| 1. |
- Korsholm, Kasper, et al.
(author)
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Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion versus Novel Oral Anticoagulation for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Rationale and Design of the Multicenter Randomized Occlusion-AF Trial.
- 2021
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In: American heart journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6744 .- 0002-8703. ; 243, s. 28-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing globally, which is a major clinical and public health concern due to the five-fold increased risk of stroke. Oral anticoagulation with novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is the current primary option for stroke prevention in patients with AF, although it increases the risk of major bleeding. Patients with prior ischemic cerebrovascular events are at particularly high risk of both recurrent ischemic events and major bleeding. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) provides an alternative option for stroke prevention in high-risk patients, however, with currently limited evidence. Thus, randomized trials comparing LAAO to NOACs are needed.The Occlusion-AF trial is designed to assess whether LAAO is non-inferior to NOAC therapy for reduction of the combined endpoint of stroke, systemic embolism, major bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥ 3) and all-cause mortality in patients with AF and a recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).Investigator-initiated multicenter, multinational, randomized open-label non-inferiority trial with blinded outcome evaluation (PROBE design). Patients with documented AF, and an ischemic stroke or TIA within 6 months will be eligible for enrollment. Major exclusion criteria are modified Rankin Scale > 3 at enrollment, glomerular filtration rate < 15 ml/min, and life-expectancy less than 2 years. A total of 750 patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive either a NOAC or LAAO using the Amplatzer Amulet (Abbott, MN, USA) or Watchman FLX (Boston Scientific, MN, USA) with subsequent life-long aspirin 75 mg daily. Follow-up will be based on in-office and telephone follow-up in combination with long-term follow-up (10 years) through national hospital discharge registries in the individual Nordic countries. The primary outcome will be a composite endpoint of stroke, systemic embolism, major bleeding (BARC ≥ 3) and all-cause mortality at 2-year follow-up.The Occlusion-AF trial is designed to compare LAAO to NOAC therapy for secondary stroke prevention in AF patients with a high risk of recurrent thromboembolic events, i.e. with previous ischemic stroke or TIA, and otherwise eligible for anticoagulation. The results are expected to contribute significantly to the understanding of the effects of LAAO compared to the standard contemporary pharmacological treatment in these patients.
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| 2. |
- Marciniak, Magdalena, et al.
(author)
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Impact of Stripe Shape on the Reflectivity of Monolithic High Contrast Gratings
- 2021
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In: ACS Photonics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2330-4022. ; 8:11, s. 3173-3184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monolithic high contrast gratings (MHCGs) composed of a one-dimensional grating patterned in a monolithic layer provide up to 100% optical power reflectance and can be fabricated in almost any semiconductor and dielectric material used in modern optoelectronics. MHCGs enable monolithic integration, polarization selectivity, and versatile phase tuning. They can be from 10 to 20 times thinner than distributed Bragg reflectors. The subwavelength dimensions of MHCGs significantly reduce the possibility of ensuring the smoothness of the sidewalls of the MHCG stripes and make precise control of the shape of the MHCG stripe cross-section difficult during the etching process. The question is then whether it is more beneficial to improve the etching methods to obtain a perfect cross-section shape, as assumed by the design, or whether it is possible to find geometrical parameters that enable high optical power reflectance using the shape that a given etching method provides. Here, we present a numerical study supported by the experimental characterization of MHCGs fabricated in various materials using a variety of common surface nanometer-scale shaping methods. We demonstrate that MHCG stripes with an arbitrary cross-section shape can provide optical power reflectance of nearly 100%, which greatly relaxes their fabrication requirements. Moreover, we show that optical power reflectance exceeding 99% with a record spectral bandwidth of more than 20% can be achieved for quasi-Trapezoidal cross-sections of MHCGs. We also show that sidewall corrugations of the MHCG stripes have only a slight impact on MHCG optical power reflectance if the amplitude of the corrugation is less than 16% of the MHCG period. This level of stripe fabrication precision can be achieved using the most current surface etching methods. Our results are significant for the design and production of a variety of photonic devices employing MHCGs. The flexibility with regard to cross-section shape facilitates the reliable fabrication of highly reflective subwavelength grating mirrors. This in turn will enable the manufacture of monolithically integrated high-quality-factor optical micro-and nanocavity devices.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Traffic safety effects when overtaking 30 meter trucks
- 2012
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In: Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2012- 14 Volume Set. - : Taylor & Francis. - 146655262X - 9781466552623
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the introduction of extra-long and heavy trucks has an effect on traffic safety on Swedish roads, especially in relation to overtaking maneuvers. Traffic safety effects will be measured in terms of road user behavior concerning accelerations and time slots. First, focus group interviews with heavy truck drivers. Truck drivers that do not drive extra-long trucks believe that the introduction of extra-long trucks will create a number of traffic safety problems especially in terms of conflicts with ordinary road users. The drivers of extra-long trucks do not experience the problems that ordinary truck drivers predict. The problems they experience can be taken care of with more planning (thinking ahead). They also believe that the traffic sign on the back of the extra-long vehicle has a positive effect. The truck company, working environment and truck equipment are other important aspects mentioned by the drivers of the extra-long vehicles.The simulator study investigates overtaking situations on a 2+1-lane highway, with extra-long trucks (30.4 m) and ordinary trucks (18.75 m). The results reveal that the distance from the rear/front of the truck to the point where only one lane exists affects car drivers’ decision to overtake, independently of truck length. If the truck is in the relatively same position, the timeslot for a safe overtaking maneuver before next one-lane section was reduced significantly for extra-long trucks compared to ordinary trucks. The conclusion is that there exist small tendencies which point in the direction of enhanced traffic safety problems with the introduction of extra-long trucks. The results should, however, be interpreted with caution as the number of data points was few and collected in specific situations and in specific conditions. It was neither considered how the introduction of longer and heavier trucks, given a constant amount of goods, reduces the number of heavy trucks on the road network.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Trafiksäkerhetspåverkan vid omkörning av 30-metersfordon
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Trafikverket överväger att tillåta längre och tyngre fordon på vägarna förutsatt att de inte påverkar trafiksäkerheten negativt. Syftet med studien var att undersöka säkerhetseffekten av fordonslängd, speciellt med avseende på olycksrisken vid omkörningar. Intervjuade förare av en 30-meters timmerbil hade inte upplevt de farhågor som förare av normallånga lastbilar uttryckt i samband med trånga rondeller och korsningar, men de nämner betydelsen av stödjande åkeri, arbetsmiljö och fordonsutrustning. En simulatorstudie studerade bilförares omkörningar av ett 30- och ett 18,75-metersfordon på en 2+1-väg i situationen då två körfält går ihop till ett. Tidluckan till ett återstående körfält var i genomsnitt 0,2 s (sign.) kortare efter omkörningar av 30-metersfordonet i situationer då bakänden var i samma relativa position som för 18,75-metersfordonet vid början av omkörningen. En fältstudie analyserade videoinspelade omkörningar av en 30- och en 24-meters timmerbil på en 2+1-väg och en tvåfältig väg. Ingen signifikant skillnad i tidluckor kunde påvisas mellan omkörningar av de två fordonen för någon av vägtyperna. Det senare resultatet ska dock tolkas med försiktighet på grund av ojämnt distribuerad data som insamlats under specifika förhållanden. Slutsatserna är att det finns en liten tendens till negativ säkerhetseffekt vid omkörningar av längre fordon, och att fler fältstudier är nödvändiga.
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| 8. |
- Blauenfeldt, Rolf Ankerlund, et al.
(author)
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Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Stroke : The RESIST Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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In: JAMA. - 0098-7484. ; 330:13, s. 1236-1246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Importance: Despite some promising preclinical and clinical data, it remains uncertain whether remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) with transient cycles of limb ischemia and reperfusion is an effective treatment for acute stroke. Objective: To evaluate the effect of RIC when initiated in the prehospital setting and continued in the hospital on functional outcome in patients with acute stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a randomized clinical trial conducted at 4 stroke centers in Denmark that included 1500 patients with prehospital stroke symptoms for less than 4 hours (enrolled March 16, 2018, to November 11, 2022; final follow-up, February 3, 2023). Intervention: The intervention was delivered using an inflatable cuff on 1 upper extremity (RIC cuff pressure, ≤200 mm Hg [n = 749] and sham cuff pressure, 20 mm Hg [n = 751]). Each treatment application consisted of 5 cycles of 5 minutes of cuff inflation followed by 5 minutes of cuff deflation. Treatment was started in the ambulance and repeated at least once in the hospital and then twice daily for 7 days among a subset of participants. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was improvement in functional outcome measured as a shift across the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (range, 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]) at 90 days in the target population with a final diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Results: Among 1500 patients who were randomized (median age, 71 years; 591 women [41%]), 1433 (96%) completed the trial. Of these, 149 patients (10%) were diagnosed with transient ischemic attack and 382 (27%) with a stroke mimic. In the remaining 902 patients with a target diagnosis of stroke (737 [82%] with ischemic stroke and 165 [18%] with intracerebral hemorrhage), 436 underwent RIC and 466 sham treatment. The median mRS score at 90 days was 2 (IQR, 1-3) in the RIC group and 1 (IQR, 1-3) in the sham group. RIC treatment was not significantly associated with improved functional outcome at 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.20, P =.67; absolute difference in median mRS score, -1; -1.7 to -0.25). In all randomized patients, there were no significant differences in the number of serious adverse events: 169 patients (23.7%) in the RIC group with 1 or more serious adverse events vs 175 patients (24.3%) in the sham group (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.11; P =.68). Upper extremity pain during treatment and/or skin petechia occurred in 54 (7.2%) in the RIC group and 11 (1.5%) in the sham group. Conclusions and Relevance: RIC initiated in the prehospital setting and continued in the hospital did not significantly improve functional outcome at 90 days in patients with acute stroke. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03481777.
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| 9. |
- Bodén, Roger, et al.
(author)
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A metallic micropump for high-pressure microfluidics
- 2008
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In: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 18:11, s. 115009-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents one of the strongest mechanical sub-cm(3) sized micropumps for microfluidics. It consists of two active valves and one pumping chamber, each operated by a paraffin actuator that is driven by a low-voltage square pulse waveform. The pump is fabricated in a simple process using parylene-coated stainless steel stencils, paraffin and copper clad polyimide. When driving the pump at 0.07 Hz and 2.0 V (0.8 W) per actuator, it pumped water without leakage at a flow rate of 0.75 mu L min(-1) up to above 50 bar (5 MPa) back-pressure. The frequency dependence was evaluated and a maximum flow rate of 1 mu L min(-1) at 0.21 Hz and 1.8 V was observed. A thermomechanical FEM analysis, which was in good agreement with experiments at low frequencies, predicts the behaviour at higher frequencies.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bodén, Roger, 1979-
(author)
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Microactuators for Powerful Pumps
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- When paraffin wax melts it exhibits a large, relatively incompressible volume expansion. This can be used in microactuators for strong and large displacements, a rare combination among actuators. Furthermore, paraffin is inexpensive, inert and environmentally friendly, as well as easily processed and actuated. Together, these properties give paraffin actuators great potential for use in both low-cost and high-performance applications.In microfluidics, the miniaturization of various analysis systems decreases the volumes of samples and reagents needed, as well as the analysis throughput time. Using on-chip micropumps increases the efficiency of the microfluidic system, but a challenge for such pumps is the high back-pressure associated with separation, filtration or narrower channels.The objective of this thesis is to increase the understanding of paraffin in microactuators, as well as to further explore its possibilities and limitations. The main application area has been on-chip micropumps.For low-cost applications, actuators, pumps and dispensers have been fabricated in plastics and then evaluated. The dispenser is intended for on-chip storage and dispensing of liquids in a lab-on-a-chip that could be used in, e.g., point-of-care testing (POCT).For high-performance applications, metallic actuators, pumps and dispensers have been accomplished. The micropump is the world’s strongest mechanical micropump in sub-cubic centimetre size, capable of pressures of above 5 MPa. Possible applications are strong microhydraulics, on-chip chromatography, or medical microdosage systems.A limitation of paraffin is the relatively slow thermal actuation. In this thesis the thermal properties have also been turned into an advantage: Directional solidification is used to accomplish multiple stable states of the actuator displacement, withheld without any power consumption.For the future, the high-pressure capability may be improved by new designs. Optimization of speed and power consumption can be made by further work on modelling as well as on drive and control of the heating.
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| 16. |
- Bodén, Roger, et al.
(author)
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On-chip liquid storage and dispensing for lab-on-a-chip applications
- 2008
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In: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 18:7, s. 075036-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work presents novel components for on-chip storage and dispensing inside a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) for applications in immunoassay point-of-care testing (POCT), where incubation and washing steps are essential. It involves easy-to-use on-chip solutions for the sequential thermo-hydraulic actuation of liquids. The novel concept of combining the use of a rubber plug, both as a non-return valve cap and as a liquid injection interface of a sealed reservoir, allows simple filling of a sterilized cavity, as well as the storage and dispensing of reagent and washing buffer liquids. Segmenting the flow with air spacers enables effective rinsing and the use of small volumes of on-chip stored liquids. The chip uses low-resistance resistors as heaters in the paraffin actuator, providing the low-voltage actuation that is preferred for handheld battery driven instruments.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Chu, Jiangtao, 1982-
(author)
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Microdialysis Sampling of Macro Molecules : Fluid Characteristics, Extraction Efficiency and Enhanced Performance
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis, fluid characteristics and sampling efficiency of high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis are presented, with the aim of improving the understanding of microdialysis sampling mechanisms and its performance regarding extraction efficiency of biological fluid and biomarkers.Microdialysis is a well-established clinical sampling tool for monitoring small biomarkers such as lactate and glucose. In recent years, interest has raised in using high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis to sample macro molecules such as neuropeptides, cytokines and proteins. However, with the increase of the membrane pore size, high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis exhibits drawbacks such like unstable catheter performance, imbalanced fluid recovery, low and unstable molecule extraction efficiency, etc. But still, the fluid characteristics of high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis is rarely studied, and the clinical or in vitro molecule sampling efficiency from recent studies vary from each other and are difficult to compare. Therefore, in this thesis three aspects of high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis have been explored. The first, the fluid characteristics of large pore microdialysis has been investigated, theoretically and experimentally. The results suggest that the experimental fluid recovery is in consistency with its theoretical formula. The second, the macromolecule transport behaviour has been visualized and semi-quantified, using an in vitro test system and fluorescence imaging. The third, two in vitro tests have been done to mimic in vivo cerebrospinal fluid sampling under pressurization, using native and differently surface modified catheters. As results, individual protein/peptide extraction efficiencies were achieved, using targeted mass spectrometry analysis.In summary, a theory system of the fluid characteristics of high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis has been built and testified; Macromolecular transport of microdialysis catheter has been visualized; In vivo biomolecules sampling has been simulated by well-defined in vitro studies; Individual biomolecular extraction efficiency has been shown; Different surface modifications of microdialysis catheter have been investigated. It was found that, improved sampling performance can be achieved, in terms of balanced fluid recovery and controlled protein extraction efficiency.
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| 19. |
- Ehlersson, Catharina, et al.
(author)
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Enhetschefer undersöker sin roll- ett FoU-projekt i Sjuhärad
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En grupp enhetschefer i äldreomsorgen träffades regelbundet under två år för att utforska och utveckla den egna yrkesrollen. Arbetet bedrevs i form av en FoU-cirkel i samarbete mellan FoU Sjuhärad Välfärd och Institutionen för vårdvetenskap vid Högskolan i Borås, med en ledare från vardera. FoU är en förkortning av forskning och utveckling. Arbetet i FoU-cirkeln avslutades efter två år på sommaren 2010. Nu, ett år senare, publicerar FoU Sjuhärad Välfärd resultat från FoU-cirkelns undersökningar i den här skriften. Det är bidrag från fyra deltagande enhetschefer. De har undersökt olika aspekter av sin yrkespraktik. Genom dessa texter delar de sina erfarenheter och idéer med kolleger och alla andra som vill läsa nu eller i en framtid. I inbjudan angavs att FoU-cirkeln syftade till att ”ge dig som är enhetschef stöd och utrymme att beskriva, analysera och utveckla rollen som första linjens chef”. Här betonades att deltagarna skulle undersöka något viktigt i den egna praktiken som chef. Även skrivandet som verktyg i undersökningarna fanns med som en komponent arbetssättet redan i inbjudan.De inledande cirkelträffarna visade att deltagarna hade många frågor på hjärtat och gärna berättade om sina tankar och erfarenheter om att vara enhetschef. Deltagarna kände ofta igen sig i beskrivningar av chefens yrkessituation och yrkespraktik och de som kunde jämföra med som egna upplevelser och erfarenheter. En mängd frågor och ämnen virvlade runt vid cirkelns tre första sammankomster. Det framkom tydligt hur sammansatt enhetschefens roll egentligen är och vilken svår uppgift det är att jämka ihop olika intressen och viljor, för att i slutänden göra så gott som möjligt för organisationens brukare. Ur dessa inledande inventerande träffar urskildes ett antal undersökningsteman för det fortsatta arbetet.
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| 20. |
- Gisnås, Kjersti, et al.
(author)
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Permafrost Map for Norway, Sweden and Finland
- 2017
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In: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. - : Wiley. - 1045-6740 .- 1099-1530. ; 28:2, s. 359-378
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A research-based understanding of permafrost distribution at a sufficient spatial resolution is important to meet the demands of science, education and society. We present a new permafrost map for Norway, Sweden and Finland that provides a more detailed and updated description of permafrost distribution in this area than previously available. We implemented the CryoGRID1 model at 1km(2) resolution, forced by a new operationally gridded data-set of daily air temperature and snow cover for Finland, Norway and Sweden. Hundred model realisations were run for each grid cell, based on statistical snow distributions, allowing for the representation of sub-grid variability of ground temperature. The new map indicates a total permafrost area (excluding palsas) of 23 400km(2) in equilibrium with the average 1981-2010 climate, corresponding to 2.2 per cent of the total land area. About 56 per cent of the area is in Norway, 35 per cent in Sweden and 9 per cent in Finland. The model results are thoroughly evaluated, both quantitatively and qualitatively, as a collaboration project including permafrost experts in the three countries. Observed ground temperatures from 25 boreholes are within +/- 2 degrees C of the average modelled grid cell ground temperature, and all are within the range of the modelled ground temperature for the corresponding grid cell. Qualitative model evaluation by field investigators within the three countries shows that the map reproduces the observed lower altitudinal limits of mountain permafrost and the distribution of lowland permafrost.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hjort, Klas, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Micromachining in bulk GaAs
- 1990
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In: Sensors and materials. - 0914-4935. ; 2, s. 1-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hjort, Line, et al.
(author)
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36 h fasting of young men influences adipose tissue DNA methylation of LEP and ADIPOQ in a birth weight-dependent manner
- 2017
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In: Clinical Epigenetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-7075 .- 1868-7083. ; 9:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Subjects born with low birth weight (LBW) display a more energy-conserving response to fasting compared with normal birth weight (NBW) subjects. However, the molecular mechanisms explaining these metabolic differences remain unknown. Environmental influences may dynamically affect epigenetic marks, also in postnatal life. Here, we aimed to study the effects of short-term fasting on leptin (LEP) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) DNA methylation and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from subjects with LBW and NBW. Methods: Twenty-one young LBW men and 18 matched NBW controls were studied during 36 h fasting. Eight subjects from each group completed a control study (overnight fast). We analyzed SAT LEP and ADIPOQ methylation (Epityper MassARRAY), gene expression (q-PCR), and adipokine plasma levels. Results: After overnight fast (control study), LEP and ADIPOQ DNA methylation levels were higher in LBW compared to those in NBW subjects (p ≤ 0.03) and increased with 36 h fasting in NBW subjects only (p ≤ 0.06). Both LEP and ADIPOQ methylation levels were positively associated with total body fat percentage (p ≤ 0.05). Plasma leptin levels were higher in LBW versus NBW subjects after overnight fasting (p = 0.04) and decreased more than threefold in both groups after 36 h fasting (p ≤ 0.0001). Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate that fasting induces changes in DNA methylation. This was shown in LEP and ADIPOQ promoters in SAT among NBW but not LBW subjects. The altered epigenetic flexibility in LBW subjects might contribute to their differential response to fasting, adipokine levels, and increased risk of metabolic disease.
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| 28. |
- Hjort, Marcus, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Biomarker Concentrations and Their Temporal Changes in Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Nonobstructive Compared With Obstructive Coronary Arteries : Results From the PLATO Trial
- 2023
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : American heart association. - 2047-9980. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The pathobiology of myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is often uncertain. Investigating biomarker concentrations and their changes may offer novel pathophysiological insights.Methods and Results: In this post hoc study of the PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) trial, concentrations of hs‐cTnT (high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T), NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein), and GDF‐15 (growth differentiation factor 15) were measured in patients with MINOCA at baseline (n=554) and at 1‐month follow‐up (n=107). For comparisons, biomarkers were also measured in patients with MI with obstructive (stenosis ≥50%) coronary artery disease (baseline: n=11 106; follow‐up: n=2755]). Adjusted linear regression models were used to compare concentrations and their short‐ and long‐term changes. The adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMRs) in patients with MINOCA (median age, 61 years; 50.4% women) indicated lower hs‐cTnT (GMR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.68–0.88]) but higher hs‐CRP (GMR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.08–1.37]) and GDF‐15 concentrations (GMR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02–1.11]) at baseline compared with patients with MI with obstructive coronary artery disease, whereas NT‐proBNP concentrations were similar. Temporal decreases in hs‐cTnT, NT‐proBNP, and hs‐CRP concentrations until 1‐month follow‐up were more pronounced in patients with MINOCA. At follow‐up, patients with MINOCA had lower concentrations of hs‐cTnT (GMR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.60–0.84]), NT‐proBNP (GMR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.36–0.56]), and hs‐CRP (GMR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.53–0.86]). One‐month GDF‐15 concentrations were similar between both groups with MI.Conclusions: Biomarker concentrations suggest greater initial inflammatory activity, similar degree of myocardial dysfunction, and less pronounced myocardial injury during the acute phase of MINOCA compared with MI with obstructive coronary artery disease but also faster myocardial recovery.CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00391872.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Jacobson, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Final testing protocols
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report is the final document summarizing the inspection and testing protocols of the eVALUE project. It describes principles, inspection protocols and testing protocols for performance testing of ICT-based safety systems. The inspection protocols (published earlier in D2.2) and the testing protocols introduced in D3.1 are replaced by the ones in D3.2. The older versions are obsolete and should be disregarded. The inspection protocols cover the definition of the test vehicle, HMI aspects, environmental conditions, and functional safety. The inspection protocols are used to prepare for the physical tests as well as evaluating the performance of the vehicle. The testing protocols address longitudinal, lateral, and stability-oriented traffic scenarios. The longitudinal scenarios include a pedestrian crossing the road in front of the vehicle, or the situation where a driver approaches a stationary queue of cars. Involuntarily lane departures and cars in the blind spot during a lane change are situations covered by the lateral scenarios. Exiting a highway, avoiding an obstacle, and braking on a partially ice-covered road surface are examples of traffic scenarios related to stability.
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| 32. |
- Jerlström-Hultqvist, Jon, et al.
(author)
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Hydrogenosomes in the diplomonad Spironucleus salmonicida
- 2013
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 2493-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acquisition of the mitochondrion is a key event in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, but diversification of the organelle has occurred during eukaryotic evolution. One example of such mitochondria-related organelles (MROs) are hydrogenosomes, which produce ATP by substrate- level phosphorylation with hydrogen as a byproduct. The diplomonad parasite Giardia intestinalis harbours mitosomes, another type of MRO. Here we identify MROs in the salmon parasite Spironucleus salmonicida with similar protein import and Fe-S cluster assembly machineries as in Giardia mitosomes. We find that hydrogen production is prevalent in the diplomonad genus Spironucleus, and that S. salmonicida MROs contain enzymes characteristic of hydrogenosomes. Evolutionary analyses of known hydrogenosomal components indicate their presence in the diplomonad ancestor, and subsequent loss in Giardia. Our results suggest that hydrogenosomes are metabolic adaptations predating the split between parabasalids and diplomonads, which is deeper than the split between animals and fungi in the eukaryotic tree.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Kropp, Heather, et al.
(author)
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Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems
- 2021
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In: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 16:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Soils are warming as air temperatures rise across the Arctic and Boreal region concurrent with the expansion of tall-statured shrubs and trees in the tundra. Changes in vegetation structure and function are expected to alter soil thermal regimes, thereby modifying climate feedbacks related to permafrost thaw and carbon cycling. However, current understanding of vegetation impacts on soil temperature is limited to local or regional scales and lacks the generality necessary to predict soil warming and permafrost stability on a pan-Arctic scale. Here we synthesize shallow soil and air temperature observations with broad spatial and temporal coverage collected across 106 sites representing nine different vegetation types in the permafrost region. We showed ecosystems with tall-statured shrubs and trees (>40 cm) have warmer shallow soils than those with short-statured tundra vegetation when normalized to a constant air temperature. In tree and tall shrub vegetation types, cooler temperatures in the warm season do not lead to cooler mean annual soil temperature indicating that ground thermal regimes in the cold-season rather than the warm-season are most critical for predicting soil warming in ecosystems underlain by permafrost. Our results suggest that the expansion of tall shrubs and trees into tundra regions can amplify shallow soil warming, and could increase the potential for increased seasonal thaw depth and increase soil carbon cycling rates and lead to increased carbon dioxide loss and further permafrost thaw.
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| 35. |
- Lehto, Marcus, et al.
(author)
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A polymeric paraffin microactuator
- 2008
-
In: Journal of microelectromechanical systems. - 1057-7157 .- 1941-0158. ; 17:5, s. 1172-1177
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Paraffin wax is a promising material in microactuators not only because of its ability of producing large displacements and high forces at the same time but also because of the variety of manufacturing techniques available. In this paper, a simple actuator based on paraffin wax as the active material is fabricated and tested. Ultraviolet-curable epoxy is used in a technique combining simultaneous moulding and liquid-phase photopolymerization in a single-process step to build the stiff part of the actuator body. A heater is integrated in the paraffin reservoir, and a polyimide tape is used as the deflecting membrane. Thermornechanical analysis of the paraffin wax shows that it exhibits a volume expansion of 10%, including phase transitions and linear expansion. As for the actuator, a stroke of 90 mu m is obtained for the unloaded device, whereas 37 mu m is recorded with a 0.5-N contact load at a driving voltage of 0.71 V and a frequency of 1/32 Hz. The actuator can be used in microsystems, where both large strokes and forces are needed. The low-cost materials and low driving voltage also makes it suitable for disposable systems.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Lehto, Marcus, et al.
(author)
-
Rapid prototyping of a polymeric paraffin microactuator
- 2008
-
In: Journal of microelectromechanical systems. - 1057-7157 .- 1941-0158. ; 17:5, s. 1172-1177
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Paraffin wax is a promising material in microactuators not only because of its ability of producing large displacements and high forces at the same time but also because of the variety of manufacturing techniques available. In this paper, a simple actuator based on paraffin wax as the active material is fabricated and tested. Ultraviolet-curable epoxy is used in a technique combining simultaneous moulding and liquid-phase photopolymerization in a single-process step to build the stiff part of the actuator body. A heater is integrated in the paraffin reservoir, and a polyimide tape is used as the deflecting membrane. Thermomechanical analysis of the paraffin wax shows that it exhibits a volume expansion of 10%, including phase transitions and linear expansion. As for the actuator, a stroke of 90 mum is obtained for the unloaded device, whereas 37 mum is recorded with a 0.5-N contact load at a driving voltage of 0.71 V and a frequency of 1/32 Hz. The actuator can be used in microsystems, where both large strokes and forces are needed. The low-cost materials and low driving voltage also makes it suitable for disposable systems.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Liu, Zhendong, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Study on the Characterization of Degraded Catenary in Sweden to Enhance Safety and Reliability
- 2020
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In: The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks - Proceedings of the 26th Symposium of the International Association for Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD 2019. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 212-219
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has many catenary systems designed to be used for 40–60 years. Normally they can meet basic operational requirement within this period, but after a long time in service the catenary structures get weakened. Today there are about 40 incidents on catenary breaking each year, which leads to disastrous consequences to the railway network. The significant dynamic interaction of the pantograph-catenary system, together with mechanical wear, chemical corrosion, thermal softening, environmental disturbances, multiple-pantograph operation and increased traffic volume, can significantly weaken the physical strength of the catenaries and result in fatigue and structural damage. To reflect the catenary degradation, a study on the catenary dynamic-fatigue is performed with some factors considered, e.g. material softening due to high temperature and annealing, and cross-section losses due to wear, structural defects and small damages. This study finds that among all Swedish catenary systems the soft catenary system SYT 7.0/9.8 is relatively weak and its messenger wire is the most vulnerable component. The results show that the dynamic tensile load is dependent on position and operational speed. The weakened material strength due to high temperature and annealing have the main responsibility for the system failures. In the end, this paper suggests that, besides the regular visual inspections to the catenary structure, it is necessary to measure and control the degradation of physical strength of the key components to ensure safety and reliability in operation and also to extend the catenary service life.
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| 41. |
- Maslik, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Soft, Stretchable and Wireless Sensor Patch with Digitally Printed Liquid Metal Alloy Interconnects
- 2022
-
In: 2022 IMAPS Nordic Conference on Microelectronics Packaging (NordPac). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9789189711396 - 9781665491778
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Characteristics of high electrical conductivity, high strain tolerance and resistance to fatigue are vital for electronic circuits of on-skin wearable systems. Gallium-based liquid metals offer a unique combination of these characteristics making them excellent alternatives to conventional conductive stretchable inks. In order to obtain better wearing experience, it is advantageous to fabricate devices using breathable materials. However, effective automation solutions for the production of high-resolution digitally patterned circuits for soft and stretchable devices remain a challenge. The presented manufacturing strategy involves adopting a needle dispensing technique for the precise patterning of liquid metal conductors. The circuitry is deposited onto a soft, thin and highly breathable polyurethane medical film. Further, we investigate and map conditions of reliable printing of liquid metal on the polyurethane film for two sizes of dispensing needles with inner diameters of 150 μm and 360 μm. Despite the increased porosity and surface roughness associated with the high breathability of the film, it is possible to reliably deposit liquid metal interconnects with a line width and height below 100 μm. The technological solution results in a first demonstrator presented: an electrophysiological patch.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Olsson, Jan A, et al.
(author)
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Eclipse-synchrony relationship in Escherichia coli strains with mutations affecting sequestration, initiation of replication and superhelicity of the bacterial chromosome.
- 2003
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In: Journal of Molecular Biology. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 334:5, s. 919-31
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Initiation of replication from oriC on the Escherichia coli chromosomes occurs once and only once per generation at the same cell mass per origin. During rapid growth there are overlapping replication cycles, and initiation occurs synchronously at two or more copies of oriC. Since the bacterial growth can vary over a wide range (from three divisions per hour to 2.5 hours or more per division) the frequency of initiation should change in coordination with bacterial growth. Prevention of reinitiation from a newly replicated origin by temporary sequestration of the hemi-methylated GATC-sites in the origin region provides the molecular/genetic basis for the maintenance of the eclipse period between two successive rounds of replication. Sequestration is also believed to be responsible for initiation synchrony, since inactivation of either the seqA or the dam gene abolishes synchrony while drastically reducing the eclipse. In this work, we attempted to examine the functional relationship(s) between the eclipse period and the synchrony of initiation in E.coli strains by direct measurements of these parameters by density-shift centrifugation and flow-cytometric analyses, respectively. The eclipse period, measured as a fraction of DNA-duplication times, varied continuously from 0.6 for the wild-type E.coli K12 to 0.1 for strains with mutations in seqA, dam, dnaA, topA and gyr genes (all of which have been shown to cause asynchrony) and their various combinations. The asynchrony index, a quantitative indicator for the loss of synchrony of initiation, changed from low (synchronous) to high (asynchronous) values in a step-function-like relationship with the eclipse. An eclipse period of approximately 0.5 generation time appeared to be the critical value for the switch from synchronous to asynchronous initiation.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Olsson, Niklas, 1982-, et al.
(author)
-
Kontaktledningsanläggningen : Hantering av fordon för att minska risken för kontaktledningsnedrivningar
- 2020
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Skadad kontaktledning bidrar till i genomsnitt 7000 mer förseningstimmar per år och därigenom omfattande samhällskostnader. I en stor del av kontaktledningshaverierna har föraren, via sitt agerande, stor möjlighet att påverka anläggningens robusthet. Det här utbildningsmaterialet riktar sig framförallt till förare och växlare hos järnvägsoperatörer. Materialet syftar till en ökad förståelse för och en förbättrad hantering av kontaktledningsanläggningar. Målet är att minska förseningar till följd av skador på kontaktledningen
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Persliden, Jan, et al.
(author)
-
Dose and image quality in the comparison of analogue and digital techniques in paediatric urology examinations.
- 2004
-
In: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 14:4, s. 638-644
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In paediatric radiology it has been recognised that children have a higher risk of developing cancer from the irradiation than adults (two to three times); therefore, increased attention has been directed towards the dose to the patient. In this study the effect on patient dose and image quality in replacing the exposure in micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) examinations with the stored fluoroscopy image has been investigated. In the intravenous urography (IVU) examination we compared analogue and digital image quality, but the dose measurements were performed on a phantom. Standard clinical X-ray equipment was used. Sixty-eight patients in each of two centres were studied for the MCUG. Doses were measured with a dose-area product (DAP) meter and the image quality was scored. A non-parametric statistical analysis was performed. For the IVU, a phantom was used in the dose measurements but clinical images were scored in the comparison between analogue and digital images. For the MCUG, replacing the exposure with stored fluoroscopy images lowered the DAP value from 0.77 to 0.50 Gy cm2. The image quality did not show any difference between the techniques; however, if reflux was to be graded, exposure was needed. For the IVU, the doses could be lowered by a factor of 3 using digital techniques. The image quality showed no statistical difference between the two techniques. There is a potential for a substantial dose reduction in both MUCG and IVU examinations using digital techniques.
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| 49. |
- Risum, Malene, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction of a Comprehensive Diagnostic and Interdisciplinary Management Approach in Haematological Patients with Mucormycosis : A Pre and Post-Intervention Analysis
- 2020
-
In: JOURNAL OF FUNGI. - : MDPI. - 2309-608X. ; 6:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mucormycosis is a life threatening infection in patients with haematological disease. We introduced a Mucorales-PCR and an aggressive, multidisciplinary management approach for mucormycosis during 2016-2017 and evaluated patient outcomes in 13 patients diagnosed and treated in 2012-2019. Management principle: repeated surgical debridement until biopsies from the resection margins were clean as defined by negative Blankophor microscopy, Mucorales-PCR (both reported within 24 h), and cultures. Cultured isolates underwent EUCAST E.Def 9.3.1 susceptibility testing. Antifungal therapy (AFT) (mono/combination) combined with topical AFT (when possible) was given according to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), severity of the infection, and for azoles, specifically, it was guided by therapeutic drug monitoring. The outcome was evaluated by case record review. All patients underwent surgery guided by diagnostic biopsies from tissue and resection margins (195 samples in total). Comparing 2012-2015 and 2016-2019, the median number of patients of surgical debridements was 3 and 2.5 and of diagnostic samples: microscopy/culture/PCR was 3/3/6 and 10.5/10/10.5, respectively. The sensitivity of microscopy (76%) and Mucorales-PCR (70%) were similar and microscopy was superior to that of culture (53%; p = 0.039). Initial systemic AFT was liposomal amphotericin B (n = 12) or posaconazole (n = 1) given as monotherapy (n = 4) or in combination with isavuconazole/posaconazole (n = 3/6) and terbinafine (n = 3). Nine patients received topical amphotericin B. All received isavuconazole or posaconazole consolidation therapy (n = 13). Mucormycosis related six month mortality was 3/5 in 2012-2015 and 0/7 patients in 2016-2019 (one patient was lost for follow-up). Implementation of combination therapy (systemic+topical AFT/combination systemic AFT) and aggressive surgical debridement guided by optimised diagnostic tests may improve the outcome of mucormycosis in haematologic patients.
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| 50. |
- Sjölin, Jan-Gunnar, et al.
(author)
-
The Surrealist Image
- 2001
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In: Rethinking Art Between the Wars: New Perspectives in Art History. - 8772895233 ; , s. 91-150
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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