungarian government is experiencing escalating costs for ood mitigationmeasures and for economical compensation to victims. In a jointresearch project between the International Institute of Applied System Analysis(IIASA) in Austria, Computer and System Science Department (DSV)in Sweden, and the Hungarian Academy of Science, the ooding problem ofUpper Tisza in Hungary is investigated. A catastrophe simulation model hasbeen implemented, where dierent policy options are tested and evaluated.We investigate how the willingness to buy insurance aects the results onthe macro-level and on the micro-level.
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| 17. |
- Brouwers, Lisa, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Multi-criteria decision-making of policy strategies with public-private re-insurance systems
- 2004
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In: Risk, Decision, and Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-5309 .- 1466-4534. ; 9:1, s. 23-45
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article describes an integrated flood catastrophe model as well as some results of a case study made in the Upper Tisza region in north-eastern Hungary: the Palad-Csecsei basin. The background data was provided through the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and complemented by interviews with different stakeholders in the region. Based on these data, for which a large degree of uncertainty is prevailing, we demonstrate how an implementation of a simulation and decision analytical model can provide insights into the effects of imposing different policy options for a flood risk management program in the region. We focus herein primarily on general options for designing a public-private insurance and reinsurance system for Hungary. Obviously, this is a multi-criteria and multi-stakeholder problem and cannot be solved using standard approaches. It should, however, be emphasised that the main purpose of this article is not to provide any definite recommendations, but rather to explore a set of policy packages that could gain a consensus among the stakeholders.
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| 18. |
- Brouwers, Lisa, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Simulation of Three Competing Flood Management Strategies : A Case Study
- 2002
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In: Proceedings of the Applied Simulation and Modelling (ASM). - Anaheim : actapress.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We argue that integrated catastrophe models are useful for policy decisions, for which a large degree of uncertainty is a natural ingredient. Recently, much attention has been given to the financial management of natural disasters. This article describes the results of a case study performed in northeastern Hungary where different flood manage ment strategies have been explored and compared using an integrated catastrophe model. The area used for the pilot study is the Palad-Csecsei basin (the Pilot basin) where 4 621 persons live. The Pilot basin is located in the Upper Tisza region. An executable and geographically explicit model has been developed, linking hydrological, geographical, financial, and social data. The outcomes of the policy simulations are represented at different granularity-levels; the individual, the aggregated (entire basin), and the governmental.
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| 19. |
- Carlström, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Peritoneal dialysis impairs nitric oxide homeostasis and may predispose infants with low systolic blood pressure to cerebral ischemia
- 2016
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In: Nitric Oxide - Biology and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1089-8603 .- 1089-8611. ; 58, s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background & purpose Infants on chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) have an increased risk of developing neurological morbidities; however, the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. In this clinical study, we investigated whether PD-mediated impairment of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and signaling, in patients with persistently low systolic blood pressure (SBP), can explain the occurrence of cerebral ischemia. Methods & results Repeated blood pressure measurements, serial neuroimaging studies, and investigations of systemic nitrate and nitrite levels, as well as NO signaling, were performed in ten pediatric patients on PD. We consistently observed the loss of both inorganic nitrate (-17 ± 3%, P < 0.05) and nitrite (-34 ± 4%, P < 0.05) during PD, which may result in impairment of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Indeed, PD was associated with significant reduction of cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels (-59.4 ± 15%, P < 0.05). This reduction in NO signaling was partly prevented by using a commercially available PD solution supplemented with l-arginine. Although PD compromised nitrate-nitrite-NO signaling in all cases, only infants with persistently low SBP developed ischemic cerebral complications. Conclusions Our data suggests that PD impairs NO homeostasis and predisposes infants with persistently low SBP to cerebral ischemia. These findings improve current understanding of the pathogenesis of infantile cerebral ischemia induced by PD and may lead to the new treatment strategies to reduce neurological morbidities.
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| 20. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Regional Patterns of Late Medieval and Early Modern European Building Activity Revealed by Felling Dates
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although variations in building activity are a useful indicator of societal well-being and demographic development, historical datasets for larger regions and longer periods are still rare. Here, we present 54,045 annually precise dendrochronological felling dates from historical construction timber from across most of Europe between 1250 and 1699 CE to infer variations in building activity. We use geostatistical techniques to compare spatiotemporal dynamics in past European building activity against independent demographic, economic, social and climatic data. We show that the felling dates capture major geographical patterns of demographic trends, especially in regions with dense data coverage. A particularly strong negative association is found between grain prices and the number of felling dates. In addition, a significant positive association is found between the number of felling dates and mining activity. These strong associations, with well-known macro-economic indicators from pre-industrial Europe, corroborate the use of felling dates as an independent source for exploring large-scale fluctuations of societal well-being and demographic development. Three prominent examples are the building boom in the Hanseatic League region of northeastern Germany during the 13th century, the onset of the Late Medieval Crisis in much of Europec. 1300, and the cessation of building activity in large parts of central Europe during armed conflicts such as the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648 CE). Despite new insights gained from our European-wide felling date inventory, further studies are needed to investigate changes in construction activity of high versus low status buildings, and of urban versus rural buildings, and to compare those results with a variety of historical documentary sources and natural proxy archives.
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| 21. |
- Ekström, Anna Mia, et al.
(author)
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Occupational exposures and risk of gastric cancer in a population-based case-control study
- 1999
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In: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 59:23, s. 5932-5937
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gastric cancer trends seem to follow improvements in the environment of blue-collar workers, but the etiological role of occupational exposures in gastric carcinogenesis is scantily investigated. The risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in 10 common occupational industries, and particularly the long-term effects of asbestos, organic solvents, impregnating agents, insecticides, and herbicides, were evaluated in a population-based case- control study, including data on most established risk factors. The study base included all individuals of ages 40-79, born in Sweden and living in either of two areas (total population, 1.3 million) with differing gastric cancer incidences, from February 1989 through January 1995. We interviewed 567 cases classified to site (cardia/noncardia) and histological type, and 11(15 population-based controls, frequency-matched for age and sex. Metal workers had a 46% excess gastric cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.94], increasing to 1.65 (95% CI, 1.17- 2.32) for >10 years in the industry. The elevated risk after exposure to herbicides (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.13-2.15) was attributable to phenoxyacetic acids (adjusted OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.16-2.48), similarly across tumor subtypes, and not modified by smoking, body mass index, or Helicobacter pylori. The absence of interaction was demonstrated by the pure multiplicative effect found among those exposed to both H. pylori and phenoxyacetic acids (OR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.41-8.26). Organic solvents, insecticides, impregnating agents, and asbestos were not associated with gastric cancer risk. Employment in the metal industry and exposure to phenoxyacetic acids were both positively and independently associated with gastric cancer risk. The fractions of all gastric cancers attributable to these job-related exposures were small but not negligible (7 and 5%, respectively) in the Swedish population.
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| 22. |
- Engström, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
An Act of Balance : Exploring the Boundaries of Librarianship in Times of Political Turmoil in Sweden and Denmark
- 2023
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper reports from a study produced within the currently ongoing project Public libraries in a changed political landscape – a democratic mission for a new era? The paper compares experiences of librarians and library assistants in Sweden and Denmark concerning how they perceive the democratic role of the library profession in the political landscape of today. Relating to research on the democratic role of libraries, library ethics and issues on neutrality, empirical data was gathered through seven group interviews with library professionals from eleven local libraries in south Sweden and Jutland in Denmark. Results indicate a commonly perceived discrepancy between general formulations of values formulated in professional codes of ethics, and practical librarianship. Dealing with threats and challenges against liberal democratic values in the public library requires an ethical toolbox that in individual cases may question the need for value-neutrality among librarians and library assistants if the basic mission of the library is to be upheld.
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| 23. |
- Engström, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
An Act of Balance : Exploring the Boundaries of Librarianship in Times of Political Turmoil in Sweden and Denmark
- 2024
-
In: Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidskrift. - 1403-3216 .- 2000-8325. ; 27:1, s. 8-25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an analysis of how library professionals in Sweden and Denmark perceive the democratic role of the library profession in the polarised political landscape of today. Relating to research on the democratic role of libraries, professional ethics and cultural policies, empirical data was gathered through seven group interviews with library professionals from eleven local libraries in south Sweden and Jutland in Denmark. Results indicate a commonly perceived discrepancy between general formulations of values found in professional codes of ethics, and practical librarianship. Dealing with threats and challenges against liberal democratic values in the public library requires professional ethical considerations that in individual cases may question the need for value-neutrality among library professionals if the basic democratic mission of the library is to be upheld.
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| 24. |
- Engström, Lisa, et al.
(author)
-
An Act of Balance : Exploring the Boundaries of Librarianship in Times of Political Turmoil in Sweden and Denmark
- 2024
-
In: Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidsskrift. - 2000-8325. ; 27:1, s. 8-25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an analysis of how library professionals in Sweden and Denmark perceive the democratic role of the library profession in the polarised political landscape of today. Relating to research on the democratic role of libraries, professional ethics and cultural policies, empirical data was gathered through seven group interviews with library professionals from eleven local libraries in south Sweden and Jutland in Denmark. Results indicate a commonly perceived discrepancy between general formulations of values found in professional codes of ethics, and practical librarianship. Dealing with threats and challenges against liberal democratic values in the public library requires professional ethical considerations that in individual cases may question the need for value-neutrality among library professionals if the basic democratic mission of the library is to be upheld.
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| 25. |
- Eriksson, Linnea
(author)
-
Policy Integration for Sustainable Transport Development : Case Studies of Two Swedish Regions
- 2016
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It has been argued that for the management of complex issues such as sustainability, which transcend traditional policy sectors and require coordination between several different interests and actors, policymaking depends upon collaboration and integration processes between different sectors and tiers of government. The overall aim of this thesis is therefore to study how and why (or why not) policy integration processes are being developed in regional policymaking and what this means for the achievement of sustainable transport. The thesis consists of two separate qualitative case studies of policymaking in two Swedish regions, one representing a least likely case and the other a most likely case of policy integration. The focus has been on the organizational actors involved in policymaking processes for the regional transport system. For the general discussion the theoretical framework of policy integration, complemented by the analytical concepts of policy logics, organizational identities and boundary object are used. The findings are presented in four articles. An overall conclusion is that policy integration processes do not necessarily result in policy for sustainable transport. If policy integration becomes a goal in itself and the same as joint policy, it risks neglecting sustainable values and becoming the smallest common denominator that a number of actors can agree on. For developing sustainable transport solutions, collaboration for the coordination of policy may be beneficial, but the aim of such processes should not be joint policy.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Fransson, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Science in Swedish school-age educare? : Possible purposes, content and working methods based on teachers´ perceptions
- 2023
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Denna studie avser att undersöka lärare i fritidshems uppfattningar om naturvetenskapsundervisning. Det är brist på ämnesdidaktisk forskning med fokus på fritidshem. I synnerhet finns det nästan ingen forskning som studerar naturvetenskapsundervisning i fritidshem i den nordiska kontexten. Det finns dock en del rapporter som tyder på att frågor som eleverna i fritidshem har om naturvetenskapliga fenomen ofta förblir obesvarade och att det istället är vanligt att undervisningen har andra inriktningar än naturvetenskap. Studien är en del av ett större doktorandprojekt som undersöker de didaktiska frågorna – varför, vad och hur – i relation till naturvetenskapsundervisning i fritidshem. Den första delstudien som redovisas här avser att undersöka lärares uppfattningar om naturvetenskap i fritidshem med fokus på de didaktiska frågorna varför, vad och hur. Insamling av empiriskt material har genomförts genom diskussioner i sex fokusgrupper (totalt 25 lärare). Datamaterialet har analyserats genom tematisk analysmed fokus på de didaktiska frågorna: varför, vad och hur naturvetenskap kan läras ut i SAEC, för att utveckla teman. Temana beskriver lärarnas uppfattningar om varför, vad och hur naturvetenskap kan läras ut i fritidshem. Resultaten kan användas av lärare i fritidshem och lärarstudenter som utgångspunkt för kollegiala diskussioner om naturvetenskap i fritidshem. Således kan resultaten, som bygger på professionella lärares delade erfarenheter, ses som en första byggsten i formuleringen av en didaktisk modell som syftar till att stödja lärares professionella bedömningar, analyser och beslut. Dessutom innebär bristen på ämnesdidaktisk forskning med fokus på fritidshem att detta forskningsprojekt också kan bidra till att fylla denna lucka i forskningen internationellt, inte minst i den nordiska kontexten.
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| 29. |
- Gallo, Valentina, et al.
(author)
-
Parkinson's Disease Case Ascertainment in the EPIC Cohort : The NeuroEPIC4PD Study
- 2015
-
In: Neurodegenerative Diseases. - : S. Karger. - 1660-2854 .- 1660-2862. ; 15:6, s. 331-338
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Aims: Large epidemiological prospective studies represent an important opportunity for investigating risk factors for rare diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we describe the procedures we used for ascertaining PD cases in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. Methods: The following three-phase procedure was used: (1) elaboration of a NeuroEPIC4PD template for clinical data collection, (2) identification of all potential PD cases via record linkage and (3) validation of the diagnosis through clinical record revision, in a population of 220,494 subjects recruited in 7 European countries. All cases were labelled with the NeuroEPIC4PD diagnoses of 'definite', 'very likely', 'probable', or 'possible' PD. Results: A total of 881 PD cases were identified, with over 2,741,780 person-years of follow-up (199 definite, 275 very likely, 146 probable, and 261 possible). Of these, 734 were incident cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 67.9 years (SD 9.2) and 458 patients (52.0%) were men. Bradykinesia was the most frequent presenting motor sign (76.5%). Tremor-dominant and akinetic rigid forms of PD were the most common types of PD. A total of 289 patients (32.8%) were dead at the time of the last follow-up. Conclusions: This exercise proved that it is feasible to ascertain PD in large population-based cohort studies and offers a potential framework to be replicated in similar studies.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Gaziano, Liam, et al.
(author)
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Mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular disease : Observational and mendelian randomization analyses
- 2022
-
In: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 146:20, s. 1507-1517
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.METHODS: Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.8 million person-years of follow-up. Using a genetic risk score of 218 variants for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses involving 413 718 participants (25 917 CHD and 8622 strokes) in EPIC-CVD, Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank.RESULTS: There were U-shaped observational associations of creatinine-based eGFR with CHD and stroke, with higher risk in participants with eGFR values <60 or >105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, compared with those with eGFR between 60 and 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Mendelian randomization analyses for CHD showed an association among participants with eGFR <60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, with a 14% (95% CI, 3%-27%) higher CHD risk per 5 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 lower genetically predicted eGFR, but not for those with eGFR >105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Results were not materially different after adjustment for factors associated with the eGFR genetic risk score, such as lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, and blood pressure. Mendelian randomization results for stroke were nonsignificant but broadly similar to those for CHD.CONCLUSIONS: In people without manifest cardiovascular disease or diabetes, mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to risk of CHD, highlighting the potential value of preventive approaches that preserve and modulate kidney function.
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| 32. |
- Goldstein, Alisa M, et al.
(author)
-
Features associated with germline CDKN2A mutations: a GenoMEL study of melanoma-prone families from three continents
- 2007
-
In: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 44:2, s. 99-106
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The major factors individually reported to be associated with an increased frequency of CDKN2A mutations are increased number of patients with melanoma in a family, early age at melanoma diagnosis, and family members with multiple primary melanomas (MPM) or pancreatic cancer. METHODS: These four features were examined in 385 families with > or =3 patients with melanoma pooled by 17 GenoMEL groups, and these attributes were compared across continents. RESULTS: Overall, 39% of families had CDKN2A mutations ranging from 20% (32/162) in Australia to 45% (29/65) in North America to 57% (89/157) in Europe. All four features in each group, except pancreatic cancer in Australia (p = 0.38), individually showed significant associations with CDKN2A mutations, but the effects varied widely across continents. Multivariate examination also showed different predictors of mutation risk across continents. In Australian families, > or =2 patients with MPM, median age at melanoma diagnosis < or =40 years and > or =6 patients with melanoma in a family jointly predicted the mutation risk. In European families, all four factors concurrently predicted the risk, but with less stringent criteria than in Australia. In North American families, only > or =1 patient with MPM and age at diagnosis < or =40 years simultaneously predicted the mutation risk. CONCLUSIONS: The variation in CDKN2A mutations for the four features across continents is consistent with the lower melanoma incidence rates in Europe and higher rates of sporadic melanoma in Australia. The lack of a pancreatic cancer-CDKN2A mutation relationship in Australia probably reflects the divergent spectrum of mutations in families from Australia versus those from North America and Europe. GenoMEL is exploring candidate host, genetic and/or environmental risk factors to better understand the variation observed.
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| 33. |
- Goldstein, Alisa M., et al.
(author)
-
High-risk melanoma susceptibility genes and pancreatic cancer, neural system tumors, and uveal melanoma across GenoMEL
- 2006
-
In: Cancer Research. - 1538-7445 .- 0008-5472. ; 66:20, s. 9818-9828
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- GenoMEL, comprising major familial melanoma research groups from North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia has created the largest familial melanoma sample yet available to characterize mutations in the high-risk melanoma susceptibility genes CDKN2A/alternate reading frames (ARF), which encodes p16 and p14ARF, and CDK4 and to evaluate their relationship with pancreatic cancer (PC), neural system tumors (NST), and uveal melanoma (UM). This study included 466 families (2,137 patients) with at least three melanoma patients from 17 GenoMEL centers. Overall, 41% (n = 190) of families had mutations; most involved p16 (n = 178). Mutations in CDK4 (n = 5) and ARF (n = 7) occurred at similar frequencies (2-3%). There were striking differences in mutations across geographic locales. The proportion of families with the most frequent founder mutation(s) of each locale differed significantly across the seven regions (P = 0.0009). Single founder CDKN2A mutations were predominant in Sweden (p.R112_L113insR, 92% of family's mutations) and the Netherlands (c.225_243del19, 90% of family's mutations). France, Spain, and Italy had the same most frequent mutation (p.G101W). Similarly, Australia and United Kingdom had the same most common mutations (p.M53I, cdVS2-105A > G, p.R24P, and p.L32P). As reported previously, there was a strong association between PC and CDKN2A mutations (P < 0.0001). This relationship differed by mutation. In contrast, there was little evidence for an association between CDKN2A mutations and NST (P = 0.52) or UM (P = 0.25). There was a marginally significant association between NST and ARF (P = 0.05). However, this particular evaluation had low power and requires confirmation. This GenoMEL study provides the most extensive characterization of mutations in high-risk melanoma susceptibility genes in families with three or more melanoma patients yet available.
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| 34. |
- Grady, Christine, et al.
(author)
-
Broad Consent for Research With Biological Samples : Workshop Conclusions
- 2015
-
In: American Journal of Bioethics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1526-5161 .- 1536-0075. ; 15:9, s. 34-42
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different types of consent are used to obtain human biospecimens for future research. This variation has resulted in confusion regarding what research is permitted, inadvertent constraints on future research, and research proceeding without consent. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center's Department of Bioethics held a workshop to consider the ethical acceptability of addressing these concerns by using broad consent for future research on stored biospecimens. Multiple bioethics scholars, who have written on these issues, discussed the reasons for consent, the range of consent strategies, and gaps in our understanding, and concluded with a proposal for broad initial consent coupled with oversight and, when feasible, ongoing provision of information to donors. This article describes areas of agreement and areas that need more research and dialogue. Given recent proposed changes to the Common Rule, and new guidance regarding storing and sharing data and samples, this is an important and timely topic.
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| 35. |
- Grönwall, Caroline, et al.
(author)
-
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Relationship Between Different IgG and IgA Anti-Modified Protein Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2021
-
In: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-3224. ; 12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) with different fine-specificities. Yet, other serum anti-modified protein autoantibodies (AMPA), e.g. anti-carbamylated (Carb), -acetylated (KAc), and malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA) modified protein antibodies, have been described. In this comprehensive study, we analyze 30 different IgG and IgA AMPA reactivities to Cit, Carb, KAc, and MAA antigens detected by ELISA and autoantigen arrays in N=1985 newly diagnosed RA patients. Association with patient characteristics such as smoking and disease activity were explored. Carb and KAc reactivities by different assays were primarily seen in patients also positive for anti-citrulline reactivity. Modified vimentin (mod-Vim) peptides were used for direct comparison of different AMPA reactivities, revealing that IgA AMPA recognizing mod-Vim was mainly detected in subsets of patients with high IgG anti-Cit-Vim levels and a history of smoking. IgG reactivity to acetylation was mainly detected in a subset of patients with Cit and Carb reactivity. Anti-acetylated histone reactivity was RA-specific and associated with high anti-CCP2 IgG levels, multiple ACPA fine-specificities, and smoking status. This reactivity was also found to be present in CCP2+ RA-risk individuals without arthritis. Our data further demonstrate that IgG autoreactivity to MAA was increased in RA compared to controls with highest levels in CCP2+ RA, but was not RA-specific, and showed low correlation with other AMPA. Anti-MAA was instead associated with disease activity and was not significantly increased in CCP2+ individuals at risk of RA. Notably, RA patients could be subdivided into four different subsets based on their AMPA IgG and IgA reactivity profiles. Our serology results were complemented by screening of monoclonal antibodies derived from single B cells from RA patients for the same antigens as the RA cohort. Certain CCP2+ clones had Carb or Carb+KAc+ multireactivity, while such reactivities were not found in CCP2- clones. We conclude that autoantibodies exhibiting different patterns of ACPA fine-specificities as well as Carb and KAc reactivity are present in RA and may be derived from multireactive B-cell clones. Carb and KAc could be considered reactivities within the "Cit-umbrella" similar to ACPA fine-specificities, while MAA reactivity is distinctly different.
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| 36. |
- Hageman, Steven H. J., et al.
(author)
-
Prediction of individual lifetime cardiovascular risk and potential treatment benefit: development and recalibration of the LIFE-CVD2 model to four European risk regions
- 2024
-
In: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims The 2021 European Society of Cardiology prevention guidelines recommend the use of (lifetime) risk prediction models to aid decisions regarding initiation of prevention. We aimed to update and systematically recalibrate the LIFEtime-perspective CardioVascular Disease (LIFE-CVD) model to four European risk regions for the estimation of lifetime CVD risk for apparently healthy individuals.Methods and results The updated LIFE-CVD (i.e. LIFE-CVD2) models were derived using individual participant data from 44 cohorts in 13 countries (687 135 individuals without established CVD, 30 939 CVD events in median 10.7 years of follow-up). LIFE-CVD2 uses sex-specific functions to estimate the lifetime risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD events with adjustment for the competing risk of non-CVD death and is systematically recalibrated to four distinct European risk regions. The updated models showed good discrimination in external validation among 1 657 707 individuals (61 311 CVD events) from eight additional European cohorts in seven countries, with a pooled C-index of 0.795 (95% confidence interval 0.767-0.822). Predicted and observed CVD event risks were well calibrated in population-wide electronic health records data in the UK (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) and the Netherlands (Extramural LUMC Academic Network). When using LIFE-CVD2 to estimate potential gain in CVD-free life expectancy from preventive therapy, projections varied by risk region reflecting important regional differences in absolute lifetime risk. For example, a 50-year-old smoking woman with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mmHg was estimated to gain 0.9 years in the low-risk region vs. 1.6 years in the very high-risk region from lifelong 10 mmHg SBP reduction. The benefit of smoking cessation for this individual ranged from 3.6 years in the low-risk region to 4.8 years in the very high-risk region.Conclusion By taking into account geographical differences in CVD incidence using contemporary representative data sources, the recalibrated LIFE-CVD2 model provides a more accurate tool for the prediction of lifetime risk and CVD-free life expectancy for individuals without previous CVD, facilitating shared decision-making for cardiovascular prevention as recommended by 2021 European guidelines. The study introduces LIFE-CVD2, a new tool that helps predict the risk of heart disease over a person's lifetime, and highlights how where you live in Europe can affect this risk. Using health information from over 687 000 people, LIFE-CVD2 looks at things like blood pressure and whether someone smokes to figure out their chance of having heart problems later in life. Health information from another 1.6 million people in seven different European countries was used to show that it did a good job of predicting who might develop heart disease.Knowing your heart disease risk over your whole life helps doctors give you the best advice to keep your heart healthy. Let us say there is a 50-year-old woman who smokes and has a bit high blood pressure. Right now, she might not look like she is in danger. But with the LIFE-CVD2 tool, doctors can show her how making changes today, like lowering her blood pressure or stopping smoking, could mean many more years without heart problems. These healthy changes can make a big difference over many years.
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| 37. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(author)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 38. |
- Hanell, Fredrik, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Canaries of Democracy : The Role of Public Libraries in Times of Political Turmoil
- 2024
-
In: Public Library Quarterly. - 1541-1540 .- 0161-6846. ; , s. 1-25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article reports conclusions from a three-year research project on Swedish public libraries. The focus of the project is on librarians experience of libraries mission to promote democracy when democratic norms and values are challenged politically by radical right populism. Results of a longitudinal survey point to stability and lack of political interest over time, but increased societal polarization causes several ethical dilemmas for librarians. Examples of illegitimate political influence and librarians adapting to changes in the political climate call for renewed discussions on the professional role and understandings of democracy in library practice.
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| 39. |
- Hansson, Emma-Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Rapport för projekt Verksamhetskartläggning forskningsdata : Ett underprojekt till uppdrag Samordning av universitetets hantering av forskningsdata
- 2021
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Projektet har gjort en kartläggning över Lunds universitets förmågor att stötta god forskningsdatahantering med hjälp av verksamhetsarkitekturella metoder. Kartläggningen grundar sig på intervjuermed forskare, workshops med forskare, intervjuer med expertroller och stödorganisationspersonal,samt enkät till stödorganisationer. Analyser av insamlat material har resulterat i grafiska representationer av förmågor som universitetet behöver ha, och i en bild av status i nuläget, i en s.k. heatmap.Resultaten visar att en satsning på forskningsdataområdet, som utgår ifrån ledningen, och som samlar utvecklingen i en gemensamt uttagen riktning, är centralt.En rekommenderad färdplan presenteras för 2021–2023, med fokus på organisatoriska aspekter samtutvecklingsinitiativ av särskild vikt. Utvecklingen framåt ska ses utifrån förmågorna, och inte utifrån nuvarande organisatoriska upplägg,för att komma forskarna till gagn. Forskningsdataområdet går, precis som e-infrastrukturområdet, påtvärs över många organisatoriska gränser, och behöver få det utrymmet för en gynnsam utveckling.Detta gäller såväl horisontellt som vertikalt inom universitetet. Ledningen behöver stå för en visionoch tydligt uttagen riktning, som följs av resurssättning och beredskap för förändring inom organisationen
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| 40. |
- Hansson, Ida, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Handling and comfort evaluation of extra seat belt concepts for rear seat passengers
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Pre-crash car manoeuvres may contribute to head injuries to restrained children in frontal impacts. Evasive steering manoeuvres can cause the shoulder belt to slide off the shoulder resulting in excessive forward head excursion. This can allow the head to get in contact with the seat back in front of them.The overall aim of this project was to evaluate different restraint concepts that can maintain the rear-seated occupant well restrained during evasive manoeuvres prior to frontal collisions. Two extra seat belt concepts, named CrissCross (CC) and BackPack (BP), for the rear seat of a passenger car were developed and installed in a Volvo V60. In the project aspects such as handling and comfort were studied, as well as user acceptance and attitude towards the two extra seat belt concepts. To fulfil the goals of the project three different studies were performed; the Guessability study, the Attitude study and the Comfort study. The studies were carried out with children, youths and adults as test subjects. The guessability study was a field study where 100 persons testing handling of the extra seat belt when seeing it for the first time. In the attitude study, 5 focus groups were conducted to explore the user’s attitude to and acceptance of extra seat belts. Moreover, in the comfort study 32 and 14 test subjects respectively evaluated use aspects such as comfort and user experience during one-hour and three-hour car rides respectively. Subjective data, colleted through interviews and questionnaires, were analysed. The data provided comprehensive information as well as understanding of how the user experienced the extra seat belts in a realistic usage situation and also their attitudes towards the extra seat belts and which factors that affect the acceptance of the product. Generally the test subjects showed a positive attitude towards the extra seat belts. Both children and adults appreciated the increased feeling of safety and after having tried both concepts in the comfort study 90 % (for CC) and 70 % (for BP) respectively said that they felt safer travelling with these belt concepts than without. Comfort was considered an important factor in both the attitude and the comfort study. Body shape and size affected the seat belt fit to a great extent and the fit of the extra seat belts affected the comfort experience for most test subjects, both initially and over time. Comfort together with the feeling of safety was pointed out as having greatest impact on preferred concept.In the attitude study 86 % of the participants preferred CC after having tried both concepts for a couple of minutes. After having tried the concepts for one hour each in the comfort study, 56% of the participants preferred CC. This result strongly indicates that the comfort experience of the extra seat belt changes over time. Those who liked CC best appreciated its symmetry, comfort and the feeling of safety. Some test subjects found CC unpleasant to wear because the belts tended to slip close to the neck, described as a strangling feeling. The test subjects who preferred BP thought it was simpler to handle and that it did not cause the same strangling feeling as CC did. Negative characteristics with BP were that it felt asymmetric to use and not as safe as CC. To conclude, this project provided a first evaluation on how people experience extra seat belts in the rear seat of a car, and which factors that affects attitudes towards it. The studies show that besides reliance in the safety of the product, comfort, information about benefits, launching approach and habit of using the product are important factors when it comes to gain acceptance. The project result contains much valuable knowledge that can benefit further development and introduction of new seat belt concepts in cars.
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| 41. |
- Hansson, Lars-Anders, et al.
(author)
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Experimental evidence for a mismatch between insect emergence and waterfowl hatching under increased spring temperatures
- 2014
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In: Ecosphere. - : Ecological Society of America. - 2150-8925 .- 2150-8925. ; 5:9, s. 120-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By combining a large-scale experimental assessment on timing of insect emergence with longtermmonitoring of waterfowl hatching date, we here show that insect emergence is mainly driven bytemperature, whereas there is only a weak effect of increasing spring temperatures on inter-annualvariability in observations of waterfowl chicks. Hence, a change in timing of the mass-emergence of insectsfrom lakes and wetlands, which is the crucial food source for waterfowl chicks, will likely result in aconsumer/resource mismatch in a future climate change perspective. Specifically, we experimentally showthat a moderate increase in temperature of 38C above ambient, expected to occur within 25–75 years, leadsto a considerably (2 weeks) earlier, and more pronounced, peak in insect emergence (Chironomus sp).Moreover, by utilizing long-term Citizen Science databases, ranging over several decades, we also showthat common waterfowl species are unable to significantly adjust their reproduction to fit futuretemperature increase. Hence, based on our data we predict a future mismatch between insect emergenceand waterfowl species basing their reproduction on temperature. This will have a profound impact onreproductive success and population dynamics of many aquatic birds, as well as on freshwaterbiodiversity.
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| 42. |
- Hansson, Lars-Anders, et al.
(author)
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Experimental evidence for a mismatch between insect emergence and waterfowl hatching under increased spring temperatures
- 2014
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In: Ecosphere. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2150-8925. ; 5:9, s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By combining a large-scale experimental assessment on timing of insect emergence with long-term monitoring of waterfowl hatching date, we here show that insect emergence is mainly driven by temperature, whereas there is only a weak effect of increasing spring temperatures on inter-annual variability in observations of waterfowl chicks. Hence, a change in timing of the mass-emergence of insects from lakes and wetlands, which is the crucial food source for waterfowl chicks, will likely result in a consumer/resource mismatch in a future climate change perspective. Specifically, we experimentally show that a moderate increase in temperature of 3 degrees C above ambient, expected to occur within 25-75 years, leads to a considerably (2 weeks) earlier, and more pronounced, peak in insect emergence (Chironomus sp). Moreover, by utilizing long-term Citizen Science databases, ranging over several decades, we also show that common waterfowl species are unable to significantly adjust their reproduction to fit future temperature increase. Hence, based on our data we predict a future mismatch between insect emergence and waterfowl species basing their reproduction on temperature. This will have a profound impact on reproductive success and population dynamics of many aquatic birds, as well as on freshwater biodiversity.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Hansson, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Bypassing public procurement regulation : a study of rationality in local decision making
- 2011
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In: Regulation and Governance. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1748-5983 .- 1748-5991. ; 5:3, s. 368-385
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using private contractors through procurement is common in most public sector areas. Despite the benefits of procurement, officials are sometimes tempted to circumvent procurement regulations. The aim of this article is to examine the strategies used by local governmental decisionmakers to bypass procurement regulations and to analyze the rationality underlying these officials' actions. Interviews, court documents, municipal documents, and newspaper articles describing the actions of Swedish municipal officials concerning special transport service (STS) procurements were collected and analyzed. In a case in which rural municipalities lost regular taxi services after STS procurement, we demonstrate how decisions were driven by pressure from the public and local interest groups, making municipal officials deviate from procurement regulations in striving to secure the existence of regular taxi services. One outcome was that local businesses were given preferential treatment, violating regulations and reducing economic efficiency.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hansson, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Constructing an active citizen online : A case study of blogs of medical histories in public healthcare in Sweden
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - 1653-4360. ; 11:1, s. 1-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper focuses on the construction of citizenship online, through an analysis of independent blogs as well as member blogs of NGOs, all being written by young Swedish cancer patients. The findings show that citizenship is co-constructed in complex interplays. Blogging and support from NGOs open up new forms of everyday practice, extending the concept of citizenship. The importance of NGOs being online is highlighted in this context. The NGOs are supporting their members’ efforts to become more active citizens as well as providing tools for non-members to become more active as patients. Individual blogs are also important, as they can be seen as self-organised networks providing an interactive link among the writer, the commentators, and the readers in the construction of citizenship.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Hansson, Lisa, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Contracting accountability in network governance structures
- 2014
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In: Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management/Emerald. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1176-6093 .- 1758-7654. ; 11:2, s. 92-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how accountability is expressed in contractual arrangements found in network governance structures that provide public transport services and to raise discussion of how to understand contracting accountability in network governance contexts. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is rooted in two research traditions: contracting studies and studies of accountability in government/governance contexts. Content analysis is used in examining contracts from two cases. These contracts are of five types: contracts between public organizations, contracts within a public organization, contracts between public organizations and private firms, and contracts between political parties within a municipality and contracts within a network. Various contracting approaches are identified within these types. Findings - The paper concludes that the contractsà functions differ between the cases. The first case did not have an overall contract that defined the network, relying on different two-party contracts instead. In the other case, an incentive-based contract was used to link the organizations. From an accountability perspective, the latter contracting structure clarifies the roles and responsibilities of the actors and increases the possibility of accountability to citizens. Originality/value - The paper brings new insights to the field of contracting and accountability by focusing on the role of contracts in network governance structures, taking account of various accountability relationships. It also contributes new theoretical categories usable when analysing contracting accountability in a network context.
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| 50. |
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