| 1. |
- Allen, Julian, et al.
(author)
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Sustainability Strategies for City Logistics
- 2015
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In: Green Logistics: Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Logistics, McKinnon, A., Browne, M., Whiteing, A. and Piecyk, M. (eds.) Third Edition. - London : Kogan Page. - 9780749471859
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Brettmo, Alena, et al.
(author)
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The role of intermediary organizations in influencing urban deliveries to receivers/establishments
- 2017
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Most urban freight research has focused on the need to change the behaviour of transport operators (carriers) either through incentives or more commonly through regulation. In the past few years researchers have started to address the scope to involve receivers (mainly retailers) in the reduction of urban freight trips. Typical initiatives include joint procurement or the possible use of consolidation centres. However, this focus on carriers and receivers potentially ignores the role of intermediary organisations that can strongly influence the patterns of urban freight movements and the way in which deliveries are made in urban centres. These intermediary organizations cover a wide variety of types including: Business Improvement Districts (BIDs), public sector purchasing coordinators that establish framework contracts and in the private sector - facilities managers. The paper explores the activities of 10 intermediary organisations in Sweden, UK and USA. An exploratory case study approach has been adopted and the activities of the organisations are summarised in order to enable acomparative assessment to be made. Findings support the contention that intermediary organisations have a powerful role to play in influencing urban freight demand and that their ability to bring together individual receivers is a significant opportunity for achieving more rapid and profound changes in urban freight flows and vehicle movements. The scope for changing procurement in both the public and private sector is also highlighted as one outcome of the research.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Browne, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Urban Logistics and Freight Transport
- 2021
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In: International Encyclopedia of Transportation. - : Elsevier. - 9780081026724 ; , s. 178-183
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urban logistics and freight transport are essential activities for cities and involve complicated interactions between the public and private sectors. Cities are growing and urban logistics is becoming more important. However, freight transport, storage, deliveries, loading, and unloading also create negative impacts related to energy use, emissions, noise, and safety. As a result, public authorities need to consider a wide range of initiatives to mitigate these impacts and to ensure that urban logistics can function efficiently. This chapter outlines the main features of urban logistics and considers seven categories of initiatives where the public and private sector interact. The categories are illustrated with examples from cities and projects on an international level, drawing on the increasing level of research interest in this field.
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| 5. |
- Gonzalez-Calderon, Carlos A., et al.
(author)
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Characterization and analysis of metropolitan freight patterns in Medellin, Colombia
- 2018
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In: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 10:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper seeks to pilot test a novel way to collect freight and service activity data and analyze the collected data in the metropolitan area of Medellin, Colombia. This research collects data using a multi-layer and multi-actor approach that includes surveys to receivers, suppliers, carriers, and truck drivers. The data are used by the authors to describe the overall freight patterns in the area of study and to show lessons learned. The data collection resulted in 2947 establishments (4.4% of the total establishments in the city), a cordon survey of 2950 commercial vehicles (17% of the total vehicle volume) accessing the urban area, and carrier interviews to ten companies and 130 truck drivers. The results indicate that a total of 33,274 metric tons/day enter the study area, 35,240 tons/day leave the area; while 7000 tons/day are distributed in the study area. In terms of freight trips, 6600 trips/day enter the study zone and 6600 trips/day leave it. The data collection effort enabled the analyses of freight generation patterns. The freight surveys used in the study complement each other, and provided a good depiction of the freight movements in urban areas. It was found that in the Medellin Metropolitan Area, freight-intensive sector establishments generates, on average, significantly more cargo (freight attraction plus production) than the service-intensive sectors. The analyses of the surveys allow the decision makers to understand the nature of the cargo and the generation patterns in different type of establishments. This characterization of the freight patterns is vital for the forecasting of the behavior of the cargo and it is the main input to perform freight demand modeling for city planning, especially for developing countries, where there are too many budget constraints.
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| 6. |
- Gonzalez-Calderon, Carlos, et al.
(author)
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Generalized noortman and van es’ empty trips model
- 2021
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In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564. ; 145, s. 260-268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a generalized Noortman and Van Es’ empty trips model that considers commodity groups and vehicle types. The model allows the analyst to quantify the contribution of empty trips by the various types of commodities. The model was validated using data collected in Colombia as part of the national Freight Origin-Destination Survey. The results reveal that not all commodities generate empty trips in similar proportions, and commodities that require specialized equipment are the ones with the largest proportion of empty trips generated. Moreover, the results show that the proportions of empty trips generated by a given commodity varies across vehicle types. The key contribution of the model is that it produces more precise estimates of empty trips as it includes the impacts of the cargo type in the generation of empty trips. The proposed model could be used by planners to identify key commodities that could be paired together with equipment that could be repurposed to reduce empty trips in their regions.
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| 7. |
- Holguin-Veras, Jose, et al.
(author)
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A Multiclass Tour Flow Model and Its Role in Multiclass Freight Tour Synthesis
- 2020
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In: Transportation Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0041-1655 .- 1526-5447. ; 54:3, s. 631-650
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper summarizes the research conducted by the authors concerning the development of an analytical freight demand model that explicitly considers freight pickup and delivery flows by industry sector, the multiclass tour flow model (MC-TFM). The mathematical properties of the resultant model are investigated, including the convexity of the optimization model, the interconnection between the MC-TFM and the family of gravity models, and the MC-TFM's elasticities. The MC-TFM is then integrated into a multiclass freight tour synthesis model (MC-FTS) that is capable of inferring freight tour demand on the basis of secondary data such as traffic counts and estimates of freight trip generation by industry sector. The ability of the resulting MC-FTS is tested by means of numerical experiments involving test cases.
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| 8. |
- Holguín-Veras, José, et al.
(author)
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Fostering unassisted off-hour deliveries: the role of incentives
- 2017
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In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564. ; 102, s. 172-187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the chief findings of research conducted to assess the willingness of receivers of supplies to accept unassisted off-hour deliveries (U-OHD), which are those conducted outside regular business hours and without the assistance of the receiving establishment staff. U-OHD have potential to increase economic competitiveness, reduce congestion, improve environmental conditions, enhance livability, and increase quality of life in urban areas. This study considers the role that public policy initiatives could play in fostering receivers’ acceptance of U-OHD by analyzing survey data collected from potential U-OHD adopters. The paper describes the survey conducted, performs descriptive analyses of the data, analyzes the respondents’ stated willingness to participate in unassisted off-hour deliveries, estimates discrete choice models to gain insight into receivers’ decision-making processes, and analyzes the effectiveness of alternative policy scenarios. It is found that a number of policy levers can foster U-OHD: (1) public sector provision of a one-time incentive, a public recognition program, and business support services; (2) carriers providing shipping discounts to receivers of U-OHD; and (3) the creation of a Trusted Vendor Certification Program.
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| 9. |
- Holguín-Veras, José, et al.
(author)
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Freight Demand Management and the Potential of Receiver-Led Consolidation Programs
- 2016
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In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564. ; 84, s. 109-130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper defines the field of Freight Demand Management (FDM), and positions it as an important component of transportation policy and management. To establish the rationale for FDM, the paper studies the effects of the agent interactions at the core of supply chains, and identifies the important role played by the receivers of supplies in determining when and how deliveries are made. The paper classifies the various modalities of FDM, and summarizes the real-life experiences of their implementation. To illustrate the potential of FDM, the paper analyzes Receiver-Led Consolidation (RLC) programs. The paper provides background on consolidation programs, and estimates a behavioral model to shed light on the factors explaining receivers’ interest in cargo consolidation. The resulting model is used to estimate expected participation in a RLC program in New York City. These results are complemented with freight-trip generation analyses, and a behavioral micro-simulation to estimate potential reductions in freight traffic and vehicle-miles-traveled. The results show that RLC programs could bring significant benefits to large metropolitan areas, reducing freight vehicle-miles-traveled and congestion levels.
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| 10. |
- Holguín-Veras, José, et al.
(author)
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Freight mode choice: Results from a nationwide qualitative and quantitative research effort
- 2021
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In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564. ; 143, s. 78-120
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The research reported in this paper focused on studying various aspects of freight mode choice in the continental United States (US) including the influencing factors, the development of econometric models to assess the impacts of public-sector policies and changes in market conditions. To gain insight into this complex subject, the team used qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The qualitative effort involved In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) with a highly selective group of leading shippers, carriers, and receivers. The IDIs provided insight into the key factors that influence mode choice, and the barriers that limit mode shifts. The quantitative effort estimated econometric models that express freight mode choice as a function of key independent variables. A unique aspect of this research is that the models were estimated using high-quality confidential data under the custody of the United States’ Census Bureau, the Internal Revenue Service, and the Surface Transportation Board, including: the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS), the largest shipper survey in the world; the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD), a comprehensive registry of commercial establishments in the US; and the Waybill Sample, a 5% sample; together with custom-made datasets of modal characteristics prepared by the authors. Using these data, the team estimated discrete-continuous freight mode choice models representing the choice of rail or truck for 42 different commodity types, and different combinations of independent variables and weighting schemes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the research conducted.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Holguin-Veras, José, et al.
(author)
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Importance and Potential Applications of Freight and Service Activity Models
- 2018
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In: City Logistics 1: New Opportunities and Challenges / edited by Eiichi Taniguchi, Russell G. Thompson.. - London & New York : Wiley-ISTE. - 9781786302052 ; , s. 45-63
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter aims to raise awareness about the importance of the specific consideration of the needs of Freight and Service Activity (FSA) in transportation planning and management efforts. It also aims to exemplify the potential application of establishment‐level FSA models to support these efforts. FSA encompasses a wide range of activities performed at commercial establishments. The freight side of FSA represents the pick‐up and delivery activity associated with the production and consumption of supplies. The chapter provides a summary of key features of urban economies and their relation to FSA. It briefly describes the data and approach used to estimate FSA models. The chapter summarizes the chief findings of the research. FSA models have multiple practical applications. This is possible because the establishment‐level nature of these models allows them to be used at various levels of geography, ranging from the state/metropolitan level to local analyses at the building level.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Holguin-Veras, Jose, et al.
(author)
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Service trip attraction in commercial establishments
- 2021
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In: Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1366-5545. ; 149
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Commercial traffic in urban areas has not received the level of attention it deserves. Notwithstanding recent research on freight trip generation, other components of commercial traffic, such as commercial service traffic, have been largely overlooked. This is ironic, as the service sector represents a major and growing portion of urban and metropolitan economies. The research reported in this paper intends to help fill an important research gap through analyses of unique survey data collected by the authors. To this effect, the research comprehensively characterizes service visits to commercial establishments?in terms of frequency, purpose, duration, time of day, and other characteristics?by industry sector for two metropolitan areas. In addition, the authors estimated econometric models that express the number of service trips to commercial establishments as a function of the economic characteristics of the establishment and assessed the geographic transferability of the models obtained. To gain insight into the overall magnitude of service-related traffic, the models were applied to publicly available data to estimate the service activity in American cities of various sizes. The resulting service traffic are then used to estimate of parking requirements of service and freight vehicles for the most congested ZIP codes at these cities. The paper ends with a discussion of chief findings and policy implications.
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| 15. |
- Holguín-Veras, José, et al.
(author)
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State of the art and practice of urban freight management: Part I: Infrastructure, vehicle-related, and traffic operations
- 2020
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In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564. ; 137, s. 360-382
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2018 Elsevier Ltd The first in a series of two, this paper conducts a review of the public-sector initiatives that could be used to improve freight activity in metropolitan areas; collects data about initiatives that have been implemented and their performance; and produces a ranking of suggested initiatives. The review of public-sector initiatives is based on a comprehensive analysis of their performance, which cataloged the initiatives into seven major groups, 15 subgroups, and 48 unique initiatives. The initiatives covered in this paper include: Infrastructure Management; Parking/Loading Areas Management; Vehicle-Related Strategies; and Traffic Management. The characterization of the state of the practice and the performance of the initiatives was based on a survey that collected data from 32 countries and 56 cities throughout the world. The third component of the work is a ranking of suggested initiatives based on the performance data collected by the survey. The paper ends with a discussion of chief findings.
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| 16. |
- Holguín-Veras, José, et al.
(author)
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State of the art and practice of urban freight management Part II: Financial approaches, logistics, and demand management
- 2020
-
In: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564. ; 137, s. 383-410
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2018 Elsevier Ltd The second in a series of two, this paper conducts a review of the public-sector initiatives that could be used to improve freight activity in metropolitan areas, collects data about the initiatives that have been implemented and their performance, and produces a ranking of suggested initiatives. The review of public-sector initiatives is based on a comprehensive analysis of their performance, which cataloged the initiatives into seven major groups, 15 subgroups, and 48 unique initiatives. The initiatives covered in this paper include: Financial Approaches; Logistical Management; and Demand/Land Use Management. The characterization of the state of the practice, and the performance of the initiatives, was based on a survey that collected data from 32 countries and 56 cities throughout the world. The third component of the work consisted of the generation of a ranking of suggested initiatives based on the performance data collected by the survey. The fourth component of the research reported here is the development of a process intended to lead to the sustained improvement of urban freight management. The paper ends with a discussion of chief findings.
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| 17. |
- Holguin-Veras, José, et al.
(author)
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Sustainable Urban Freight Systems and Freight Demand Management
- 2016
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In: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 12, s. 40-52
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper defines the field of Freight Demand Management (FDM) and positions it in the broad range of public sector initiatives aimed at improving urban freight activity. To illustrate the magnitude of the impacts of FDM, the paper estimates the contributions to freight traffic by the various industry sectors in a sample of metropolitan areas, establishes the role of freight behavior research, and summarizes the performance of a number of FDM initiatives. The paper ends with a discussion of policy implications and conclusions.
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| 18. |
- Jaller, Miguel, et al.
(author)
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Identifying Freight Intermediaries. Implications for Modeling of Freight Trip Generation
- 2015
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In: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; 2478:1, s. 48-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study discusses freight trip generation of pure receiver establishments, establishments that only receive goods, and freight intermediaries, establishments that both receive and ship goods. In addition, freight trip attraction and freight trip production patterns of establishments in different industry sectors were compared by using freight generation models. The analyses indicated important differences between production and attraction between establishments across and within industry segments and between pure receivers and intermediaries. As a result, econometric models (discrete and discrete-continuous models) were estimated to identify intermediary establishments. External data were used to validate the estimated models. The analyses and models could be used to improve modeling of freight trip generation.
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| 19. |
- Kumar Kalahasthi, Lokesh, 1988, et al.
(author)
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A freight origin-destination synthesis model with mode choice
- 2022
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In: Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1366-5545. ; 157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper develops a novel procedure to conduct a Freight Origin-Destination Synthesis (FODS) that jointly estimates the trip distribution, mode choice, and the empty trips by truck and rail that provide the best match to the observed freight traffic counts. Four models are integrated: (1) a gravity model for trip distribution, (2) a binary logit model for mode choice, (3) a Noortman and Van Es’ model for truck, and (4) a Noortman and Van Es’ model for rail empty trips. The estimation process entails an iterative minimization of a nonconvex objective function, the summation of squared errors of the estimated truck and rail traffic counts with respect to the five model parameters. Of the two methods tested to address the nonconvexity, an interior point method with a set of random starting points (Multi-Start algorithm) outperformed the Ordinary Least Squared (OLS) inference technique. The potential of this methodology is examined using a hypothetical example of developing a nationwide freight demand model for Bangladesh. This research improves the existing FODS techniques that use readily available secondary data such as traffic counts and link costs, allowing transportation planners to evaluate policy outcomes without needing expensive freight data collection. This paper presents the results, model validation, limitations, and future scope for improvements.
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| 20. |
- Sanchez-Diaz, Ivan, 1984, et al.
(author)
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A time-dependent freight tour synthesis model
- 2015
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In: Transportation Research Part B: Methodological. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-2615. ; 78, s. 144-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper introduces a model of urban freight demand that seeks to estimate tour flows from secondary data sources e.g., traffic counts, to bypass the need for expensive surveys. The model discussed in this paper, referred as Freight Tour Synthesis (FTS), enhances current techniques by incorporating the time-dependent tour-based behavior of freight vehicles, and the decision maker’s (e.g., metropolitan planning agency planner) preferences for different sources of information. The model, based on entropy maximization theory, estimates the most likely set of tour flows, given a set of trip generation estimates, a set of traffic counts per time interval, and total freight transportation cost in the network. The type of inputs used allows the assessment of changes in infrastructure, policy and land use. The ability of the model to replicate actual values is assessed using the Denver Region (CO) as a case study.
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| 21. |
- Sanchez-Diaz, Ivan, 1984, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Classification Systems In Freight Trip Attraction Modeling
- 2015
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In: TRB 94th Annual Meeting.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes different classification systems that have been used in the literature for Freight Trip Attraction (FTA) modeling, and explores the implications of using industry and land use classification systems for FTA modeling. The paper places a special focus on the North American Classification System (NAICS) and the City of New York Zoning Resolution (NYCZR) to analyze their similarities, and assess the performance of the FTA models derived based on those classification systems. The models ability to replicate FTA is assessed in both the calibration dataset and a validation dataset from receivers based in New York City (NYC). The application to NYC shows that in spite of grouping establishments using very different criteria, the NAICS-based and the NYCZR-based FTA models produce similar estimates.
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| 22. |
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Urban logistics: management, policy and innovation in a rapidly changing environment
- 2019
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Urban Logistics is written by an outstanding team of international editors combining their expertise and using their research from leading business schools in Sweden and the US. There are also valuable contributions from academics and industry experts from companies and universities from all over the world. The book includes clear examples of initiatives that work and business case developments, as well as toolkits for policymakers and managers who are devising new initiatives. There is an in-depth examination of different aspects of urban logistics, such as retail logistics for cities, urban food supply chains, services and the special logistics requirements involved, construction, waste management and e-commerce and home delivery. There is also a focus on networks and partnerships and an analysis of innovation as a new constant.
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| 23. |
- Visser, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) in Urban Areas, Revisited
- 2018
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In: City Logistics 1: New Opportunities and Challenges / edited by Eiichi Taniguchi, Russell G. Thompson.. - London & New York : Wiley-ISTE. - 9781786302052 ; , s. 29-43
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter provides an update of the review on light commercial vehicle (LCV) use in urban areas from the Sixth International Conference on City Logistics in 2009 by Browne. It focuses on the data availability. The chapter describes the latest developments of LCVs in the Netherlands, USA and the UK. LCVs play an important role in the distribution of goods and provide all kinds of services (from plumbing to copy machine repair) within cities. Braithwaite notes that the importance of activities such as construction and building together with the use of vans for service trips mean that e‐commerce parcel deliveries remain a relatively modest part of the total van activity in urban areas. According to McKinsey, new players and new business models will enter the logistics industry and will impact the use of LCVs in urban areas. The underlying trends are technological advancements, regulations/sustainability, and new (urban) consumer demands.
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