| 1. |
- Kristenson, Karolina, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Ventilatory efficiency in combination with peak oxygen uptake improves risk stratification in patients undergoing lobectomy
- 2022
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In: JTCVS Open. - : Elsevier. - 2666-2736. ; 11:C, s. 317-326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether or not using the slope of the increase in minute ventilation in relation to carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2-slope), with a cutoff value of 35, could improve risk stratification for major pulmonary complications or death following lobectomy in lung cancer patients at moderate risk (VO2peak = 10-20 mL/kg/min). Methods: Single center, retrospective analysis of 146 patients with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy and preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 2008-2020. The main outcome was any major pulmonary complication or death within 30 days of surgery. Patients were categorized based on their preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing as: low-risk group, peak oxygen uptake >20 mL/kg/min; low-moderate risk, peak oxygen uptake 10 to 20 mL/kg/min and VE/VCO2-slope <35; and moderate-high risk, peak oxygen uptake 10 to 20 mL/kg/min and VE/VCO2-slope =35. The frequency of complications between groups was compared using ?2 test. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio with 95% CI for the main outcome based on the cardiopulmonary exercise testing group. Results: Overall, 25 patients (17%) experienced a major pulmonary complication or died (2 deaths). The frequency of complications differed between the cardiopulmonary exercise testing groups: 29%, 13%, and 8% in the moderate-high, low-moderate, and low-risk group, respectively (P = .023). Using the low-risk group as reference, the adjusted odds ratio for the low-moderate risk group was 3.44 (95% CI, 0.66-17.90), whereas the odds ratio for the moderate-high risk group was 8.87 (95% CI, 1.86-42.39). Conclusions: Using the VE/VCO2-slope with a cutoff value of 35 improved risk stratification for major pulmonary complications following lobectomy in lung cancer patients with moderate risk based on a peak oxygen uptake of 10 to 20 mL/kg/min. This suggests that the VE/VCO2-slope can be used for preoperative risk evaluation in lung cancer lobectomy. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 2. |
- Amsallem, Myriam, et al.
(author)
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Quantifying the Influence of Wedge Pressure, Age, and Heart Rate on the Systolic Thresholds for Detection of Pulmonary Hypertension
- 2020
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : WILEY. - 2047-9980. ; 9:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The strong linear relation between mean (MPAP) and systolic (SPAP) pulmonary arterial pressure (eg, SPAP=1.62xMPAP) has been mainly reported in precapillary pulmonary hypertension. This study sought to quantify the influence of pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), heart rate, and age on the MPAP-SPAP relation. METHODS AND RESULTS: An allometric equation relating invasive MPAP and SPAP was developed in 1135 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, advanced lung disease, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, or left heart failure. The equation was validated in 60 885 patients from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database referred for heart and/or lung transplant. The MPAP/SPAP longitudinal stability was assessed in pulmonary arterial hypertension with repeated right heart catheterization. The equation obtained was SPAP=1.39xMPAPxPAWP(-0.07)x(60/heart rate)(0.12)xage(0.08) (P<0.001). It was validated in the UNOS cohort (R-2=0.93, P<0.001), regardless of the type of organ(s) patients were listed for (mean bias [-1.96 SD; 1.96 SD] was 0.94 [-8.00; 9.88] for heart, 1.34 [-7.81; 10.49] for lung and 0.25 [-16.74; 17.24] mm Hg for heart-lung recipients). Thresholds of SPAP for MPAP=25 and 20 mm Hg were lower in patients with higher PAWP (37.2 and 29.8 mm Hg) than in those with pulmonary arterial hypertension (40.1 and 32.0 mm Hg). In 186 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, the predicted MPAP/SPAP was stable over time (0.63 +/- 0.03 at baseline and follow-up catheterization, P=0.43). CONCLUSIONS: This study quantifies the impact of PAWP, and to a lesser extent heart rate and age, on the MPAP-SPAP relation, supporting lower SPAP thresholds for pulmonary hypertension diagnosis in patients with higher PAWP for echocardiography-based epidemiological studies.
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| 3. |
- Cauwenberghs, Nicholas, et al.
(author)
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Impact of age, sex and heart rate variability on the acute cardiovascular response to isometric handgrip exercise
- 2021
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In: Journal of Human Hypertension. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0950-9240 .- 1476-5527. ; 5:1, s. 55-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) triggers acute increases in cardiac output to meet the metabolic demands of the active skeletal muscle. An abnormal cardiovascular response to IHG might reflect early stages of cardiovascular disease. In a large community-based cohort, we comprehensively assessed the clinical correlates of acute cardiovascular changes during IHG. In total, 333 randomly recruited subjects (mean age, 53 +/- 13 years, 45% women) underwent simultaneous echocardiography and finger applanation tonometry at rest and during 3 min of IHG at 40% maximal handgrip force. We calculated time-domain measures of short-term heart rate variability (HRV) from finger pulse intervals. We assessed the adjusted associations of changes in blood pressure (BP) and echocardiographic indexes with clinical characteristics and HRV measures. During IHG, men presented a stronger absolute increase in heart rate, diastolic BP, left ventricular (LV) volumes and cardiac output than women, even after adjustment for covariables. In adjusted continuous and categorical analyses, age correlated positively with the increase in systolic BP and pulse pressure, but negatively with the increase in LV stroke volume and cardiac output during exercise. After full adjustment, a greater increase in systolic and diastolic BP during exercise was associated with lower absolute real variability (P amp;lt;= 0.026) and root mean square of successive differences (P amp;lt;= 0.032) in pulse intervals at rest. In a general population sample, women presented a weaker cardiovascular response to IHG than men. Older age was associated with greater rise in BP pulsatility and diminished cardiac reserve. Low HRV at rest predicted a higher BP increase during isometric exercise.
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| 4. |
- Ekström, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Exertional breathlessness related to medical conditions in middle-aged people: the population-based SCAPIS study of more than 25,000 men and women.
- 2024
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In: Respiratory research. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1465-993X .- 1465-9921. ; 25:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Breathlessness is common in the population and can be related to a range of medical conditions. We aimed to evaluate the burden of breathlessness related to different medical conditions in a middle-aged population.Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study of adults aged 50-64years. Breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC]≥2) was evaluated in relation to self-reported symptoms, stress, depression; physician-diagnosed conditions; measured body mass index (BMI), spirometry, venous haemoglobin concentration, coronary artery calcification and stenosis [computer tomography (CT) angiography], and pulmonary emphysema (high-resolution CT). For each condition, the prevalence and breathlessness population attributable fraction (PAF) were calculated, overall and by sex, smoking history, and presence/absence of self-reported cardiorespiratory disease.We included 25,948 people aged 57.5±[SD] 4.4; 51% women; 37% former and 12% current smokers; 43% overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), 21% obese (BMI≥30); 25% with respiratory disease, 14% depression, 9% cardiac disease, and 3% anemia. Breathlessness was present in 3.7%. Medical conditions most strongly related to the breathlessness prevalence were (PAF 95%CI): overweight and obesity (59.6-66.0%), stress (31.6-76.8%), respiratory disease (20.1-37.1%), depression (17.1-26.6%), cardiac disease (6.3-12.7%), anemia (0.8-3.3%), and peripheral arterial disease (0.3-0.8%). Stress was the main factor in women and current smokers.Breathlessness mainly relates to overweight/obesity and stress and to a lesser extent to comorbidities like respiratory, depressive, and cardiac disorders among middle-aged people in a high-income setting-supporting the importance of lifestyle interventions to reduce the burden of breathlessness in the population.
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| 5. |
- Gomes, Bruna, et al.
(author)
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Defining left ventricular remodeling using lean body mass allometry: a UK Biobank study
- 2023
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In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : SPRINGER. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 123, s. 989-1001
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose The geometric patterns of ventricular remodeling are determined using indexed left ventricular mass (LVM), end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and concentricity, most often measured using the mass-to-volume ratio (MVR). The aims of this study were to validate lean body mass (LBM)-based allometric coefficients for scaling and to determine an index of concentricity that is independent of both volume and LBM.Methods Participants from the UK Biobank who underwent both CMR and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during 2014-2015 were considered (n = 5064). We excluded participants aged >= 70 years or those with cardiometabolic risk factors. We determined allometric coefficients for scaling using linear regression of the logarithmically transformed ventricular remodeling parameters. We further defined a multiplicative allometric relationship for LV concentricity (LVC) adjusting for both LVEDV and LBM.Results A total of 1638 individuals (1057 female) were included. In subjects with lower body fat percentage (< 25% in males, < 35% in females, n = 644), the LBM allometric coefficients for scaling LVM and LVEDV were 0.85 +/- 0.06 and 0.85 +/- 0.03 respectively (R-2 = 0.61 and 0.57, P < 0.001), with no evidence of sex-allometry interaction. While the MVR was independent of LBM, it demonstrated a negative association with LVEDV in (females: r = - 0.44, P < 0.001; males: - 0.38, P < 0.001). In contrast, LVC was independent of both LVEDV and LBM [LVC = LVM/(LVEDV0.40 x LBM0.50)] leading to increased overlap between LV hypertrophy and higher concentricity.Conclusions We validated allometric coefficients for LBM-based scaling for CMR indexed parameters relevant for classifying geometric patterns of ventricular remodeling.
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| 6. |
- Hedman, Kristofer, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Age- and gender-specific upper limits and reference equations for workload-indexed systolic blood pressure response during bicycle ergometry
- 2021
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In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 28:12, s. 1360-1369
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Guidelines recommend considering workload in interpretation of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to exercise, but reference values are lacking. Design: This was a retrospective, consecutive cohort study. Methods: From 12,976 subjects aged 18–85 years who performed a bicycle ergometer exercise test at one centre in Sweden during the years 2005–2016, we excluded those with prevalent cardiovascular disease, comorbidities, cardiac risk factors or medications. We extracted SBP, heart rate and workload (watt) from ≥ 3 time points from each test. The SBP/watt-slope and the SBP/watt-ratio at peak exercise were calculated. Age- and sex-specific mean values, standard deviations and 90th and 95th percentiles were determined. Reference equations for workload-indexed and peak SBP were derived using multiple linear regression analysis, including sex, age, workload, SBP at rest and anthropometric variables as predictors. Results: A final sample of 3839 healthy subjects (n = 1620 female) were included. While females had lower mean peak SBP than males (188 ± 24 vs 202 ± 22 mmHg, p < 0.001), workload-indexed SBP measures were markedly higher in females; SBP/watt-slope: 0.52 ± 0.21 versus 0.41 ± 0.15 mmHg/watt (p < 0.001); peak SBP/watt-ratio: 1.35 ± 0.34 versus 0.90 ± 0.21 mmHg/watt (p < 0.001). Age, sex, exercise capacity, resting SBP and height were significant predictors of the workload-indexed SBP parameters and were included in the reference equations. Conclusions: These novel reference values can aid clinicians and exercise physiologists in interpreting the SBP response to exercise and may provide a basis for future research on the prognostic impact of exercise SBP. In females, a markedly higher SBP in relation to workload could imply a greater peripheral vascular resistance during exercise than in males.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hedman, Kristofer, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Blood pressure in athletic preparticipation evaluation and the implication for cardiac remodelling
- 2019
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In: Heart. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 105:16, s. 1223-1230
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives To explore blood pressure (BP) in athletes at preparticipation evaluation (PPE) in the context of recently updated US and European hypertension guidelines, and to determine the relationship between BP and left ventricular (LV) remodelling.Methods In this retrospective study, athletes aged 13–35 years who underwent PPE facilitated by the Stanford Sports Cardiology programme were considered. Resting BP was measured in both arms; repeated once if >=140/90 mm Hg. Athletes with abnormal ECGs or known hypertension were excluded. BP was categorised per US/European hypertension guidelines. In a separate cohort of athletes undergoing routine PPE echocardiography, we explored the relationship between BP and LV remodelling (LV mass, mass/volume ratio, sphericity index) and LV function.Results In cohort 1 (n=2733, 65.5% male), 34.3% of athletes exceeded US hypertension thresholds. Male sex (B=3.17, p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (B=0.80, p<0.001) and height (B=0.25, p<0.001) were the strongest independent correlates of systolic BP. In the second cohort (n=304, ages 17–26), systolic BP was an independent correlate of LV mass/volume ratio (B=0.002, p=0.001). LV longitudinal strain was similar across BP categories, while higher BP was associated with slower early diastolic relaxation.Conclusion In a large contemporary cohort of athletes, one-third presented with BP levels above the current US guidelines’ thresholds for hypertension, highlighting that lowering the BP thresholds at PPE warrants careful consideration as well as efforts to standardise measurements. Higher systolic BP was associated with male sex, BMI and height and with LV remodelling and diastolic function, suggesting elevated BP in athletes during PPE may signify a clinically relevant condition.
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| 9. |
- Hedman, Kristofer, 1984-
(author)
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Cardiac function and long-term volume load : Physiological investigations in endurance athletes and in patients operated on for aortic regurgitation
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background and aims. The heart is a remarkably adaptable organ, continuously changing its output to match metabolic demands and haemodynamic load. But also in long-term settings, such as in chronic or repeated volume load, there are changes in cardiac dimensions and mass termed cardiac hypertrophy. Depending on the stimulus imposing the volume load this hypertrophy differs in extent and phenotype. We aimed to study cardiac function in two settings with long-term volume load, including patients previously operated for aortic regurgitation and healthy females performing endurance training.Methods. In paper I, 21 patients (age 52±12 years, all male) operated on with aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation (AR) underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and an echocardiographic evaluation in average 49±15 months following surgery. The peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) was compared to results from a pre-operative and a six months follow-up, and relations to echocardiographic measures were determined.In papers II–IV, 48 endurance trained female athletes (ATH, age 21±2 years) were compared to 46 untrained females (CON, age 21±2 years) regarding echocardiographic measures of cardiac dimensions, global and regional cardiac function and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) determined with CPET. Relations between VO2max and cardiac variables were explored.Results. In paper I, peakVO2 had decreased from 26±6 to 23±5 mL/kg/min in patients from the first to second, late follow-up. This decrease was larger than expected by their increased age alone, and a majority of patients had a cardiorespiratory fitness below average according to reference values from healthy subjects of the same age, sex and weight.In papers II–IV, we found that ATH (VO2max 52±5 mL/kg/min) had larger atrial, ventricular and inferior vena cava dimensions compared to CON (VO2max 39±5 mL/kg/min). ATH had increased measures of right ventricular (RV) systolic function (RV atrioventricular plane displacement indexed by cardiac length 2.5±0.3 vs. 2.3±0.3, p=0.001) and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function (mitral E-wave velocity 0.92±0.17 vs. 0.86±0.11 m/s, p=0.029). In addition, systolic synchrony was similar between groups while there were heterogeneous differences in diastolic and systolic function across different myocardial segments. VO2max was most strongly related to LV end-diastolic volume (r=0.709, p<0.001).Conclusions. Decreasing peakVO2 following surgery for AR, despite a normalisation in cardiac dimension could either be a result of a remaining, slight myocardial dysfunction or post-operative negative influence on cardiac performance by filling disturbances or the prosthetic valve itself, or, a sign of an inadequate post-operative level of physical activity and lack of exercise training. This stresses the importance of post-operative management and methods for increasing aerobic capacity, where exercise testing could be valuable for guiding patients and tailoring exercise protocols.The eccentric cardiac hypertrophy in ATH, symmetrically distributed across the heart, depicts the physiological hypertrophy in response to volume load in endurance training. Cardiac function was similar, or for some measures slightly improved in ATH compared to CON and LV dimensions, rather than cardiac function, were predictors of VO2max. As the heart of female athletes has been far less studied than that in males, our results add knowledge regarding the female athlete’s heart, and our results of differences in segmental cardiac function merits further research.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hedman, Kristofer, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Left Ventricular Adaptation to 12 Weeks of Indoor Cycling at the Gym in Untrained Females.
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 38:9, s. 653-658
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cross-sectional studies provide evidence of larger cardiac dimensions and mass in endurance trained than in untrained females. Much less is known regarding adaptations in cardiac function following training in untrained subjects. We aimed to study left ventricular (LV) adaptation to indoor cycling in previously untrained females, in regard of LV dimensions, mass and function. 42 sedentary females were divided into 2 equally sized groups, either training indoor cycling at regular classes at a local gym for 12 weeks, in average 2.6 times per week, or maintaining their sedentary lifestyle. Echocardiography at rest and a maximal exercise test were performed before and after the intervention. Exercise capacity increased in average 16% in the exercise group (p<0.001), together with decreased heart rate at rest (p<0.05) and at 120 watts steady-state (p<0.001). There were no difference in systolic or diastolic function following the intervention and minimal increases in LV internal diameter in diastole (+1 mm, p<0.01). LV mass was unchanged with training (137±25 vs. 137±28 g, p=0.911). Our findings indicate that attending indoor cycling classes at a gym 2-to-3 times per week for 12 weeks is enough to improve exercise capacity, while a higher volume of training is required to elicit cardiac adaptations.
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| 13. |
- Hedman, Kristofer, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Limitations of Electrocardiography for Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy or Concentric Remodeling in Athletes
- 2020
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In: American Journal of Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9343 .- 1555-7162. ; 133:1, s. 123-132.e8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundElectrocardiography (ECG) is used to screen for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but common ECG-LVH criteria have been found less effective in athletes. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the value of ECG for identifying athletes with LVH or a concentric cardiac phenotype.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 196 male Division I college athletes routinely screened with ECG and echocardiography within the Stanford Athletic Cardiovascular Screening Program was performed. Left-ventricular mass and volume were determined using echocardiography. LVH was defined as left ventricular mass (LVM) > 102 g/m²; a concentric cardiac phenotype as LVM-to-volume (M/V) ≥ 1.05 g/mL. Twelve-lead electrocardiograms including high-resolution time intervals and QRS voltages were obtained. Thirty-seven previously published ECG-LVH criteria were applied, of which the majority have never been evaluated in athletes. C-statistics, including area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and likelihood ratios were calculated.ResultsECG lead voltages were poorly associated with LVM (r = 0.18-0.30) and M/V (r = 0.15-0.25). The proportion of athletes with ECG-LVH was 0%-74% across criteria, with sensitivity and specificity ranging between 0% and 91% and 27% and 99.5%, respectively. The average AUC of the criteria in identifying the 11 athletes with LVH was 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.59), and the average AUC for identifying the 8 athletes with a concentric phenotype was 0.59 (95% CI 0.56-0.62).ConclusionThe diagnostic capacity of all ECG-LVH criteria were inadequate and, therefore, not clinically useful in screening for LVH or a concentric phenotype in athletes. This is probably due to the weak association between LVM and ECG voltage.
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| 14. |
- Hedman, Kristofer, Docent, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Low but not high exercise systolic blood pressure is associated with long-term all-cause mortality
- 2021
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In: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2398-9459 .- 2055-7647. ; 7:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The risks associated with achieving a high peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) during clinical exercise testing remain controversial, although this issue has not been evaluated in relation to predicted SBP standards. This cohort study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of all-cause mortality in males in relation to reference values of peak SBP and the increase in SBP during exercise from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Database (FRIEND).Methods: We followed 7164 males (mean age: 58.2±10.6 years) over 95 998 person-years of follow-up (mean 13.4±5.4 years), who performed a maximal treadmill exercise test at baseline. SBP was measured at rest and at peak exercise. Risk of all-cause mortality over 20 years (Cox regression) was determined in relation to reference percentiles of peak SBP and increase in SBP with exercise: <10th (low), 10th-90th, >90th (high) percentiles.Results: A high peak or a large increase in SBP with exercise was not associated with all-cause mortality. Subjects with a low peak SBP had a 20% higher unadjusted risk for all-cause death compared with those with a normal value (1.20 (1.11-1.31)), and a statistically non-significant 7% higher risk after adjustment for all baseline risk factors (1.07 (0.97-1.18)). The corresponding unadjusted and adjusted risks associated with a low increase in SBP were 1.24 (1.15-1.35) and 1.11 (1.02-1.21), respectively.Conclusions: A low-but not high-peak SBP is associated with increased unadjusted risk of all-cause mortality. The FRIEND percentiles of exercise SBP can aid clinicians in individualising risk assessment.
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| 15. |
- Hedman, Kristofer, Docent, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Peak exercise SBP and future risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality
- 2022
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In: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 40:2, s. 300-309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular disease associated with peak systolic blood pressure (PeakSBP) at clinical exercise testing.Methods: Data from 10 096 clinical exercise tests (54% men, age 18-85 years) was cross-linked with outcome data from national registries. PeakSBP was compared with recently published reference percentiles as well as expressed as percentage predicted PeakSBP using reference equations.Natural cubic spline modelling and Cox regression were used to analyse data stratified by sex and baseline cardiovascular risk profile.Results: Median [IQR] follow-up times were 7.9 [5.7] years (all-cause mortality) and 5.6 [5.9] years (incident cardiovascular disease), respectively. The adjusted risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)] for individuals with PeakSBP below the 10th percentile was 2.00 (1.59-2.52) in men and 2.60 (1.97-3.44) in women, compared with individuals within the 10th--90th percentile. The corresponding risk for incident cardiovascular disease was 1.55 (1.28-1.89, men) and 1.34 (1.05-1.71, women). For males in the upper 90th percentile, compared with individuals within the 10th--90th percentile, the adjusted risks of all-cause death and incident cardiovascular disease were 0.35 (0.22-0.54) and 0.72 (0.57-0.92), respectively, while not statistically significant in women. Spline modelling revealed a continuous increase in risk with PeakSBP values less than 100% of predicted in both sexes, with no increase in risk more than 100% of predicted.Conclusion: Low, but not high, PeakSBP was associated with an increased risk of mortality and future cardiovascular disease. Using reference standards for PeakSBP could facilitate clinical risk stratification across patients of varying sex, age and exercise capacity.
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| 16. |
- Hedman, Kristofer, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Workload-indexed blood pressure response is superior to peak systolic blood pressure in predicting all-cause mortality
- 2020
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In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 27:9, s. 978-987
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims The association between peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise testing and outcome remains controversial, possibly due to the confounding effect of external workload (metabolic equivalents of task (METs)) on peak SBP as well as on survival. Indexing the increase in SBP to the increase in workload (SBP/MET-slope) could provide a more clinically relevant measure of the SBP response to exercise. We aimed to characterize the SBP/MET-slope in a large cohort referred for clinical exercise testing and to determine its relation to all-cause mortality. Methods and results Survival status for male Veterans who underwent a maximal treadmill exercise test between the years 1987 and 2007 were retrieved in 2018. We defined a subgroup of non-smoking 10-year survivors with fewer risk factors as a lower-risk reference group. Survival analyses for all-cause mortality were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs (95% confidence interval)) adjusted for baseline age, test year, cardiovascular risk factors, medications and comorbidities. A total of 7542 subjects were followed over 18.4 (interquartile range 16.3) years. In lower-risk subjects (n = 709), the median (95th percentile) of the SBP/MET-slope was 4.9 (10.0) mmHg/MET. Lower peak SBP (amp;lt;210 mmHg) and higher SBP/MET-slope (amp;gt;10 mmHg/MET) were both associated with 20% higher mortality (adjusted HRs 1.20 (1.08-1.32) and 1.20 (1.10-1.31), respectively). In subjects with high fitness, a SBP/MET-slope amp;gt; 6.2 mmHg/MET was associated with a 27% higher risk of mortality (adjusted HR 1.27 (1.12-1.45)). Conclusion In contrast to peak SBP, having a higher SBP/MET-slope was associated with increased risk of mortality. This simple, novel metric can be considered in clinical exercise testing reports.
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| 17. |
- Miller, Robert J.H., et al.
(author)
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Donor and Recipient Size Matching in Heart Transplantation With Predicted Heart and Lean Body Mass
- 2022
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In: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1043-0679 .- 1532-9488. ; 34:1, s. 158-167
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Donor and recipient size matching during heart transplant can be assessed using weight or predicted heart mass (PHM) ratios. We developed sex-specific allomteric equations for PHM and predicted lean body mass (PLBM) using the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) and evaluated their predictive value in the United Network of Organ Sharing database. Donor and recipient size matching was based on weight, PHM and PLBM ratios. PHM was calculated using the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and UKB equations. PLBM was calculated using the UKB and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey equations. Relative prognostic utility was compared using multivariable Cox analysis, adjusted for predictors of 1-year survival in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients model. Of 53,648 adult patients in the United Network of Organ Sharing database between 1996 and 2016, 6528 (12.2%) died within the first year. In multivariable analysis, undersized matches by any metric were associated with increased 1-year mortality (all P < 0.01). Oversized matches were at increased risk using PHM or PLBM (all P < 0.01), but not weight ratio. There were significant differences in classification of size matching by weight or PHM in sex-mismatched donor-recipient pairs. A significant interaction was observed between pulmonary hypertension and donor undersizing (hazard ratio 1.15, P = 0.026) suggesting increased risk of undersizing in pulmonary hypertension. Donor and recipient size matching with simplified PHM and PLBM offered an advantage over total body weight and may be more important for sex-mismatched donor-recipient pairs. Donor undersizing is associated with worse outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
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| 18. |
- Moneghetti, Kegan James, et al.
(author)
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Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Remodeling in American Style Footballers
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 41:01, s. 27-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AbstractSeveral athletic programs incorporate echocardiography during pre-participation screening of American Style Football (ASF) players with great variability in reported echocardiographic values. Pre-participation screening was performed in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I ASF players from 2008 to 2016 at the Division of Sports Cardiology. The echocardiographic protocol focused on left ventricular (LV) mass, mass-to-volume ratio, sphericity, ejection fraction, and longitudinal Lagrangian strain. LV mass was calculated using the area-length method in end-diastole and end-systole. A total of two hundred and thirty players were included (18±1 years, 57% were Caucasian, body mass index 29±4 kg/m2) after four players (2%) were excluded for pathological findings. Although there was no difference in indexed LV mass by race (Caucasian 78±11 vs. African American 81±10 g/m2, p=0.089) or sphericity (Caucasian 1.81±0.13 vs. African American 1.78±0.14, p=0.130), the mass-to-volume ratio was higher in African Americans (0.91±0.09 vs. 0.83±0.08, p<0.001). No race-specific differences were noted in LV longitudinal Lagrangian strain. Player position appeared to have a limited role in defining LV remodeling. In conclusion, significant echocardiographic differences were observed in mass-to-volume ratio between African American and Caucasian players. These demographics should be considered as part of pre-participation screening.
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| 19. |
- Nikesjö, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Defining post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) by an epigenetic biosignature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- 2022
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) has been defined as symptoms persisting after clearance of a COVID-19 infection. We have previously demonstrated that alterations in DNA methylation (DNAm) status persists in individuals who recovered from a COVID-19 infection, but it is currently unknown if PACS is associated with epigenetic changes. We compared DNAm patterns in patients with PACS with those in controls and in healthy COVID-19 convalescents and found a unique DNAm signature in PACS patients. This signature unravelled modified pathways that regulate angiotensin II and muscarinic receptor signalling and protein-protein interaction networks that have bearings on vesicle formation and mitochondrial function.
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| 20. |
- Sunnerud, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Låg följsamhet till rekommenderad hjärtscreening av elitidrottare - Lägesanalys i Östergötland
- 2018
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 115, s. 185-187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low adherence to recommended pre-participation cardiac evaluation of Swedish athletes Pre-participation cardiac evaluation of athletes is recommended by international organizations like the European Society of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, as well as by the Swedish Sports Confederation. The purpose of the evaluation is to prevent sudden cardiac death in athletes by early identification of individuals at risk. To our knowledge, no previous study has been made regarding the implementation of pre-participation cardiac evaluation of athletes in Sweden. We performed an electronical survey addressing sports clubs in one out of 21 districts in which the Swedish Sports Confederation is geographically divided. Only four out of 22 responding clubs with elite athletes preformed cardiac evaluation. Lack of knowledge about the recommendations as well as how to perform the evaluation were mentioned as reasons not to evaluate the athletes. Our results indicate the need for more information about pre-participation cardiac evaluation of athletes in Sweden.
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