| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
- Gericke, Sabrina M., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Different In2O3(111) Surface Terminations on CO2 Adsorption
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 15:38, s. 45367-45377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In2O3-based catalysts have shown high activity and selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol; however, the origin of the high performance of In2O3 is still unclear. To elucidate the initial steps of CO2 hydrogenation over In2O3, we have combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to study the adsorption of CO2 on the In2O3(111) crystalline surface with different terminations, namely, the stoichiometric, reduced, and hydroxylated surface. The combined approach confirms that the reduction of the surface results in the formation of In adatoms and that water dissociates on the surface at room temperature. A comparison of the experimental spectra and the computed core-level shifts (using methanol and formic acid as benchmark molecules) suggests that CO2 adsorbs as a carbonate on all three surface terminations. We find that the adsorption of CO2 is hindered by hydroxyl groups on the hydroxylated surface.
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| 4. |
- Cook, Michael J., et al.
(författare)
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Frailty and bone health in European men
- 2017
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 46:4, s. 635-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: frailty is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. Less is known, however, about the association between frailty and bone health.Methods: men aged 40-79 years were recruited from population registers in eight European centres for participation in the European Male Aging Study. Subjects completed a comprehensive assessment which included quantitative ultrasound (QUS) scan of the heel (Hologic-SAHARA) and in two centres, dual-energy bone densitometry (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, DXA). Frailty was defined based on an adaptation of Fried's phenotype criteria and a frailty index (FI) was constructed. The association between frailty and the QUS and DXA parameters was determined using linear regression, with adjustments for age, body mass index and centre.Results: in total, 3,231 subjects contributed data to the analysis. Using the Fried categorisation of frailty, pre-frail and frail men had significantly lower speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) compared to robust men (P< 0.05). Similar results were seen using the FI after categorisation into 'high', 'medium' and 'low' levels of frailty. Using the Fried categorisation, frail men had lower femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) compared to robust men (P < 0.05), but not lower lumbar spine BMD. Using the FI categorisation, a 'high' level of frailty (FI > 0.35) was associated with lower lumbar spine BMD (P < 0.05) when compared to those with low (FI < 0.2), but not lower femoral neck BMD. When analysed as a continuous variable, higher FI was linked with lower SOS, BUA and QUI (P < 0.05).Conclusions: optimisation of bone health as well as prevention of falls should be considered as strategies to reduce fractures in frail older people.
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| 5. |
- Gericke, Sabrina M., et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of Different In 2 O 3 (111) Surface Terminations on CO 2 Adsorption
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. - 1944-8252 .- 1944-8244. ; 15:38, s. 45367-45377
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In2O3-based catalysts have shown high activity and selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol; however, the origin of the high performance of In2O3 is still unclear. To elucidate the initial steps of CO2 hydrogenation over In2O3, we have combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to study the adsorption of CO2 on the In2O3(111) crystalline surface with different terminations, namely, the stoichiometric, reduced, and hydroxylated surface. The combined approach confirms that the reduction of the surface results in the formation of In adatoms and that water dissociates on the surface at room temperature. A comparison of the experimental spectra and the computed core-level shifts (using methanol and formic acid as benchmark molecules) suggests that CO2 adsorbs as a carbonate on all three surface terminations. We find that the adsorption of CO2 is hindered by hydroxyl groups on the hydroxylated surface.
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| 6. |
- Slieker, Roderick C, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We identify biomarkers for disease progression in three type 2 diabetes cohorts encompassing 2,973 individuals across three molecular classes, metabolites, lipids and proteins. Homocitrulline, isoleucine and 2-aminoadipic acid, eight triacylglycerol species, and lowered sphingomyelin 42:2;2 levels are predictive of faster progression towards insulin requirement. Of ~1,300 proteins examined in two cohorts, levels of GDF15/MIC-1, IL-18Ra, CRELD1, NogoR, FAS, and ENPP7 are associated with faster progression, whilst SMAC/DIABLO, SPOCK1 and HEMK2 predict lower progression rates. In an external replication, proteins and lipids are associated with diabetes incidence and prevalence. NogoR/RTN4R injection improved glucose tolerance in high fat-fed male mice but impaired it in male db/db mice. High NogoR levels led to islet cell apoptosis, and IL-18R antagonised inflammatory IL-18 signalling towards nuclear factor kappa-B in vitro. This comprehensive, multi-disciplinary approach thus identifies biomarkers with potential prognostic utility, provides evidence for possible disease mechanisms, and identifies potential therapeutic avenues to slow diabetes progression.
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| 7. |
- Bijelic, Goran, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption characteristics of brush polyelectrolytes on silicon oxynitride revealed by dual polarisation interferometry
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 348, s. 189-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adsorption properties of bottle-brush polyelectrolytes have been investigated using dual polarization interferometry (DPI), which provides real time monitoring of adsorbed layer thickness and refractive index. The adsorption on silicon oxynitride was carried out from aqueous solution with no added inorganic salt, and the adsorbed polyelectrolyte layer was subsequently rinsed with NaCl solutions of increasing concentration. The bottle-brush polyelectrolytes investigated in this study have different ratios of permanent cationic charged segments and uncharged PEO side chains. Both the cationic groups and the PEO side chains have affinity for silica-like surfaces, and thus contribute to the adsorption process that becomes rather complex. Adsorption properties in water, responses to changes in ionic strength of the surrounding medium, adsorption kinetics and the layer structure are all strongly dependent on the ratio between backbone charges and side chains. The results are interpreted in terms of competitive adsorption of segments with different chemical nature. The adsorption kinetics is relatively fast, taking only tens to hundreds of seconds when adsorbed from dilute 100 ppm solutions. The DPI technique was found to be suitable for studying such rapid adsorption processes, including determination of the initial adsorption kinetics. We expect that the effects observed in this study are of general importance for synthetic and biological polymers carrying segments of different nature.
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| 8. |
- Reverté, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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National records of 3000 European bee and hoverfly species : A contribution to pollinator conservation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Insect Conservation and Diversity. - 1752-458X. ; 16:6, s. 758-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access. As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non-native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups. After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies. Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation.
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| 9. |
- Shovsky, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption and Solution Properties of Bottle-Brush Polyelectrolyte Complexes : Effect of Molecular Weight and Stoichiometry
- 2012
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 28:16, s. 6618-6631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) self-assembled from bottle-brush polyelectrolytes, having a cationic main chain and uncharged side chains, and linear anionic sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS) have been investigated with emphasis on (i) the charge density and side chain density of the bottle-brush polyelectrolyte, (ii) the molecular weight of NaPSS, and (iii) the charge stoichiometry of the mixture. Light scattering and electrophoretic mobility data demonstrate that small molecular complexes are formed when the PEO45 side chain density is sufficiently high to provide steric stabilization and prevent PEC aggregation. The adsorption of PECs on negatively charged silicon oxynitride was investigated using dual polarization interferometry, and the time evolution of the adsorbed amount and thickness was determined. Cationic, uncharged, and negatively charged complexes all adsorb to negatively charged silicon oxynitride, and maximum adsorption is achieved for positively charged complexes containing small amounts of PSS. The adsorbed amount and the kinetics of adsorption are reduced with increasing PSS content, and for any given stoichiometry with increasing PSS molecular weight. These findings are discussed in terms of the PEC structure and the ability of anionic polyelectrolytes to leave the PECs during adsorption.
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| 10. |
- Shovsky, Alexander V., et al.
(författare)
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Formation and stability of soluble stochiometric polyelectrolyte complexes: Effects of charge density and polyelectrolyte concentration
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0193-2691 .- 1532-2351. ; 30:6, s. 980-988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sterically stabilized polyelectrolyte complexes with stoichiometric composition between oppositely charged synthetic polyelectrolytes carrying strong ionic groups and significantly different molecular weights have been prepared. Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) was used as polyanion and a range of brush copolymers with various molar ratio (X = 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25) of the poly-methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride poly(METAC) and the nonionic poly (ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate poly(PEO45MEMA) were used as polycations. Formation and stability of PECs have been investigated by dynamic and static light scattering (LS), turbidity and electrophoretic mobility measurements as a function of polyelectrolyte solution concentration and charge density of the cationic polyelectrolyte. The data obtained suggest that the PEO45- rich systems, NaPSS/PEO45MEMA:METAC-25 and NaPSS/PEO45MEMA: METAC-50, form small, water-soluble, molecular complexes having nonspherical shape. The PEO45-poor NaPSS/PEG45MEMA:METAC-75 form turbid colloidal dispersions, whereas insoluble PECs were revealed for the PEO45-free NaPSS/METAC system. The aggregation level of the PEO45-poor systems is mainly controlled by the concentration of the component solutions used for the preparation of PECs, whereas the aggregation of PEO45-rich nanoparticles is prevented by means of steric stabilization. Electrophoretic mobility data indicate a close to charge neutral state of the generated polyelectrolyte complexes.
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| 11. |
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