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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Björnstjerna Hjelm, Alexandra, et al.
(author)
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En studie om studenters samarbete och grupputveckling vid interprofessionellt problembaserat lärande
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vården blir allt mer specialiserad och antalet professioner ökar. För att vården ska fungera krävs ett utvecklat interprofessionellt samarbete och enligt Världshälsoorganisationen, WHO, är interprofessionell utbildning en av de viktigaste vägarna till effektiv, patientsäker sjukvård. Syftet med denna presentation är att redogöra för en studie om samarbete och grupputveckling i interprofessionellt sammansatta basgrupper vid grundutbildningen till olika vårdprofessioner. Med stöd av SPGR (Systematisera Person – Grupp i Relation) observerades studenternas beteende vid videoinspelade basgruppsmöten under problembaserat lärande (PBL) med fokus på hur professionella roller och stereotyper påverkade basgruppernas samarbete och utveckling. Resultatet visar att samtliga basgrupper utvecklades men på olika sätt. Resultatet visar även att professionella stereotypiska beteenden minskade över tid samt att basgruppshandledarens agerande påverkade grupputvecklingen. En slutsats är att PBL kan vara ett sätt att minska stereotypt beteende i basgrupper och att handledarens stil är en viktig faktor för framgång med tillvägagångssättet. Fokus vid presentationen är att beskriva studien och dess resultat utifrån de gjorda observationerna med SPGR.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Domeika, Marius, et al.
(author)
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Mailed urine samples are not an effective screening approach for Chlamydia trachomatis case finding among young men
- 2007
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In: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 21:6, s. 789-794
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Frequency of testing is known to be low for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in men aged 20–24 years. The use of mailed, home-obtained urine specimens could increase the uptake of young men and facilitate screening programmes for the detection of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis. Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the home screening approach as a tool for recruitment of asymptomatic men for screening of genital C. trachomatis infections. Methods Men aged 19–24 years old (n = 1936) were invited to participate in home-based testing for genital C. trachomatis infection. Persons who agreed to be tested were provided with a testing kit. Self-collected first void urine was sent for testing to the microbiology laboratory. The test result was accessible on the study's web-page 1 week after testing. Individuals with a diagnosed infection were instructed to contact the venereal disease department. Results The response rate was 24% (462/1936). The responders' main reason for not participating was a feeling of being safe regarding STIs (87%; 159/182). The primary reason for this feeling of safety was that the responders were in a steady relationship (59%; 107/159). Having sex outside a steady relationship was reported by 36% (90/250) of the responders. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection among the responders was 2.02% and the reported history of chlamydial infection was 36% (34/95). Out of the responders, 92% (229/249) were, to varying degrees, concerned about getting STIs; however, the majority (72%; 174/242) estimated the risk to be low. Conclusion Home screening using web-based answer management is a feasible tool for STI screening, which lowers the threshold for people at risk. In this particular population, however, the response rate was too low to be routinely introduced.
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| 6. |
- Duodu, Samuel, et al.
(author)
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Bartonella Infections in Deer Keds (Lipoptena cervi) and Moose (Alces alces) in Norway
- 2013
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In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 79:1, s. 322-327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infections with Bartonella spp. have been recognized as emerging zoonotic diseases in humans. Large knowledge gaps exist, however, relating to reservoirs, vectors, and transmission of these bacteria. We describe identification by culture, PCR, and housekeeping gene sequencing of Bartonella spp. in fed, wingless deer keds (Lipoptena cervi), deer ked pupae, and blood samples collected from moose, Alces alces, sampled within the deer ked distribution range in Norway. Direct sequencing from moose blood sampled in a deer ked-free area also indicated Bartonella infection but at a much lower prevalence. The sequencing data suggested the presence of mixed infections involving two species of Bartonella within the deer ked range, while moose outside the range appeared to be infected with a single species. Bartonella were not detected or cultured from unfed winged deer keds. The results may indicate that long-term bacteremia in the moose represents a reservoir of infection and that L. cervi acts as a vector for the spread of infection of Bartonella spp. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of L. cervi in the transmission of Bartonella to animals and humans and the possible pathogenicity of these bacteria for humans and animals.
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| 7. |
- Edelbring, Samuel, PhD, Docent, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Interprofessionell simulering är engagerande och relevant [Interprofessional simulation: an engaging and relevant technique for teamwork practice]
- 2019
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In: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm, Sweden : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stakeholders in healthcare and education find interprofessional teamwork to be crucial for todays complex healthcare. Consequently, the students need to prepare for future collaboration with other professions. Interprofessional simulation (IPS) is a technique in which several professions can engage together in clinical scenarios. Using a survey we studied the perceived relevance of two IPS settings in which last-year medical and nursing students participated in acute care scenarios. The findings showed that students perceive IPS as being highly relevant and that students from the other profession contributed to their learning. IPS holds promise as a pedagogical tool towards future interprofessional competence. However, pedagogical improvements can be made, and the professional perspectives can be better balanced. Furthermore, in order to equip students with broader interprofessional competence, scenarios should include several professions and a variety of clinical contexts.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Edvinsson, Marie, 1976-
(author)
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Chlamydophila pneumoniae in Cardiovascular Diseases : Clinical and Experimental Studies
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) has been suggested as a stimulator of chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis. C. pneumoniae DNA was demonstrated in aortic biopsies in 50% of patients with stable angina pectoris or acute coronary syndrome undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. C. pneumoniae mRNA, a marker of replicating bacteria, was demonstrated in 18% of the aortic biopsies. Inflammation may have a role in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and aortic valve stenosis. C. pneumoniae DNA was demonstrated in aortic biopsies in 26% of thoracic aortic aneurysm patients and in 11% of aortic dissection patients undergoing thoracic surgery and in 22% of stenotic aortic heart valves from patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. No bacterial mRNA was demonstrated in these aortic biopsies, nor in the valves, suggesting that the infection has passed into a persistent state. C. pneumoniae DNA was demonstrated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in only 5% of aortic valve stenosis patients and not in thoracic aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection patients, suggesting that the bacterium disseminated to the cardiovascular tissue long before the patient required surgery. The copper/zinc ratio in serum, a marker of infection/inflammation, was significantly elevated in thoracic aortic aneurysm patients, supporting an inflammatory pathogenesis. Patients positive for C. pneumoniae in the aortic valve had more advanced coronary atherosclerosis, further supporting a possible role for C. pneumoniae in atherosclerosis. Mice were infected with C. pneumoniae that disseminated to all organs investigated (i.e. lungs, heart, aorta, liver and spleen). Trace element concentrations were altered in infected animals with an increased copper/zinc ratio in serum, a progressively increased iron concentration in the liver and a progressively decreased iron concentration in serum. Iron is important for C. pneumoniae metabolism, and a changed iron homeostasis was noted in infected mice by alterations in iron-regulating proteins, such as DMT1 and hepcidin.
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| 10. |
- Edvinsson, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Chlamydophila pneumoniae in chronic rhinosinusitis
- 2006
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In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 126:9, s. 952-957
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CONCLUSIONS: The intracellular bacterium Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cp) was infrequently found in nasopharynx and lacking in biopsies from the middle turbinate in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Compared with healthy controls, patients suffering from CRS had significantly higher and more prevalent antibody titers to Cp. However, an association between CRS and Cp could not be established. OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of Cp in CRS patients and in healthy controls to determine if an association exists between Cp and CRS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PCR against Cp was run on middle turbinate biopsies and on throat and nasopharyngeal swabs from 25 CRS patients and from 10 healthy controls. Serum samples were tested for Cp-specific antibodies by the microimmunofluorescence method. Patients that tested positive for Cp or had high antibody titers were treated with antibiotics. RESULTS: Cp was found in nasopharyngeal samples from two patients but from none of the controls. Neither patients nor controls had Cp in biopsies from the middle turbinate. Antibody titers against Cp were significantly higher and more prevalent in patients than in controls. Seventeen patients were treated with antibiotics but only four of them recovered from sinusitis symptoms during the 2-year follow-up.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Edvinsson, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection?
- 2010
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In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 115:3, s. 181-186
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) has been associated with atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm and is probably disseminated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Viable and metabolically active bacteria can be demonstrated by the presence of bacterial mRNA and on-going dissemination by the presence of bacteria in PBMC. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. pneumoniae DNA and mRNA in aortic biopsies and C. pneumoniae DNA in PBMC in thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection patients. Design. Real-time PCR was used to detect C. pneumoniae DNA and mRNA in biopsies and C. pneumoniae DNA in PBMC. Results. C. pneumoniae DNA was found in biopsies in 26% (6/23) of aneurysm patients and 11% (2/18) of dissection patients but in none of the forensic autopsy controls. C. pneumoniae mRNA was not found in any biopsy, and all PBMC were C. pneumoniae-negative. Conclusions. Presence of C. pneumoniae DNA but not mRNA in aortic biopsies and no evidence of C. pneumoniae in PBMC suggest that the infection in the aorta has passed into a state of persistence.
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| 13. |
- Edvinsson, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA but not mRNA in stenotic aortic heart valves
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 143:1, s. 57-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The pathogenesis of aortic valve stenosis may involve inflammation and we have previously demonstrated Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) DNA in stenotic aortic heart valves. Dissemination of these bacteria is probably mediated by alveolar macrophages. Bacterial DNA alone does not indicate whether the bacteria are viable and replicating. This study aimed to investigate the presence of C. pneumoniae mRNA, a marker of replicating bacteria, and C. pneumoniae DNA in stenotic aortic valves and the prevalence of C. pneumoniae in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).Methods: DNA was extracted from heart valves and PBMC and mRNA from heart valves from 76 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery. C. pneumoniae DNA and mRNA were measured by real-time PCR targeting the ompA gene.Results: C. pneumoniae DNA was demonstrated in 22% of heart valves and in 5% of PBMC. C. pneumoniae mRNA was not detected in any valve. Patients positive for C. pneumoniae in the valve underwent coronary artery by-pass grafting more often (p = 0.01) and suffered from angina pectoris (p = 0.02) and arterial hypertension (p = 0.03) more often than patients negative for C. pneumoniae in the valve.Conclusions: These findings support a role for C. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of aortic valve stenosis and indicate that the bacteria disseminate from the respiratory tract long before the patients were in need of surgery and that the valve infection thereafter entered into a persistent and non-replicative state. Moreover, patients positive for C. pneumoniae in the valve more often needed by-pass grafting because of more advanced coronary disease.
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| 14. |
- Edvinsson, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Trace element balance is changed in infected organs during acute Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in mice
- 2008
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In: Biometals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0966-0844 .- 1572-8773. ; 21:2, s. 229-237
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most infectious diseases are accompanied by changed levels of several trace elements in the blood. However, sequential changes in trace elements in tissues harbouring bacterial infections have not been studied. In the present study the respiratory pathogen Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), adapted to C57BL/6J mice, was used to study whether the balance of trace elements is changed in infected organs. Bacteria were quantitatively measured by real-time PCR in the blood, lungs, liver, aorta, and heart on days 2, 5, and 8 of the infection. Concentrations of 13 trace elements were measured in the liver, heart, and serum by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Infected mice developed expected clinical signs of disease and bacteria were found in lungs, liver, and heart on all days. The number of bacteria peaked on day 2 in the heart and on day 5 in the liver. The copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio in serum increased as a response to the infection. Cu increased in the liver but did not change in the heart. Iron (Fe) in serum decreased progressively, whereas in the heart it tended to increase, and in the liver it progressively increased. C. pneumoniae may thus cause a changed trace element balance in target tissues of infection that may be pivotal for bacterial growth.
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| 15. |
- Ehrenborg, Christian, 1970-
(author)
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Bartonella Infections in Sweden: : Clinical Investigations and Molecular Epidemiology
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Characteristically, in infections that are caused by the zoonotic pathogen Bartonella naturally infected reservoir hosts are asymptomatic, where infected incidental, non-natural, hosts develop symptomatic disease. Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a well known example. Bartonella infections in humans may be self-limiting or fulminant and affect different organ systems. The objectives of the present thesis were to (1) identify and characterise Bartonella infection cases in Sweden, (2) to investigate certain human populations regarding Bartonella infections, and (3) compare natural populations of different Bartonella species. Cases with typical and atypical CSD were recognised by using a combination of PCR and serology. Gene sequence comparisons of different genes in B. henselae isolates from the United States and Europe showed that ftsZ gene variation is a useful tool for Bartonella genotyping. Myocarditis was a common finding among Swedish elite orienteers succumbing to sudden unexpected cardiac death (SUCD). The natural cycle of Bartonella spp., the life style of orienteers, elevated antibody titres to Bartonella antigens, Bartonella DNA amplified from myocardium and the lack of another feasible explanation make Bartonella a plausible aetiological factor. The first reported case of Bartonella endocarditis (B. quintana) was identified in an immunocompromised patient who underwent heart valve replacement. The patient had been body louse-infested during his childhood. It is hypothesised that a chronic B. quintana infection was activated by the immunosuppression. There was no evidence of an ongoing trench fever (TF) epidemic in a Swedish homeless population, although an increased risk for exposure to Bartonella antigens was demonstrated. The lack of louse infestation might explain the absence of B. quintana bacteremia and low B. quintana antibody titres. Comparisons of genetic loci and the whole genomes of environmental B. grahamii isolates from the Uppsala region, Sweden displayed variants that were not related to specific host species but to geographic locality. Natural boundaries seemed to restrict gene flow.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ehrenborg, Christian, et al.
(author)
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First known case of Bartonella quintana endocarditis in Sweden
- 2009
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 41:1, s. 73-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this report, we present the first known case of Bartonella endocarditis in Sweden. IgG antibody titres to Bartonella spp. were elevated but blood cultures remained negative. Sequencing of a gltA fragment from DNA extracted from heart valve tissue specimens revealed sequence homology with B. quintana.
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| 18. |
- Ehrenborg, Christian, et al.
(author)
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High Bartonella spp. seroprevalence in a Swedish homeless population but no evidence of trench fever
- 2008
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 40:3, s. 208-215
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Blood samples and epidemiological data were collected from 50 homeless patients in central Stockholm, Sweden. Sera were analysed for antibodies to B. henselae, B. quintana, B. elizabethae and B. grahamii. Whole blood was cultured and used as substrate for a newly developed quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) specifically targeting Bartonella spp. DNA. 61 matched blood donor sera were used as controls. Homeless patients were significantly more often seropositive to Bartonella spp. than controls (OR 7.58 (3.30-17.39), p<0.05). Reactivity to the B. elizabethae antigen was dominating, although the difference between patients and controls was most significant in seroreactivity to the B. henselae antigen. There was no evidence of an ongoing B. quintana epidemic. The absence of louse infestation could explain the lack of B. quintana bacteraemia and the failure to amplify Bartonella DNA.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Elfving, Karin, 1982-
(author)
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Epidemiological and Bacteriological Aspects of Spotted Fever Rickettsioses in Humans, Vectors and Mammals in Sweden
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria transmitted by arthropod vectors. Rickettsiae sometimes cause disease in humans, typically with high fever, headache and occasionally an eschar.In Sweden, Rickettsia helvetica, belonging to the spotted fever group, is the only tick-transmitted rickettsia found free in nature. The pathogenic roll of R. helvetica has not been fully investigated, but it has been implicated in aneruptive fever and cardiac disease.This thesis describes parts of the transmission pathways of rickettsiae in Sweden. Rickettsia infection rates in ticks collected from birds were analysed, and the birds’ role as disseminators and reservoirs was studied. We found that more than one in ten ticks was infected with rickettsia bacteria, predominantly R. helvetica, and that migrating birds contribute not only to long-distance dispersion of bacteria, but also to an inflow of novel and potentially pathogenic rickettsia species, in this case R. monacensis and R. sp. strain Davousti-like species, into Sweden.Further, wild and domestic animals were found to have seroreactivity against R. helvetica, which shows that they are exposed and susceptible to rickettsia. Their role as reservoirs has not been determined, yet they may indirectly be involved in transmission of rickettsia to humans by infected ticks feeding on them.The seroreactivity in humans was also studied. Patients investigated for suspected Borrelioses and blood donors had detectable antibodies against Rickettsia spp., with the highest prevalence detected in the suspected Borreliosis group. This shows that humans in Sweden are exposed to and develop an immune response against rickettsia. The suspicion that R. helvetica may cause severe symptoms was verified by a patient with subacute meningitis where the bacterium was shown for the first time to cause an invasive infection with CNS involvement and where the bacterium was isolated from the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid.Growth characteristics and morphology of R. helvetica were studied to better understand invasiveness and virulence. The findings indicate that the invasiveness is comparable with other rickettsia, though R. helvetica seems to have a stable but slightly slower growth. Rickettsia helvetica is endemic in Sweden and therefore needs to be considered when investigating disease after a tick bite.
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| 21. |
- Hammar Chiriac, Eva, Biträdande professor, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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En studie av ledningsgruppers samarbete inom svenska hjälporganisationer
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ledningsgruppers samarbete har stor betydelse för gruppens förmåga att leda organisationen. Hur väl ledningsgruppen kan anpassa sig till kontext och uppgiften är viktiga faktorer. Med hjälp av SPGR genomförs under våren 2019 en studie av svenska hjälporganisationers ledningsgrupper. För att organisationerna så effektivt som möjligt ska kunna hjälpa de mest utsatta samhällsmedborgarna är ledarskapet centralt.Syftet med studien är att undersöka och få en bild av hur ledningsgrupper inom svenska hjälporganisationer samarbetar och om och i så fall hur det påverkar deras förmågan att leda. Genom att komplettera SPGRS:s självskattningsenkät med fokusgruppssamtal är målsättningen att fördjupa förståelsen för de beteenden som visar sig i självskattningsenkäten.Fokus vid i presentationen är att redogöra för studien och presentera några preliminära resultat.
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| 22. |
- Hammar Chiriac, Eva, et al.
(author)
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The effect of group-dynamics, collaboration and tutor style on the perception of profession-based stereotypes : a quasi-experimental pre- post-design on interdisciplinary tutorial groups
- 2021
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In: BMC Medical Education. - : BMC. - 1472-6920. ; 21:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundGroup processes in inter-professional Problem-Based Learning (iPBL) groups have not yet been studied in the health-care educational context. In this paper we present findings on how group-dynamics, collaboration, and tutor style influence the perception of profession-based stereotypes of students collaborating in iPBL groups. Health-care students are trained in iPBL groups to increase their ability to collaborate with other healthcare professionals. Previous research focusing iPBL in healthcare implies that more systematic studies are desired, especially concerning the interaction between group processes and internalized professional stereotypes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether changes in group processes, collaboration, and tutor style, influence the perception of profession-based stereotypes of physician- and nursing-students.MethodsThe study is a quasi-experimental pre- post-design. The participants included 30 students from five different healthcare professions, mainly medicine and nursing. Other professions were physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy. The students were divided into four iPBL groups, each consisting of six to nine students and a tutor. Data were collected through systematic observation using four video-recorded tutorials. SPGR (Systematizing the Person Group Relation), a computer-supported method for direct and structured observation of behavior, was used to collect and analyze the data.ResultsTraditional stereotypical profession-based behaviors were identified in the first observed group meeting. Although the groups followed different paths of development, the group-dynamics changed in all groups over the 6 weeks of collaboration. Two of the groups became more cohesive, one became more fragmented and one became more polarized. Stereotypical behaviors became less frequent in all groups. Our findings indicate that tutor behavior has a strong influence on the development of the groups dynamics.ConclusionOur findings strongly suggest iPBL is a means of reducing stereotypical behaviors, and may positively increase members ability to engage in inter-professional collaboration. Although the pattern of dynamics took different forms in different groups, we argue that iPBL forces students to see the colleague behind his or her profession, thus breaking professional boundaries. The tutor style significantly influenced the iPBL groups development. This study contributes to our field by emphasizing the effect of group-processes in increasing mutual understanding across professions.
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| 23. |
- Hjelm, Eva, et al.
(author)
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An inevitable journey by train : Nurses' narratives about palliative care
- 2007
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In: Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing. - 1522-2179 .- 1539-0705. ; 9:4, s. 206-211
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to explore the meaning of palliative care in the context of the caring relationship described by nurses providing such care in the home. Eleven nurses were interviewed, and the transcripts were analyzed using the hermeneutic narrativism method. The study found that the nurses'' narrative account of a caring relationship can be represented by a metaphor: an inevitable journey by train, characterized by the three themes of transit points, time, and guidance. Each journey passes through the same four points in chronological order. Time always moves forward, but the duration of the journey can be either long or short. Having more time creates better conditions for developing a caring relationship. The nurse provides guidance through a journey that she has made before, although each journey is unique. A caring relationship signifies commitment and involvement. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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| 24. |
- Hjelm, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae in young Swedish orienteers
- 2001
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 33:8, s. 589-592
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During 1992-93 sera from 1790 Swedish elite orienteers were tested for antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae. The reason for this was that a cluster of 16 cases of sudden unexpected cardiac death had occurred among Swedish orienteers and DNA from C. pneumoniae had been found in the myocarditic heart and in the lung in 1 of 2 deceased athletes in whom testing was feasible; in addition, C. pneumoniae IgG was found in all 5 cases where serum was available. Among the orienteers, the prevalence rates of IgG antibodies in males and females were 54% (n = 1194) and 50% (n = 596), respectively. The corresponding figures for 319 male and female blood donors were 60% (n = 169) and 53% (n = 150), respectively. These differences are not statistically significant. Male orienteers had a lower prevalence of IgA antibodies than male blood donors (19% and 26%, respectively; p < 0.05), while no such difference was found in females (16% and 18%). The prevalence of IgM antibodies was < 1% in all groups. Neither the performance level of the orienteers nor the place of residence affected the antibody prevalence. In conclusion, Swedish orienteers do not show a higher prevalence of antibodies to C. pneumoniae than healthy blood donors.
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| 25. |
- Hjelm, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Assay of antibiotic susceptibility of Chlamydia pneumoniae
- 1997
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Supplementum. - 0300-8878 .- 1651-2502. ; 104, s. 13-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is well known that treatment of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections is difficult. High doses and prolonged treatment is often needed to achieve clinical cure despite good in vitro effect of the drugs used. We here discuss different methodological problems in the determination of MIC and MBC values of C. pneumoniae. The length of the preincubation time and the lack of fluctuation of the antibiotic concentrations may affect the outcome of the currently used assay.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Hjelm, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae, B. elizabethae and B.quintana in Swedish domestic cats
- 2002
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 34:3, s. 192-196
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sera from 292 cats were analyzed by means of indirect immunofluorescence for antibodies to Bartonella henselae, B. quintana and B. eliazabethae. The sera were sent to the Swedish National Institute of Veterinary Medicine for health monitoring and were tested retrospectively for antibodies to Bartonella. The most prevalent antibodies (25%) reacted with the B. elizabethae antigen. Cats with such antibodies were older than those without antibodies. The prevalence of antibodies to B. elizabethae was higher in the south of Sweden than in the north, with the highest prevalence (46%) being found in cats living in the Stockholm region. There was no difference in sex distribution. A low prevalence (1%,) of antibodies to B. henselae was found and no sera reacted with B. quintana. The high prevalence of antibodies to B. elizabethae is consistent with previous findings in Swedish patients. The small number of cats with B. henselae antibodies observed in this study could be due to the cold climate and the low occurrence of cat fleas in Sweden.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Hjelm, Jonny, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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A breakthrough : women's football in Sweden
- 2003
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In: Soccer & Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-0970 .- 1743-9590. ; 4:2 & 3, s. 182-204
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This essay focuses on the development of women's football in Sweden between 1965 and 1980. The growth of modern women's football in Sweden was dependent on factors that were essentially extended to the football movement. However, the formation of teams, the establishment of leagues and so forth, were the results of formidable efforts by 'pioneers' within women's football. Leaders within men's football initially assumed a passive 'wait-and-see' attitude. Women's football challenged the masculine traditions of football in a manner that took the Swedish Football Association by surprise. When for various reasons the 'waitand- see' attitude became impossible to sustain, the Football Association decided to integrate women's football into the football movement. The purpose of this integration was to control the development of women's football and ensure that women's football would not have a detrimental effect on men's football with regard to material and nonmaterial resources.
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| 33. |
- Hjelm, Jonny, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Genombrottet för svensk damfotboll
- 2003
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In: Idrottsforum.org/artiklar. - Malmö : Malmö högskola. ; :21 september
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Holmberg, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of human seroreactivity to Bartonella species in Sweden
- 1999
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In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 37:5, s. 1381-1384
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Among the species that compose the expanding genus Bartonella, thus far only B. henselae and B. quintana have reportedly been isolated from humans in Europe. To evaluate the prevalence of Bartonella infection in Sweden,we conducted a retrospective serological examination of 126 human serum samples. These samples were analyzed for antibodies to B. henselae, B. quintana, and B. elizabethae, Serum samples from 100 blood donors, who spanned the ages of 20 to 60 and had no apparent clinical signs of illness, were also studied as a control group. An immunoglobulin G indirect fluorescence antibody assay revealed 4 and 8.3% Bartonella positivity rates for the blood donor and patient group, respectively, when a cutoff titer of greater than or equal to 64 was chosen. Among the blood donors, four were seropositive to B, elizabethae; one of these also had concordant positive titer to B. henselae, In the patient group, 14 serum samples were positive against Bartonella spp, These serum specimens represented nine patients. In three of these seropositive patients, paired serum samples displayed a fourfold increase in antibody titer to at least one of the three antigens, These three patients are discussed. In this report we also present a case study of a 60-year-old Swedish male with fatal myocarditis, Postmortem serological analysis revealed a high titer against B. elizabethae, PCR and nucleotide sequencing of the myocardial tissue from this patient, and of Liver tissue from one of the other three patients, showed sequences similar to B. quintana, The age, geographical origin, animal contacts, and serological response pattern to the different Bartonella antigens differed among the four patients. This study substantiates the presence of Bartonella spp, in Sweden, documents the seroreactivity to three Bartonella antigens in Swedish patients, and reports the first two cases of B. quintana-like infections in Sweden.
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| 37. |
- Linderholm, Märit, et al.
(author)
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Self-rated health, lifestyle habits and risk assessment in 75-year-old persons attending preventive clinic visits with a nurse in primary health care : a cross-sectional study
- 2019
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In: Primary Health Care Research and Development. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1463-4236 .- 1477-1128. ; 20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To describe self-rated health in relation to lifestyle and illnesses and to identify risk factors for ill health such as pressure ulcers, falls and malnutrition among 75-year-old participants in a new clinical routine involving health assessment followed by tailored one-to-one health promotion at preventive clinic visits to a nurse at primary health care centres (PHCC). Background: There is a rapidly growing ageing population worldwide. It is central to health policy to promote active and healthy ageing. Preventive clinic visits to a nurse in primary health care were introduced as a new clinical intervention in a region in Sweden to improve the quality of health for the older adults. Design: A quantitative cross-sectional population-based study. Methods: The sample consisted of 306 individuals in six primary health care centres in Sweden aged 75 years who attended preventive clinic visits to a nurse. Data were collected from March 2014 to May 2015 during structured conversations with a nurse based on self-administered questionnaires, clinical examinations, risk assessments and after the clinic visit existing register data were collected by the researcher. Findings: Participants experienced good self-rated health despite being overweight and having chronic illnesses. Daily exercise such as walking and housework was more common than aerobic physical training. The majority had no problems with mobility but reported anxiety, pain and discomfort and had increased risk of falls. Conclusion: It is important to encourage the older adults to live actively and independently for as long as possible. The healthy older adults may benefit from the clinical intervention described here to support the individual's ability to maintain control over their health. Such supportive assessments might help the healthy older adult to achieve active ageing, reducing morbidity and preventing functional decline.
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| 38. |
- McGill, Svena, et al.
(author)
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A study on forensic samples of Bartonella spp. antibodies in Swedish intravenous heroin addicts
- 2003
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In: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 111:4, s. 507-513
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infection with Bartonella, an emerging bacterial pathogen which often affects immunodeficient patients, has been reported in Sweden over the past few years, with a high seroprevalence of B. elizabethae. A high prevalence of antibodies against B. elizabethae has also been found in urban intravenous drug users in the USA. Using immunofluorescence, we retrospectively examined serum samples taken at autopsy from 59 Swedish intravenous drug addicts from the Stockholm area for evidence of antibodies against 6 pathogenic strains of Bartonella. The 59 addicts died following heroin injection during the years 1987–1992 and include 24 individuals (41%) who were additionally HIV-positive. An overall seropositivity rate for Bartonella spp. of 39% (23/59) was found with the following antigenic reactivities: B. elizabethae, 39% (23/59); B. grahamii, 3% (2/59); B. henselae (Houston-1), 14% (8/59); and B. quintana, 3% (2/59). There were no positive reactions for B. henselae (Marseille) or B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii. The Bartonella-seropositive cases included 11/23 (48%) individuals who were HIV-positive. Subacute to chronic myocarditis was seen in 2/11 microscopically investigated Bartonella-seropositive cases that were HIV-negative and in 1/14 seronegative cases. No cases of endocarditis or other common manifestations of Bartonella infection were found. An overall Bartonella seropositivity of 21% (9/44) was observed in control forensic autopsy samples.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- McGill, Svena, et al.
(author)
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Bartonella spp. seroprevalence in healthy Swedish blood donors
- 2005
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 37:10, s. 723-730
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Serum samples were collected from healthy blood donors in 5 regions in Sweden in 1999, i.e. from the local Blood Centres (collecting facilities) in Boden, Jönköping, Lund, Skövde, and Uppsala. In total, 498 serum samples (63% males, 37% females) were received and tested by immunofluorescence assay for antibodies against B. elizabethae, B. grahamii, B. henselae (Houston-1), B. henselae (Marseille), B. quintana, and B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii. An overall Bartonella spp. seroprevalence of 16.1% was found, with a predominance of immunoreactivity to B. elizabethae, at 14.1%; B. grahamii, 2.6%; B. henselae (Houston-1), 1.2%; B. henselae (Marseille), 1.8%; B. quintana, 0.2%; and B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii, 0.0%. Univariate and multivariate analyses of epidemiological and demographical information revealed an increased rate of B. elizabethae seropositivity in blood donors working outdoors, being out in the wild a minimum of once a week, hunting moose, having cat contact, and travelling to Eastern Europe. Living in the southern region of Sweden (Lund area) was associated with decreased seropositivity to B. elizabethae.
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| 41. |
- McGill, Svena, et al.
(author)
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Serological and epidemiological analysis of the prevalence of Bartonella spp. antibodies in Swedish elite orienteers 1992-93.
- 2001
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 33:6, s. 423-428
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The emergence of the popular, physically demanding and highly nature-interactive sport of orienteering was marked in Sweden by an elevated rate of sudden unexpected cardiac deaths in young competitors during the years 1979-92, with a common underlying cause or causes suspected. Subsequently, sera were collected during 1992-93 from the elite segment of orienteers holding a nationally ranked position, and a survey compiling various epidemiological data was performed. In this study, a total of 1136 sera were analyzed by indirect-fluorescent antibody assay for the presence of IgG antibodies against 3 Bartonella spp.: B. henselae, B. elizabethae and B. quintana. In total, 31% (355/1136) were seropositive for at least 1 species of Bartonella, with titers ranging up to 1/512; 350/1136 (31%) had antibodies against B. elizabethae, 34/1136 (3.0%) against B. henselae and 16/1136 (1.4%) against B. quintana. Males and females showed equal rates of 31% seropositivity to Bartonella spp. (males 241/766; females 114/370). In comparison, 322 time-matched sera from healthy blood donors had antibodies to Bartonella spp. in 6.8% of cases (p < 0.001). The observed high prevalence of Bartonella spp. antibodies found in Swedish elite orienteers may be indicative of a connection with risk factors for the development of myocarditis and sudden unexpected cardiac death.
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| 42. |
- Molin, Ylva, 1981-
(author)
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Arsenic Influences Virus Replication in Experimental Coxsackievirus B3 Infection
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Trace elements are essential for the host defence against infections, and during common infections, the balance of trace elements is changed in serum and tissues. Supplementation with selenium (Se), an essential trace element, is known to decrease the severity of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection in mice. Even the non-essential trace element arsenic (As) seems to influence the replication of some viruses. During the course of an acute CVB3 infection in mice, Se concentrations decreased in most tissues and were negatively correlated to viral load in our study. However, As concomitantly decreased in most tissues. As has previously been shown to interfere with the balance of essential trace elements. However, in the present study As supplementation in healthy mice resulted in minor effects on seven studied trace elements in serum and tissues. The effects of As supplementation were more pronounced in CVB3-infected mice, with an increase in As, but a decrease in Se in most tissues when compared with non-infected mice. As supplementation during CVB3 infection in mice decreased viral RNA concentrations in the brain (97%) and pancreas (75%), two of the target organs of this infection. In vitro experiments indicate that As caused an impaired virion assembly or release. In vivo, infection-induced expression of the host defence-associated genes nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were unaffected by As supplementation, except for an earlier increase in IFN-γ in the brain. In conclusion, a clinically relevant dose of As decreased the replication of CVB3 in vitro and in vivo. This antiviral effect in vivo was not related to changes in specific trace elements or in the host’s immune-mediated defence. Although the mechanism underlying the observed effect on viral replication remains to be further elucidated, As seems to be an intriguing trace element to study in the pursuit of new antiviral drugs.
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| 43. |
- Molin, Ylva, et al.
(author)
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Arsenic trioxide influences viral replication in target organs of coxsackievirus B3-infected mice
- 2010
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In: Microbes and infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1286-4579 .- 1769-714X. ; 12:12-13, s. 1027-1034
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New antiviral agents are urgently needed. Based on in vitro studies, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) seems to affect viral replication, although this has been studied only marginally in vivo. In this study the replication of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was studied in Balb/c mice administered 1 mg As2O3/kg bw once daily during 7 days of infection and in Vero cells exposed for 3 or 5 days to 0.4, 2 or 4 µM As2O3. Viral RNA was measured by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) (in vitro and in vivo) and arsenic concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (in vivo). In vivo, As2O3 decreased viral RNA in the brain on days 3 (by 81%; p<0.05) and 7 (by 97%; p<0.01) and in the pancreas on day 7 (by 75%; p<0.05), two of the target organs of this infection. The results were confirmed in vitro, where As2O3 dose-dependently reduced viral RNA, with the effect being more pronounced in the surrounding culture medium than inside the infected cells, indicating an impaired virion release. Thus, As2O3 reduced CVB3 replication both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that As2O3 is a viable option in the pursuit of new therapeutic agents against viral infections.
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| 44. |
- Molin, Ylva, et al.
(author)
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Migratory birds, ticks and Bartonella
- 2011
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In: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 1, s. 5997-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bartonella spp. infections are considered to be vector-borne zoonoses; ticks are suspected vectors of bartonellae. Migratory birds can disperse ticks infected with zoonotic pathogens such as Rickettsia and tick-borne encephalitis virus and possibly also Bartonella. Thus, in the present study 386 tick specimens collected in spring 2009 from migratory birds on the Mediterranean islands Capri and Antikythera were screened for Bartonella spp. RNA. One or more ticks were found on 2.7% of the birds. Most ticks were Hyalomma rufipes nymphs and larvae with mean infestation rates of 1.7 nymphs and 0.6 larvae per infested bird. Bartonella spp. RNA was not detected in any of the tick specimens.
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| 45. |
- Moreno Berggren, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Therapy-related MDS dissected based on primary disease and treatment-a nationwide perspective
- 2023
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In: Leukemia. - : Springer. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 37:5, s. 1103-1112
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this population-based study, we aimed to characterize and compare subgroups of therapy-related Myelodysplastic syndromes (t-MDS) and define the implications of type of previous treatment and primary disease. We combined data from MDS patients, diagnosed between 2009 and 2017 (n = 2705), in the nationwide Swedish MDS register, with several health registers. Furthermore, using matched population controls, we investigated the prevalence of antecedent malignancies in MDS patients in comparison with the general population. This first ever nationwide study on t-MDS confirms a shorter median survival for t-MDS compared to de novo MDS (15.8 months vs 31.1 months, p < 0.001). T-MDS patients previously treated with radiation only had disease characteristics with a striking resemblance to de novo-MDS, in sharp contrast to patients treated with chemotherapy who had a significantly higher risk profile. IPSS-R and the WHO classification differentiated t-MDS into different risk groups. As compared with controls, MDS patients had a six-fold increased prevalence of a previous hematological malignancy but only a 34% increased prevalence of a previous solid tumor. T-MDS patients with a previous hematological malignancy had a dismal prognosis, due both to mortality related to their primary disease and to high-risk MDS.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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Nyckeltexter i utbildningsvetenskap : Skolforskares originaltexter i översättning
- 2018
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I den svenska skoldebatten är frågan om forskningsförankring högaktuell och det hänvisas flitigt till olika texter och artiklar. Några texter och forskare hänvisas det till oftare än andra- texter som banat väg och gjort bestående avtryck som stått sig över tid. Den här boken innehåller ett urval av dessa nyckeltexter som inte tidigare funnits tillgängliga i svensk översättning. Författarna är några av världens ledande skolforskare, till exempel Dylan Wiliam, John Hattie, Helen Timperley och Michael Fullan. Urvalet har gjorts av tre tongivande svenska skolutvecklare, samt i några fall i samråd med skolforskarna själva. Resultatet är en resa inom skolforskning i både ett historiskt och samtida perspektiv. Under övergripande rubriker som psykologi, lärande och undervisning samt reformer och utveckling får vi ta del av banbrytande texter inom respektive område. Det är omtumlande, förvånande och utmanande på samma gång. Framför allt bringar texterna i påståenden som mer eller mindre tas för givna inom skolforskning. Hur vet vi det, vem sa egentligen vad och när?
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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