| 1. |
- Adjei, Evans, et al.
(author)
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Familial relationships and firm performance : the impact of entrepreneurial family relationships
- 2019
-
In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0898-5626 .- 1464-5114. ; 31:5-6, s. 357-377
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While the family may serve as a resource for entrepreneurs, it has been studied separately in different disciplines. In this paper, we combine the arguments on familial relationships (family firm literature) and skill variety (regional learning literature) to analyse how different forms of entrepreneurial family relationships (co-occurrences) facilitate firm performance, and how familial relationships moderate the effects of skill variety on firm performance. Using longitudinal data (2002-2012) on a sample of privately owned firms with up to 50 employees with matched information on all employees, our results show that entrepreneur children relationship is the dominant dyad familial relationship in family firms. The fixed effects estimates demonstrate that entrepreneurial family relationships do affect firm performance but that this is dependent on the type of familial relationship. Children and spouses show a positive relationship with firm performance while siblings of the entrepreneur show no significant relationship with performance. The estimates further indicate that familial relationships involving spouses abate the negative effects of having too similar or too different types of skills. The paper thus contributes to new knowledge regarding not only whether family relationships matter for performance, but also in what way they matter.
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| 2. |
- Alfredsson, Eva, 1963-
(author)
-
Green consumption energy use and carbon dioxide emission
- 2002
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to explore the quantitative potential to reduce energy requirements and CO2 emissions through changed patterns of consumption, given unchanged levels of consumption expenditure. The thesis question is analysed using a systems analysis approach which in this case means that life cycle assessment data on energy requirements and CO2 emissions related to household consumption are combined with a financial and behavioural analysis to make sure that the budget constraint is kept and that both the first and second order effects of adopting a green consumption pattern are analysed. The budget constraints are kept using a general linear model. By using marginal propensities to spend to direct the reallocation of saved or deficit money calculated utility is maintained as far as possible. Further, investigations explore the impact of individual household demographic characteristics and geographic context on household consumption patterns, energy requirements and CO2 emissions. The key result of this thesis is that changed household behaviour, choosing “green“ products and energy efficient technology will not make a big difference. What can be achieved in the short time perspective by adopting an almost completely green consumption pattern and energy efficient technology is a reduction of energy requirements by around 8% and CO2 emissions by around 13%. With a longer time perspective and further technological change that provides additional possibilities to move consumption patterns in a greener direction, the effect on energy requirements and CO2 emissions is still fairly small. By 2020, the potential to reduce energy requirements is around 13% and CO2 emissions around 25%. In the most extreme scenario (2050), the scope for reducing energy requirements is 17% and for CO2 emissions 30%. All these reductions will be outpaced by growth in income almost as soon as they are implemented. Of policy relevance the results reveal that very limited impact can be expected by a policy relying on greener consumption patterns, whether adopted voluntarily or as a result of incentives such as tax changes. Such a policy cannot achieve more than a small and temporary reduction to growth in energy requirements and CO2 emissions. It is also shown that, prescribing specific consumption patterns as a means of reducing energy requirements and CO2 emissions has to be done with care. This is illustrated by one of the experiments in which adopting a partly green consumption pattern, a green diet, in fact increased total energy requirements and CO2 emissions. This, and the results of all the other experiments show the importance of applying a systems approach. It demonstrates that life cycle data alone are irrelevant for assessing the total effects of adopting green consumption patterns. Further research on the potential to reduce energy requirements and CO2 emissions thus primarily needs to better capture system wide effects rather than to improve on, and fine tune the measurement of the energy requirements and CO2 emissions related to individual products.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berner, Boel, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Inledning
- 2008
-
In: Samhällsforskning 2008. Betydelsen för människorna, hembygden och regionen av ett slutförvar för använt kärnbränsle. - Stockholm : SKB.
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 5. |
- Berner, Boel, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Inledning
- 2007
-
In: Samhällsforskning 2007. Betydelsen för människorna, hembygden och regionen av ett slutförvar för använt kärnbränsle. - Stockholm : SKB.
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
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| 6. |
- Berner, Boel, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Inledning
- 2006
-
In: Samhällsforskning 2006. Betydelsen för människorna, hembygden och regionen av ett slutförvar för använt kärnbränsle. - Stockholm : SKB.
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
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| 7. |
- Berner, Boel, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Inledning
- 2005
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In: Samhällsforskning 2005. Betydelsen för människorna, hembygden och regionen av ett slutförvar för använt kärnbränsle. - Stockholm : SKB. - 9197560634
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 8. |
- Berner, Boel, et al.
(author)
-
Introduktion
- 2009
-
In: Samhällsforskning 2009. - Stockholm : SKB. - 9789197786287 ; , s. 4-17
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Berner, Boel, 1945-, et al.
(author)
-
Social Science Research 2004-2010 : Themes, results and reflections (on nuclear waste issues)
- 2011
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna skrift är upplagd på följande sätt. Efter detta introduktionskapitel ger vi i kapitel 2 en presentation av de viktigaste resultaten inom de fyra områdena: Socioekonomisk påverkan – samhällsekonomiska effekter, Beslutsprocesser – governance, Opinioner och attityder – psykosociala effekter samt Omvärldsförändringar. Vi sammanfattar här de olika projektens bidrag (för presentationer av respektive projekt, se bilaga 2). För originalarbeten, rapporter och andra publikationer inom programmet se litteraturlistan i bilaga 7 eller SKB:s webbplats.I kapitel 3 för vi sedan ett mer diskuterande resonemang kring några centrala teman av betydelse för förståelsen av kärnavfallsfrågans sociala och samhälleliga konsekvenser. Det är teman som aktualiserats av och även belysts i de olika projekten. Vi har valt att fokusera på frågor om samhälleliga förändringsmönster, om olika bilder av nyttan av ett slutförvar för använt kärnbränsle och risker i lokalsamhället och nationellt, på opinioner och attityder på olika nivåer, samt på slutförvarets långsiktiga betydelse. Vi tar upp dessa frågor som just frågor, för fortsatt forskning och diskussion. I kapitel 4 ges slutligen en sammanfattande värdering av samhällsprogrammets verksamhet och behoven av framtida forskning.I bilagorna 4–6 ges en bild av situationen i världen beträffande kärnkraft och avfallshantering.
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| 11. |
- Boman, Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Multi-agent systems, time geography, and microsimulations
- 2004. - 1
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In: Systems Approaches and Their Application. - : Kluwer. - 9781402023699 ; , s. 95-118
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this chapter we consider the role virtual conferencing has to play in realising a successful Inhabited Information Space (IIS). For any IIS to be successful it needs to weave together many different constituent elements and present these in a coherent and seamless manner. For example, Maher et al (2000) describe how many different components are used together to create a virtual design studio for architectural collaboration. For the IIS to function all the elements must work both individually and collectively. Communication is one of the basic building blocks for an IIS, and can be in many modes across many media. Approaches to virtual conferencing offer support for communication across a number of media and can be utilised in an IIS. These approaches are also starting to additionally offer support for collaboration. By providing an introduction to and overview of various possibilities for virtual conferencing we aim to show how these solutions can provide the required and appropriate support for communication and collaboration between inhabitants in a shared information space. Of course virtual conferencing solutions exist at many levels of sophistication and fidelity. Communication media can range from text through 3d graphics to video representations. The aim of this chapter is to present these many and varied possibilities, drawing on the experience of the author as well as insights into the past, present and future. In this way it is possible to see how diverse a range of IISes can make use of virtual conferencing functionality.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bång, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(author)
-
Mobile phone computing for in-situ cognitive-behavioral therapy
- 2007
-
In: MedINFO 2007,2007. - : IOS Press. - 9781586037741 ; , s. 1078-1082
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for psychological disorders is becoming increasingly popular on the Internet. However when using this workstation approach, components such as training and learning relaxation skills, problem solving, exposure exercises, and sleep management guidance must be done in the domestic environment. This paper describes design concepts for providing spatially explicit CBT with mobile phones. We reviewed and analyzed a set of treatment manuals to distinguish elements of CBT that can be improved and supported using mobile phone applications. The key advantage of mobile computing support in CBT is that multimedia can be applied to record, scale, and label anxiety-provoking situations where the need arises, which helps the CBT clients formulate and convey their thoughts and feelings to relatives and friends, as well as to therapists at subsequent treatment sessions.
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| 14. |
- Ekberg, Joakim, et al.
(author)
-
Impact of precautionary behaviors during outbreaks of pandemic influenza : modeling of regional differences
- 2009
-
In: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. - Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA : American Medical Informatics Association. - 1942-597X. ; 2009, s. 163-167
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using time geographic theory for representation of population mixing, we set out to analyze the relative impact from precautionary behaviors on outbreaks of pandemic influenza in Europe and Asia. We extended an existing simulator environment with behavioral parameters from a population survey to model different behaviors. We found that precautionary behaviors even among a minority of the population can have a decisive effect on the probability of the outbreak to propagate. The results also display that assumptions strongly influences the outcome. Depending on the interpretation of how many "children" are kept from "school", R(0) changes from a range where outbreak progression is possible to a range where it is improbable in both European (R(0)=1.77/1.23) and Asian (R(0)=1.70/1.05) conditions. We conclude that unprompted distancing can have a decisive effect on pandemic propagation. An important response strategy can be to promote voluntary precautionary behavior shown to reduce disease transmission.
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
A Flexible Simulation Architecture for Pandemic Influenza Simulation
- 2015
-
In: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. - : American Medical Informatics Association. - 1942-597X. ; 2015, s. 533-542
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simulation is an important resource for studying the dynamics of pandemic influenza and predicting the potential impact of interventions. However, there are several challenges for the design of such simulator architectures. Specifically, it is difficult to develop simulators that combine flexibility with run-time performance. This tradeoff is problematic in the pandemic-response setting because it makes it challenging to extend and adapt simulators for ongoing situations where rapid results are indispensable. Simulation architectures based on aspect-oriented programming can model specific concerns of the simulator and can allow developers to rapidly extend the simulator in new ways without sacrificing run-time performance. It is possible to use such aspects in conjunction with separate simulation models, which define community, disease, and intervention properties. The implication of this research for pandemic response is that aspects can add a novel layer of flexibility to simulation environments, which enables modelers to extend the simulator run-time component to new requirements that go beyond the original modeling framework.
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamic Multicore Processing for Pandemic Influenza Simulation.
- 2016
-
In: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. - : American Medical Informatics Association. ; , s. 534-540
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pandemic simulation is a useful tool for analyzing outbreaks and exploring the impact of variations in disease, population, and intervention models. Unfortunately, this type of simulation can be quite time-consuming especially for large models and significant outbreaks, which makes it difficult to run the simulations interactively and to use simulation for decision support during ongoing outbreaks. Improved run-time performance enables new applications of pandemic simulations, and can potentially allow decision makers to explore different scenarios and intervention effects. Parallelization of infection-probability calculations and multicore architectures can take advantage of modern processors to achieve significant run-time performance improvements. However, because of the varying computational load during each simulation run, which originates from the changing number of infectious persons during the outbreak, it is not useful to us the same multicore setup during the simulation run. The best performance can be achieved by dynamically changing the use of the available processor cores to balance the overhead of multithreading with the performance gains of parallelization.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Ontology based modeling of pandemic simulation
- 2007
-
In: MedINFO 2007,2007. - : IOS Press. - 9781586037741 ; , s. 755-759
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Computer-based simulation of influenza outbreaks in local communities can help researchers, epidemiologists, and decision makers better understand the impact of the community structure on the reproduction rate of disease, and the relative benefits of different types of prevention and interventions. The goal of scenario modeling is to develop a description of scenario components, such us the disease, the community and interventions. An ontology-based representation of the scenario model together with a modeling tool, which is based on an extension to Protege assist scenario developers in formulating simulation specifications. This approach allows the exploration of new ideas by rapidly formulating and reconstructing scenarios from novel components.
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| 18. |
- Fox, Anthony D., et al.
(author)
-
Current and potential threats to Nordic duck populations - a horizon scanning exercise
- 2015
-
In: Annales Zoologici Fennici. - 0003-455X .- 1797-2450. ; 52:4, s. 193-220
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review the current and future threats to duck populations that breed, stage, moult and/or winter in the Nordic countries. Migratory duck species are sensitive indicators of their changing environment, and their societal value confirms the need to translate signals from changes in their distribution, status and abundance into a better understanding of changes occurring in their wetland environments. We used expert opinion to highlight 25 major areas of anthropogenic change (and touch briefly on potential mitigation measures through nature restoration and reserve management projects) that we consider key issues likely to influence Nordic duck populations now and in the near future to stimulate debate, discussion and further research. We believe such reviews are essential in contributing to development of successful management policy as well as stimulating specific research to support the maintenance of duck species in favourable future conservation status in the face of multiple population pressures and drivers.
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| 19. |
- Fox, Anthony D., et al.
(author)
-
Current and potential threats to Nordic duck populations - a horizon scanning exercise
- 2015
-
In: Annales Zoologici Fennici. - : Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board. - 0003-455X. ; 52:4, s. 193-220
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review the current and future threats to duck populations that breed, stage, moult and/or winter in the Nordic countries. Migratory duck species are sensitive indicators of their changing environment, and their societal value confirms the need to translate signals from changes in their distribution, status and abundance into a better understanding of changes occurring in their wetland environments. We used expert opinion to highlight 25 major areas of anthropogenic change (and touch briefly on potential mitigation measures through nature restoration and reserve management projects) that we consider key issues likely to influence Nordic duck populations now and in the near future to stimulate debate, discussion and further research. We believe such reviews are essential in contributing to development of successful management policy as well as stimulating specific research to support the maintenance of duck species in favourable future conservation status in the face of multiple population pressures and drivers.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Gretarsdottir, Solveig, et al.
(author)
-
Genome-wide association study identifies a sequence variant within the DAB2IP gene conferring susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2010
-
In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:8, s. 71-692
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We performed a genome-wide association study on 1,292 individuals with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and 30,503 controls from Iceland and The Netherlands, with a follow-up of top markers in up to 3,267 individuals with AAAs and 7,451 controls. The A allele of rs7025486 on 9q33 was found to associate with AAA, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.21 and P = 4.6 x 10(-10). In tests for association with other vascular diseases, we found that rs7025486[A] is associated with early onset myocardial infarction (OR = 1.18, P = 3.1 x 10(-5)), peripheral arterial disease (OR = 1.14, P = 3.9 x 10(-5)) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 1.20, P = 0.00030), but not with intracranial aneurysm or ischemic stroke. No association was observed between rs7025486[A] and common risk factors for arterial and venous diseases-that is, smoking, lipid levels, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Rs7025486 is located within DAB2IP, which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival.
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| 23. |
- Haugen, Katarina, et al.
(author)
-
Changes in accessibility 1995-2005
- 2009
-
In: Paper presented at the NECTAR Cluster on Accessibility, Cagliari, Italy. - Cagliari.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 24. |
- Haugen, Katarina, et al.
(author)
-
Friska, småkrassliga och sjuka
- 2006
-
In: Sjukförsäkring, kulturer och attityder - Fyra aktörers perspektiv. - : Försäkringskassan. - 9175003392
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 25. |
- Haugen, Katarina, et al.
(author)
-
Individer, attityder och ohälsa
- 2006
-
In: Sjukförsäkring, kulturer och attityder - Fyra aktörers perspektiv. - : Försäkringskassan. - 9175003392
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 26. |
- Haugen, Katarina, et al.
(author)
-
Localised attitudes matter: a study of sickness absence in Sweden
- 2008
-
In: Population, Space and Place. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 14:3, s. 189-207
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The central issues explored in this article are the importance of geographical location in explaining the attitudes of individuals, and the interplay between these attitudes and overt behaviour. The context is as follows: In the late 1990's, sick-listings in Sweden underwent a substantial increase, causing the public expenses for the general sickness insurance to soar. Moreover, the extent of the usage of the insurance was found to vary significantly across different regions within the country. This development of the sickness insurance generally, and the regional differences specifically, have since been the subject of an intense debate. Differences and/or changes in attitudes toward sick leave within the population have been proposed as possible reasons for the regional variations. Much of the discussion has, however, been based on speculative arguments rather than empirical studies. Using data from a survey conducted in 2005, this research explores whether geographical location influences individual attitudes toward sick leave, and whether these attitudes in turn influence the sickness absence of individuals. The data are analysed using factor analysis, ordinary linear regressions and logistic regressions. The results provide some support for the idea that geographical factors matter to individual attitudes, and that variation in these attitudes is in turn associated with propensity for sickness absence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 27. |
- Haugen, Katarina, 1980-, et al.
(author)
-
Proximity, accessibility and choice : a matter of taste or condition?
- 2012
-
In: Papers in regional science (Print). - : Wiley. - 1056-8190 .- 1435-5957. ; 91:1, s. 65-84
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Drawing on a combination of register data and travel survey data, this research explores changes in the accessibility to different amenities for the Swedish population between 1995 and 2005, as well as the reasons behind the changes: redistribution of either amenities or the population. Overall, proximity has increased concerning most of the amenities during the period. However, despite decreasing 'potential' distances, actual travel distances are growing longer due to, for example, an increasing selectivity in preferences. An analysis of the accessibility development for service amenities shows that restructuring within the service sector is the main cause of the changes, and to a lesser extent population redistribution.
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| 28. |
- Haugen, Katarina, 1980-
(author)
-
The accessibility paradox : Everyday geographies of proximity, distance and mobility
- 2012
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis aims to explore the importance of proximity and mobility, respectively, for individuals’ accessibility, as well as the relationship between these two key spatial dimensions of accessibility in the context of everyday life. The thesis is based upon three empirical research papers which focus on accessibility-related preferences, actual accessibility conditions, and travel patterns. Focus is directed towards the spatial relationships between individuals’ residential location vis-à-vis the location of a selection of different amenities including work, education, service and leisure functions as well as social relations. The analyses are based on a wide range of quantitative data, including questionnaire surveys as well as official register data for the Swedish population. The first paper shows that residential proximity to amenities was most valued by individuals in the case of social relations and basic daily activities. The level of satisfaction with current accessibility conditions was generally high, with the exception of social relations where the findings suggest the existence of a ‘proximity deficit’. The second paper shows that observed average distances to most amenities have decreased over time (1995–2005). Concerning service amenities, the increases in proximity over the period were primarily due to a restructuring of the localization patterns within the service sector. A comparison of potential accessibility conditions and actual travel patterns revealed that people tend to travel farther than to the nearest amenity options, presumably to a large extent because of selective individual preferences, which may downplay the importance of distance in destination choice. The third paper shows that although the numerical supply of amenities within different spatial ranges has a significant influence on how far individuals travel for service errands, supply size alone is not sufficient for explaining travel length. The findings also suggest that although people tend to utilize the supply of amenities available locally, they are also willing to extend their travel distance in order to reach the amenity supply available within the region. Thus, even when there is a local supply, a rich regional supply may induce longer trips. A juxtaposition of the findings of the three empirical studies suggests the existence of an ‘accessibility paradox’ with several facets. First, although people express an affinity for residential proximity to many amenities, this is not necessarily reflected in actual destination choices, since minimization of travel distance is apparently not always a key criterion. This is also suggested by the conclusion that the spatial structure of the amenity supply alone accounts for only a relatively small part of the explanation of travel length, which is influenced by many other factors. In addition, actual travel distances show an increasing trend over time despite the concurrent reductions in potential distances. Second, the development over time indicates that the proximity deficit regarding social relations may be increasing in the sense that average distances have increased to many of the amenities considered important to have nearby, for instance adult children, but have decreased to those where proximity is not considered particularly important. Third, there is a discrepancy between the observed trend towards increased proximity to many amenities and much of the general discourse on accessibility, which tends to emphasize deteriorating conditions.
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| 29. |
- Helgadottir, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Apolipoprotein(a) Genetic Sequence Variants Associated With Systemic Atherosclerosis and Coronary Atherosclerotic Burden But Not With Venous Thromboembolism
- 2012
-
In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 60:8, s. 722-729
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives The purpose of this study is investigate the effects of variants in the apolipoprotein(a) gene (LPA) on vascular diseases with different atherosclerotic and thrombotic components. Background It is unclear whether the LPA variants rs10455872 and rs3798220, which correlate with lipoprotein(a) levels and coronary artery disease (CAD), confer susceptibility predominantly via atherosclerosis or thrombosis. Methods The 2 LPA variants were combined and examined as LPA scores for the association with ischemic stroke (and TOAST [Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment] subtypes) (effective sample size [n(e)] = 9,396); peripheral arterial disease (n(e) = 5,215); abdominal aortic aneurysm (ne = 4,572); venous thromboembolism (ne = 4,607); intracranial aneurysm (ne = 1,328); CAD (n(e) = 12,716), carotid intima-media thickness (n = 3,714), and angiographic CAD severity (n = 5,588). Results LPA score was associated with ischemic stroke subtype large artery atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27; p = 6.7 X 10(-4)), peripheral artery disease (OR: 1.47; p = 2.9 x 10(-14)), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR: 1.23; p = 6.0 x 10(-5)), but not with the ischemic stroke subtypes cardioembolism (OR: 1.03; p = 0.69) or small vessel disease (OR: 1.06; p = 0.52). Although the LPA variants were not associated with carotid intima-media thickness, they were associated with the number of obstructed coronary vessels (p = 4.8 x 10(-12)). Furthermore, CAD cases carrying LPA risk variants had increased susceptibility to atherosclerotic manifestations outside of the coronary tree (OR: 1.26; p = 0.0010) and had earlier onset of CAD (-1.58 years/allele; p = 8.2 x 10(-8)) than CAD cases not carrying the risk variants. There was no association of LPA score with venous thromboembolism (OR: 0.97; p = 0.63) or intracranial aneurysm (OR: 0.85; p = 0.15). Conclusions LPA sequence variants were associated with atherosclerotic burden, but not with primarily thrombotic phenotypes. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60: 722-9) (C) 2012 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Holm, Einar, 1942-
(author)
-
Att lokalisera utbildning, sysselsättning och boende
- 1984
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this study methods are developed for locating places of education, employment opportunities and housing.The first model allocates places for upper secondary (Am. High School) education in space with the aid of a location-allocation model using capacity constraints and distance-dependent demand. The solution is obtained by an heuristic node-swapping method. For each line of study it sets down the number of locations that could offer such courses, their physical location, their capacities and their geographical catchment areas. The educational resources are allocated according to a criteria that minimizes a weighted sum of geographical distances between the schools and their potential pupils, their applicants and the labour market. In connection with applications of the model, analyses suggest that the location and dimensioning of upper secondary education are primarily steered by the local pupil demand, secondly by the desire for an even regional allocation and thirdly by the demand from the local labour market.In the second model, government employment programmes are allocated among sectors of the economy and sub-districts within a municipality over time. The aim is to offer a sufficient number of employment opportunities for the lowest possible level of public expenditure - irrespective of which support sectors happened to have resources at their disposal at the time of investigation. Given frequencies of persons employed are sought for various groups of people, e.g. men, women, or peripheral residents in the municipality. One general result is that the existing allocation of support resources on sectors only yields less than half as many employment opportunities as could be provided with the same resource input allocated in a different way. Even with a more efficent resource allocation, the amount of support needs to be at least doubled in order to produce national average levels of employment over the long term, within the studied municipality.The third model represents a local housing market with a varying housing stock and population. The changes of accommodation are described for the individual households, giving information on preferences and restrictions. A large proportion of home moves are due to changes in the household composition, changes which are explained internally within the model. The model shows how the new production of housing should be distributed by types of dwelling in different geographically delimited areas over time. The individual's welfare losses during the wait for a new place to live and the costs of empty accommodation are weighed against each other in the allocation algorithm of the model. The model is qualitatively different from traditional models using aggregated data. However models with data on individuals, individual decision processes, and interplay between different actors can probably be developed into usable bases for decision.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Holm, Einar, et al.
(author)
-
Contagious social practice?
- 2004
-
In: Geografiska Annaler. ; 86B:4, s. 297-314
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 35. |
- Holm, Einar, 1942-, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamic microsimulation
- 2000
-
In: Spatial Models and GIS. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0748408460 ; , s. 143-165
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Holm, Einar, 1952-, et al.
(author)
-
Place, kinship, and employment
- 2018
-
In: Population, Space and Place. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1544-8444 .- 1544-8452. ; 24:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explores the magnitude and composition of kinship ties at Swedish workplaces. By analysing official register data and illustrating findings from interviews with HR personnel at different workplaces, the following questions are discussed: How much kinship concentration is there today on the labour market in a modern Western society such as Sweden? How is the kin‐based selection of workplace members structured by place? The study is based on an analysis of individually connected register information on all workplaces in Sweden in 2012. The number of individual links between relatives and couples at an average workplace amounts to 14% of the number of employees as derived from 310, 000 couples and pairs of relatives among 4.3 million workers. So, even today in Sweden, kinship is a common phenomenon observable for most workers at most workplaces. Of all such connected pairs of kin at workplaces, more than a third contain counterparts living in the same household. A non‐linear individual‐level regression reveals that population density in the vicinity of the workplace is substantially related to kin density. Large agglomerations seem to coexist with low kin density workplaces. Although some level of kin membership is unavoidable especially at workplaces in sparsely populated places, removing this part still reveals that kinship above an unavoidable level seems to exist. The study contributes to the discussion of kinship in workplaces by examining the magnitude and composition of kinship ties in the whole work force and complementing findings with interviews.
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| 40. |
- Holm, Einar, et al.
(author)
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Post- och teleutvecklingens drivkrafter och konsekvenser : En forskningsöversikt
- 1991
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport behandlar forskning om post- och teleutvecklingens drivkrafter och konsekvenser - geografiskt, ekonomiskt och socialt.Rapporten inleds med en allmän beskrivning av post- och telesektorerna idag, betydelsen av dem och en kotfattad översikt av olika efterfrågestudier. Därefter presenteras några förslag till prioritering av fortsatt forskning där forskningsförslagen delas in i 8 områden; (1) drivkrafter för teknisk utveckling, (2) drivkrafter för ekonomisk utveckling, (3) drivkrafter för efterfrågans utveckling, (4) drivkrafter för reglering och avreglering, (5) konsekvenser för individer och hushåll, (6) konsekvenser för företag och organisationer, (7) konsekvenser för regioner och länder, och (8) samspel med simuleringsmodell.Rapporten avslutas med en kommenterad bibliografi över aktuell forskning och utredning inom området, sorterad i bokstavsordning efter författare och efter ämne.
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| 41. |
- Holm, Einar, 1942-, et al.
(author)
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Simulating an entire nation
- 1996
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In: Microsimulation for urban and regional policy analysis. - London : Pion. - 0850861667 ; , s. 164-186
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Holm, Einar, et al.
(author)
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Spatial microsimulation models
- 2007
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In: Models in spatial analysis. - London, UK : ISTE. - 9781905209095 ; , s. 159-195
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 47. |
- Holm, Einar, et al.
(author)
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SVERIGE
- 2007
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In: Modelling our Future. - : Elsevier, Amsterdam. - 9780444530059 ; , s. 543-549
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Holm, Einar, et al.
(author)
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Tid för arbete
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
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