| 1. |
- Adam, A, et al.
(author)
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Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016.
- 2017
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In: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 14:Suppl 1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Lalkovski, S., et al.
(author)
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Core-coupled states and split proton-neutron quasiparticle multiplets in Ag122-126
- 2013
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 87:3, s. 034308-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutron-rich silver isotopes were populated in the fragmentation of a Xe-136 beam and the relativistic fission of U-238. The fragments were mass analyzed with the GSI Fragment Separator and subsequently implanted into a passive stopper. Isomeric transitions were detected by 105 high-purity germanium detectors. Eight isomeric states were observed in Ag122-126 nuclei. The level schemes of Ag-122,Ag-123,Ag-125 were revised and extended with isomeric transitions being observed for the first time. The excited states in the odd-mass silver isotopes are interpreted as core-coupled states. The isomeric states in the even-mass silver isotopes are discussed in the framework of the proton-neutron split multiplets. The results of shell-model calculations, performed for the most neutron-rich silver nuclei are compared to the experimental data.
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| 3. |
- Mach, H., et al.
(author)
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Application of ultra-fast timing techniques to the study of exotic and weakly produced nuclei
- 2005
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In: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 31:10, s. S1421-S1426
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ultra-fast time-delayed techniques have been recently applied in a number of studies where exotic nuclei were identified using advanced selection techniques. These include large Compton-suppressed Ge arrays, in-flight separators or recoil separators. Some of the new results are discussed in this presentation. Besides the results for Mg-32 and Pd-96, they include the first determination of the half-life of the 8(+) state in Ge-80, T-1/2 = 2.95(6) ns, and significantly more precise results for Mn-51 (3680 keV level) and V-48 (421 keV level), T-1/2 = 1760(40) ps and T-1/2.
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| 4. |
- Doornenbal, P., et al.
(author)
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RISING: Gamma‐ray Spectroscopy with Radioactive Beams at GSI
- 2007
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In: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 0094-243X. - 9780735413283 ; 891, s. 99-107
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Rare Isotope Spectroscopic INvestigation at GSI (RISING) project is a major pan‐European collaboration. Its physics aims are the studies of exotic nuclear matter with abnormal proton‐to‐neutron ratios compared with naturally occurring isotopes. RISING combines the FRagment Separator (FRS) which allows relativistic energies and projectile fragmentation reactions with EUROBALL Ge Cluster detectors for γ spectroscopic research. The RISING setup can be used in two different configurations. Either the nuclei of interest are investigated after being stopped or the heavy ions hit a secondary target at relativistic energies and the thereby occurring excitations are studied. For the latter case, MINIBALL Ge detectors and the HECTOR array are used in addition. Example achievements of the Fast Beam setup are presented and compared to various shell model calculations, while for the Stopped Beam setup initial results are shown.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Naqvi, F., et al.
(author)
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Isomer spectroscopy of (127)Cd
- 2010
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 82:3, s. 034323-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The spin and configurational structure of excited states of (127)Cd, the two-proton and three-neutron hole neighbor of (132)Sn, has been studied. An isomeric state with a half-life of 17.5(3) mu s was populated in the fragmentation of a (136)Xe beam on a (9)Be target at a beam energy of 750 MeV/u. Time distributions of the delayed gamma transitions and gamma gamma coincidence relations were exploited to construct a decay scheme. The observed yrast (19/2)(+) isomer is proposed to have dominant configurations of nu(h(11/2)(-3))pi(g(9/2)(-1), p(1/2)(-1)), nu(h(11/2)(-2)d(3/2)(-1))pi(g(9/2)(-2)), and nu(h(11/2)(-2), s(1/2)(-1))pi(g(9/2)(-2)) and to decay by two competing stretched M2 and E3 transitions. Experimental results are compared with the isotone (129)Sn. The new information provides input for the proton-neutron interaction and the evolution of neutron hole energies in nuclei around the doubly magic (132)Sn core.
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| 7. |
- Caceres, L., et al.
(author)
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Spherical proton-neutron structure of isomeric states in Cd-128
- 2009
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 79:1, s. 011301-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gamma-ray decay of isomeric states in the even-even nucleus Cd-128 has been observed. The nucleus of interest was produced both by the fragmentation of Xe-136 and the fission of U-238 primary beams. The level scheme was unambiguously constructed based on.. coincidence relations in conjunction with detailed lifetime analysis employed for the first time on this nucleus. Large-scale shell-model calculations, without consideration of excitations across the N = 82 shell closure, were performed and provide a consistent description of the experimental level scheme. The structure of the isomeric states and their decays exhibit coexistence of proton, neutron, and strongly mixed configurations due to p. interaction in overlapping orbitals for both proton and neutron holes.
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| 8. |
- Hoischen, Robert, et al.
(author)
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Isomeric Mirror States as Probes for Effective Charges in the Lower pf Shell
- 2011
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In: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 38:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the fragmentation of a 550 MeV u(-1)primary beam of Ni-58, time-and energy-correlated gamma decays from isomeric states in neutron-deficient nuclei in the 1f(7/2) shell have been identified using the GSI fragment separator in combination with the RISING Ge-detector array. The results on isomers in the mirror pairs Ti-43(22)21-Sc-43(21)22 (I-pi = 3/2(+) and 19/2(-)), Cr-45(24)21-Sc-45(21)24 (I-pi = 3/2(+)) and V-45(23)22-Ti-45(22)23 (I-pi = 3/2(-)) are discussed in the framework of large scale pf and sdpf shell-model calculations, the former in conjunction with isospin symmetry breaking effects with emphasis on effective charges.
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| 9. |
- Høyerup, P., et al.
(author)
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Glucagon-like peptide-2 stimulates mucosal microcirculation measured by laser Doppler flowmetry in end-jejunostomy short bowel syndrome patients
- 2013
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In: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-0115 .- 1873-1686. ; 180:1, s. 12-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In animal and human studies glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) has been shown to increase blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery and the portal vein. This study describes the effect of GLP-2 measured directly on the intestinal mucosal blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in end-jejunostomy short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients. Methods: In five SBS patients with end-jejunostomy a specially designed laser Doppler probe was inserted into the stoma nipple, and blood flow measured directly on the jejunal mucosa for 105. min in relation to no treatment, systemic saline infusion, topical adrenaline application and a subcutaneous injection of 800μg native GLP-2. Results: The GLP-2 injection increased jejunal mucosal blood flow by 79 ± 37% compared to conditions, where no treatment was given (p < 0.001). The significant effect was present at least 105. min. Systemic saline infusion and topical, mucosal adrenaline application did not affect mucosal microcirculation. Conclusions: GLP-2 raises jejunal microcirculation in SBS patients with end-jejunostomy. This may explain the redness and increase in the end-jejunostomy nipple size imminently after commencing GLP-2 injections. The potential beneficial effects of this GLP-2-mediated increase of blood flow in the mesenteric bed should be investigated in clinical conditions other than the short bowel syndrome.
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| 10. |
- Pietri, S., et al.
(author)
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First observation of the decay of a 15(-) seniority v=4 isomer in Sn-128
- 2011
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 83:4, s. 044328-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Isomeric states in the semimagic Sn128-130 isotopes were populated in the fragmentation of a Xe-136 beam on a Be-9 target at an energy of 750 A.MeV. The decay of an isomeric state in Sn-128 at an excitation energy of 4098 keV has been observed. Its half live has been determined to be T-1/2 = 220(30) ns from the time distributions of the delayed gamma rays emitted in its decay. gamma gamma coincidence relations were analyzed in order to establish the decay pattern of the newly established state toward the known (7(-)) and (10(+)) isomers at excitation energies of 2092 and 2492 keV, respectively. Based on a comparison with results of state-of-the-art shell-model calculations the new isomeric state is proposed to have the nu h(11/2)(-3)d(3/2)(-1) configuration with the four neutron holes in Sn-132 maximally aligned to a total spin of I-pi = 15(-).
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| 11. |
- Podolyak, Zs., et al.
(author)
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Isomeric Decay Studies Around 204Pt and 148Tb
- 2007
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In: The European Physical Journal. Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 150, s. 165-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Relativistic energy projectile fragmentation of Pb-208 has been used to produce a range of exotic nuclei. The nuclei of interest were studied by detecting delayed gamma rays following the decay of isomeric states. Experimental information on the excited states of the neutron-rich N = 126 nucleus, Pt-204, following internal decay of two isomeric states, was obtained for the first time. In addition, decays from the previously reported isomeric I=27h and I=(49/2)h states in Tb-148 and Gd-147, respectively, have been observed. These isomeric decays represent the highest spin discrete states observed to date following a projectile fragmentation reaction, and opens further the possibility of doing 'high-spin physics' using this technique.
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| 12. |
- Regan, P. H., et al.
(author)
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First Results from the Stopped RISING Campaign at GSI: The Mapping of Isomeric Decays in Highly Exotic Nuclei
- 2007
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In: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 0094-243X. - 9780735413283 ; 899, s. 19-22
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The first results from the Stopped Beam RISING experimental campaign performed at the GSI laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany, are presented. RISING (Rare ISotope INvestigations at GSI) constitutes a major new experimental program in European nuclear structure physics research aimed at using relativistic‐energy, projectile‐fragmentation reactions to study nuclei with exotic proton‐to‐neutron ratios. This paper introduces the physics aims of the Stopped RISING collaboration and presents some technical details and initial results from experiments using the RISING array to study decays from metastable nuclear states in both proton and neutron‐rich nuclei.
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| 13. |
- Rudolph, Dirk, et al.
(author)
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Exciting Isomers from the First Stopped-beam RISING Campaign
- 2007
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In: The European Physical Journal. Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 150, s. 173-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- First results are reported from a major new initiative of experiments, which focus on nuclear structure studies at extreme isospin values by means of isomer spectroscopy. The experiments represent the first part of the so-called stopped-beam campaign within the Rare ISotope INvestigations at GSI (RISING) project. Time-correlated gamma decays from individually identified nuclear species have been measured, allowing the clean identification of isomeric decays in a wide range of exotic nuclei both at the proton drip-line and in heavy, neutron-rich systems. An overview of the experimental technique will be given, together with the performance of the new germanium detector array and future research plans for the collaboration.
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| 14. |
- Skeie, G., et al.
(author)
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Use of dietary supplements in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition calibration study
- 2009
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 63:4s, s. 226-238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Dietary supplement use is increasing, but there are few comparable data on supplement intakes and how they affect the nutrition and health of European consumers. The aim of this study was to describe the use of dietary supplements in subsamples of the 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: Specific questions on dietary supplement use were asked as a part of single 24-h recalls performed on 36 034 men and women aged 35-74 years from 1995 to 2000. Results: Between countries, the mean percentage of dietary supplement use varied almost 10-fold among women and even more among men. There was a clear north-south gradient in use, with a higher consumption in northern countries. The lowest crude mean percentage of use was found in Greece (2.0% among men, 6.7% among women), and the highest was in Denmark (51.0% among men, 65.8% among women). Use was higher in women than in men. Vitamins, minerals or combinations of them were the predominant types of supplements reported, but there were striking differences between countries. Conclusions: This study indicates that there are wide variations in supplement use in Europe, which may affect individual and population nutrient intakes. The results underline the need to monitor consumption of dietary supplements in Europe, as well as to evaluate the risks and benefits. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, S226-S238; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.83
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| 15. |
- Becker, F, et al.
(author)
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Status of the RISING Project at GSI
- 2005
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In: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 25:Suppl 1, s. 719-722
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The FRS-RISING set-up at GSI uses secondary radioactive beams at relativistic energies for nuclear structure studies. At GSI the fragmentation or fission of stable primary beams up to U-238 provide secondary beams with sufficient intensity to perform gamma-ray spectroscopy. The RISING set-up is described and results of the first RISING campaign are presented. New experimental methods at relativistic energies are being investigated. Future experiments focus on state-of-the art nuclear structure physics covering exotic nuclei all over the nuclear chart.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Gong, Y., et al.
(author)
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Cytochrome P450 Oxidase 2C Inhibition Adds to-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Protection Against Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization
- 2016
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In: Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 36:9, s. 1919-1927
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Pathological ocular neovascularization is a major cause of blindness. Increased dietary intake of -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) reduces retinal neovascularization and choroidal neovascularization (CNV), but -3 LCPUFA metabolites of a major metabolizing pathway, cytochrome P450 oxidase (CYP) 2C, promote ocular pathological angiogenesis. We hypothesized that inhibition of CYP2C activity will add to the protective effects of -3 LCPUFA on neovascular eye diseases. Approach and Results The mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced CNV were used to investigate pathological angiogenesis in the retina and choroid, respectively. The plasma levels of -3 LCPUFA metabolites of CYP2C were determined by mass spectroscopy. Aortic ring and choroidal explant sprouting assays were used to investigate the effects of CYP2C inhibition and -3 LCPUFA-derived CYP2C metabolic products on angiogenesis ex vivo. We found that inhibition of CYP2C activity by montelukast added to the protective effects of -3 LCPUFA on retinal neovascularization and CNV by 30% and 20%, respectively. In CYP2C8-overexpressing mice fed a -3 LCPUFA diet, montelukast suppressed retinal neovascularization and CNV by 36% and 39% and reduced the plasma levels of CYP2C8 products. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition, which blocks breakdown and inactivation of CYP2C -3 LCPUFA-derived active metabolites, increased oxygen-induced retinopathy and CNV in vivo. Exposure to selected -3 LCPUFA metabolites of CYP2C significantly reversed the suppression of both angiogenesis ex vivo and endothelial cell functions in vitro by the CYP2C inhibitor montelukast. Conclusions Inhibition of CYP2C activity adds to the protective effects of -3 LCPUFA on pathological retinal neovascularization and CNV.
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| 18. |
- Gorska, M., et al.
(author)
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Evolution of the N=82 Shell Gap below 132Sn Inferred from Core Excited States in 131In
- 2009
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 672:4-5, s. 313-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gamma-ray decay of ail excited state in In-131, the one proton hole neighbor of the doubly magic (132)sn has been measured. A high-spin, core-excited isomer with T-1/2 = 630(60) us was identified following production by both relativistic fragmentation of a Xe-136 beam and fission Of a U-238 beam. This state deexcites by a single gamma-ray branch of 3782(2) keV from which direct evidence for the size of the N = 82 shell gal) is inferred. The results are discussed in comparison to a shell-model Calculation including configurations across the closed shells at N = 82 and Z = 50. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Halkjaer, J., et al.
(author)
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Intake of total, animal and plant proteins, and their food sources in 10 countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2009
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 63:4s, s. 16-36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To describe dietary protein intakes and their food sources among 27 redefined centres in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 persons, aged between 35 and 74 years, were administered a standardized 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR) using a computerized interview software programme (EPIC-SOFT). Intakes (g/day) of total, animal and plant proteins were estimated using the standardized EPIC Nutrient Database (ENDB). Mean intakes were adjusted for age, and weighted by season and day of recall. Results: Mean total and animal protein intakes were highest in the Spanish centres among men, and in the Spanish and French centres among women; the lowest mean intakes were observed in the UK health-conscious group, in Greek men and women, and in women in Potsdam. Intake of plant protein was highest among the UK health-conscious group, followed by some of the Italian centres and Murcia, whereas Sweden and Potsdam had the lowest intake. Cereals contributed to the highest proportion of plant protein in all centres. The combined intake of legumes, vegetables and fruit contributed to a greater proportion of plant protein in the southern than in the northern centres. Total meat intake (with some heterogeneity across subtypes of meat) was, with few exceptions, the most important contributor to animal protein in all centres, followed by dairy and fish products. Conclusions: This study shows that intake of protein, especially of animal origin, differs across the 10 European countries, and also shows some differences in food sources of protein across Europe. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, S16-S36; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.73
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| 20. |
- Keller, J., et al.
(author)
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Advances in the diagnosis and classification of gastric and intestinal motility disorders
- 2018
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In: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 15:5, s. 291-308
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Disturbances of gastric, intestinal and colonic motor and sensory functions affect a large proportion of the population worldwide, impair quality of life and cause considerable health-care costs. Assessment of gastrointestinal motility in these patients can serve to establish diagnosis and to guide therapy. Major advances in diagnostic techniques during the past 5-10 years have led to this update about indications for and selection and performance of currently available tests. As symptoms have poor concordance with gastrointestinal motor dysfunction, clinical motility testing is indicated in patients in whom there is no evidence of causative mucosal or structural diseases such as inflammatory or malignant disease. Transit tests using radiopaque markers, scintigraphy, breath tests and wireless motility capsules are noninvasive. Other tests of gastrointestinal contractility or sensation usually require intubation, typically represent second-line investigations limited to patients with severe symptoms and are performed at only specialized centres. This Consensus Statement details recommended tests as well as useful clinical alternatives for investigation of gastric, small bowel and colonic motility. The article provides recommendations on how to classify gastrointestinal motor disorders on the basis of test results and describes how test results guide treatment decisions.
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| 21. |
- Ohlsson, R, et al.
(author)
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PDGFB regulates the development of the labyrinthine layer of the mouse fetal placenta.
- 1999
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In: Dev Biol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-1606. ; 212:1, s. 124-36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PDGFB is a growth factor which is vital for the completion of normal prenatal development. In this study, we report the phenotypic analysis of placentas from mouse conceptuses that lack a functional PDGFB or PDGFRbeta gene. Placentas of both types of mutant exhibit changes in the labyrinthine layer, including dilated embryonic blood vessels and reduced numbers of both pericytes and trophoblasts. These changes are seen from embryonic day (E) 13.5, which coincides with the upregulation of PDGFB mRNA levels in normal placentas. By E17, modifications in shape, size, and number of the fetal blood vessels in the mutant placentas cause an abnormal ratio of the surface areas between the fetal and the maternal blood vessels in the labyrinthine layer. Our data suggest that PDGFB acts locally to contribute to the development of the labyrinthine layer of the fetal placenta and the formation of a proper nutrient-waste exchange system during fetal development. We point out that the roles of PDGFB/Rbeta signaling in the placenta may be analogous to those in the developing kidney, by controlling pericytes in the labyrinthine layer and mesangial cells in the kidney.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Rudolph, Dirk, et al.
(author)
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Evidence for an Isomeric 3/2- State in 53Co
- 2008
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In: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 36:2, s. 131-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fragmentation of a 550MeV/u primary beam of Ni-58 on a Be-9 target has been used to measure time-and energy-correlated gamma decays following the implantation of event-by-event discriminated secondary fragments into a Be-9 stopper plate. A new isomeric gamma decay with T-1/2 = 14(6 4) ns and E-gamma = 646.2(2) keV is observed and attributed to the decay of the yrast 3/2-state in Co-53(27)26. This short-lived isomeric state has been populated by means of nuclear reactions during the stopping process of the secondary fragments. The experimental findings are discussed in the framework of large-scale spherical shell model calculations in conjunction with isospin symmetry-breaking residual interactions for the A = 53, Tz = +/- 1/2 mirror nuclei Co-53 and Fe-53.
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| 24. |
- Rudolph, Dirk, et al.
(author)
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Isospin Symmetry and Proton Decay: Identification of the 10+ Isomer in 54Ni
- 2008
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In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 78:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gamma decays from an isomeric 10+ state at 6457 keV in the nucleus 54Ni have been identified using the GSI fragment separator in conjunction with the RISING Ge-detector array. The state is interpreted as the isobaric analog of the 6527-keV 10+ isomer in 54Fe. The results are discussed in terms of isospin-dependent shell-model calculations. Clear evidence is presented for a discrete l = 5 proton decay branch into the first excited 9/2- state of the daughter 53Co. This decay is the first of its kind observed following projectile fragmentation reactions.
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| 25. |
- Schmidt, P.T., et al.
(author)
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Circulating ghrelin levels after food intake during different phases of the migrating motor complex in man.
- 2006
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In: European Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : Wiley. - 0014-2972 .- 1365-2362. ; 36:7, s. 503-509
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The timing of the migrating motor complexes (MMC) at food intake may influence gastric emptying and release of regulatory hormones. This report studies the relationships between phases I (motor quiescence) and II (intermediate frequency contractions) of MMC and prandial gut hormone response. Materials and methods Seven fasting volunteers ingested a meal during phase I or II of MMC verified by manometry, using paracetamol as a marker for gastric emptying. Blood was sampled before, during and 210 min after food intake for analysis of ghrelin, motilin, insulin and paracetamol. Results The basal level of ghrelin during phase I was 127·5 ± 25·4 pmol L-1 and during phase II was 132·4 ± 24·8 pmol L-1. After food intake during phase I, ghrelin fell to 77·2 ± 10 pmol L-1; in phase II it fell to 82·7 ± 17·8 pmol L-1 within 60 min and returned to baseline levels after 120 min. Baseline levels of motilin were 16 ± 2 pmol L-1 and 18 ± 3 pmol L-1 during phases I and II, respectively. After food, motilin decreased to 8·5 ± 0·7 pmol L-1 and 8·7 ± 1·0 pmol L-1 within 60 min and returned to baseline after 90 min. Insulin levels in phases I and II were 8·1 ± 1·2 mU L-1 and 8·6 ± 0·7 mU L-1, respectively, reaching 138·9 ± 35·6 mU L-1 and 167·4 ± 30·0 mU L-1 at 45 min postprandially. Conclusions The nutritional status of the gastrointestinal tract at food intake had only a limited impact on plasma ghrelin. After food intake, plasma ghrelin drops, similar to motilin, and resumes preprandial levels within 120 min.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Boström, Hans, et al.
(author)
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PDGF-A signaling is a critical event in lung alveolar myofibroblast development and alveogenesis.
- 1996
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In: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674. ; 85:6, s. 863-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A mouse platelet-derived growth factor A chain (PDGF-A) null allele is shown to be homozygous lethal, with two distinct restriction points, one prenatally before E10 and one postnatally. Postnatally surviving PDGF-A-deficient mice develop lung emphysema secondary to the failure of alveolar septation. This is apparently caused by the loss of alveolar myofibroblasts and associated elastin fiber deposits. PDGF alpha receptor-positive cells in the lung having the location of putative alveolar myofibroblast progenitors were specifically absent in PDGF-A null mutants. We conclude that PDGF-A is crucial for alveolar myofibroblast ontogeny. We have previously shown that PDGF-B is required in the ontogeny of kidney mesangial cells. The PDGFs therefore appear to regulate the generation of specific populations of myofibroblasts during mammalian development. The two PDGF null phenotypes also reveal analogous morphogenetic functions for myofibroblast-type cells in lung and kidney organogenesis.
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| 29. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(author)
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Fasted and fed state human duodenal fluids : Characterization, drug solubility, and comparison to simulated fluids and with human bioavailability
- 2021
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In: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier. - 0939-6411 .- 1873-3441. ; 163, s. 240-251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accurate in vivo predictions of intestinal absorption of low solubility drugs require knowing their solubility in physiologically relevant dissolution media. Aspirated human intestinal fluids (HIF) are the gold standard, followed by simulated intestinal HIF in the fasted and fed state (FaSSIF/FeSSIF). However, current HIF characterization data vary, and there is also some controversy regarding the accuracy of FaSSIF and FeSSIF for predicting drug solubility in HIF. This study aimed at characterizing fasted and fed state duodenal HIF from 16 human volunteers with respect to pH, buffer capacity, osmolarity, surface tension, as well as protein, phospholipid, and bile salt content. The fasted and fed state HIF samples were further used to investigate the equilibrium solubility of 17 representative low-solubility small-molecule drugs, six of which were confidential industry compounds and 11 were known and characterized regarding chemical diversity. These solubility values were then compared to reported solubility values in fasted and fed state HIF, FaSSIF and FeSSIF, as well as with their human bioavailability for both states. The HIF compositions corresponded well to previously reported values and current FaSSIF and FeSSIF compositions. The drug solubility values in HIF (both fasted and fed states) were also well in line with reported solubility data for HIF, as well as simulated FaSSIF and FeSSIF. This indicates that the in vivo conditions in the proximal small intestine are well represented by simulated intestinal fluids in both composition and drug equilibrium solubility. However, increased drug solubility in the fed vs. fasted states in HIF did not correlate with the human bioavailability changes of the same drugs following oral administration in either state.
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| 30. |
- Edholm, T., et al.
(author)
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Differential incretin effects of GIP and GLP-1 on gastric emptying, appetite, and insulin-glucose homeostasis
- 2010
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In: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 22:11, s. 1191-e315
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are major incretins with important effects on glucoregulatory functions. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of GIP and GLP-1 on gastric emptying and appetite after a mixed meal, and effects on insulin secretion and glucose disposal in humans. Methods Randomized crossover single-blind study in 17 healthy volunteers receiving GIP (2 or 5 pmol kg−1 min−1, n = 8), GLP-1 (0.75 pmol kg−1 min−1, n = 9) or NaCl for 180 min with a radionuclide-labeled omelette and fruit punch (370 kcal). Outcome measures were gastric emptying rate, insulinogenic index, hunger, satiety, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption. Blood was analyzed for GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, C-peptide, peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin. Key Results Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide 2 and 5 pmol kg−1 min−1 decreased gastric half-emptying time from 128.5 ± 34.0 min in controls to 93.3 ± 6.3 and 85.2 ± 11.0 min (P < 0.05). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide 5 pmol kg−1 min−1 decreased postprandial glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.05) with increased insulinogenic index. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide had no effects on hunger, desire to eat, satiety or prospective consumption. Glucagon-like peptide-1 0.75 pmol kg−1 min−1 increased half-emptying time from 76.6 ± 7.6 min to 329.4 ± 71.6 (P < 0.01). Glucagon-like peptide-1 decreased plasma glucose and insulin (both P < 0.05–0.001), and increased insulinogenic index markedly. Hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption were decreased (P < 0.05), and satiety borderline increased (P < 0.06). Conclusion & Inferences The incretin effect of GIP and GLP-1 differs as GLP-1 exerts a strong glucoregulatory incretin through inhibition of gastric emptying, which GIP does not. Thus, GLP-1 as incretin mimetic may offer unique benefits in terms of weight loss in treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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| 31. |
- Fu, Z. J., et al.
(author)
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Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease retinal neovascularization by adipose-endoplasmic reticulum stress reduction to increase adiponectin
- 2015
-
In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 101:4, s. 879-888
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vision-threatening disease in premature infants. Serum adiponectin (APN) concentrations positively correlate with postnatal growth and gestational age, important risk factors for ROP development. Dietary omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFAs) suppress ROP and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in a mouse model of human ROP, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Objective: We examined the role of APN in ROP development and whether circulating APN concentrations are increased by dietary omega-3 LCPUFAs to mediate the protective effect in ROP. Design: Serum APN concentrations were correlated with ROP development and serum omega-3 LCPUFA concentrations in preterm infants. Mouse OIR was then used to determine whether omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation increases serum APN concentrations, which then suppress retinopathy. Results: We found that in preterm infants, low serum APN concentrations positively correlate with ROP, and serum APN concentrations positively correlate with serum omega-3 LCPUFA concentrations. In mouse OIR, serum total APN and bioactive high-molecular-weight APN concentrations are increased by omega-3 LCPUFA feed. White adipose tissue, where APN is produced and assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum, is the major source of serum APN. In mouse OIR, adipose endoplasmic reticulum stress is increased, and APN production is suppressed. omega-3 LCPUFA feed in mice increases APN production by reducing adipose endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Dietary omega-3 LCPUFA suppression of neovascularization is reduced from 70% to 10% with APN deficiency. APN receptors localize in the retina, particularly to pathologic neovessels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increasing APN by omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation in total parental nutrition for preterm infants may suppress ROP.
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| 32. |
- Gaengel, K., et al.
(author)
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The Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor S1PR1 Restricts Sprouting Angiogenesis by Regulating the Interplay between VE-Cadherin and VEGFR2
- 2012
-
In: Developmental Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1534-5807 .- 1878-1551. ; 23:3, s. 587-599
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels arise from preexisting ones, is critical for embryonic development and is an integral part of many disease processes. Recent studies have provided detailed information on how angiogenic sprouts initiate, elongate, and branch, but less is known about how these processes cease. Here, we show that S1PR1, a receptor for the blood-borne bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is critical for inhibition of angiogenesis and acquisition of vascular stability. Loss of S1PR1 leads to increased endothelial cell sprouting and the formation of ectopic vessel branches. Conversely, S1PR1 signaling inhibits angiogenic sprouting and enhances cell-to-cell adhesion. This correlates with inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-induced signaling and stabilization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin localization at endothelial junctions. Our data suggest that S1PR1 signaling acts as a vascular-intrinsic stabilization mechanism, protecting developing blood vessels against aberrant angiogenic responses.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Hellström, B., et al.
(author)
-
Acoustic design artifacts and methods for urban soundscapes
- 2008
-
In: 15th International Congress on Sound and Vibration. Daejon, Korea.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The research question is: “How to develop and apply acoustic artifacts and design methodologies for improving soundscapes in urban outdoor spaces?” In the project, this research question is limited to two specific types of urban outdoor spaces – city-park and city-square – and to two types of acoustic design artifacts. These are: I. Dynamic promotion of qualitative site specific sounds (e.g., the overall site specific sonic atmosphere, sounds from activities, birds and fountains), which creates an improved soundscape. II. Sound-art installations, that creates delimited auditory sub-spaces within the park/square. The purpose and method is: 1. To provide two case-studies of artistic soundscape improvement, one in a noise polluted city-park and one in a city-square. The case-studies will serve as models for future applications of the new acoustic design artifacts. 2. To create and validate an innovative acoustic design methodology based on state-of-the-art real-time acoustic simulation tools integrated into the design process. The methodology will be validated in psychoacoustic listening experiments and field studies. 3. To determine the potential of the two acoustic design artifacts (I Dynamic promotion of qualitative site specific sounds, and II Sound-art installations) for providing pleasant and restorative soundscapes, in order to strengthening the social interaction as well as the spatial and aesthetical qualities in noise polluted city parks/squares.
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| 35. |
- Hellström, P. M., et al.
(author)
-
GLP-1 suppresses gastrointestinal motility and inhibits the migrating motor complex in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome
- 2008
-
In: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 20:6, s. 649-659
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released after food intake to act as an incretin. GLP-1 also inhibits gastric emptying and increases satiety. In rats, GLP-1 inhibits small bowel motility. Our aim was to study the effects of GLP-1 on gastrointestinal motility in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Antro-duodeno-jejunal manometry was carried out during a 4-h control period with saline, followed by a 4-h period with intravenous GLP-1 (healthy: 0.7 and 1.2 pmol kg-1 min-1 (n = 16), IBS, 1.2 and 2.5 pmol kg-1 min-1 (n = 14). Plasma was analysed for GLP-1 and gut hormones, and gut tissue expression of GLP-1 receptor was studied. In healthy subjects, GLP-1 0.7 pmol kg-1 min-1 reduced the migrating motor complexes (MMCs) from a median of 2 (range 2-3) to 0.5 (0-2), and motility index from 4.9 ± 0.1 to 4.3 ± 0.3 ln ∑(mmHg*s min-1) in jejunum, while GLP-1 1.2 pmol kg -1 min-1 diminshed MMCs from 2 (2-3) to 1.5 (1-2.5), and motility index from 5.2 ± 0.2 to 4.4 ± 0.2. In IBS patients, GLP-1 1.2 pmol kg-1 min-1 reduced the MMCs from 2.5 (2-3.5) to 1 (0-1.5) without affecting motility index. At 2.5 pmol kg-1 min -1 GLP-1 decreased MMCs from 2 (1.5-3) to 1 (0.5-1.5), and motility index from 5.2 ± 0.2 to 4.0 ± 0.5. Motility responses to GLP-1 were similar in antrum and duodenum. Presence of the GLP-1 receptor in the gut was verified by reverse transcriptase PCR. In conclusion, the gut peptide GLP-1 decreases motility in the antro-duodeno-jejunal region and inhibits the MMC in healthy subjects and IBS patients. © 2008 The Authors.
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| 36. |
- Klinge, P., et al.
(author)
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One-year outcome in the European multicentre study on iNPH
- 2012
-
In: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314. ; 126:3, s. 145-153
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives To assess the 1-year outcome after shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Methods Patients (n = 142) were prospectively included in the European multicentre study by 13 centres. Diagnoses were based solely on clinical and radiological findings. All received a programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Re-examinations, 12 months after surgery, were performed in 115 patients, and the outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRs) and a new iNPH grading scale. Improvement was defined as =1 step on the mRs and =5 points on the iNPH scale. Results The scores on both scales were significantly improved after 1 year of shunt treatment (Ps < 0.001). Sixty-nine per cent of the patients were improved according to the mRs and 84% according to the iNPH scale. The proportion able to live independently (scores 02 on the mRs) was increased from 53% before to 82% 12 months after surgery (P < 0.001). Neither classification (typical or questionable) nor comorbidity affected the level of improvement. Patients not completing the study were worse off with regard to their clinical condition at entry than completers. Twenty-eight per cent of the patients experienced complications and were either conservatively (13%) or surgically (15%) treated. Conclusion The results of this prospective multicentre study on patients with iiNPH diagnosed solely on clinical and radiological criteria support shunt surgery in patients presenting with symptoms and signs and MRI findings suggestive of iNPH.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Mineva, Milena, et al.
(author)
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A New us Isomer in 136Sb Produced in the Projectile Fission of 238U
- 2001
-
In: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - 1434-6001. ; 11, s. 9-13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The neutron-rich isotope Sb-136 has been produced following the relativistic projectile fission of U-238 in an experiment performed at the Fragment Separator at GSI, Darmstadt. Delayed gamma -ray spectroscopy of the fission products has been performed after isotope separation. A new isomeric state in Sb-136 has been populated, and its lifetime measured as T-1/2 = 565(50) ns. Realistic and empirical shell-model calculations have been performed and are compared to the experimental observables.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Naska, A, et al.
(author)
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Eating out, weight and weight gain. A cross-sectional and prospective analysis in the context of the EPIC-PANACEA study.
- 2011
-
In: International Journal of Obesity. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 35:3, s. 416-426
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight gain with eating at restaurants and similar establishments or eating at work among 10 European countries of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. SUBJECTS: This study included a representative sample of 24,310 randomly selected EPIC participants. METHODS: Single 24-h dietary recalls with information on the place of consumption were collected using standardized procedures between 1995 and 2000. Eating at restaurants was defined to include all eating and drinking occasions at restaurants, cafeterias, bars and fast food outlets. Eating at work included all eating and drinking occasions at the workplace. Associations between eating at restaurants or eating at work and BMI or annual weight changes were assessed using sex-specific linear mixed-effects models, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: In southern Europe energy intake at restaurants was higher than intake at work, whereas in northern Europe eating at work appeared to contribute more to the mean daily intake than eating at restaurants. Cross-sectionally, eating at restaurants was found to be positively associated with BMI only among men (β=+0.24, P=0.003). Essentially no association was found between BMI and eating at work among both genders. In a prospective analysis among men, eating at restaurants was found to be positively, albeit nonsignificantly, associated with weight gain (β=+0.05, P=0.368). No association was detected between energy intake at restaurants and weight changes, controlling for total energy intake. CONCLUSION: Among men, eating at restaurants and similar establishments was associated with higher BMI and possibly weight gain.
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| 41. |
- Notarnicola, A., et al.
(author)
-
Autoantibodies against a subunit of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I in inclusion body myositis
- 2023
-
In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 82, s. 574-574
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Autoantibodies are found in up to 80% of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes [1]. Autoantibodies targeting cytosolic 5´-nucleotidase 1A (anti-cN1A) are currently the only known serum biomarker for the subgroup inclusion body myositis (IBM) (2), although detected even in other autoimmune diseases.Objectives To identify new autoimmune targets in IIM by antigen bead array assay.Methods In a first cross-sectional exploratory study, 357 antigens representing 268 proteins were incubated with plasma samples from 219 IIM (108 Polymyositis (PM), 80 Dermatomyositis (DM) and 31 IBM) patients, 349 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients and 306 population controls for screening of IgG reactivity by antigen bead array. All samples were identified in the local biobank of the Rheumatology clinic, Karolinska University Hospital. Interesting results obtained for the IBM subgroup were then validated in an independent larger cohort of 287 patients with IBM followed at nine European rheumatological or neurological centers. IBM serum samples were explored by antigen bead array and results validated by western blot. As controls, serum samples from 30 patients with PM and 30 with DM, HLA-matched with the IBM Swedish cohort, were included. Demographics, laboratory, clinical, and muscle biopsy data of the IBM cohort was retrieved.Results In the exploratory study IgG reactivity towards NADH dehydrogenase 1 α subcomplex 11 (NDUFA11), a subunit of the membrane-bound mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, was discovered with higher frequency in the IBM (9,7%) than PM (2,8%) and DM samples (2,5%), although the difference was not statistically significant. Anti-NDUFA11 IgG was also found in 2,3% of SLE and 2,6% of population control samples. In the validation study anti-NDUFA11 autoantibodies were detected in 11/287 IBM patients (3,8%), 0/30 PM and 0/30 DM patients. Reactivity against NDUFA11 could be confirmed by western blot (Table 1, Figure 1). The eleven anti-NDUFA11 positive patients showed a trend of lower frequency of wheelchair/walker ever use and higher creatine kinase levels at time of IBM diagnosis compared to the anti-NDUFA11 negative group. Ragged red fibers were significantly more prevalent in anti-NDUFA11 positive than negative patients (p=0.04). Anti-cN1A autoantibodies were detected in 98/287 (34,1%) of IBM, 3/30 (10%) DM and 9/29 (31%) PM patients, p=0.03. Coexistence of anti NDUFA11 and anti-cN1A antibodies was observed in 3 IBM patients.Conclusion Our results reveal a new autoimmune target in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I that might be specifically associated with IBM. This is of particular interest as mitochondrial abnormalities are known histological findings in muscle biopsies of IBM patients.References [1]Galindo-Feria AS, Wang G, Lundberg IE. Autoantibodies: Pathogenic or epiphenomenon. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2022;36(2):101767.[2]Herbert MK,et al. Disease specificity of autoantibodies to cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase 1A in sporadic inclusion body myositis versus known autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(4):696-701.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Ocke, M. C., et al.
(author)
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Energy intake and sources of energy intake in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2009
-
In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 63:4s, s. 3-15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To describe energy intake and its macronutrient and food sources among 27 regions in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Methods: Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 subjects aged 35-74 years were administered a standardized 24-h dietary recall. Intakes of macronutrients (g/day) and energy (kcal/day) were estimated using standardized national nutrient databases. Mean intakes were weighted by season and day of the week and were adjusted for age, height and weight, after stratification by gender. Extreme low- and high-energy reporters were identified using Goldberg's cutoff points (ratio of energy intake and estimated basal metabolic rate <0.88 or >2.72), and their effects on macronutrient and energy intakes were studied. Results: Low-energy reporting was more prevalent in women than in men. The exclusion of extreme-energy reporters substantially lowered the EPIC-wide range in mean energy intake from 2196-2877 to 2309-2866 kcal among men. For women, these ranges were 1659-2070 and 1873-2108 kcal. There was no north-south gradient in energy intake or in the prevalence of low-energy reporting. In most centres, cereals and cereal products were the largest contributors to energy intake. The food groups meat, dairy products and fats and oils were also important energy sources. In many centres, the highest mean energy intakes were observed on Saturdays. Conclusions: These data highlight and quantify the variations and similarities in energy intake and sources of energy intake among 10 European countries. The prevalence of low-energy reporting indicates that the study of energy intake is hampered by the problem of underreporting. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, S3-S15; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.72
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| 44. |
- Pease, Jessica E., et al.
(author)
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Comparison of triploid and diploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fine-scale movement, migration and catchability in lowland lakes of western Washington
- 2023
-
In: Movement Ecology. - 2051-3933. ; 11:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fisheries managers stock triploid (i.e., infertile, artificially produced) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in North American lakes to support sport fisheries while minimizing the risk of genetic introgression between hatchery and wild trout. In Washington State, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) allocates approximately US $3 million annually to stock hatchery-origin rainbow trout in > 600 lakes, yet only about 10% of them are triploids. Many lakes in Washington State drain into waters that support wild anadromous steelhead O. mykiss that are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. As a result, there is a strong interest in understanding the costs and benefits associated with stocking sterile, triploid rainbow trout as an alternative to traditional diploids. The objectives of this study were to compare triploid and diploid rainbow trout in terms of: (1) contribution to the sport fishery catch, (2) fine-scale movements within the study lakes, (3) rate of emigration from the lake, and (4) natural mortality. Our results demonstrated that triploid and diploid trout had similar day-night distribution patterns, but triploid trout exhibited a lower emigration rate from the lake and lower catch rates in some lakes. Overall, triploid rainbow trout represent a viable alternative to stocking of diploids, especially in lakes draining to rivers, because they are sterile, have comparable home ranges, and less often migrate.
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| 45. |
- Podolyák, Zs, et al.
(author)
-
Neutron-deficient N≈126 Nuclei Produced in 238U Fragmentation : Population of High-spin States
- 2006
-
In: Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics, and Reactions - FINUSTAR. - : AIP. - 0735403236 - 9780735403239 ; 831, s. 114-118
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The population of metastable states produced in relativistic-energy fragmentation of a 238U beam has been measured. For states with high angular momentum, I=17 and I=21.5, a higher population than expected has been observed, with the discrepancy increasing with angular momentum. By considering two sources for the angular momentum, related to single-particle and collective motions, a much improved description of the experimental results can be obtained. In addition, new results on the structure of 208Fr, 211Ra and 216Ac are reported.
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| 46. |
- Sandblad, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
A train traffic operation and planning simulator
- 2000
-
In: Computers in Railways VII. - : WITPress, Southampton. - 1853128260 ; , s. 241-248
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objective of the project presented in this paper has been to develop a newsimulator system that can contribute to improved methods for train trafficplanning and operation and to create an experimental environment for developmentof new control support systems and operator user interfaces. The newsimulator system is based on a previously developed simulation kernel,SIMON/TTS, which has been used by the Swedish National Rail Administrationfor off line planning experiments. The SIMON/TTS system has now beenredesigned into an interactive, real-time simulator where external control andpresentation systems can be connected via a communication module. Thesimulator system will be used for different purposes. Some of the most importantexperimental scenarios are to perform experiment with new user interfaces fortrain traffic control operators, to test the usefulness of decision support systemsfor train dispatchers, to evaluate alternative strategies for solving conflicts intrain traffic control and to provide a simulator environment for education andtraining of train traffic operators.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Tataranno, M. L., et al.
(author)
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Morphine affects brain activity and volumes in preterms: An observational multi-center study
- 2020
-
In: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 144
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: We hypothesized that morphine has a depressing effect on early brain activity, assessed using quantitative aEEG/EEG parameter and depressed activity will be associated with brain volumes at term in extremely preterm infants. Study design: 174 preterm infants were enrolled in 3 European tertiary NICUs (mean GA:26 +/- 1wks) and monitored during the first 72 h after birth with continuous 2 channel aEEG. Six epochs of aEEG recordings were selected and minimum amplitude of aEEG (min aEEG), percentage of time amplitude< 5 mu V (% of time < 5 mu V), spontaneous activity transients (SATrate) and interSAT interval (ISI) were calculated. For infants receiving morphine, the cumulative morphine dosage was calculated. In a subgroup of 58 infants, good quality MRI at term equivalent age (TEA) and the cumulative morphine dose until TEA were available. The effects of morphine administration and cumulative dose on aEEG/EEG measures and on brain volumes were investigated. Results: Morphine administration had a significant effect on all quantitative aEEG/EEG measures, causing depression of early brain activity [longer ISI (beta 2.900), reduced SAT rate (beta -1.386), decreased min aEEG (beta -0.782), and increased % of time < 5 mu V (beta 14.802)] in all epochs. A significant effect of GA and postnatal age on aEEG/EEG measures was observed. Cumulative morphine dose until TEA had a significant negative effect on total brain volume (TBV) (beta -8.066) and cerebellar volume (beta -1.080). Conclusions: Administration of sedative drugs should be considered when interpreting aEEG/EEG together with the negative dose dependent morphine impact on brain development.
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| 49. |
- Thomas, S. M., et al.
(author)
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On the role of Coulomb scattering in hafnium-silicate gated silicon n and p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistors
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 110:12, s. 124503-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work, the impact of the local and remote Coulomb scattering mechanisms on electron and hole mobility are investigated. The effective mobilities in quasi-planar finFETs with TiN/Hf(0.4)Si(0.6)O/SiO(2) gate stacks have been measured at 300 K and 4 K. At 300 K, electron mobility is degraded below that of bulk MOSFETs in the literature, whereas hole mobility is comparable. The 4 K electron and hole mobilities have been modeled in terms of ionized impurity, local Coulomb, remote Coulomb and local roughness scattering. An existing model for remote Coulomb scattering from a polycrystalline silicon gate has been adapted to model remote Coulomb scattering from a high-kappa/SiO(2) gate stack. Subsequently, remote charge densities of 8 x 10(12) cm(-2) at the Hf(0.4)Si(0.6)O/SiO(2) interface were extracted and shown to be the dominant Coulomb scattering mechanism for both electron and hole mobilities at 4 K. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation showed remote Coulomb scattering was responsible for the degraded 300 K electron mobility.
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| 50. |
- Tsiartas, P., et al.
(author)
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Seven days ex vivo perfusion of whole ewe ovaries with follicular maturation and oocyte retrieval: towards the development of an alternative fertility preservation method
- 2022
-
In: Reproduction Fertility and Development. - : CSIRO Publishing. - 1031-3613 .- 1448-5990. ; 34:3, s. 331-342
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fertility preservation methods for prepubertal women about to undergo gonadotoxic chemo and/or radiation therapy are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility to develop an alternative fertility preservation method based on an ex vivo perfusion platform for whole ewe ovaries. Thirteen ewe ovaries were divided into two groups (group 1 and 2) that were perfused in a bioreactor for up to 7 days. Group 1 (n = 3) were stimulated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) administered in single daily dose, while group 2 (n = 10) were stimulated continuously for 24 h. The perfused ovaries in group 1 showed no significant differences in follicular density, sub-follicular morphology and oocyte quality after ischaemia and after ex vivo perfusion compared with non-perfused control ovaries. The perfused ovaries in group 2 showed a significant decrease in the follicular reserve and oocyte quality compared with the control group. In total, 16 GV-MI oocytes were retrieved from both groups. This study describes for the first time the ex vivo maintenance of viable follicles of ewe ovaries with oocyte integrity and the retrieval of oocytes after ex vivo hormonal perfusion with two different protocols for up to 7 days.
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