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- Björklund, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Exploiting jasmonate-induced responses for field protection of conifer seedlings against a major forest pest, Hylobius abietis
- 2014
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 313, s. 212-223
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herbivore damage commonly initiates an increased synthesis of chemical defensive compounds in attacked plants. Such induced defences are a vital part of plant defence systems, but when herbivore pressure is high, as frequently occurs in man-made ecosystems such as agricultural and forest plantations, plants may suffer considerable damage before adequate induced defences build up. To prepare the plants for such conditions their induced defence may be artificially triggered by the exogenous application of different phytohormones involved in damage signalling. This method is already employed in agriculture but within forestry systems it has so far been restricted to promising laboratory results. The pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, causes damage by feeding on the bark of young conifer plants and it is one of the main threats to successful regeneration in the Palaearctic region. Here we present results from a large scale field experiment where we triggered the induced defences of conifer seedlings using exogenous application of the chemical elicitor methyl jasmonate. To enhance the generality of the results different species were planted under extremely different environmental conditions; Maritime pine and Monterrey pine in Spain, and Scots pine and Norway spruce in Sweden. Weevil damage, chemical defences, and seedling growth were studied during the two growing periods following planting. In general, treated plants showed increased quantitative defences, and were less attacked, less wounded, less girdled and showed lower mortality rates than their untreated counterparts. Effects were mostly dose dependent, although some interactive effects with tree species were observed. The treatment initially caused a growth reduction but it was later compensated by the benefit, in terms of growth, of being less damaged. The measures that are currently taken to protect forest plantations against this harmful pest all around Europe have enormous economic costs and cause important environmental hazards. Elicitation of inducible defences in seedlings in the nursery appears to be an attractive alternative to these measures. To our knowledge, this is the first field study that explores the applicability of chemical elicitors of induced defences as a way to protect forest plantations against biotic threats. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Björklund, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Snytbaggen : åtgärder för lyckade planteringar
- 2014
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Barrträdsplantor som planterats efter avverkning blir ofta dödade av snytbaggens gnag. Men genom olika åtgärder kan skadorna minskas till en acceptabel nivå. Vilka metoder du bör välja beror bland annat på var i landet hygget ligger. Denna broschyr syftar till att förklara vilken effekt på plantskadorna olika åtgärder ger och hur de kan kombineras i olika delar av Sverige.
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| 5. |
- Danielsson, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Mini-seedlings of Picea abies are less attacked by Hylobius abietis than conventional ones : Is plant chemistry the explanation?
- 2008
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 23:4, s. 299-306
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.), is a major pest in conifer reforestation areas in the Palaearctic region. Size and chemistry of the seedlings may explain the damage rates in plantations. The performance of 10-week containerized seedlings (mini-seedlings) was compared with 1-year-old conventional seedlings of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.), in a field experiment in central Sweden. After 2 years the weevil damage was lower for the mini-seedlings than for the conventional seedlings (3.5 vs 55%). After 3 years, the overall survival was 82 and 75%, respectively. Weevil damage was the main cause of mortality for conventional seedlings, whereas mini-seedlings mainly died from drought. Volatiles of the two seedling types were compared by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Unwounded mini-seedlings and conventional seedlings differed in their compositions of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Miniseedlings mainly emitted limonene, known to be repellent to the pine weevil. When wounded, green leaf volatiles were released by mini-seedlings while the pine weevil attractant alpha-pinene was released by conventional seedlings. Volatiles may partly explain the mini-seedlings' resistance against weevil attack. Further studies are needed to clarify how long this miniseedling effect remains.
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- Hellqvist, Claes, et al.
(author)
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Ökade plantskador av bastborrar
- 2014
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In: Skogseko. - 0346-0495. ; 29, s. 40-41
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 36. |
- Kindblom, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(author)
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BMI Changes during Childhood and Adolescence as Predictors of Amount Adult Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Men - the GOOD Study.
- 2009
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 58:4, s. 867-874
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. The amount of visceral adipose tissue is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome. It is unclear how body mass index (BMI) changes during childhood and adolescence predict adult fat distribution. We hypothesized that there are critical periods during development for the prediction of adult subcutaneous and visceral fat mass by BMI changes during childhood and adolescence. Research Design and Methods. Detailed growth charts were retrieved for the men participating in the population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study (n=612). Body composition was analysed using Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry and adipose tissue areas using abdominal computed tomography at 18-20 years of age. Results. The main finding in the present study was that subjects with increases in BMI Z-score of >1 SD during adolescence had, independent of prepubertal BMI, both larger subcutaneous (+138%; p<0.001) and visceral adipose tissue areas (+91%; p< 0.001) than subjects with unchanged BMI Z-score. In contrast, subjects with increases in BMI Z-score of >1 SD during late childhood had larger amount adult subcutaneous adipose tissue (+83%; p< 0.001) than subjects with unchanged BMI Z-score, but unaffected amount of visceral adipose tissue. BMI changes during adolescence predict both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdomen while BMI changes during late childhood predict only the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conclusions. The amount of visceral adipose tissue in young adult men was associated with BMI changes specifically during adolescence, while the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with BMI changes during both late childhood and adolescence.
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| 37. |
- Kindblom, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Pubertal timing is an independent predictor of central adiposity in young adult males: the Gothenburg osteoporosis and obesity determinants study
- 2006
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 55:11, s. 3047-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of puberty and normal variations in pubertal timing for the development of obesity in men is unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of pubertal timing and prepubertal BMI (kg/m(2)) for young adult BMI and fat mass distribution. Detailed growth charts from birth to age 18-20 years were retrieved for the men participating in the population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants study. Age at peak height velocity (PHV) and BMI at age 10 years were estimated for 579 subjects, and PHV was used as an assessment of pubertal timing. The fat mass characterization and distribution were analyzed using dual X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral as well as abdominal computed tomography at age 18.9 +/- 0.5 years. We demonstrate that age at PHV is an independent negative predictor of young adult BMI and whole-body fat mass. Interestingly, age at PHV is an independent negative predictor of central, but not peripheral, fat mass. In contrast, BMI at 10 years of age predicts both central and peripheral subcutaneous fat mass. In conclusion, we demonstrate that early pubertal onset specifically predicts a central fat mass distribution, while a predominantly subcutaneous obese phenotype is strongly predicted by a high prepubertal BMI.
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| 38. |
- Kindblom, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Pubertal timing predicts previous fractures and BMD in young adult men: the GOOD study.
- 2006
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In: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431. ; 21:5, s. 790-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The importance of pubertal timing for adult BMD in males was studied through association of pubertal timing with young adult bone phenotype. Pubertal timing was found to predict both cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD and previous fractures in young adult men. Thus, late puberty is a risk factor for low BMD and previous fractures in young adult men. INTRODUCTION: Peak bone mass (PBM), achieved during puberty, is a determinant of the risk for osteoporosis and future fractures. The role of variations within the normal range in pubertal timing for fractures during pubertal development and for adult bone mass in men is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of pubertal timing for adult BMD and for fractures before achievement of PBM in men. The population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study is a well-characterized cohort of young adult Swedish males 18-20 years of age. Detailed growth charts from birth to 18-20 years of age were retrieved for 642 men participating in the GOOD study. Age at peak height velocity (PHV) was estimated and used as an assessment of pubertal timing. The skeletal phenotype was analyzed at young adult age using DXA and pQCT and previous fractures were assessed by questionnaires. RESULTS: Age at PHV was a negative independent predictor of both adult cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD and of total body and radius areal BMD. Moreover, age at PHV was associated with previous fractures in a logistic regression analysis. The OR for cortical osteopenia was 2.49 (95% CI, 1.91-3.24; p < 0.001) and for previous upper limb fractures was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.04-1.75; p < 0.05) per year increment in age at PHV. CONCLUSIONS: Age at PHV is a negative independent predictor of BMD and a positive predictor of previous fractures in young adult men. Longitudinal studies to determine if pubertal timing also predicts BMD and fractures in elderly men are required.
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| 39. |
- Lindelöw, Åke, et al.
(author)
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Svart granbastborre
- 2017
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In: Skogsskötselserien. ; , s. 65-68
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Svart granbastborre har en liknande biologi som snytbaggen och arterna förekommer ofta tillsammans. Planterade granplantor skadas genom de fullbildade bastborrarnas gnag i barken på rötter och nedersta delen av stammen. Märkligt nog har i Sverige inga mer omfattande plantskador förorsakade av den lika allmänna svarta tallbastborren noterats i tallplanteringar.
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- Lindström, Anders, 1949-, et al.
(author)
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Etablering, tillväxt och skador för plantor odlade i såddrör (Tubesprout™) - resultat efter två säsonger i fält
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Försöket visade på mycket god överlevnad för plantor odlade i såddrören, Tubesprout™. Efter två år var överlevnaden för dessa 91 % för tall och 79 % för gran. För miniplantorna odlade i Jiffy varierade överlevnaden efter två år mellan 84 (tall) och 64 % (gran). Lägst överlevnad efter både det första och andra året hade de större referensplantorna. Av dessa levde 67 % av tallplantorna och endast 45 % av granplantorna. Bidragande till den goda överlevelsen hos Tubesprout™-odlade plantor var få snytbaggeskador och nästan inga skador av torka. Det andra miniplantsystemet, Jiffy 18, klarade snytbaggen nästan lika bra som Tubesprout™, men drabbades istället av stora avgångar beroende på torka. Hylsan tycks förhindra uttorkning av plantan som annars är ett stort problem vid plantering på torra marker av små plantor. För de äldre täckrotsodlade referensplantorna var den mesta plantdöden orsakad av kraftiga snytbaggeskador. Granen var värst drabbad med drygt 50 % snytbaggedödade plantor efter två år, medan den plantavgång hos tall som var orsakad av snytbagge var 26 %. Några plantor som stod i Tubesprout™ på försöksytan blev dock uppryckta, sannolikt av kråkfåglar.
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| 45. |
- Lindström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Mini seedlings : a new forest regeneration system
- 2005
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In: The Thin Green Line: A Symposium on the State of the Art in Reforestation. - Thunder Bay, Ontario.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Swedish forest tree nurseries produce approximately 300–350 million seedlings annually for outplanting. Most seedlings (80%) are containerised i.e. they are produced in small containers or pots that are filled with a growing media.
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| 46. |
- Lindström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Miniplantor
- 2005
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In: ELMIAS Skogsmässa. - Jönköping.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 47. |
- Lindström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Miniplantor kan bli något stort
- 2003
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In: PLANTaktuellt. - 1403-3321. ; :1, s. 1-3
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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