| 1. |
- Damén, Tor, et al.
(author)
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Atrial natriuretic peptide does not degrade the endothelial glycocalyx: A secondary analysis of a randomized porcine model
- 2021
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In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 65:9, s. 1305-1312
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) released from the heart regulates intravascular volume and is suspected to increase capillary permeability. Contradictory results regarding ANP and glycocalyx degradation have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate if an infusion of ANP causes degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx. Methods: Twenty pigs, pretreated with 250mg methylprednisolone, were randomized to receive an infusion of either ANP (50ng/kg/min) (n=10) or 0.9% NaCl (n=10) during 60min. Endothelial glycocalyx components (heparan sulphate proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid), Hct, calculated plasma volume and colloid osmotic pressure were measured from baseline to 60min. Results: There was no difference between the control and intervention groups for heparan sulphate proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid corrected for the change in plasma volume (P=.333 and 0.197). Hct increased with 1.8±2.2% in the intervention group (P=.029) with no change −0.5±2.3% in the control group (P=.504). The plasma volume decreased in the intervention group with −8.4±10% (P=.034) with no change in the control group 3.1±12% (P=.427). Median changes in colloid osmotic pressures in the control and intervention group were −0.39 [95% CI, −1.88-0.13] and 0.9 [95% CI, 0.00-1.58], respectively (P=.012). Conclusions: In this randomized porcine study, an ANP infusion did not cause endothelial glycocalyx degradation but decreased the plasma volume most probably due to precapillary vasodilation and increased filtration. © 2021 The Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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| 2. |
- Damén, Tor, et al.
(author)
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Effects of different mean arterial pressure targets on plasma volume, ANP and glycocalyx-A randomized trial.
- 2021
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In: Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1399-6576 .- 0001-5172. ; 65:2, s. 220-227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Arterial haematocrit (Hct) has been shown to decrease after anaesthesia induction, most probably because of an increased plasma volume (PV). The primary objective was to quantify change in PV if mean arterial pressure (MAP) was kept at baseline level or allowed to decrease to 60mm Hg. Our secondary objective was to evaluate underlying mechanisms of this response.Twenty-four coronary artery bypass patients were randomized to a higher (90mm Hg, intervention group) or lower (60mm Hg, control group) MAP by titration of norepinephrine. During the experimental procedure, no fluids were administered. Baseline PV was measured by 125 I-albumin and the change in PV was calculated from the change in Hct. Changes in MAP, plasma 125 I-albumin, colloid osmotic pressure, albumin, Mid Regional-pro Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (MR-proANP) and endothelial glycocalyx components were measured from baseline to 50minutes after anaesthesia induction.The MAP during the trial was 93±9mm Hg in the intervention group and 62±5mm Hg in the control group. PV increased with up to 420±180mL in the control group and 45±130mL in the intervention group (P<.001). Albumin and colloid osmotic pressure decreased significantly more in the control group. MR-proANP increased in the control group but no shedding of the glycocalyx layer was detected in either of the groups.Allowing mean arterial pressure to fall to 60mm Hg during anaesthesia induction, increases the plasma volume due to reabsorption of interstitial water, with no ANP-induced degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx.
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| 3. |
- Duval, Florent, et al.
(author)
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The Lyman alpha reference sample VI. Lyman alpha escape from the edge-on disk galaxy Mrk 1486
- 2016
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 587
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Recent numerical simulations suggest that the strength of the Lyman alpha (Ly alpha) line of star-forming disk galaxies strongly depends on the inclination at which they are observed: from edge-on to face-on, we expect to see a change from a strongly attenuated Ly alpha line to a strong Ly alpha emission line.Aims. We aim to understand how a strong Ly alpha emission line is able to escape from the low-redshift highly inclined (edge-on) disk galaxy Mrk 1486 (z similar to 0.0338). To our knowledge, this work is the first observational study of Ly alpha transport inside an edge-on disk galaxy.Methods. Using a large set of HST imaging and spectroscopic data, we investigated the interstellar medium (ISM) structure and the dominant source of Ly alpha radiation inside Mrk 1486. Moreover, using a 3D Monte Carlo Ly alpha radiation transfer code, we studied the radiative transfer of Ly alpha and UV continuum photons inside a 3D geometry of neutral hydrogen (HI) and dust that models the ISM structure at the galaxy center. Our numerical simulations predicted the Ly alpha line profile that we then compared to the one observed in the HST/COS spectrum of Mrk 1486.Results. While a pronounced Ly alpha absorption line emerges from the disk of Mrk 1486, very extended Ly alpha structures are observed at large radii from the galaxy center: a large Ly alpha-halo and two very bright Ly alpha regions located slightly above and below the disk plane. The analysis of IFU H alpha spectroscopic data of Mrk 1486 indicates the presence of two bipolar outflowing halos of HI gas at the same location as these two bright Ly alpha regions. Comparing different diagnostic diagrams (such as [OIII](5007)/H beta versus [OI](6300)/H alpha) to photo-and shock-ionization models, we find that the Ly alpha production of Mrk 1486 is dominated by photoionization inside the galaxy disk. From this perspective, our numerical simulations succeed in reproducing the strength and shape of the observed Ly alpha emission line of Mrk 1486 by assuming a scenario in which the Ly alpha photons are produced inside the galaxy disk, travel along the outflowing halos, and scatter on cool HI materials toward the observer.Conclusions. Extended bipolar galactic winds are frequently observed from star-forming disk galaxies. Given the advantage Ly alpha photons take of such outflowing HI materials to easily escape from Mrk 1486, this mechanism may explain the origin of strong Ly alpha emission lines frequently observed from highly inclined galaxies at high-redshift. This therefore challenges the robustness of the expected viewing-angle effect on the Ly alpha properties of star-forming disk galaxies.
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| 4. |
- Granqvist, Pehr, et al.
(author)
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Disorganized attachment in infancy : a review of the phenomenon and its implications for clinicians and policy-makers
- 2017
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In: Attachment & Human Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6734 .- 1469-2988. ; 19:6, s. 534-558
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Disorganized/Disoriented (D) attachment has seen widespread interest from policy makers, practitioners, and clinicians in recent years. However, some of this interest seems to have been based on some false assumptions that (1) attachment measures can be used as definitive assessments of the individual in forensic/child protection settings and that disorganized attachment (2) reliably indicates child maltreatment, (3) is a strong predictor of pathology, and (4) represents a fixed or static trait of the child, impervious to development or help. This paper summarizes the evidence showing that these four assumptions are false and misleading. The paper reviews what is known about disorganized infant attachment and clarifies the implications of the classification for clinical and welfare practice with children. In particular, the difference between disorganized attachment and attachment disorder is examined, and a strong case is made for the value of attachment theory for supportive work with families and for the development and evaluation of evidence-based caregiving interventions.
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| 5. |
- Granqvist, Pehr, et al.
(author)
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Prior participation in the strange situation and overstress jointly facilitate disorganized behaviours : implications for theory, research and practice
- 2016
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In: Attachment & Human Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6734 .- 1469-2988. ; 18:3, s. 235-249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We seek to understand why a relatively high percentage (39%; vs the meta-analytic average, 15-18%) of disorganized/disoriented (D) classifications has accrued in the low-risk Uppsala Longitudinal Study (ULS) study, using experienced D coders. Prior research indicates that D behaviours do not always indicate attachment disorganization stemming from a history of frightening caregiving. We examined the role of two other presumed factors: participation in a previous strange situation and overstress. Our findings indicate that both factors were highly prevalent in the ULS sample and that they jointly predicted higher rates of D. First, participation in a previous strange situation was associated with significantly higher distress displays during the second visit than occurred among previously untested children, suggesting that prior participation in the strange situation had a sensitizing effect on child distress during the second visit. Second, unless separations were cut short in lieu of high distress during the second visit, re-tested children were disproportionately likely (ca 60%) to be classified D. We argue that these findings have important implications for theory, research, and practice. In particular, we conclude that practitioners must refrain from misattributing the appearance of any D behaviors observed to a history of maltreatment.
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| 6. |
- Ripa, Rasmus Sejersten, et al.
(author)
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Circulating angiogenic cytokines and stem cells in patients with severe chronic ischemic heart disease - Indicators of myocardial ischemic burden?
- 2007
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 120:2, s. 181-187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Angiogenic growth factors and stem cell therapies have demonstrated varying results in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. A reason could be that these mechanisms are already up-regulated due to reduced blood supply to the myocardium. The objective of this study was to examine if plasma concentrations of circulating stem cells and angiogenic cytokines in patients with severe stable chronic coronary artery disease were correlated to the clinical severity of the disease. Methods: Fifty-four patients with severe coronary artery disease and reversible ischemia at stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy were prospectively included. The severity of the disease was quantified by an exercise tolerance test, Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina classification, and Seattle Angina Pectoris Questionnaire. Fifteen persons without coronary artery disease served as control subjects. Results: Plasma concentration of VEGF-A, FGF-2, SDF-1, and circulating CD34+ and CD34-/CD45-cells were similar in the two groups, but early stem cell markers (CD105, CD73, CD166) and endothelial markers (CD31, CD144, VEGFR2) were significantly different between patients and control subjects (p < 0.005- 0.001). Diabetic patients had higher concentration of SDF-1 (2528 vs. 2150 pg/ml, p= 0.004). We found significant correlations between both VEGF-A, FGF-2, and CD34+ to disease severity, including degree of reversible ischemia, angina stability score, and exertional dyspnoea. Conclusions: Plasma concentrations of circulating stem cells and angiogenic cytokines have large inter-individual variations, which probably exclude them from being useful as indicators of myocardial ischemic burden.
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| 7. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2012
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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