| 1. |
- Altincekic, Nadide, et al.
(author)
-
Targeting the Main Protease (Mpro, nsp5) by Growth of Fragment Scaffolds Exploiting Structure-Based Methodologies
- 2024
-
In: ACS Chemical Biology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1554-8929 .- 1554-8937. ; 19:2, s. 563-574
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main protease Mpro, nsp5, of SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2) is one of its most attractive drug targets. Here, we report primary screening data using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of four different libraries and detailed follow-up synthesis on the promising uracil-containing fragment Z604 derived from these libraries. Z604 shows time-dependent binding. Its inhibitory effect is sensitive to reducing conditions. Starting with Z604, we synthesized and characterized 13 compounds designed by fragment growth strategies. Each compound was characterized by NMR and/or activity assays to investigate their interaction with Mpro. These investigations resulted in the four-armed compound 35b that binds directly to Mpro. 35b could be cocrystallized with Mpro revealing its noncovalent binding mode, which fills all four active site subpockets. Herein, we describe the NMR-derived fragment-to-hit pipeline and its application for the development of promising starting points for inhibitors of the main protease of SCoV2.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, K., et al.
(author)
-
High-accuracy sampling of saproxylic diversity indicators at regional scales with pheromones : The case of Elater ferrugineus (Coleoptera, Elateridae)
- 2014
-
In: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 171, s. 156-166
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rare beetle Elater ferrugineus was sampled at 47 sites in the county of Östergötland, Sweden by means of pheromone-baited traps to assess its value as an indicator species for hollow oak stands rich in rare saproxylic beetle species. In addition, Osmoderma eremita was also sampled with pheromone baits. These data were then compared against species survey data collected at the same sites by pitfall and window traps. Both species co-occur with many Red Listed saproxylic beetles, with E. ferrugineus being a somewhat better indicator for the rarest species. The conservation value of a site (measured as Red List points or number of Red Listed species) increased with the number of specimens of E. ferrugineus and O. eremita caught. Accuracy of sampling by means of pheromone trapping turned out to be radically different for the two model species. E. ferrugineus traps put out during July obtained full accuracy after only 6. days, whereas O. eremita traps needed to be out from early July to mid-August in order to obtain full accuracy with one trap per site. By using E. ferrugineus, or preferably both species, as indicator species, accuracy would increase and costs decrease for saproxylic biodiversity sampling, monitoring and identification of hotspots. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 3. |
- Anugwom, Ikenna, et al.
(author)
-
Esterified Lignin from Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) as a Versatile Additive for Polylactic-Acid (PLA) Composites-The Effect of Artificial Weathering on its Performance
- 2022
-
In: Global Challenges. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 2056-6646. ; 6:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Demand for sustainable packaging and building materials has increased the need for biobased additives. Biocomposites can often be exposed to different weather conditions and UV irradiation. Thus, additives to prevent the negative impact of weathering are generally added to composites. This study aims to evaluate using esterified lignin as an additive against weathering effects in polylactic-acid (PLA) composites. Lignin is extracted from construction and demolition waste (CDW) wood using a deep eutectic solvent then esterified and tested as an additive in the fabrication of biobased composites. For comparison, lignin from birch is used as a raw material for an additive. Esterification is confirmed by solid-state N MR analysis. Samples are exposed to artificial weathering for 700 hours and their impact strength and color change properties are measured. The results indicate that esterified lignin from CDW (CDW e-lignin) as an additive protects the biocomposite from the weathering impact. The sample containing the CDW e-lignin as an additive suffers only a 4.3% of reduction of impact strength, while the samples that contain commercial additives lose clearly more of their impact strength (from 23.1% to 61.1%). Based on the results CDW e-lignin is a good additive to prevent weathering. As a conclusion, the esterified lignin from CDW, is a versatile additive for composite production.
|
|
| 4. |
- Anugwom, Ikenna, et al.
(author)
-
In quest for the optimal delignification of lignocellulosic biomass using hydrated, SO2 switched DBU MEASIL switchable ionic liquid
- 2016
-
In: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 297, s. 256-264
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, various process parameters aiming at optimal short-time-high-temperature (STHT) process were studied upon fractionation of Nordic woody biomass into its primary constituents. Highly diluted, aqueous 'SO2-switched' switchable ionic liquid (SIL) based on an alkanol amine (monoethanol amine, MEA) and an organic superbase (1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene, DBU) was applied. The ultimate goal was to develop a more sustainable, environmentally friendly and cost efficient systems for efficient separation of the lignocellulosic fractions. One of the main products from the SIL fractionation is cellulose-rich pulp with very low lignin content, complemented with hemicelluloses. The NMR results reveal that substantial removal of lignin occurs even when relatively low amount of SIL was used. Further, a simple mathematical model describing the dissolution of the lignocellulose components (hemicellulose and lignin) and weight loss of wood as a function of time is described. Moreover, the most efficient process involved the use of SpinChem (R) rotating bed reactor while upon use of a flow through (loop) reactor, promising results were obtained at a treatment time of 4 h. Still, all the reactor systems studied gave rise to a rather low removal of hemicelluloses which mean that the solvent system is primary selective towards lignin dissolution.
|
|
| 5. |
- Anugwom, Ikenna, et al.
(author)
-
Switchable ionic liquids as delignification solvents for lignocellulosic materials
- 2014
-
In: ChemSusChem. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 7:4, s. 1170-1176
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transformation of lignocellulosic materials into potentially valuable resources is compromised by their complicated structure. Consequently, new economical and feasible conversion/fractionation techniques that render value-added products are intensely investigated. Herein an unorthodox and feasible fractionation method of birch chips (B. pendula) using a switchable ionic liquid (SIL) derived from an alkanol amine (monoethanol amine, MEA) and an organic super base (1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene, DBU) with two different trigger acid gases (CO2 and SO2 ) is studied. After SIL treatment, the dissolved fractions were selectively separated by a step-wise method using an antisolvent to induce precipitation. The SIL was recycled after concentration and evaporation of anti-solvent. The composition of undissolved wood after MEA-SO2 -SIL treatment resulted in 80 wt % cellulose, 10 wt % hemicelluloses, and 3 wt % lignin, whereas MEA-CO2 -SIL treatment resulted in 66 wt % cellulose, 12 wt % hemicelluloses and 11 wt % lignin. Thus, the MEA-SO2 -SIL proved more efficient than the MEA-CO2 -SIL, and a better solvent for lignin removal. All fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), (13) C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
|
|
| 6. |
- Anugwom, Ikenna, et al.
(author)
-
Towards optimal selective fractionation for Nordic woody biomass using novel amine–organic superbase derived switchable ionic liquids (SILs)
- 2014
-
In: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 70, s. 373-381
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Improved fractionation process conditions for wood dissolution with switchable ionic liquids (SILs) were determined. The short time, high temperature (STHT) system was introduced as a selective and efficient way to extract components from lignocellulosic material. A SIL based on monoethanol amine (MEA) and 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) formed via coupling with SO2, was applied as a solvent in a 1:3 weight ratio with water. In essence, selective dissolution of mainly lignin was achieved by means of the aqueous SIL at 160 °C (∼6.1 bar corresponding to the vapor pressure of water) in 2 h and in a pressure vessel, for both hard- and soft-wood. About 95 wt-% of wood lignin was extracted. The dissolved components in the spent SIL were recovered by the addition of an anti-solvent whereupon over 70% of the dissolved components were recovered; the recovered fraction contained 19 wt-% hemicellulose while the rest of the material was in essence lignin. The non-dissolved, fluffy material contained ∼70 wt-% cellulose and ∼20 wt-% hemicellulose – a consistency resembling that of Kraft pulp.
|
|
| 7. |
- Anugwom, Ikenna, et al.
(author)
-
Treating birch wood with a switchable 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene-glycerol carbonate ionic liquid
- 2012
-
In: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 66:7, s. 809-815
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The suitability of a new switchable ionic liquid (SIL) has been investigated as a solvent for fractionation of lignocellulosic materials. SIL was prepared from inexpensive chemicals, e. g., glycerol, CO2, and 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU). Fresh Nordic birch wood (B. pendula) was treated with the SIL for a time period of 1-5 days at 100 degrees C and under atmospheric pressure. Upon SIL treatment, at best, 57 % of the hemicelluloses were dissolved and 50 % of lignins were dissolved from the native birch. The slightly fibrillated SIL treated chips contained about 55 % cellulose. Up to 76 % of the recovered species removed from the spent SIL liquor was originating from hemicelluloses, mainly from xylan. The spent SILs were reused for fresh wood dissolution in four consecutive cycles and each time the wood dissolution efficiency was similar. SILs could offer affordable (easy-to-synthesize) solvent systems for partial elimination of hemicelluloses and lignin from wood. SILs can also be prepared in-situ and on-site.
|
|
| 8. |
- Berglund, Linn, et al.
(author)
-
Switchable ionic liquids enable efficient nanofibrillation of wood pulp
- 2017
-
In: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 24:8, s. 3265-3279
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Use of switchable ionic liquid (SIL) pulp offers an efficient and greener technology to produce nanofibers via ultrafine grinding. In this study, we demonstrate that SIL pulp opens up a mechanically efficient route to the nanofibrillation of wood pulp, thus providing both a low cost and chemically benign route to the production of cellulose nanofibers. The degree of fibrillation during the process was evaluated by viscosity and optical microscopy of SIL treated, bleached SIL treated and a reference pulp. Furthermore, films were prepared from the fibrillated material for characterization and tensile testing. It was observed that substantially improved mechanical properties were attained as a result of the grinding process, thus signifying nanofibrillation. Both SIL treated and bleached SIL treated pulps were fibrillated into nanofibers with fiber diameters below 15 nm thus forming networks of hydrophilic nature with an intact crystalline structure. Notably, it was found that the SIL pulp could be fibrillated more efficiently than traditional pulp since nanofibers could be produced with more than 30% less energy when compared to the reference pulp. Additionally, bleaching reduced the energy demand by further 16%. The study demonstrated that this switchable ionic liquid treatment has considerable potential in the commercial production of nanofibers due to the increased efficiency in fibrillation.
|
|
| 9. |
- Blomberg, David, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis and conformational studies of a β-turn mimetic incorporated in Leu-enkephalin
- 2004
-
In: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 69:10, s. 3500-3508
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A β-turn mimetic in which the four amino acids of a β-turn have been replaced by a 10-membered ring has been designed, synthesized, and subjected to conformational studies. In the mimetic, the intramolecular COi − HNi+3 hydrogen bond that is often found in β-turns has been replaced by an ethylene bridge. In addition, the amide bond between residues i and i + 1 was exchanged for a methylene ether isoster. Such a β-turn mimetic, based on the first four residues of Leu-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu), was prepared in 15 steps. The synthesis relied on a β-azido alcohol prepared in five steps from Cbz-Tyr(tBu)-OH as a key, i-position building block. tert-Butyl bromoacetate, glycine, and a Phe-Leu dipetide were then used as building blocks for positions i + 1, i + 2, and i + 3, respectively. Conformational studies based on 1H NMR data showed that the β-turn mimetic was flexible, but that it resembled a type-II β-turn at low temperature. This low energy conformer closely resembled the structure determined for crystalline Leu-enkephalin.
|
|
| 10. |
- Chambi, Diego, et al.
(author)
-
Production of Exopolysaccharides by Cultivation of Halotolerant Bacillus atrophaeus BU4 in Glucose- and Xylose-Based Synthetic Media and in Hydrolysates of Quinoa Stalks
- 2022
-
In: Fermentation. - : MDPI AG. - 2311-5637. ; 8:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A halotolerant, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from the Salar de Uyuni salt flat in Bolivia was identified as Bacillus atrophaeus using next-generation sequencing. Comparisons indicate that the genome most likely (p-value: 0.0024) belongs to a subspecies previously not represented in the database. The growth of the bacterial strain and its ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) in synthetic media with glucose or xylose as carbon sources, and in hydrolysates of quinoa stalks, was investigated. The strain grew well in all synthetic media, but the growth in glucose was better than that in xylose. Sugar consumption was better when initial concentrations were low. The growth was good in enzymatically produced cellulosic hydrolysates but was inhibited in hemicellulosic hydrolysates produced using hydrothermal pretreatment. The EPS yields were up to 0.064 g/g on initial glucose and 0.047 g/g on initial xylose, and was higher in media with relatively low sugar concentrations. The EPS was isolated and purified by a sequential procedure including centrifugation, cold ethanol precipitation, trichloroacetic acid treatment, dialysis, and freeze-drying. Glucose and mannose were the main sugars identified in hydrolyzed EPS. The EPS was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. No major differences were elucidated between EPS resulting from cultivations in glucose- or-xylose-based synthetic media, while some divergences with regard to molecular-weight averages and FTIR and HSQC NMR spectra were detected for EPS from hydrolysate-based media.
|
|
| 11. |
- Derba-Maceluch, Marta, et al.
(author)
-
Xylan glucuronic acid side chains fix suberin-like aliphatic compounds to wood cell walls
- 2023
-
In: New Phytologist. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 238:1, s. 297-312
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wood is the most important repository of assimilated carbon in the biosphere, in the form of large polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses including glucuronoxylan, and lignin) that interactively form a composite, together with soluble extractives including phenolic and aliphatic compounds. Molecular interactions among these compounds are not fully understood.We have targeted the expression of a fungal α-glucuronidase to the wood cell wall of aspen (Populus tremula L. × tremuloides Michx.) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh), to decrease contents of the 4-O-methyl glucuronopyranose acid (mGlcA) substituent of xylan, to elucidate mGlcA's functions.The enzyme affected the content of aliphatic insoluble cell wall components having composition similar to suberin, which required mGlcA for binding to cell walls. Such suberin-like compounds have been previously identified in decayed wood, but here, we show their presence in healthy wood of both hardwood and softwood species. By contrast, γ-ester bonds between mGlcA and lignin were insensitive to cell wall-localized α-glucuronidase, supporting the intracellular formation of these bonds.These findings challenge the current view of the wood cell wall composition and reveal a novel function of mGlcA substituent of xylan in fastening of suberin-like compounds to cell wall. They also suggest an intracellular initiation of lignin–carbohydrate complex assembly.
|
|
| 12. |
- Dominguez, Pia Guadalupe, et al.
(author)
-
Sucrose synthase determines carbon allocation in developing wood and alters carbon flow at the whole tree level in aspen
- 2021
-
In: New Phytologist. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 229:1, s. 186-198
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the ecological and industrial importance of biomass accumulation in wood, the control of carbon (C) allocation to this tissue and to other tree tissues remain poorly understood. We studied sucrose synthase (SUS) to clarify its role in biomass formation and C metabolism at the whole tree level in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides). To this end, we analysed source leaves, phloem, developing wood, and roots ofSUSRNAitrees using a combination of metabolite profiling, 13CO2 pulse labelling experiments, and long-term field experiments. The glasshouse grownSUSRNAitrees exhibited a mild stem phenotype together with a reduction in wood total C. The 13CO2 pulse labelling experiments showed an alteration in the C flow in all the analysed tissues, indicating that SUS affects C metabolism at the whole tree level. This was confirmed when theSUSRNAitrees were grown in the field over a 5-yr period; their stem height, diameter and biomass were substantially reduced. These results establish that SUS influences C allocation to developing wood, and that it affects C metabolism at the whole tree level.
|
|
| 13. |
- Ekstrand, Eva-Maria, 1985-, et al.
(author)
-
Methane potentials and organic matter characterization of wood fibres from pulp and paper mills : The influence of raw material, pulping process and bleaching technique
- 2020
-
In: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 143
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the process of pulp- and papermaking, large volumes of fibre-rich primary sludge are generated. Anaerobic digestion of primary sludge offers a substantial potential for methane production as an alternative approach to the inefficient energy recoveries by commonly used incineration techniques. However, a systematic study of the importance of upstream process techniques for the methane potential of pulp fibres is lacking. Therefore, biochemical methane potentials were determined at mesophilic conditions for 20 types of fibres processed by a variety of pulping and bleaching techniques and from different raw materials. This included fibres from kraft, sulphite, semi-chemical, chemical thermo-mechanical (CTMP) and thermo-mechanical pulping plants and milled raw wood. The pulping technique was clearly important for the methane potential, with the highest potential achieved for kraft and sulphite fibres (390–400 Nml CH4 g VS−1). For raw wood and CTMP, hardwood fibres gave substantially more methane than the corresponding softwood fibres (240 compared to 50 Nml CH4 g VS−1 and 300 compared to 160 Nml CH4 g VS−1, respectively). Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of the organic content demonstrated that the relative lignin content of the fibres was an important factor for methane production, and that an observed positive effect of bleaching on the methane potential of softwood CTMP fibres was likely related to a higher degree of deacetylation and improved accessibility of the hemicellulose. In conclusion, fibres from kraft and sulphite pulping are promising substrates for methane production irrespective of raw material or bleaching, as well as fibres from CTMP pulping of hardwood.
|
|
| 14. |
- Erhagen, Björn, et al.
(author)
-
Temperature response of litter and soil organic matter decomposition is determined by chemical composition of organic material
- 2013
-
In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 19:12, s. 3858-3871
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The global soil carbon pool is approximately three times larger than the contemporary atmospheric pool, therefore even minor changes to its integrity may have major implications for atmospheric CO2 concentrations. While theory predicts that the chemical composition of organic matter should constitute a master control on the temperature response of its decomposition, this relationship has not yet been fully demonstrated. We used laboratory incubations of forest soil organic matter (SOM) and fresh litter material together with NMR spectroscopy to make this connection between organic chemical composition and temperature sensitivity of decomposition. Temperature response of decomposition in both fresh litter and SOM was directly related to the chemical composition of the constituent organic matter, explaining 90% and 70% of the variance in Q10 in litter and SOM respectively. The Q10 of litter decreased with increasing proportions of aromatic and O-aromatic compounds, and increased with increased contents of alkyl- and O-alkyl carbons. In contrast, in SOM, decomposition was affected only by carbonyl compounds. To reveal why a certain group of organic chemical compounds affected the temperature sensitivity of organic matter decomposition in litter and SOM, a more detailed characterisation of the (13) C aromatic region using Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) was conducted. The results revealed considerable differences in the aromatic region between litter and SOM. This suggests that the correlation between chemical composition of organic matter and the temperature response of decomposition differed between litter and SOM. The temperature response of soil decomposition processes can thus be described by the chemical composition of its constituent organic matter, this paves the way for improved ecosystem modelling of biosphere feedbacks under a changing climate.
|
|
| 15. |
- Fagerlund-Edfeldt, Amelie, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of Debarking Water from Norway Spruce (Picea abies) on the Growth of Five Species of Wood-Decaying Fungi
- 2014
-
In: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 9-10:69c, s. 418-424
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Norway spruce (Picea abies) debarking water is an aqueous extract obtained as waste from the debarking of logs at paper mills. The debarking water contains a mixture of natural compounds that can exhibit diverse biological activities, potentially including fungicidal activity on some species of wood-decaying fungi. Thus, we investigated the growth rates of such fungi on agar plates to which debarking water extracts had been added. The experiment included five wood-decaying fungi, viz. Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Oligoporus lateritius, Ischnoderma benzoinum, Junghuhnia luteoalba, and Phlebia sp. Growth reduction was observed for all species at the highest tested concentrations of freeze-dried and ethanol-extracted debarking water, the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction and the diethyl ether-soluble fraction. However, the magnitude of the effect varied between different species and strains of individual species. The brown-rot fungi G. sepiarium and O. lateritius were generally the most sensitive species, with the growth of all tested strains being completely inhibited by the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction. These results indicate that development of antifungal wood-protecting agents from debarking water could potentially be a way to make use of a low-value industrial waste.
|
|
| 16. |
- Fernández-Domínguez, David, et al.
(author)
-
Deciphering the contribution of microbial biomass to the properties of dissolved and particulate organic matter in anaerobic digestates
- 2023
-
In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 877
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The recalcitrant structures either from substrate or microbial biomass contained in digestates after anaerobic digestion (AD) highly influence digestate valorization. To properly assess the microbial biomass contribution to the digested organic matter (OM), a combination of characterization methods and the use of various substrate types in anaerobic continuous reactors was required. The use of totally biodegradable substrates allowed detecting soluble microbial products via fluorescence spectroscopy at emission wavelengths of 420 and 460 nm while the protein-like signature was enhanced by the whey protein. During reactors' operation, a transfer of complex compounds to the dissolved OM from the particulate OM was observed through fluorescence applied on biochemical fractionation. Consequently, the fluorescence complexity index of the dissolved OM increased from 0.59–0.60 to 1.06–1.07, whereas it decreased inversely for the extractable soluble from the particulate OM from 1.16–1.19 to 0.42–0.54. Accordingly, fluorescence regional integration showed differences among reactors based on visual inspection and orthogonal partial latent structures (OPLS) analysis. Similarly, the impact of the substrate type and operation time on the particulate OM was revealed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance using OPLS, providing a good model (R2X = 0.93 and Q2 = 0.8) with a clear time-trend. A high signal resonated at ∼30 ppm attributed to CH2-groups in the aliphatic chain of lipid-like structure besides carbohydrates intensities at 60–110 ppm distinguished the reactor fed with whey protein from the other, which was mostly biomass related. Indeed, this latter displayed a higher presence of peptidoglycan (δH/C: 1.6–2.0/20–25 ppm) derived from microbial biomass by 1H-13C heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance. Interestingly, the sample distribution obtained by non-metric multidimensional scaling of bacterial communities resembled the attained using 13C NMR properties, opening new research perspectives. Overall, this study discloses the microbial biomass contribution to digestates composition to improve the OM transformation mechanism knowledge.
|
|
| 17. |
- Gillgren, Thomas, et al.
(author)
-
Comparison of laccase-catalyzed cross-linking of organosolv lignin and lignosulfonates
- 2017
-
In: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 105:1, s. 438-446
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lignin, an underutilized by-product from chemical pulping of wood, can be modified enzymatically through oxidation by laccase. However, little is known about the molecular details surrounding the cross linking which is a result of the oxidation. To reduce this lack of knowledge, we used oxygen consumption rate data, phenolic content data and molecular weight data together with data from NMR and FTIR spectroscopy to.characterize laccase-catalyzed cross-linking of the industrial lignin preparations organosolv lignin and lignosulfonate. The organosolv lignin preparation had a M-n of 780 g/mol, a M-w of 5200 g/mol, and a phenolic content of 1.8 mmol/g. The lignosulfonate preparation had a M-n of 6000 g/mol, a M-w of 19800 g/mol, and a phenolic content of 1.1 mmol/g. Laccase-catalyzed oxidation of organosolv lignin was characterized by a relatively slow increase in molecular weight, decreased intensities for aromatic signals and p-hydroxycinnamyl groups, and increased intensity for beta-O-4' signals, whereas oxidation of lignosulfonates resulted in a very rapid increase in molecular weight, and strongly decreased intensities for aromatic signals. The data suggest that lignosulfonates cross-linked by couplings to the aromatic ring (e.g. 5-5' and 4-O-5'), whereas beta-O-4' coupling characterized cross-linking of organosolv lignin, probably involving cinnamyl alcohol end-groups. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 18. |
- Gustafsson, Tomas, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis of a C-Glycoside Analogue of -D-Galactosyl Hydroxylysine and Incorporation in a Glycopeptide from Type II Collagen
- 2006
-
In: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 71:5, s. 1911-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A stereoselective synthesis of the C-glycoside analogue of -D-galactosyl-(5R,2S)-hydroxylysine (1) has been achieved starting from tetra-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranosyl lactone. The synthesis involved establishment of three stereogenic centers in an unambiguous manner. A facially selective Grignard reaction followed by a silane reduction was used for the anomeric position of the C-galactose residue. An Evans allylation established the configuration of the -aminomethylene group of the hydroxylysine moiety, whereas an asymmetric hydrogenation utilizing Burk's catalyst was used for the -amino acid moiety itself. The synthesis was completed in 17 steps with an overall yield of 18%, resulting in the most complex and functionalized C-glycoside analogue of a naturally occurring glycosylated amino acid prepared to date. In addition, amino acid 1 was incorporated in a glycopeptide from type II collagen known to be crucial for the response of autoimmune T cells obtained in models of rheumatoid arthritis. A preliminary immunological study revealed that four out of five members in a panel of T cell hybridomas were able to recognize this C-linked glycopeptide when presented by Aq class II MHC molecules.
|
|
| 19. |
- Harvey, Deborah J., et al.
(author)
-
Making the invisible visible : Determining an accurate national distribution of Elater ferrugineus in the United Kingdom using pheromones
- 2017
-
In: Insect Conservation and Diversity. - : Wiley. - 1752-458X .- 1752-4598. ; 10:4, s. 1-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To date, conservation-status saproxylic beetle species in the UK have been monitored by chance findings or by monitor-based observational studies. Here, using Elater ferrugineus as our target species, we present the first national distribution survey carried out in the UK or across mainland Europe on such a species using chemicals produced by the insect. Over 3 years, mark-release-recapture studies were performed across the UK, using 416 lured (pheromone) traps monitored by volunteer recorders; the first survey in Europe to do so. Traps were baited with 7-methyloctyl- (Z)-4-decenoate, a compound previously identified as a female sex pheromone. The results were used to plot a distribution map and investigate factors that may influence the distribution, including summer temperatures, possible habitat availability and larval food source. The survey revealed a south-eastern distribution of E. ferrugineus in the UK, which was suggested by previous casual studies. A correlative model was fitted to the data, indicating that 55% of the variation in the distribution of E. ferrugineus was explained by climatic variables (temperature and wind speed).
|
|
| 20. |
- Hedenström, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
Resveratrol, piceatannol, and isorhapontigenin from Norway spruce (Picea abies) debarking wastewater as inhibitors on the growth of nine species of wood-decaying fungi
- 2016
-
In: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 50:3, s. 617-629
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The diethyl ether extract obtained from solvent-solvent extraction of Norway spruce (Picea abies) debarking water, a byproduct from debarking of logs in the pulp and paper industry, was tested for inhibition of growth on agar plates of nine species of wood-decaying fungi: Antrodia sinuosa, Antrodia xantha, Coniophora puteana, Fomitopsis pinicola, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Heterobasidion parviporum, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Serpula himantioides, and Serpula lacrymans. One fraction of the extract showed excellent antifungal activity for a majority of the species, with complete inhibition of growth for A. sinuosa, A. xantha, and G. sepiarium. The major constituents of the most active fraction were identified as the hydroxystilbenes resveratrol, isorhapontigenin (synonymous with methyl piceatannol), and piceatannol (synonymous with astringenin). The active compounds were isolated or synthesized and used individually for dose-response studies. It was found that isorhapontigenin and piceatannol inhibited all growth of A. sinuosa, A. xantha, and G. sepiarium in 0.35 % weight concentration. The hydroxystilbenes were the three most abundant substances in the debarking water and can be obtained as a mixture or in enriched forms. From some extraction steps of the raw debarking water, it would be possible to obtain the hydroxystilbenes in quantities that might be of commercial interest as efficient natural fungicides.
|
|
| 21. |
- Hedenström, Mattias, et al.
(author)
-
Characterization of Hydrogenated Fullerenes by NMR Spectroscopy
- 2010
-
In: Fulleranes. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9781402098864 - 9781402098871 ; , s. 171-202
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- NMR spectroscopy is so far the only analytical technique that has been used to get a detailed structural characterization of hydrogenated fullerenes. A substantial amount of information derived from different NMR experiments can thus be found in the literature for a number of fullerenes hydrogenated to various degrees. These studies have benefitted from the fact that chemical shifts of H-1 and C-13 and in some cases also He-3 can be used to obtain structural information of these compounds. Such results, together with discussions about different NMR experiments and general considerations regarding sample preparations, are summarized in this chapter. The unique information, both structural and physicochemical, that can be derived from different NMR experiments ensures that this technique will continue to be of central importance in characterization of hydrogenated fullerenes.
|
|
| 22. |
- Hedenström, Mattias, et al.
(author)
-
Conformations and Receptor Activity of Desmopressin Analogues, Which Contain -Turn Mimetics or a [CH2O] Isostere
- 2002
-
In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 45:12, s. 2501-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three analogues of the antidiuretic drug desmopressin ([1-desamino,8-D-arginine]vasopressin) have been prepared. In two of these, -turn mimetics based on a morpholin-3-one framework have been inserted instead of residues Phe3-Asn5, whereas the third analogue has a methylene ether isostere in place of the amide bond between residues 3 and 4. The three analogues were used to probe if the structure determined for desmopressin in aqueous solution, which contains an inverse -turn centered around Gln4, is important in interactions with the vasopressin V2 receptor. Conformational studies revealed that the analogues that contain either an inverse -turn mimetic or a methylene ether isostere mimicked the conformation of desmopressin fairly well and very well, respectively. Despite this, the analogues displayed only very low agonistic activities at the vasopressin V2 receptor. Consequently, an inverse -turn involving residues Phe3-Asn5 does not appear to be important when desmopressin is bound to the V2 receptor. In addition, it was concluded that the amide bond between Phe3 and Gln4 in desmopressin is crucial for interactions with the antidiuretic V2 receptor.
|
|
| 23. |
- Hedenström, Mattias, et al.
(author)
-
Identification of lignin and polysaccharide modifications in Populus wood by chemometric analysis of 2D NMR spectra from dissolved cell walls
- 2009
-
In: Molecular Plant. - : Elsevier BV. - 1674-2052 .- 1752-9867. ; 2:5, s. 933-942
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 2D (13)C-(1)H HSQC NMR spectroscopy of acetylated cell walls in solution gives a detailed fingerprint that can be used to assess the chemical composition of the complete wall without extensive degradation. We demonstrate how multivariate analysis of such spectra can be used to visualize cell wall changes between sample types as high-resolution 2D NMR loading spectra. Changes in composition and structure for both lignin and polysaccharides can subsequently be interpreted on a molecular level. The multivariate approach alleviates problems associated with peak picking of overlapping peaks, and it allows the deduction of the relative importance of each peak for sample discrimination. As a first proof of concept, we compare Populus tension wood to normal wood. All well established differences in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin compositions between these wood types were readily detected, confirming the reliability of the multivariate approach. In a second example, wood from transgenic Populus modified in their degree of pectin methylesterification was compared to that of wild-type trees. We show that differences in both lignin and polysaccharide composition that are difficult to detect with traditional spectral analysis and that could not be a priori predicted were revealed by the multivariate approach. 2D NMR of dissolved cell wall samples combined with multivariate analysis constitutes a novel approach in cell wall analysis and provides a new tool that will benefit cell wall research.
|
|
| 24. |
- Hedenström, Mattias, 1976-
(author)
-
NMR as a tool in drug research : Structure elucidation of peptidomimetics and pilicide-chaperone complexes
- 2004
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the last decades NMR spectroscopy has become an invaluable tool both in academic research and in the pharmaceutical industry. This thesis describes applications of NMR spectroscopy in biomedicinal research for structure elucidation of biologically active peptides and peptidomimetics as well as in studies of ligand-protein interactions. The first part of this thesis describes the theory and methodology of structure calculations of peptides using experimental restraints derived from NMR spectroscopy. This methodology has been applied to novel mimetics of the peptide hormones desmopressin and Leu-enkephalin. The results of these studies highlight the complicating issue of conformational exchange often encountered in structural determination of peptides and how careful analysis of experimental data as well as optimization of experimental conditions can enable structure determinations in such instances. Although the mimetics of both desmopressin and Leu-enkephalin were found to adopt the wanted conformations, they exhibited no or very poor biological activity. These results demonstrate the difficulties in designing peptidomimetics without detailed structural information of the receptors. A stereoselective synthetic route towards XxxΨ[CH2O]Ala pseudodipeptides is also presented. Such pseudodipeptides can be used as isosteric amide bond replacements in peptides in order to increase their resistance towards proteolytic degradation. The second part of this thesis describes the study of the interaction between compounds that inhibit pilius assembly, pilicides, and periplasmic chaperones from uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Periplasmic chaperones are key components in assembly of pili, i.e. hair-like protein complexes located on the surface of Escherichia coli that cause urinary tract infections. Detailed knowledge about this interaction is important in understanding how pilicides can inhibit pilus assembly by binding to chaperones. Relaxation-edited NMR experiments were used to confirm the affinity of the pilicides for the chaperones and chemical shift mapping was used to study the pilicide-chaperone interaction surface. These studies show that at least two interaction sites are present on the chaperone surface and consequently that two different mechanisms resulting in inhibition of pilus assembly may exist.
|
|
| 25. |
- Hedenström, Mattias, et al.
(author)
-
NMR studies of interactions between periplasmic chaperones from uropathogenic E-coli and pilicides that interfere with chaperone function and pilus assembly
- 2005
-
In: ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 3:23, s. 4193-4200
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adherence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to host tissue is mediated by pili, which are hair-like protein structures extending from the outer cell membrane of the bacterium. The chaperones FimC and PapD are key components in pilus assembly since they catalyse folding of subunits that are incorporated in type 1 and P pili, respectively, and also transport the subunits across the periplasmic space. Recently, compounds that inhibit pilus biogenesis and interfere with chaperone-subunit interactions have been discovered and termed pilicides. In this paper NMR spectroscopy was used to study the interaction of different pilicides with PapD and FimC in order to gain structural knowledge that would explain the effect that some pilicides have on pilus assembly. First relaxation-edited NMR experiments revealed that the pilicides bound to the PapD chaperone with mM affinity. Then the pilicide-chaperone interaction surface was investigated through chemical shift mapping using N-15-labelled FimC. Principal component analysis performed on the chemical shift perturbation data revealed the presence of three binding sites on the surface of FimC, which interacted with three different classes of pilicides. Analysis of structure-activity relationships suggested that pilicides reduce pilus assembly in E. coli either by binding in the cleft of the chaperone, or by influencing the orientation of the flexible F1-G1 loop, both of which are part of the surface by which the chaperone forms complexes with pilus subunits. It is suggested that binding to either of these sites interferes with folding of the pilus subunits, which occurs during formation of the chaperone-subunit complexes. In addition, pilicides that influence the F1-G1 loop also appear to reduce pilus formation by their ability to dissociate chaperone-subunit complexes.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Hedenström, Mattias, et al.
(author)
-
Visualization and interpretation of OPLS models based on 2D NMR Data
- 2008
-
In: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - : Elsevier. - 0169-7439 .- 1873-3239. ; 92:2, s. 110-117
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multivariate analysis on spectroscopic 1H NMR data is well established in metabolomics and other fields where the composition of complex samples is studied. However, biomarker identification can be hampered by overlapping resonances. 2D NMR data provides a more detailed “fingerprint” of the chemical structure and composition of the sample with greatly improved spectral resolution compared to 1H NMR data. In this report, we demonstrate a procedure for the construction of multivariate models based on frequency domain 2D NMR data where the loadings can be visualized as highly informative 2D loading spectra. This method is based on the analysis of raw spectral data without any need for peak picking or integration prior to analysis. Spectral features such as line widths and peak positions are thus retained. Hence, the loadings can be visualized and interpreted on a molecular level as pseudo 2D spectra in order to identify potential biomarkers. To demonstrate this strategy we have analyzed HSQC spectra acquired from populus phloem plant extracts originating from a set of designed experiments with OPLS regression.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Jamroskovic, Jan, et al.
(author)
-
Quinazoline Ligands Induce Cancer Cell Death through Selective STAT3 Inhibition and G-Quadruplex Stabilization
- 2020
-
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 142:6, s. 2876-2888
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is a master regulator of most key hallmarks and enablers of cancer, including cell proliferation and the response to DNA damage. G-Quadruplex (G4) structures are four-stranded noncanonical DNA structures enriched at telomeres and oncogenes' promoters. In cancer cells, stabilization of G4 DNAs leads to replication stress and DNA damage accumulation and is therefore considered a promising target for oncotherapy. Here, we designed and synthesized novel quinazoline-based compounds that simultaneously and selectively affect these two well-recognized cancer targets, G4 DNA structures and the STAT3 protein. Using a combination of in vitro assays, NMR, and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that these small, uncharged compounds not only bind to the STAT3 protein but also stabilize G4 structures. In human cultured cells, the compounds inhibit phosphorylation-dependent activation of STAT3 without affecting the antiapoptotic factor STAT1 and cause increased formation of G4 structures, as revealed by the use of a G4 DNA-specific antibody. As a result, treated cells show slower DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoint activation, and an increased apoptotic rate. Importantly, cancer cells are more sensitive to these molecules compared to noncancerous cell lines. This is the first report of a promising class of compounds that not only targets the DNA damage cancer response machinery but also simultaneously inhibits the STAT3-induced cancer cell proliferation, demonstrating a novel approach in cancer therapy.
|
|
| 30. |
- Jogunola, Olatunde, et al.
(author)
-
Ionic liquid mediated technology for synthesis of cellulose acetates using different co-solvents
- 2016
-
In: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 135, s. 341-348
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work, cellulose acetate was synthesized under homogeneous conditions. Cellulose was first dispersed in acetone, acetonitrile, 1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene (DBN) or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and the resulting suspension was dissolved in an ionic liquid, 1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-enium acetate [HDBN][OAc] at 70 °C for 0.5 h. It was possible to dissolve more than 12 wt% cellulose with a degree of polymerization in the range of 1000–1100. The dissolved cellulose was derivatized with acetic anhydride (Ac2O) to yield acetylated cellulose. As expected, the use of the co-solvents improved the acetylation process significantly. In fact, cellulose acetates with different properties could be obtained in half an hour, thus facilitating rapid processing. When DBN was used as the dispersing agent (the precursor of the ionic liquid), the problems associated with recycling of the ionic liquid were significantly reduced. In fact, additional [HDBN][OAc] was obtained from the interaction of the DBN and the by-product, acetic acid (from Ac2O). However, the cellulose acetate obtained in this manner had the lowest DS. Consequently, the native cellulose and acetylated celluloses were characterized by means of 1H- and 13C-NMR, FT-IR, GPC/SEC and by titration. The cellulose acetates produced were soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane and DMSO which is essential for their further processing. It was demonstrated that the ionic liquid can be recovered from the system by distillation and re-used in consecutive acetylation batches.
|
|
| 31. |
- Kadej, Marcin, et al.
(author)
-
Sex pheromones as a tool to overcome the Wallacean shortfall in conservation biology: a case of Elater ferrugineus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Insect Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1366-638X .- 1572-9753. ; 19:1, s. 25-32
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The “Wallacean shortfall”—lack of distributional information—is one of the main problems when trying to assess the threats to and planning conservation strategies for many invertebrate species. Based on published and unpublished records since 1840, as well as on our own field survey, we attempted to estimate if and to what extent the use of pheromone traps increased the detectability of a rare, saproxylic click beetle Elater ferrugineus. The significant increase in the number of records in 2011–2013 shows that the pheromone method made it much easier to detect the occurrence of the species. Advantages of the pheromone method are that it does not disturb the habitat, can be used by non-specialists, is less costly and less time-consuming, and thus providing a useful tool for conservation research (studying biology, ecology and genetics of local populations).
|
|
| 32. |
- Karlsson, B Göran, 1962, et al.
(author)
-
Solution structure of the calmodulin-like C-terminal domain of Entamoeba-actinin2
- 2016
-
In: Proteins-Structure Function and Bioinformatics. - : Wiley. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134. ; 84:4, s. 461-466
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cell motility is dependent on a dynamic meshwork of actin filaments that is remodelled continuously. A large number of associated proteins that are severs, cross-links, or caps the filament ends have been identified and the actin cross-linker -actinin has been implied in several important cellular processes. In Entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of human amoebiasis, -actinin is believed to be required for infection. To better understand the role of -actinin in the infectious process we have determined the solution structure of the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain using NMR. The final structure ensemble of the apo form shows two lobes, that both resemble other pairs of calcium-binding EF-hand motifs, connected with a mobile linker. Proteins 2016; 84:461-466.
|
|
| 33. |
- Kumar, Rajendra, et al.
(author)
-
Subtle structural alterations in G-quadruplex DNA regulate site specificity of fluorescence light-up probes
- 2020
-
In: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 48:3, s. 1108-1119
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are linked to key biological processes and human diseases. Small molecules that target specific G4 DNA structures and signal their presence would therefore be of great value as chemical research tools with potential to further advance towards diagnostic and therapeutic developments. However, the development of these types of specific compounds remain as a great challenge. In here, we have developed a compound with ability to specifically signal a certain c-MYC G4 DNA structure through a fluorescence light-up mechanism. Despite the compound's two binding sites on the G4 DNA structure, only one of them result in the fluorescence light-up effect. This G-tetrad selectivity proved to originate from a difference in flexibility that affected the binding affinity and tilt the compound out of the planar conformation required for the fluorescence light-up mechanism. The intertwined relation between the presented factors is likely the reason for the lack of examples using rational design to develop compounds with turn-on emission that specifically target certain G4 DNA structures. However, this study shows that it is indeed possible to develop such compounds and present insights into the molecular details of specific G4 DNA recognition and signaling to advance future studies of G4 biology.
|
|
| 34. |
- Laera, A, et al.
(author)
-
A simultaneous assessment of organic matter and trace elements bio-accessibility in substrate and digestate from an anaerobic digestion plant
- 2019
-
In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 288
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluates a simultaneous assessment of organic matter (OM) and trace elements (TE) bio-accessibility in substrate and digestate from a full-scale anaerobic digester by a sequential OM extraction method. Simultaneous release of TE was determined along with the extraction of different OM fractions and the effects of extracting reagents on characteristics of OM were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The reagents used for sequential extraction of OM were not enough selective. However, proteins were particularly removed by 0.1 M NaOH, while 72% H2SO4 mainly extracted hemicellulose and cellulose. The OM fractionation allowed for simultaneous extraction of greater than60% of total As, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn, while the extraction was limited for Al, Cr, Cu, Mo, and Pb. In substrate, greater than50% of total As, Co, Mn and Ni and less than40% of total Fe, Zn and Mo were identified in bio-accessible fractions. In digestate, all elements demonstrated poor bio-accessibility except for As.less thanbr /greater than (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
|
|
| 35. |
- Livendahl, Madeleine, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis of phenanthridine spiropyrans and studies of their effects on G-quadruplex DNA
- 2017
-
In: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 15:15, s. 3265-3275
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are involved in many important biological processes and can be linked to several human diseases. Drug-like low molecular weight compounds that target G4 structures are therefore interesting not only for their potential therapeutic properties but also for their potential use as chemical research tools. We report here on the development of methods to synthesize spiropyrans using a condensation-cyclisation reaction of quaternary salts of [small alpha]-methyl quinoline or phenanthridine with salicylaldehydes. Evaluation of the synthesized phenanthridine spiropyrans' interactions with G4 DNA was performed with a Thioflavin T displacement assay, circular dichroism, Taq DNA polymerase stop assay, and NMR. This revealed that the substitution pattern on the phenanthridine spiropyrans was very important for their ability to bind and stabilize G4 structures. Some of the synthesized low molecular weight spirocyclic compounds efficiently stabilized G4 structures without inducing structural changes by binding the first G-tetrad in the G4 structure.
|
|
| 36. |
- Ljunggren, Joel, et al.
(author)
-
Antifungal efficiency of individual compounds and evaluation of non-linear effects by recombining fractionated turpentine
- 2020
-
In: Microchemical journal (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-265X .- 1095-9149. ; 153
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A combination between a reductive and a holistic assay was employed to investigate whole fraction, synergistic, antagonistic and individual compound efficacy of vacuumdistilled turpentine fractions against the economically important brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. The fungus was subjected to recombinations of turpentine fractions at a concentration of 1000 ppm. All combinations exhibited useful antifungal properties, but some antifungal mixtures showed a more pronounced effect than the expected level of inhibition. Synergistic effects by a two-fold factor and minor antagonistic effects were observed. Complete growth inhibition of C. puteana was observed by a fraction obtained after distilling 1 L turpentine at 111–177°C (0.5 mbar) as well as by mixing it with another fraction withdrawn at 70–79°C (0.5 mbar). Chemical compositions of distilled fractions were determined through GC–MS analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS) multivariate data analysis of GC–MS chromatograms was employed to zoom in on the most active compounds responsible for antifungal activity. Isomers of epicubenol, the hydrocarbon aromatic compound ar-himachalene and α-cadinol are suggested as effective antifungal compounds. In addition, a subsequent fractionation of the most effective fraction was performed with preparatory gas chromatography and subfractions showed similar or better efficacy than previously observed. Our work demonstrates the possibility to retain adequate synergistic antifungal efficiency and offers an opportunity to explore the effects of individual compounds originating from the same crude sample.
|
|
| 37. |
- Ljunggren, Joel, et al.
(author)
-
Evaluation of fractionally distilled Picea abies TMP-turpentine on wood-decaying fungi : in vitro, microcosm and field experiments
- 2020
-
In: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 54, s. 847-868
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Synthetic and heavy metal antifungals are frequently used as wood preservatives. However, they exhibit relatively inert biodegradation and toxic properties when leached; this makes their replacement with environmentally degradable yet functional alternatives a key target in the wood protection industry. In this context, distilled fractions of raw thermomechanical pulp turpentine (TMP-T) from Picea abies were assessed for their wood protecting capabilities against wood-decaying fungi. Antifungal bioactivity of fractions and some of their combinations were screened on agar-plates against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Addition of TMP-T fractions showed a significant fungal growth rate reduction, while mixtures indicated the presence of synergistic and antagonistic effects. One fraction, obtained after distilling 1 L TMP-T at 111–177 °C at 0.5 mbar, showed complete growth inhibition of Antrodia sinuosa, Serpula lacrymans, Serpula himantioides and significant inhibition of Antrodia serialis, Antrodia xantha, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Heterobasidion parviporum at a concentration of 1000 ppm. This fraction was further examined for long- and medium-term effects on wood decay in microcosm soil-jar and field experiment, respectively. The known antifungal compounds benzisothiazolinone, 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 3-iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate and two commercial wood preservatives were used as reference treatments. Commercial preservatives instilled long-term efficacy against C. puteana wood decay in a soil-jar microcosm experiment, but no noticeable protection with antifungal compounds or the present treatments was found. However, a moderate effect by the TMP-T fraction from the in vitro assay was observed and the TMP-turpentine distillation residue showed a similar fungal inhibition effect to the most potent commercial treatment after 29 months in the field.
|
|
| 38. |
- Lundstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamic modelling of time series data in nutritional metabonomics : A powerful complement to randomized clinical trials in functional food studies
- 2010
-
In: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - : Elsevier B V. - 0169-7439 .- 1873-3239. ; 104:1, s. 112-120
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Functional foods are foods or dietary ingredients that provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition. A new legislation, known as the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation, defines the legal framework for such claims within the European Union. Any claim about the nutritional or physiological effects of a product must be scientifically demonstrated. In this study, we have focused on the exploration of metabonomics as a complementary profiling technology to establish monitoring/data analysis procedures of randomized nutritional trials. More specifically, a combined intake of soybean and grapefruit in a human intervention study was analyzed with respect to both pharmacological and physiological effects. Resulting multivariate models showed a diet-induced decrease of lactate, cholesterols and triglycerides. The most drastically elevated metabolite, myo-inositol, was found to accompany a marked reduction of triglyceride levels. Suggestively, this is due to the biotransformation of myo-inositol to phosphatidylinositol, which results in a decrease of available precursors to form triglycerides. Strong inter-subject variation was present that required special attention. Dynamic modelling of collected time series data that provided the opportunity to identify slow, medium or fast responders as well as groups of subjects showing different response profiles, was also highlighted in the study. The applied strategy of time series data has proven to be a powerful complement to randomized nutritional studies adopting a clinical trial design.
|
|
| 39. |
- Mahboubi, Miramirhossein, et al.
(author)
-
C-13 Tracking after (CO2)-C-13 Supply Revealed Diurnal Patterns of Wood Formation in Aspen
- 2015
-
In: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 168, s. 478-489
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wood of trees is formed from carbon assimilated in the photosynthetic tissues. Determining the temporal dynamics of carbon assimilation, subsequent transport into developing wood, and incorporation to cell walls would further our understanding of wood formation in particular and tree growth in general. To investigate these questions, we designed a (CO2)-C-13 labeling system to study carbon transport and incorporation to developing wood of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula 3 tremuloides). Tracking of C-13 incorporation to wood over a time course using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed diurnal patterns in wood cell wall biosynthesis. The dark period had a differential effect on C-13 incorporation to lignin and cell wall carbohydrates. No C-13 was incorporated into aromatic amino acids of cell wall proteins in the dark, suggesting that cell wall protein biosynthesis ceased during the night. The results show previously unrecognized temporal patterns in wood cell wall biosynthesis, suggest diurnal cycle as a possible cue in the regulation of carbon incorporation to wood, and establish a unique C-13 labeling method for the analysis of wood formation and secondary growth in trees.
|
|
| 40. |
- Michel, Maurice, et al.
(author)
-
Computational and Experimental Druggability Assessment of Human DNA Glycosylases
- 2019
-
In: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 4:7, s. 11642-11656
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to a polar or even charged binding interface, DNA-binding proteins are considered extraordinarily difficult targets for development of small-molecule ligands and only a handful of proteins have been targeted successfully to date. Recently, however, it has been shown that development of selective and efficient inhibitors of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase is possible. Here, we describe the initial druggability assessment of DNA glycosylases in a computational setting and experimentally investigate several methods to target endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1) with small-molecule inhibitors. We find that DNA glycosylases exhibit good predicted druggability in both DNA-bound and -unbound states. Furthermore, we find catalytic sites to be highly flexible, allowing for a range of interactions and binding partners. One flexible catalytic site was rationalized for NEIL1 and further investigated experimentally using both a biochemical assay in the presence of DNA and a thermal shift assay in the absence of DNA.
|
|
| 41. |
- Miranda, Diego A., et al.
(author)
-
Production and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from Halomonas boliviensis LC1 cultivated in hydrolysates of quinoa stalks
- 2023
-
In: Fermentation. - : MDPI. - 2311-5637. ; 9:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The global production of fossil-based plastics has reached critical levels, and their substitution with bio-based polymers is an urgent requirement. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a biopolymer that can be produced via microbial cultivation, but efficient microorganisms and low-cost substrates are required. Halomonas boliviensis LC1, a moderately halophilic bacterium, is an effective PHB producer, and hydrolysates of the residual stalks of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) can be considered a cheap source of sugars for microbial fermentation processes in quinoa-producing countries. In this study, H. boliviensis LC1 was adapted to a cellulosic hydrolysate of quinoa stalks obtained via acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. The adapted strain was cultivated in hydrolysates and synthetic media, each of them with two different initial concentrations of glucose. Cell growth, glucose consumption, and PHB formation during cultivation were assessed. The cultivation results showed an initial lag in microbial growth and glucose consumption in the quinoa hydrolysates compared to cultivation in synthetic medium, but after 33 h, the values were comparable for all media. Cultivation in hydrolysates with an initial glucose concentration of 15 g/L resulted in a higher glucose consumption rate (0.15 g/(L h) vs. 0.14 g/(L h)) and volumetric productivity of PHB (14.02 mg/(L h) vs. 10.89 mg/(L h)) than cultivation in hydrolysates with 20 g/L as the initial glucose concentration. During most of the cultivation time, the PHB yield on initial glucose was higher for cultivation in synthetic medium than in hydrolysates. The produced PHBs were characterized using advanced analytical techniques, such as high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). HPSEC revealed that the molecular weight of PHB produced in the cellulosic hydrolysate was lower than that of PHB produced in synthetic medium. TGA showed higher thermal stability for PHB produced in synthetic medium than for that produced in the hydrolysate. The results of the other characterization techniques displayed comparable features for both PHB samples. The presented results show the feasibility of producing PHB from quinoa stalks with H. boliviensis.
|
|
| 42. |
- Mohan Pawar, Prashant, et al.
(author)
-
In muro deacetylation of xylan affects lignin properties and improves saccharification of aspen wood
- 2017
-
In: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834 .- 1754-6834. ; 10:1, s. Art nr 98-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Lignocellulose from fast growing hardwood species is a preferred source of polysaccharides for advanced biofuels and "green" chemicals. However, the extensive acetylation of hardwood xylan hinders lignocellulose saccharification by obstructing enzymatic xylan hydrolysis and causing inhibitory acetic acid concentrations during microbial sugar fermentation. To optimize lignocellulose for cost-effective saccharification and biofuel production, an acetyl xylan esterase AnAXE1 from Aspergillus niger was introduced into aspen and targeted to cell walls. Results: AnAXE1-expressing plants exhibited reduced xylan acetylation and grew normally. Without pretreatment, their lignocellulose yielded over 25% more glucose per unit mass of wood (dry weight) than wild-type plants. Glucose yields were less improved (+7%) after acid pretreatment, which hydrolyses xylan. The results indicate that AnAXE1 expression also reduced the molecular weight of xylan, and xylan-lignin complexes and/or lignin co-extracted with xylan, increased cellulose crystallinity, altered the lignin composition, reducing its syringyl to guaiacyl ratio, and increased lignin solubility in dioxane and hot water. Lignin-associated carbohydrates became enriched in xylose residues, indicating a higher content of xylo-oligosaccharides. Conclusions: This work revealed several changes in plant cell walls caused by deacetylation of xylan. We propose that deacetylated xylan is partially hydrolyzed in the cell walls, liberating xylo-oligosaccharides and their associated lignin oligomers from the cell wall network. Deacetylating xylan thus not only increases its susceptibility to hydrolytic enzymes during saccharification but also changes the cell wall architecture, increasing the extractability of lignin and xylan and facilitating saccharification.
|
|
| 43. |
- Mojica, Sergio A., et al.
(author)
-
N-acylated derivatives of sulfamethoxazole block Chlamydia fatty acid synthesis and interact with FabF
- 2017
-
In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - : American society for microbiology. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 61:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The type II fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway is essential for bacterial lipid biosynthesis and continues to be a promising target for novel antibacterial compounds. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Chlamydia is capable of FASII and this pathway is indispensable for Chlamydia growth. Previously, a high-content screen with Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells was performed, and acylated sulfonamides were identified to be potent growth inhibitors of the bacteria. C. trachomatis strains resistant to acylated sulfonamides were isolated by serial passage of a wild-type strain in the presence of low compound concentrations. Results from whole-genome sequencing of 10 isolates from two independent drug-resistant populations revealed that mutations that accumulated in fabF were predominant. Studies of the interaction between the FabF protein and small molecules showed that acylated sulfonamides directly bind to recombinant FabF in vitro and treatment of C. trachomatis-infected HeLa cells with the compounds leads to a decrease in the synthesis of Chlamydia fatty acids. This work demonstrates the importance of FASII for Chlamydia development and may lead to the development of new antimicrobials.
|
|
| 44. |
- Momayez, Forough, et al.
(author)
-
Valorization of hydrolysis lignin from a spruce-based biorefinery by applying y-valerolactone treatment
- 2022
-
In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 359
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydrolysis lignin, i.e., the hydrolysis residue of cellulosic ethanol plants, was extracted with the green solvent γ-valerolactone (GVL). Treatments at 170–210 °C were performed with either non-acidified GVL/water mixtures (NA-GVL) or with mixtures containing sulfuric acid (SA-GVL). SA-GVL treatment at 210 °C resulted in the highest lignin solubilization (64% (w/w) of initial content), and 76% of the solubilized mass was regenerated by water-induced precipitation. Regenerated lignins were characterized through compositional analysis with sulfuric acid, as well as using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), solid-state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS 13C NMR) spectroscopy, 1H–13C heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR (HSQC NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The characterization revealed that the main difference between regenerated lignins was their molecular weight. Molecular weight averages increased with treatment temperature, and they were higher and had broader distribution for SA-GVL lignins than for NA-GVL lignins.
|
|
| 45. |
- Musa, Najihah, et al.
(author)
-
Using Sex Pheromone and a Multi-Scale Approach to Predict the Distribution of a Rare Saproxylic Beetle
- 2013
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European red click beetle, Elater ferrugineus L., is associated with wood mould in old hollow deciduous trees. As a result of severe habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance, it is threatened throughout its distribution range. A new pheromone-based survey method, which is very efficient in detecting the species, was used in the present study to relate the occurrence of E. ferrugineus to the density of deciduous trees. The latter data were from a recently completed regional survey in SE Sweden recording >120,000 deciduous trees. The occurrence of E. ferrugineus increased with increasing amount of large hollow and large non-hollow trees in the surrounding landscape. Quercus robur (oak) was found to be the most important substrate for E. ferrugineus, whereas two groups of tree species (Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica, Ulmus glabra, vs. Acer platanoides, Aesculus hippocastanum, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata) were less important but may be a complement to oak in sustaining populations of the beetle. The occurrence of E. ferrugineus was explained by the density of oaks at two different spatial scales, within the circle radii 327 m and 4658 m. In conclusion, priority should be given to oaks in conservation management of E. ferrugineus, and then to the deciduous trees in the genera listed above. Conservation planning at large spatial and temporal scales appears to be essential for long-term persistence of E. ferrugineus. We also show that occurrence models based on strategic sampling might result in pessimistic predictions. This study demonstrates how pheromone-based monitoring make insects excellent tools for sustained feedback to models for landscape conservation management.
|
|
| 46. |
- Nilsson, Emma C, 1979-, et al.
(author)
-
The GD1a glycan is a cellular receptor for adenoviruses causing epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (Letter)
- 2011
-
In: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 17:1, s. 105-109
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adenovirus type 37 (Ad37) is a leading cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a severe and highly contagious ocular disease. Whereas most other adenoviruses infect cells by engaging CD46 or the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), Ad37 binds previously unknown sialic acid-containing cell surface molecules. By glycan array screening, we show here that the receptor-recognizing knob domain of the Ad37 fiber protein specifically binds a branched hexasaccharide that is present in the GD1a ganglioside and that features two terminal sialic acids. Soluble GD1a glycan and GD1a-binding antibodies efficiently prevented Ad37 virions from binding and infecting corneal cells. Unexpectedly, the receptor is constituted by one or more glycoproteins containing the GD1a glycan motif rather than the ganglioside itself, as shown by binding, infection and flow cytometry experiments. Molecular modeling, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography reveal that the two terminal sialic acids dock into two of three previously established sialic acid-binding sites in the trimeric Ad37 knob. Surface plasmon resonance analysis shows that the knob-GD1a glycan interaction has high affinity. Our findings therefore form a basis for the design and development of sialic acid-containing antiviral drugs for topical treatment of EKC.
|
|
| 47. |
- Normark, Monica, et al.
(author)
-
Biochemical Conversion of Torrefied Norway Spruce After Pretreatment with Acid or Ionic Liquid
- 2016
-
In: Bioenergy Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 9:1, s. 355-368
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The chemical effects of torrefaction and the possibility to combine torrefaction with biochemical conversion were explored in experiments with five preparations of wood of Norway spruce that had been torrefied using different degrees of severity. Compositional analysis and analyses using solid-state CP/MAS C-13 NMR, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Py-GC/MS showed small gradual changes, such as decreased hemicellulosic content and increased Klason lignin value, for torrefaction conditions in the range from 260 A degrees C and 8 min up to 310 A degrees C and 8 min. The most severe torrefaction conditions (310 A degrees C, 25 min) resulted in substantial loss of glucan and further increase of the Klason lignin value, which was attributed to conversion of carbohydrate to pseudo-lignin. Even mild torrefaction conditions led to decreased susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, a state which was not changed by pretreatment with sulfuric acid. Pretreatment with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate overcame the additional recalcitrance caused by torrefaction, and the glucose yields after 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis of wood torrefied at 260 A degrees C for 8 min and at 285 A degrees C for 16.5 min were as high as that of IL-pretreated non-torrefied spruce wood. Compared to IL-pretreated non-torrefied reference wood, the glucose production rates after 2 h of enzymatic hydrolysis of IL-pretreated wood torrefied at 260 A degrees C for 8 min and at 285 A degrees C for 16.5 min were 63 and 40 % higher, respectively. The findings offer increased understanding of the effects of torrefaction and indicate that mild torrefaction is compatible with biochemical conversion after pretreatment with alternative solvents that disrupt pseudo-lignin-containing lignocellulose.
|
|
| 48. |
- Pinkner, Jerome S., et al.
(author)
-
Rationally designed small compounds inhibit pilus biogenesis in uropathogenic bacteria
- 2006
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - Washtington : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 103:47, s. 17897-17902
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A chemical synthesis platform with broad applications and flexibility was rationally designed to inhibit biogenesis of adhesive pili assembled by the chaperone–usher pathway in Gram-negative pathogens. The activity of a family of bicyclic 2-pyridones, termed pilicides, was evaluated in two different pilus biogenesis systems in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Hemagglutination mediated by either type 1 or P pili, adherence to bladder cells, and biofilm formation mediated by type 1 pili were all reduced by 90% in laboratory and clinical E. coli strains. The structure of the pilicide bound to the P pilus chaperone PapD revealed that the pilicide bound to the surface of the chaperone known to interact with the usher, the outer-membrane assembly platform where pili are assembled. Point mutations in the pilicide-binding site dramatically reduced pilus formation but did not block the ability of PapD to bind subunits and mediate their folding. Surface plasmon resonance experiments confirmed that the pilicide interfered with the binding of chaperone–subunit complexes to the usher. These pilicides thus target key virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria and represent a promising proof of concept for developing drugs that function by targeting virulence factors.
|
|
| 49. |
- Prasad, Bagineni, et al.
(author)
-
The Relation Between Position and Chemical Composition of Bis-Indole Substituents Determines Their Interactions With G-Quadruplex DNA
- 2020
-
In: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 26:43, s. 9561-9572
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are linked to fundamental biological processes and human diseases, which has triggered the development of compounds that affect these DNA structures. However, more knowledge is needed about how small molecules interact with G4 DNA structures. This study describes the development of a new class of bis‐indoles (3,3‐diindolyl‐methyl derivatives) and detailed studies of how they interact with G4 DNA using orthogonal assays, biophysical techniques, and computational studies. This revealed compounds that strongly bind and stabilize G4 DNA structures, and detailed binding interactions which e.g. show that charge variance can play a key role in G4 DNA binding. Furthermore, the structure‐activity relationships generated opened the possibilities to replace or introduce new substituents on the core structure, which is of key importance to optimize compound properties or introduce probes to further expand the possibilities of these compounds as tailored research tools to study G4 biology.
|
|
| 50. |
- Rahmani, Rizan, et al.
(author)
-
Identification and synthesis of putative pheromone components of the threatened salt marsh bagworm moth, Whittleia retiella (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 46, s. 115-127
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whittleia retiella (Newman, 1847) is a threatened salt marsh species of the bagworm moth family Psychidae. For its preservation it is necessary to develop efficient tools to survey its distribution and habitat requirements in order to use appropriate conservation methods. Such tools may be pheromone-based monitoring systems, which have documented efficacy in establishing the occurrence of cryptic insect species in nature. By using gas chromatography combined with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), we found two compounds in female W. retiella headspace samples and whole-body extracts that elicited electrophysiological activity in male antennae. Gas chromatograpy coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) operating in electron impact (EI) mode and comparison of the analytical data with those of synthetic reference compounds showed the chemical structures of these putative pheromone components to be (1S)-1-methylpropyl (5Z)-dec-5-enoate and 1-methylethyl (5Z)-dec-5-enoate. Field assays using baits loaded with synthetic compounds revealed that conspecific males were attracted to (1S)-1-methylpropyl (5Z)-dec-5-enoate alone or in combination with 1-methylethyl (5Z)-dec-5-enoate, whereas 1-methylethyl (5Z)-dec-5-enoate neither attracted nor repelled males in the field assays when tested alone. This study shows the potential of using (1S)-1-methylpropyl (5Z)-dec-5-enoate for monitoring W. retiella to gather more detailed information about the geographic distribution and habitat needs of this rare moth.
|
|
