| 1. |
- Amemiya, Chris T., et al.
(author)
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The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution
- 2013
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 496:7445, s. 311-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The discovery of a living coelacanth specimen in 1938 was remarkable, as this lineage of lobe-finned fish was thought to have become extinct 70 million years ago. The modern coelacanth looks remarkably similar to many of its ancient relatives, and its evolutionary proximity to our own fish ancestors provides a glimpse of the fish that first walked on land. Here we report the genome sequence of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. Through a phylogenomic analysis, we conclude that the lungfish, and not the coelacanth, is the closest living relative of tetrapods. Coelacanth protein-coding genes are significantly more slowly evolving than those of tetrapods, unlike other genomic features. Analyses of changes in genes and regulatory elements during the vertebrate adaptation to land highlight genes involved in immunity, nitrogen excretion and the development of fins, tail, ear, eye, brain and olfaction. Functional assays of enhancers involved in the fin-to-limb transition and in the emergence of extra-embryonic tissues show the importance of the coelacanth genome as a blueprint for understanding tetrapod evolution.
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| 3. |
- Hess, Timo, et al.
(author)
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Dissecting the genetic heterogeneity of gastric cancer
- 2023
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In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 92
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is clinically heterogenous according to location (cardia/non-cardia) and histopathology (diffuse/intestinal). We aimed to characterize the genetic risk architecture of GC according to its subtypes. Another aim was to examine whether cardia GC and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and its precursor lesion Barrett's oesophagus (BO), which are all located at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ), share polygenic risk architecture.Methods: We did a meta-analysis of ten European genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of GC and its subtypes. All patients had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. For the identification of risk genes among GWAS loci we did a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) study from gastric corpus and antrum mucosa. To test whether cardia GC and OAC/BO share genetic aetiology we also used a European GWAS sample with OAC/BO.Findings: Our GWAS consisting of 5816 patients and 10,999 controls highlights the genetic heterogeneity of GC according to its subtypes. We newly identified two and replicated five GC risk loci, all of them with subtype-specific association. The gastric transcriptome data consisting of 361 corpus and 342 antrum mucosa samples revealed that an upregulated expression of MUC1, ANKRD50, PTGER4, and PSCA are plausible GC-pathomechanisms at four GWAS loci. At another risk locus, we found that the blood-group 0 exerts protective effects for non-cardia and diffuse GC, while blood-group A increases risk for both GC subtypes. Furthermore, our GWAS on cardia GC and OAC/BO (10,279 patients, 16,527 controls) showed that both cancer entities share genetic aetiology at the polygenic level and identified two new risk loci on the single-marker level.Interpretation: Our findings show that the pathophysiology of GC is genetically heterogenous according to location and histopathology. Moreover, our findings point to common molecular mechanisms underlying cardia GC and OAC/BO.
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| 4. |
- Hoffmann, Christian J., et al.
(author)
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Suppression of zinc finger protein 580 by high oxLDL/LDL-ratios is followed by enhanced expression of endothelial IL-8
- 2011
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In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 216:1, s. 103-108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The Interleukin 8 (IL-8) response of endothelial cells to lipoproteins has well known implications for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. In this study we sought for the role of zinc finger protein 580 (ZNF580) in the endothelial IL-8 response to lipoproteins. Methods: In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) ZNF580 and IL-8 levels were examined by real-time-RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunostaining or ELISA, respectively. Results: ZNF580 is located in the nucleus and regulated by LDL and HDL depending on the oxLDL/LDL-ratio but not by TNF alpha. IL-8 expression profiles are inversely influenced by the oxLDL/LDL-ratio, both in vitro and in vivo. Knock down of ZNF580 enhances the expression and release of IL-8 and increases monocyte arrest under flow conditions in vitro. Conclusions: ZNF580 is a novel factor in the lipoprotein-dependent regulation of IL-8 and monocyte arrest. Therefore it may be a new potential target for intervention in atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Kneissl, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Nitride Semiconductors
- 2023
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In: Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1862-6319 .- 1862-6300. ; 220:16
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Kneissl, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Nitride Semiconductors
- 2023
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In: Physica Status Solidi (B): Basic Research. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1521-3951 .- 0370-1972. ; 260:8
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
- Petzina, Rainer, et al.
(author)
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Negative pressure wound therapy for post-sternotomy mediastinitis reduces mortality rate and sternal re-infection rate compared to conventional treatment
- 2010
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In: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 38:1, s. 110-113
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a recently introduced treatment modality for post-sternotomy mediastinitis. The aim of this study was to compare the mortality rate, the sternal re-infection rate and the length of hospital stay in patients with post-sternotomy mediastinitis after NPWT and conventional treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 118 patients with post-sternotomy mediastinitis after cardiac surgery. One group of 69 patients was treated with NPWT and the other group of 49 patients with conventional therapy. Results: There were no major differences between the two groups concerning preoperative data (EuroScore) or primary cardiac surgery (mainly coronary artery bypass grafting). NPWT therapy was found to reduce mortality rate (P = 0.005) and sternal re-infection rate (P = 0.008) compared with conventional treatment and tended to lead to a shorter length of hospital stay (P = 0.08). Conclusions: NPWT for post-sternotomy mediastinitis demonstrates encouraging clinical results with a reduction of the mortality rate and the sternal re-infection rate compared with conventional treatment. The results support NPWT as the first-line treatment for deep sternal wound infections. (C) 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Roos, Abraham B., et al.
(author)
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Increased IL-17RA and IL-17RC in End-Stage COPD and the Contribution to Mast Cell Secretion of FGF-2 and VEGF
- 2017
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In: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 18:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mast cells are accumulated in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interleukin (IL)-17 signaling plays a role in disease progression. The expression, localization and functional relevance of IL-17 receptor (R)A and IL-17RC was explored in COPD by immunodetection, and functional assays. IL-17RA and IL-17RC was increased in very severe COPD, and expressed by mast cells. Increased secretion of the pro-angiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor was observed in vitro-maintained mast cells stimulated with IL-17A. Expression of these mediators was confirmed in end-stage COPD. Thus, accumulation of mast cells in COPD may contribute to vascular remodeling.
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| 10. |
- Röös, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Risks and opportunities of increasing yields in organic farming. A review
- 2018
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In: Agronomy for Sustainable Development. - : Springer-Verlag France. - 1774-0746 .- 1773-0155. ; 38:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Current organic agriculture performs well in several sustainability domains, like animal welfare, farm profitability and low pesticide use, but yields are commonly lower than in conventional farming. There is now a re-vitalized interest in increasing yields in organic agriculture to provide more organic food for a growing, more affluent population and reduce negative impacts per unit produced. However, past yield increases have been accompanied by several negative side-effects. Here, we review risks and opportunities related to a broad range of sustainability domains associated with increasing yields in organic agriculture in the Northern European context. We identify increased N input, weed, disease and pest control, improved livestock feeding, breeding for higher yields and reduced losses as the main measures for yield increases. We review the implications of their implementation for biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient losses, soil fertility, animal health and welfare, human nutrition and health and farm profitability. Our findings from this first-of-its-kind integrated analysis reveal which strategies for increasing yields are unlikely to produce negative side-effects and therefore should be a high priority, and which strategies need to be implemented with great attention to trade-offs. For example, increased N inputs in cropping carry many risks and few opportunities, whereas there are many risk-free opportunities for improved pest control through the management of ecosystem services. For most yield increasing strategies, both risks and opportunities arise, and the actual effect depends on management including active mitigation of side-effects. Our review shows that, to be a driving force for increased food system sustainability, organic agriculture may need to reconsider certain fundamental principles. Novel plant nutrient sources, including increased nutrient recycling in society, and in some cases mineral nitrogen fertilisers from renewable sources, and truly alternative animal production systems may need to be developed and accepted.
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