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- Hovén, Emma, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the PROMIS Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measures in clinical and nonclinical young adult populations
- 2023
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In: Sexual Medicine. - : Oxford University Press. - 2050-1161. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThe Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Sexual Function and Satisfaction (SexFS) version 2.0 measurement tool was developed to assess sexual functioning and satisfaction in the general population regardless of health condition and sexual orientation.AimThe study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the PROMIS SexFS measure in clinical and nonclinical populations of young adults (aged <40 years).MethodsThe SexFS was answered by a clinical population of young adult women (n = 180) and men (n = 110) with breast cancer and testicular cancer, respectively, and a nonclinical population of young adult women (n = 511) and men (n = 324) from the general population. Psychometric properties were evaluated by examining data quality (score distribution, floor and ceiling effects, proportion of missing data), construct validity (corrected item, total correlation, scaling success), and reliability (Cronbach α).OutcomesThe following domains of the SexFS 2.0 were investigated: Vaginal Lubrication, Vaginal Discomfort, Vulvar Discomfort- Clitoral, Vulvar Discomfort- Labial, Erectile Function, Interest in Sexual Activity, Satisfaction With Sex Life, Orgasm– Ability, and Orgasm- Pleasure.ResultsThe Swedish version of the SexFS 2.0 generated data of acceptable quality. Some noteworthy floor or ceiling effects were identified across domains and respondent groups. Corrected item totals were used to express the coherence between an item and the other items in the domain. The correlation coefficients were above 0.40 for all items, except for 1 of the items within the Vaginal Discomfort domain and for the items in the Erectile Function domain in the nonclinical group of men. High proportions of scaling success were noted across domains (96%-100%). Reliability was satisfactory (α = 0.74-0.92) for all domains, expect for Erectile Function of the nonclinical group (α = 0.53), due to low variability in item responses, which was improved somewhat (α = 0.65) when combined with the clinical group.Clinical ImplicationsA flexible tool to measure self-reported sexual function and satisfaction in young men and women is available for researchers and clinicians in Sweden.Strengths and LimitationsThe nationwide population-based sample of patients with cancer, identified from national quality registers, minimized selection bias. However, men in the general population had a lower response rate (34%) compared to the other groups, which introduced a risk of bias in estimates. The psychometric evaluation was limited to young adults (aged 19-40 years).ConclusionThe results provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the SexFS measure for the assessment of sexual functioning and satisfaction in young adults from both clinical and nonclinical populations.
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- Anclair, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Parental fears following their child's brain tumor diagnosis and treatment.
- 2009
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In: Journal of pediatric oncology nursing : official journal of the Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses. - : SAGE Publications. - 1043-4542 .- 1532-8457. ; 26:2, s. 68-74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study is to portray the illness-related threats experienced by parents of children after the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Parents were asked to rate the extent to which they experienced a set of specific fears related to their child's brain tumor and its treatment. Outcomes for parents of CNS tumor patients (n = 82) were compared with those of reference parents of patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 208). The fears about an illness recurrence and the late effects of treatment were most prominent among parents of CNS tumor patients. For 7 out of 11 kinds of fear, parents of CNS tumor patients expressed a stronger fear than the reference group. More than a quarter of the parents of children treated for CNS tumors feared a complete decline of the child. Parents of CNS tumor patients experience relatively heightened cancer related fears in several domains. The fear of devastating consequences felt by one fourth of parents signals the need of individualized psychological support and information at diagnosis and follow-up to facilitate parental coping with the posttreatment situation.
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- Boman, K K, et al.
(author)
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Health and persistent functional late effects in adult survivors of childhood CNS tumours: a population-based cohort study.
- 2009
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In: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 45:14, s. 2552-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumours are particularly vulnerable to tumour- and treatment-related disability. We present the incidence of specific and overall functional and health-related late effects in a national adult survivor cohort. Diagnostic subgroups at particular risk for persistent sequels are identified. Data collection targeted 708 eligible >18 years old survivors, 708 parent proxies and 1000 general population controls. Functional disability including sensory and cognitive impairment, emotional status and pain was assessed using the Health Utilities Index Mark 2/3 (HUI2/3). Survivors and controls, and diagnostic subgroups were contrasted to identify the general and relative risk for late effects by sub-diagnosis. Survivors had persistent late effects in sensation, mobility, self-care and cognition. Deficits in these domains indicated clinically important disability in overall health, although indices of emotion and pain were unaffected compared to controls. Late effects tended to aggravate with time, and female survivors had poorer health. Oligodendroglioma, mixed/unspecified glioma, intracranial germ cell tumour and medulloblastoma survivors had poorest overall health. Least late effects were found for other specified/unspecified CNS tumours (including meningeoma and nerve sheath tumours), and for astrocytoma. An impact on educational, vocational and family-related outcomes, and higher utilisation of social insurance or government subsidies validated health-related sequelae in adulthood. Comparisons with controls confirm persistent disability in multiple functional domains in adult CNS tumour survivors. The heightened proportion of survivors presenting severe disability is a factor that specifically differentiates survivors from controls, although diagnostic subgroups differ significantly regarding the amount and severity of late effects.
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- Carli, V, et al.
(author)
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The association between pathological internet use and comorbid psychopathology: a systematic review
- 2013
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In: Psychopathology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-033X .- 0254-4962. ; 46:1, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Pathological Internet use (PIU) has been conceptualized as an impulse-control disorder that shares characteristics with behavioral addiction. Research has indicated a potential link between PIU and psychopathology; however, the significance of the correlation remains ambiguous. The primary objective of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate studies performed on the correlation between PIU and comorbid psychopathology; the secondary aims were to map the geographical distribution of studies, present a current synthesis of the evidence, and assess the quality of available research. <b><i>Sampling and Methods:</i></b> An electronic literature search was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsychINFO, Global Health, and Web of Science. PIU and known synonyms were included in the search. Data were extracted based on PIU and psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive symptoms, social phobia and hostility/aggression. Effect sizes for the correlations observed were identified from either the respective publication or calculated using Cohen’s <i>d</i> or <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>. The potential effect of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot model and evaluated by Egger’s test based on a linear regression. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The majority of research was conducted in Asia and comprised cross-sectional designs. Only one prospective study was identified. Twenty articles met the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria; 75% reported significant correlations of PIU with depression, 57% with anxiety, 100% with symptoms of ADHD, 60% with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and 66% with hostility/aggression. No study reported associations between PIU and social phobia. The majority of studies reported a higher rate of PIU among males than females. The relative risks ranged from an OR of 1.02 to an OR of 11.66. The strongest correlations were observed between PIU and depression; the weakest was hostility/aggression. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Depression and symptoms of ADHD appeared to have the most significant and consistent correlation with PIU. Associations were reported to be higher among males in all age groups. Limitations included heterogeneity in the definition and diagnosis of PIU. More studies with prospective designs in Western countries are critically needed.
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- Gambadauro, Pietro, et al.
(author)
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Correlates of sexual initiation among European adolescents
- 2018
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundSexuality is a physiological component of adolescent development, though early initiation is associated with reproductive health risk. This study aimed at identifying correlates and predictors of sexual initiation in a large multinational cohort of European adolescents.MethodsA questionnaire addressing socio-demographics, behaviours, mental health and sexual activity, was delivered to 11,110 adolescents recruited from 168 randomly selected schools in 10 European countries between 2009 and 2011. A follow-up questionnaire was delivered after 12 months. The longitudinal association of baseline risk behaviors, psychological attributes and contextual vulnerabilities, with sexual initiation during follow-up was evaluated through simple and multivariable age/sex stratified logistic regression. Multinomial logistic regression measured the association between predictors and sexual initiation with or without coexisting reproductive risk factors, such as multiple partners or infrequent condom use.ResultsBaseline sexual experience was reported by 19.2% of 10,757 respondents (median age 15; IQR 14–15; females 59.6%). This was significantly more frequent among pupils older than 15 (41%) and males (20.8%). Of 7,111 pupils without previous experience who were available at follow-up (response rate 81.8%), 17% reported sexual initiation, without differences between females and males. Baseline smoking (age/sex adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.63), alcohol use (aOR 2.95), illegal drugs use (aOR 2.72), and poor sleep (aOR 1.71) predicted sexual initiation. Stratified analyses showed a particularly strong association in case of younger and female pupils, and, among girls, when initiation was reported together with multiple partners and/or infrequent condom use. Externalizing (i.e. conduct and hyperactivity) symptoms independently predicted sexual initiation. Internalizing difficulties (i.e. emotional and peer problems) were negatively associated with early and risky sexual initiation among boys. Significant predictors included also being bullied, fighting, truancy, and low parental involvement.ConclusionsAdolescent sexual behaviours are related to non-sexual risk behaviours, psychological difficulties and contextual vulnerabilities. While gateway effects explain some associations, a comprehensive model is needed to understand adolescent sexual behaviours, their physical, mental, and social health outcomes, and their potential positive effects on wellbeing. Tailored interventions may need to consider younger girls as a particularly vulnerable group in view of a strong association between non-sexual and sexual behaviors.
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- Hoven, E., et al.
(author)
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Information needs of survivors and families after childhood CNS tumor treatment: a population-based study
- 2018
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:5, s. 649-657
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: This study examines information needs and satisfaction with provided information among childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumor survivors and their parents.Material and methods: In a population-based sample of 697 adult survivors in Sweden, 518 survivors and 551 parents provided data. Information needs and satisfaction with information were studied using a multi-dimensional standardized questionnaire addressing information-related issues.Results: Overall, 52% of the survivors and 48% of the parents reported no, or only minor, satisfaction with the extent of provided information, and 51% of the survivors expressed a need for more information than provided. The information received was found useful (to some extent/very much) by 53%, while 47% did not find it useful, or to a minor degree only. Obtaining written material was associated with greater satisfaction and usefulness of information. Dissatisfaction with information was associated with longer time since diagnosis, poorer current health status and female sex. The survivors experienced unmet information needs vis-a-vis late effects, illness education, rehabilitation and psychological services. Overall, parents were more dissatisfied than the survivors.Conclusion: These findings have implications for improvements in information delivery. Information in childhood CNS tumor care and follow-up should specifically address issues where insufficiency was identified, and recognize persistent and with time changing needs at the successive stages of long-term survivorship.
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- Snir, A, et al.
(author)
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Explicit Motives, Antecedents, and Consequences of Direct Self-Injurious Behaviors
- 2018
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In: Crisis. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 2151-2396 .- 0227-5910. ; 39:4, s. 255-266
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract. Background: Self-injurious behaviors in adolescence are a serious public health concern. Aims: The current study aims to expand our understanding of motives for direct self-injurious behaviors (D-SIB). We examined the explicit motives but also the actual antecedents and consequences of D-SIB over time. Method: As part of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) study, adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 years from Israel completed self-report questionnaires at baseline, 3-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Results: Decreases in social support predicted later increases in D-SIB, an effect mediated by negative affect. Both peer and parental support also exerted quadratic effects on D-SIB. Thus, low as well as high support predicted subsequent D-SIB. In turn, D-SIB was followed by increased peer and parental support. Limitations: Our methodology relies on self-reports, affected by social desirability and recall biases. Conclusion: The findings support a causal path for the development of D-SIB: from interpersonal distress to emotional distress and then to D-SIB. They also point to interesting avenues regarding subgroupings of adolescents who self-injure depending on their motives. Finally, our results reveal that D-SIB, although of negative import, might paradoxically be effective in serving certain functions such as gaining support from parents and peers.
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- van den Hoven, M J, et al.
(author)
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Reduction of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane by heparanase does not lead to proteinuria
- 2008
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In: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 73:3, s. 278-287
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Heparan sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane has been considered crucial for charge-selective filtration. In many proteinuric diseases, increased glomerular expression of heparanase is associated with decreased heparan sulfate. Here, we used mice overexpressing heparanase and evaluated the expression of different heparan sulfate domains in the kidney and other tissues measured with anti-heparan sulfate antibodies. Glycosaminoglycan-associated anionic sites were visualized by the cationic dye cupromeronic blue. Transgenic mice showed a differential loss of heparan sulfate domains in several tissues. An unmodified and a sulfated heparan sulfate domain resisted heparanase action in vivo and in vitro. Glycosaminoglycan-associated anionic sites were reduced about fivefold in the glomerular basement membrane of transgenic mice, whereas glomerular ultrastructure and renal function remained normal. Heparanase-resistant heparan sulfate domains may represent remnant chains or chains not susceptible to cleavage. Importantly, the strong reduction of glycosaminoglycan-associated anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane without development of a clear renal phenotype questions the primary role of heparan sulfate in charge-selective filtration. We cannot, however, exclude that overexpression of heparanase and heparan sulfate loss in the basement membrane in glomerular diseases contributes to proteinuria.
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