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- Bailey, S. C. C., et al.
(author)
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Obtaining accurate mean velocity measurements in high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers using Pitot tubes
- 2013
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In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-1120 .- 1469-7645. ; 715, s. 642-670
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article reports on one component of a larger study on measurement of the zero-pressure-gradient turbulent flat plate boundary layer, in which a detailed investigation was conducted of the suite of corrections required for mean velocity measurements performed using Pitot tubes. In particular, the corrections for velocity shear across the tube and for blockage effects which occur when the tube is in close proximity to the wall were investigated using measurements from Pitot tubes of five different diameters, in two different facilities, and at five different Reynolds numbers ranging from Reθ = 11 100 to 67 000. Only small differences were found amongst commonly used corrections for velocity shear, but improvements were found for existing near-wall proximity corrections. Corrections for the nonlinear averaging of the velocity fluctuations were also investigated, and the results compared to hot-wire data taken as part of the same measurement campaign. The streamwise turbulence-intensity correction was found to be of comparable magnitude to that of the shear correction, and found to bring the hot-wire and Pitot results into closer agreement when applied to the data, along with the other corrections discussed and refined here.
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- Breitbarth, E., et al.
(author)
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Iron biogeochemistry across marine systems : progress from the past decade
- 2010
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In: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 7:3, s. 1075-1097
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on an international workshop (Gothenburg, 14-16 May 2008), this review article aims to combine interdisciplinary knowledge from coastal and open ocean research on iron biogeochemistry. The major scientific findings of the past decade are structured into sections on natural and artificial iron fertilization, iron inputs into coastal and estuarine systems, colloidal iron and organic matter, and biological processes. Potential effects of global climate change, particularly ocean acidification, on iron biogeochemistry are discussed. The findings are synthesized into recommendations for future research areas
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- Breitbarth, Eike, et al.
(author)
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Iron biogeochemistry across marine systems – progress from the past decade
- 2010
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In: Biogeosciences. - 1726-4170. ; 7, s. 1075-1097
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on an international workshop (Gothenburg, 14–16 May 2008), this review article aims to combine interdisciplinary knowledge from coastal and open ocean research on iron biogeochemistry. The major scientific findings of the past decade are structured into sections on natural and artificial iron fertilization, iron inputs into coastal and estuarine systems, colloidal iron and organic matter, and biological processes. Potential effects of global climate change, particularly ocean acidification, on iron biogeochemistry are discussed. The findings are synthesized into recommendations for future research areas.
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| 9. |
- Dingemanse, M., et al.
(author)
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Beyond Single-Mindedness: A Figure-Ground Reversal for the Cognitive Sciences
- 2023
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In: Cognitive Science. - : Wiley. - 0364-0213 .- 1551-6709. ; 47:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A fundamental fact about human minds is that they are never truly alone: all minds are steeped in situated interaction. That social interaction matters is recognized by any experimentalist who seeks to exclude its influence by studying individuals in isolation. On this view, interaction complicates cognition. Here, we explore the more radical stance that interaction co-constitutes cognition: that we benefit from looking beyond single minds toward cognition as a process involving interacting minds. All around the cognitive sciences, there are approaches that put interaction center stage. Their diverse and pluralistic origins may obscure the fact that collectively, they harbor insights and methods that can respecify foundational assumptions and fuel novel interdisciplinary work. What might the cognitive sciences gain from stronger interactional foundations? This represents, we believe, one of the key questions for the future. Writing as a transdisciplinary collective assembled from across the classic cognitive science hexagon and beyond, we highlight the opportunity for a figure-ground reversal that puts interaction at the heart of cognition. The interactive stance is a way of seeing that deserves to be a key part of the conceptual toolkit of cognitive scientists.
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- Riazifar, M., et al.
(author)
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Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Nanotherapeutics for Autoimmune and Neurodegenerative Disorders
- 2019
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In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 13:6, s. 6670-6688
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To dissect therapeutic mechanisms of transplanted stem cells and develop exosome-based nanotherapeutics in treating autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, we assessed the effect of exosomes secreted from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating multiple sclerosis using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. We found that intravenous administration of exosomes produced by MSCs stimulated by IFN (IFN-Exo) (i) reduced the mean clinical score of EAE mice compared to PBS control, (ii) reduced demyelination, (iii) decreased neuroinflammation, and (iv) upregulated the number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the spinal cords of EAE mice. Co-culture of IFN-Exo with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cells in vitro reduced PBMC proliferation and levels of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokines including IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-17AF, and IL-22 yet increased levels of immunosuppressive cytokine indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. IFN-Exo could also induce Tregs in vitro in a murine splenocyte culture, likely mediated by a third-party accessory cell type. Further, IFN-Exo characterization by deep RNA sequencing suggested that IFN-Exo contains anti-inflammatory RNAs, where their inactivation partially hindered the exosomes potential to induce Tregs. Furthermore, we found that IFN-Exo harbors multiple anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective proteins. These results not only shed light on stem cell therapeutic mechanisms but also provide evidence that MSC-derived exosomes can potentially serve as cell-free therapies in creating a tolerogenic immune response to treat autoimmune and central nervous system disorders. © 2019 American Chemical Society.
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| 11. |
- Hawkes, Jeffrey A., et al.
(author)
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An international laboratory comparison of dissolved organic matter composition by high resolution mass spectrometry : Are we getting the same answer?
- 2020
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In: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1541-5856. ; 18:6, s. 235-258
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a vital tool for dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization. The upward trend in HRMS analysis of DOM presents challenges in data comparison and interpretation among laboratories operating instruments with differing performance and user operating conditions. It is therefore essential that the community establishes metric ranges and compositional trends for data comparison with reference samples so that data can be robustly compared among research groups. To this end, four identically prepared DOM samples were each measured by 16 laboratories, using 17 commercially purchased instruments, using positive-ion and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) HRMS analyses. The instruments identified similar to 1000 common ions in both negative- and positive-ion modes over a wide range of m/z values and chemical space, as determined by van Krevelen diagrams. Calculated metrics of abundance-weighted average indices (H/C, O/C, aromaticity and m/z) of the commonly detected ions showed that hydrogen saturation and aromaticity were consistent for each reference sample across the instruments, while average mass and oxygenation were more affected by differences in instrument type and settings. In this paper we present 32 metric values for future benchmarking. The metric values were obtained for the four different parameters from four samples in two ionization modes and can be used in future work to evaluate the performance of HRMS instruments.
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