| 1. |
- Isaksson, Sven, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Arkeologiska undersökningar av Birkas försvunna stadsvall, fornlämning L2017:1568, Raä 119:1, Svarta jorden, Björkö, Adelsö sn, Ekerö kn, Uppland, maj 2018 och maj 2019
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a report of archaeological investigations, excavations and geochemical propections, in search for the today lost part of the town rampart of the Viking Age site Birka in eastern central Sweden, conducted by the Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, in 2018-2019. The results show, for the first time ever, evidence of a town rampart with an associated defensive ditch in the investigated portion of the town perimeter. This is inferred to be the result of deliberate choices to build different types of defensive structures with regard to the varying terrain in different sections around Birka, indicating explicit tactical considerations when choosing construction technology.
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| 2. |
- Isaksson, Sven, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Birkas norra hamnområden : Arkeologiska undersökningar av maritim lämning inom Gravfält L2017:1904, Birka, Björkö, Adelsö sn, Up., maj 2022
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the results of archaeological investigations of maritime remains on the northern part of Björkö in Lake Mälaren, in connection with L2017:1904, Adelsö parish, in Uppland. The investigations included surveys, geochemical analyses and excavations as well as a topographic investigation of the so-called Salviksgropen. The results of a ground penetrating radar survey and an osteoarchaeological analysis of the bone material from the 2020-2021 excavations of a shipyard site are also discussed. The investigations were carried out by the Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical studies at Stockholm University. The results show that the stone row, which in the previous survey was referred to as the possible remains of a jetty or boat landing site, probably constituted a breakwater, as well as a landing site, that was constructed to protect the adjacent shipyard site. The osteological analysis shows that the bone material consists of food remains, and a possible place for food preparation is indicated by the soil chemical analyses. The same analysis also points to a possible site for blacksmithing activities associated with the shipyard site. The georadar survey shows traces of ploughed-over burial mounds, indicating that the cemetery Hemlanden surrounded the shipyard site on all sides. The height mapping of the potential harbour arms at Salviksgropen shows that these, as they look today, are too low in the landscape in relation to the maritime remains at Korshamn to have had this function.
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| 3. |
- Isaksson, Sven, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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En vikingatida varvsplats vid Kugghamn, Birka : Arkeologiska undersökningar av L2022:2719, Birka, Björkö,Adelsö socken, Uppland, augusti 2020 och 2021
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Viking Age shipyard at Kugghamn, Birka.This is a report of an archaeological investigation of maritime remains close to and connected to the Viking Age town of Birka on Björkö, Uppland, Sweden. The investigations included surveys using GNSS receivers and drones, geochemical mapping, and the excavation of four trenches, carried out in August 2020 and August 2021. The investigations were carried out by the Archaeological Research Laboratory (AFL), Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University. The results show that there was an extensive maritime cultural landscape on the northern part of Björkö, which is rich in remains of different character. One of these remains was investigated in detail by the excavation of four trenches. The feature consists of a dug-out hollow, lined with stones at sides and bottom. Evidence of a wooden contraction was found in the bottom of the hollow in the form of small post-holes, and a stone-frame at the mouth of the hollow towards the waterfront. This is interpreted as the remains of a boat slipway. Rivets, both used and unused, tools for carpentry, and slate whetstones, dominate among the finds and mirror the activities of the site. All is interpreted as evidence for a boat repair site with an associated boat slipway. Finds of e.g. glass beads contemporary with the town Birka, provides a general dating of the remains, possibly with an emphasis towards its later phases of the town. This maritime construction is a unique find with few parallels, but fits well with the other maritime remains in the area. In order to understand its function and dating, it is vital to continue investigations in this important area of Björkö.
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| 15. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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The Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form : Psychometric evaluation in one non-clinical and two clinical Swedish samples
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 30:3, s. 631-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-compassion has been defined as the ability to be with one's feelings of suffering in a warm and caring way. Research has shown a negative association between self-compassion and mental illness, and that low self-compassion can make psychotherapeutic effects less likely. The ability to measure a patient's self-compassion in a fast and reliable way is therefore important in investigating effects of psychotherapies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) in both non-clinical (NC) and clinical samples.Methods: Cross-sectional data were gathered in a NC community sample (n = 1,089), an eating disorder (ED) sample (n = 253) and a borderline personality disorder (BPD) sample (n = 151). All participants were asked to complete a number of questionnaires, including the SCS-SF, and 121 participants in the NC sample repeated the assessment after 2 weeks for test-retest analysis.Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported the first-order model suggested in previous research. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78-0.87) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.84) were demonstrated for the entire scale. Results also showed good convergent validity, demonstrating moderate negative associations between self-compassion and mental illnesses, as expected, and acceptable divergent validity, demonstrating weak positive associations between self-compassion and quality of life and mindfulness.Discussion: The correlations between the SCS-SF and the instruments used for validation were weaker in the clinical samples than the NC sample. This may be due to difficulties measuring these constructs or that the associations differ somewhat between different populations, which could warrant further research. The results added some support to the assumption that self-compassion may overlap with mindfulness yet still represents a distinct construct.Conclusions: Analyses of the SCS-SF provided evidence of adequate to good psychometric properties, supporting use of the scale's total sum score and a first-order factor structure. This is in accordance with previous evaluations of the SCS-SF, suggesting that it is a reliable and time-efficient instrument for measuring a general level of self-compassion. This may be important when evaluating psychotherapy and investigating self-compassion and its influence on psychiatric illness.
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| 16. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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The self-efficacy in distress tolerance scale (SE-DT) : a psychometric evaluation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2051-6673. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Skills training is believed to be essential in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and is also offered as a standalone intervention. There is a need to better understand each skills module's separate contribution to treatment outcomes. Several assessment instruments are available, but none of them provides specific information about patients' perceived ability to use skills promoting distress tolerance. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) for skills use in distress tolerance - the Self-Efficacy in Distress Tolerance scale (SE-DT).Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were gathered in a non-clinical (NC) community sample (n = 407) and a clinical psychiatric (CP) sample (n = 46). Participants in the NC sample were asked to complete a set of 19 self-report instruments, including the SE-DT, and 45 participants repeated the assessment after 2 weeks. The patients in the CP sample filled out a subset of eight instruments; twenty patients repeated the assessment after completing a treatment intervention including mindfulness skills and distress tolerance skills or emotion regulation skills.Results: The analyses showed that the SE-DT is unidimensional with high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .92) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation = .74). The SE-DT also showed good convergent and divergent validity, demonstrating positive correlations with general self-efficacy and self-compassion, and negative correlations with difficulties in emotion regulation, psychiatric symptoms, and borderline symptoms. The SE-DT showed sensitivity to change, when pre- and post-treatment assessments were compared (Cohen's d = 0.82).Discussion: This is preliminary evidence that the SE-DT has adequate to good psychometric properties, supporting the use of a total sum score. The results indicate that the SE-DT can adequately measure the construct of self-efficacy with regard to dealing with distress and emotional crises. The instrument enables continued investigation of standalone skills training and the specific contribution of distress tolerance skills to treatment outcomes in DBT. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these results are valid in other populations. In addition, the field would benefit from a common definition of distress tolerance.
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| 17. |
- Anders, Isaksson, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional theory and contracting in venture capital : the Swedish experience
- 2004
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Ingår i: Venture Capital. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1369-1066 .- 1464-5343. ; 6:1, s. 47-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper tests the tenets of institutional theory by means of an empirical study of the contractual strategies applied in the Swedish venture capital industry. Venture capitalists differ in, for example, their preferences for early or later stage investments. Some have more experience than others and some are employed by public funds while others work in non-public funds. The sector, however, was expected to be relatively homogeneous due to the small size of the industry and the cultural milieu in which it is located. This homogeneity was tested regarding the use of contractual strategies among venture capitalists in Sweden. Seventy-nine separate contractual covenants were examined in relation to distinctive sector variables, structure, experience and investment preferences. The results indicate that the greatest differences in contractual strategies occur among those with differing investment preferences. There appear to be two distinct venture capital cultures controlling contractual choices in these groups. The public and the non-public sector have limited variations in their contractual choices, although public funds employ slightly more standardized strategies. Little difference was found between the contractual choices made by experienced and inexperienced venture capitalists. The findings generally conform to the outcomes predicted by institutional theory.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Kasper G, et al.
(författare)
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Revision of deposition and weathering parameters for the ingestion dose module (ECOSYS) of the ARGOS and RODOS decision support systems.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of environmental radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1700 .- 0265-931X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ECOSYS model is the ingestion dose model integrated in the ARGOS and RODOS decision support systems for nuclear emergency management. The parameters used in this model have however not been updated in recent years, where the level of knowledge on various environmental processes has increased considerably. A Nordic work group has carried out a series of evaluations of the general validity of current ECOSYS default parameters. This paper specifically discusses the parameter revisions required with respect to the modelling of deposition and natural weathering of contaminants on agricultural crops, to enable the trustworthy prognostic modelling that is essential to ensure justification and optimisation of countermeasure strategies. New modelling approaches are outlined, since it was found that current ECOSYS approaches for deposition and natural weathering could lead to large prognostic errors.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Astenvald, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Emotion dysregulation in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions : a co-twin control study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1753-2000. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Emotion dysregulation (ED) is common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and often results in adverse outcomes. However, ED has been suggested as a transdiagnostic construct, why the specific association between ADHD and ED when adjusting for other mental health conditions needs further investigation. It is also important to determine the aetiological basis of the association between ADHD and ED to inform the theoretical conceptualization of ADHD.METHOD: This study used a co-twin control design, including a sample of dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twins (N = 389; 45.8% females, age = 8-31 years, MZ twin pairs 57.6%). ED was assessed using the dysregulation profile from the parent-rated Child Behaviour Checklist and its adult version. Regression analyses were used across individuals and within the pairs, while adjusting for diagnoses of autism, intellectual disability, other neurodevelopmental conditions and affective conditions.RESULTS: ADHD was significantly associated with ED, even when adjusting for age, sex, attention problems and other mental health conditions, and was the diagnosis most strongly associated with ED. Within-pair analyses revealed that twins with ADHD had higher levels of ED compared to their co-twin without ADHD. This association remained within DZ twins and was non-significant in the MZ subsample, with non-overlapping confidence intervals between the DZ and MZ estimates.CONCLUSION: ADHD is strongly and in part independently linked to ED, stressing the importance of early detection and treatment of emotional difficulties within this group. The findings from the within-pair analyses indicate a genetic influence on the association between ADHD and ED.
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| 21. |
- Austin, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Elemental Dynamics in Hair Accurately Predict Future Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis : An International Multi-Center Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 11:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition diagnosed in approximately 2% of children. Reliance on the emergence of clinically observable behavioral patterns only delays the mean age of diagnosis to approximately 4 years. However, neural pathways critical to language and social functions develop during infancy, and current diagnostic protocols miss the age when therapy would be most effective. We developed non-invasive ASD biomarkers using mass spectrometry analyses of elemental metabolism in single hair strands, coupled with machine learning. We undertook a national prospective study in Japan, where hair samples were collected at 1 month and clinical diagnosis was undertaken at 4 years. Next, we analyzed a national sample of Swedish twins and, in our third study, participants from a specialist ASD center in the US. In a blinded analysis, a predictive algorithm detected ASD risk as early as 1 month with 96.4% sensitivity, 75.4% specificity, and 81.4% accuracy (n = 486; 175 cases). These findings emphasize that the dynamics in elemental metabolism are systemically dysregulated in autism, and these signatures can be detected and leveraged in hair samples to predict the emergence of ASD as early as 1 month of age.
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| 22. |
- Baskaran, Sathishkumar, et al.
(författare)
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Primary glioblastoma cells for precision medicine : a quantitative portrait of genomic (in)stability during the first 30 passages
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuro-Oncology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 1522-8517 .- 1523-5866. ; 20:8, s. 1080-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Primary glioblastoma cell (GC) cultures have emerged as a key model in brain tumor research, with the potential to uncover patient-specific differences in therapy response. However, there is limited quantitative information about the stability of such cells during the initial 20-30 passages of culture.Methods: We interrogated 3 patient-derived GC cultures at dense time intervals during the first 30 passages of culture. Combining state-of-the-art signal processing methods with a mathematical model of growth, we estimated clonal composition, rates of change, affected pathways, and correlations between altered gene dosage and transcription.Results: We demonstrate that GC cultures undergo sequential clonal takeovers, observed through variable proportions of specific subchromosomal lesions, variations in aneuploid cell content, and variations in subpopulation cell cycling times. The GC cultures also show significant transcriptional drift in several metabolic and signaling pathways, including ribosomal synthesis, telomere packaging and signaling via the mammalian target of rapamycin, Wnt, and interferon pathways, to a high degree explained by changes in gene dosage. In addition to these adaptations, the cultured GCs showed signs of shifting transcriptional subtype. Compared with chromosomal aberrations and gene expression, DNA methylations remained comparatively stable during passaging, and may be favorable as a biomarker.Conclusion: Taken together, GC cultures undergo significant genomic and transcriptional changes that need to be considered in functional experiments and biomarker studies that involve primary glioblastoma cells.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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The Changing Structure of Swedish Foreign Aid
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study investigates how the composition and character of aid of Swedish aid has changed over time, and what effects these changes have had for the potential to realize key aspects of the Paris agenda such as ownership, alignment, harmonisation, and accountability and the ability to deliver aid efficiently. We analyse the changes in Swedish aid flows since 1990 and compare with changes in the global pattern in terms of purpose, country allocation, channels, and modalities. We discuss how these changes are likely to have affected the efficiency of Sweden as a donor. We conclude with a discussion about the future direction of Swedish aid.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Brattsand, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Equalis/SFKK rekommenderar harmonisering av enheter vid hormonbestämningar -Något också för Norden?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Klinisk Biokemi i Norden. - 1101-2013. ; 24:4, s. 20-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Equalis och Svensk Förening för Klinisk Kemi (SFKK) rekommenderar att de kliniska laboratorierna i Sverige använder enhetliga måttenheter vid hormonbestämningar för ökad jämförbarhet och patientsäkerhet. Vid analys i serum eller plasma med nuvarande metoder rekommenderas följande enheter:• Adrenokortikotropt hormon (ACTH): pmol/L• Insulin: mIE/L• Parathormon (PTH): pmol/L• Prolaktin: mIE/L• Tillväxthormon (GH): μg/L• Östradiol: pmol/L• Aldosteron: pmol/L• Reninkoncentration: mIE/L
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Charman, Tony, et al.
(författare)
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The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) : clinical characterisation.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Autism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2040-2392. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) is to date the largest multi-centre, multi-disciplinary observational study on biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current paper describes the clinical characteristics of the LEAP cohort and examines age, sex and IQ differences in ASD core symptoms and common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. A companion paper describes the overall design and experimental protocol and outlines the strategy to identify stratification biomarkers.METHODS: From six research centres in four European countries, we recruited 437 children and adults with ASD and 300 controls between the ages of 6 and 30 years with IQs varying between 50 and 148. We conducted in-depth clinical characterisation including a wide range of observational, interview and questionnaire measures of the ASD phenotype, as well as co-occurring psychiatric symptoms.RESULTS: The cohort showed heterogeneity in ASD symptom presentation, with only minimal to moderate site differences on core clinical and cognitive measures. On both parent-report interview and questionnaire measures, ASD symptom severity was lower in adults compared to children and adolescents. The precise pattern of differences varied across measures, but there was some evidence of both lower social symptoms and lower repetitive behaviour severity in adults. Males had higher ASD symptom scores than females on clinician-rated and parent interview diagnostic measures but not on parent-reported dimensional measures of ASD symptoms. In contrast, self-reported ASD symptom severity was higher in adults compared to adolescents, and in adult females compared to males. Higher scores on ASD symptom measures were moderately associated with lower IQ. Both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms were lower in adults than in children and adolescents, and males with ASD had higher levels of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms than females.CONCLUSIONS: The established phenotypic heterogeneity in ASD is well captured in the LEAP cohort. Variation both in core ASD symptom severity and in commonly co-occurring psychiatric symptoms were systematically associated with sex, age and IQ. The pattern of ASD symptom differences with age and sex also varied by whether these were clinician ratings or parent- or self-reported which has important implications for establishing stratification biomarkers and for their potential use as outcome measures in clinical trials.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Craig, O. E., et al.
(författare)
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Earliest evidence for the use of pottery
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 496:7445, s. 351-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pottery was a hunter-gatherer innovation that first emerged in East Asia between 20,000 and 12,000 calibrated years before present(1,2) (cal BP), towards the end of the Late Pleistocene epoch, a period of time when humans were adjusting to changing climates and new environments. Ceramic container technologies were one of a range of late glacial adaptations that were pivotal to structuring subsequent cultural trajectories in different regions of the world, but the reasons for their emergence and widespread uptake are poorly understood. The first ceramic containers must have provided prehistoric hunter-gatherers with attractive new strategies for processing and consuming foodstuffs, but virtually nothing is known of how early pots were used. Here we report the chemical analysis of food residues associated with Late Pleistocene pottery, focusing on one of the best-studied prehistoric ceramic sequences in the world, the Japanese Jomon. We demonstrate that lipids can be recovered reliably from charred surface deposits adhering to pottery dating from about 15,000 to 11,800 cal BP (the Incipient Jomon period), the oldest pottery so far investigated, and that in most cases these organic compounds are unequivocally derived from processing freshwater and marine organisms. Stable isotope data support the lipid evidence and suggest that most of the 101 charred deposits analysed, from across the major islands of Japan, were derived from high-trophic-level aquatic food. Productive aquatic ecotones were heavily exploited by late glacial foragers(3), perhaps providing an initial impetus for investment in ceramic container technology, and paving the way for further intensification of pottery use by hunter-gatherers in the early Holocene epoch. Now that we have shown that it is possible to analyse organic residues from some of the world's earliest ceramic vessels, the subsequent development of this critical technology can be clarified through further widespread testing of hunter-gatherer pottery from later periods.
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| 33. |
- Curtin, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between Elemental Metabolic Dynamics and Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity Are Altered in Autism.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with atypical social communication, cognitive, and sensory faculties. Recent advances in exposure biology suggest that biomarkers of elemental uptake and metabolism measured in hair samples can yield an effective signal predictive of autism diagnosis. Here, we investigated if elemental biomarkers in hair were associated with functional connectivity in regions of the default mode network (DMN) previously linked to autism. In a study sample which included twin pairs with concordant and discordant diagnoses for autism, our analysis of hair samples and neuroimaging data supported two general findings. First, independent of autism diagnosis, we found a broad pattern of association between elemental biomarkers and functional connectivity in the DMN, which primarily involved dynamics in zinc metabolism. Second, we found that associations between the DMN and elemental biomarkers, particularly involving phosphorus, calcium, manganese, and magnesium, differed significantly in autistic participants from control participants. In sum, these findings suggest that functional dynamics in elemental metabolism relate broadly to persistent patterns of functional connectivity in the DMN, and that these associations are altered in the emergence of autism.
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| 34. |
- da Silva, Marisa, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort profile : The Obesity and Disease Development Sweden (ODDS) study, a pooled cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - 2044-6055. ; 14:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The Obesity and Disease Development Sweden (ODDS) study was designed to create a large cohort to study body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and changes in weight and WC, in relation to morbidity and mortality.PARTICIPANTS: ODDS includes 4 295 859 individuals, 2 165 048 men and 2 130 811 women, in Swedish cohorts and national registers with information on weight assessed once (2 555 098 individuals) or more (1 740 761 individuals), in total constituting 7 733 901 weight assessments at the age of 17-103 years in 1963-2020 (recalled weight as of 1911). Information on WC is available in 152 089 men and 212 658 women, out of whom 108 795 have repeated information on WC (in total 512 273 assessments). Information on morbidity and mortality was retrieved from national registers, with follow-up until the end of 2019-2021, varying between the registers.FINDINGS TO DATE: Among all weight assessments (of which 85% are objectively measured), the median year, age and BMI (IQR) is 1985 (1977-1994) in men and 2001 (1991-2010) in women, age 19 (18-40) years in men and 30 (26-36) years in women and BMI 22.9 (20.9-25.4) kg/m 2 in men and 23.2 (21.2-26.1) kg/m 2 in women. Normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2) is present in 67% of assessments in men and 64% in women and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m 2) in 5% of assessments in men and 10% in women. The median (IQR) follow-up time from the first objectively measured or self-reported current weight assessment until emigration, death or end of follow-up is 31.4 (21.8-40.8) years in men and 19.6 (9.3-29.0) years in women. During follow-up, 283 244 men and 123 457 women died. FUTURE PLANS: The large sample size and long follow-up of the ODDS Study will provide robust results on anthropometric measures in relation to risk of common diseases and causes of deaths, and novel findings in subgroups and rarer outcomes.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Dumitriu, Dani, et al.
(författare)
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Deciduous tooth biomarkers reveal atypical fetal inflammatory regulation in autism spectrum disorder.
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 26:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atypical regulation of inflammation has been proposed in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, measuring the temporal profile of fetal inflammation associated with future ASD diagnosis has not been possible. Here, we present a method to generate approximately daily profiles of prenatal and early childhood inflammation as measured by developmentally archived C-reactive protein (CRP) in incremental layers of deciduous tooth dentin. In our discovery population, a group of Swedish twins, we found heightened inflammation in the third trimester in children with future ASD diagnosis relative to controls (n = 66; 14 ASD cases; critical window: -90 to -50 days before birth). In our replication study, in the US, we observed a similar increase in CRP in ASD cases during the third trimester (n = 47; 23 ASD cases; -128 to -21 days before birth). Our results indicate that the third trimester is a critical period of atypical fetal inflammatory regulation in ASD.
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| 37. |
- Eikenaar, Cas, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative damage to lipids is rapidly reduced during migratory stopovers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 34:6, s. 1215-1222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most migrating birds need to stopover in between flights in order to refuel. Lately, additional purposes of stopover have been suggested, including physiological recovery from metabolically demanding migratory flight. One apparently unavoidable, but harmful physiological effect of migratory flight is increased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. We here, for the first time, tested whether migrating birds are able to reduce their oxidative damage during stopover. To be able to collect longitudinal data on a large number of individual birds, we temporarily caged wild northern wheatears, a long-distance migrant which does not suffer stress when caged during migration. Around noon on the first and third day at stopover, the birds were blood-sampled to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, a commonly used marker of oxidative damage to lipids. We found that MDA concentrations significantly decreased during stopover, a result unchanged when correcting for the peroxidizability of the substrate. The extent of the decrease was unrelated to the amounts of food consumed or of fuel accumulated. Our findings support the hypothesis that stopovers serve reduction of oxidative damage, warranting re-thinking of how birds accomplish their migrations. They also highlight the need to include physiological recovery as a driver of the (temporal) organization of migration. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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| 38. |
- Eikenaar, Cas, et al.
(författare)
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Stopovers Serve Physiological Recovery in Migratory Songbirds
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. - 1522-2152. ; 96:5, s. 378-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migrating birds perform extreme endurance exercise when fly-ing. This shifts the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defense system toward the former, potentially generating oxidative damages. In between migratory flights, birds make stopovers, where besides accumulat-ing fuel (mainly fats), they are assumed to rest and recover from the strenuous flight. We performed a series of studies on both temporarily caged (northern wheatears) and free-flying (northern wheatears and European robins) migrants to investigate whether migrants recover during stopover by decreasing the amount of oxidative lipid damage (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and/or increasing the total nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (AOX). In caged wheatears, MDA decreased within a single day. These birds were able to simultaneously accumulate considerable amounts of fuel. Also, in the free-flying wheatears, there was a decrease in MDA during stopover; however, this process seemed incompatible with refueling. The reason for this difference could relate to constraints in the wild that are absent in caged birds, such as food limitation/ composition and locomotor activity. In the robins, there was a near significant decrease in MDA concentration in relation to how long the birds were already at stopover, suggesting that this species also physiologically recovers during stopover. AOX did not change during stopover in either of the wheatear studies. For the robins, however, uric acid–corrected AOX declined during stopover. Our results show that during stopover, migrating birds rapidly reduce oxidative lipid damage, thereby likely recovering their physiological state. In addition to the commonly accepted function of refueling, stopovers thus probably serve physiological recovery.
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| 39. |
- Eliasson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of infrared and microwave heating for microbial decontamination of paprika powder
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is currently a need in developing new decontamination technologies for spices due to limitations of existing technologies, mainly regarding their effects on spices’ sensory quality. In the search of new decontamination solutions, it is of interest to compare different technologies, to provide the industry with knowledge for taking decisions concerning appropriate decontamination technologies for spices. The present study compares infrared (IR) and microwave decontamination of naturally contaminated paprika powder after adjustment of water activity to 0.88. IR respectively microwave heating was applied to quickly heat up paprika powder to 98°C, after which the paprika sample was transferred to a conventional oven set at 98°C to keep the temperature constant during a holding time up to 20 min. In the present experimental set-up microwave treatment at 98°C for 20 min resulted in a reduction of 4.8 log units of the total number of mesophilic bacteria, while the IR treatment showed a 1 log unit lower reduction for the corresponding temperature and treatment time. Microwave and IR heating created different temperature profiles and moisture distribution within the paprika sample during the heating up part of the process, which is likely to have influenced the decontamination efficiency. The results of this study are used to discuss the difficulties in comparing two thermal technologies on equal conditions due to differences in their heating mechanisms
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| 40. |
- Eliasson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Infrared Decontamination of Oregano: Effects on Bacillus cereus Spores, Water Activity, Color, and Volatile Compounds
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 79:12, s. E2447-E2455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infrared (IR) heating, a novel technology for decontaminating oregano, was evaluated by investigating the reduction of inoculated Bacillus cereus spores and the effect on water activity (aw), color, and headspace volatile compounds after exposure to IR treatment. Conditioned oregano (aw 0.88) was IR-treated in a closed heating unit at 90 and 100 °C for holding times of 2 and 10 min, respectively. The most successful reduction in B. cereus spore numbers (5.6 log units) was achieved after a holding time of 10 min at 90 °C, while treatment at 100 °C for the same time resulted in a lower reduction efficiency (4.7 log units). The lower reduction at 100 °C was probably due to a reduced aw (aw 0.76) during IR treatment or possibly to the alteration or loss of volatile compounds possessing antimicrobial properties. The green color of oregano was only slightly affected, while the composition of volatile compounds was clearly altered by IR heating. However, two of the key aroma compounds, carvacrol and thymol, were only slightly affected, compared to the effect on the other studied compounds, indicating that the typical oregano aroma can likely be preserved. In conclusion, IR heating shows potential for the successful decontamination of oregano without severe alteration of its color or the key aroma compounds, carvacrol and thymol. Practical Application: This study investigated the potential of infrared heating as a technology for decontaminating oregano. The study outcome contributes to the development of new decontamination solutions to improve the sensory and microbial quality of herbs and spices.
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| 41. |
- Erdogdu, S. Belgin, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental determination of penetration depths of various spice commodities (black pepper seeds, paprika powder and oregano leaves) under infrared radiation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774 .- 1873-5770. ; 161, s. 75-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During infrared processing, transmitted energy is attenuated exponentially with penetration distance, and its intensity is gradually lost while passing through absorbing or scattering media. Penetration depth is a complex function of chemical composition of a food product, its physico-chemical state and physical properties and wavelength spectrum of energy source. Knowing penetration depth leads to better designing commercial sterilization processes for food products like spices. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine penetration depth of various spices (paprika powder, black pepper and oregano) as a function of water activity under infrared processing conditions. For this purpose, spice samples were prepared at various water activity (aw) levels, and heat flux measurements were carried out to determine the penetration depth. Penetration depth was determined to increase with increasing aw for black pepper seeds and paprika powder while there was no significant change for oregano leaves as a function of aw. Knowing penetration depth is important to design an effective infra-red processing system and an important issue for surface pasteurization processes since infrared radiation effects on microbial inactivation decrease with sample thickness
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| 42. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The Maderö wreck : a ship loaded with bricks from Lübeck sunk in the Stockholm Archipelago in the late 15th century
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. - 1057-2414 .- 1095-9270.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Maderö wreck was discovered in the 1960s in the Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. An archaeological investigation undertaken in 2022 included the inspection and documentation of visible ship parts, sampling for dendrochronological analysis and sampling for ICP analysis from the brick cargo. The results show that the wood originates from the Baltic Sea area and was felled after 1467, while the clay for the brick originates from the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern area. The ship's technical analysis shows that it is a large clinker-built merchant ship. Traces of iron on a recovered stone shot indicate that the ship was armed when it sank.
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| 43. |
- Fjellström, Markus, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Ett ovanligt skidfynd från Låktatjåhkkå- / Loktačohkkaglaciären, Sápmi : Skidbruk, vallning, 14C-datering och lipidanalyser
- 2021
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Ingår i: META - Historiskarkeologisk tidskrift. - : Historiskarkeologiska. - 2002-0406 .- 2002-388X. ; , s. 53-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An unusual ski from the Låktatjåhkå / Loktacohkka glacier in Sápmi – Use, wax, 14C and lipid residue analysis: Archaeological skis dated from the Stone Age to today, are not unusual finds in bogs and wetlands. They are found all over Sápmi, from Norway to the Kola peninsula in the Russian federation. Skis are also represented in rock art at different sites in Sápmi and mentioned in written sources; however, skis found at higher altitudes, at glaciers and perennial snow patches, are not as common. In 2018, nine kilometers west of Björkliden, a fragment of a ski was found by the Loktačohkka glacier. The ski fragment was first 14C-dated to the 15th century; however, presence of vax on the fragment presented an interesting problem. A new 14C analysis of the ski fragment, with the wax components removed, now dated the cellulose from the ski to 1645–1916 CE, i.e. the ski could have been used some time from circa 1645 into the first half of the 20th century. This study highlights the importance of regular surveys of melting glaciers and snow patches to retrieve organic material melting out, as well as the importance of investigating what components wood could have been impregnated with.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Fors, Yvonne, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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GCMS analyses of direct methylated lipids in binders used in 18th–19th century folk painted interiors in Hälsingland, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 23, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paint fragments were collected from painted 18th and 19th century interiors from traditional buildings in Hälsingland, Sweden. The aim was to identify binders used by the artists by direct-methylation and GCMS analyses of the lipid fraction in the samples. The lipid content was categorized as mainly animal, plant-based or mixed. The study indicates that used colour tone and possibly also underlying foundation (wood, paper or textile) is essential for the artists´ choice of binder components. Animal-lipid based compounds were found to be used for a wide variety of colours, including mixed colour and several light colour tones. Animal and sometimes mixed lipids seem also to be characteristic for colour fragments from paper and textiles. Red, black and blue colours are quite common among the mixed-lipid category. However, half of blue, green and black colours were found in the vegetable lipid group. A tendency towards the plant-lipids was also indicated in colour samples painted on wood. Many different forms of terpenoids were found among the wood samples, suggesting that its origin can be traced mainly to wood composites, such as extractives. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Garkavij, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Extracorporeal immunoadsorption from whole blood based on the avidin-biotin concept. Evaluation of a new method
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 35:3, s. 309-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study of 36 rats with rat colon adenocarcinoma transplants was carried out to investigate the efficacy of a new method of whole blood immunoadsorption (WBIA) in removing biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directly from unseparated blood, in order to increase 'the tumor/normal-tissue uptake ratio', as compared with extracorporeal immunoadsorption (ECIA) of antibodies from plasma. Compared with the ECIA system, the overall volume of the WBIA system (comprising only a pump, an adsorption column, a drop-chamber and tubings) was less (3.6 vs. 6.2 ml), and procedure duration 2 h less. The 17 rats undergoing the WBIA procedure, started 12 h after i.v. injection of 4.0-4.5 MBq 125I-BR96-biotin, manifested neither hemolysis nor any other complication; no signs of organ edema were found at dissection; whole body and blood radioactivity values were reduced by 51% and 89.5%, respectively. The WBIA method was as effective as ECIA, but technically simpler, safer and more reliable.
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| 48. |
- Garkavij, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Extracorporeal whole-blood immunoadsorption enhances radioimmunotargeting of iodine-125-labeled BR96-biotin monoclonal antibody
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505. ; 38:6, s. 895-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the efficacy of tumor radioimmunotargeting with 125I-labeled BR96-biotin monoclonal antibody using a new method, whole-blood immunoadsorption (WBIA), based on direct adsorption of unbound monoclonal antibody (MAb) from blood without preceding separation of plasma. METHODS: Highly tumor-reactive, internalizing, chimeric BR96 MAb of isotype IgG1 binds to a tumor-associated Lewis-type (Le(Y)) cell surface antigen. Forty-six Brown Norwegian male rats were inoculated intramuscularly and beneath the liver or kidney capsule with syngeneic rat colon carcinoma BN7005, expressing Lewis-type antigen, and investigated. The rats were injected intravenously with 3.5-4.5 MBq 125I-labeled BR96-biotin. Twenty of the rats underwent WBIA starting 5 or 12 hr after injection. About six blood volumes were passed through an avidin-gel adsorption column during 2 hr. RESULTS: By using WBIA, whole-body radioactivity was reduced by 50%, and plasma activity by 85%. Both directly after completion of WBIA and 33 hr later, the activity uptake in tumors manifested only a nonsignificant decrease as compared with corresponding controls (p > 0.05) and had approximately similar time-activity curves. Uptake ratios for tumor (T):bone marrow, T:liver, T:kidney and T:lung were enhanced 2.3- to 3.5-fold in all three tumor models, as compared with controls. The ratio of liver tumor to bone marrow was improved from 10:1 to 30:1. CONCLUSION: This new method of WBIA yields significantly improved radioimmunotargeting of highly tumor-reactive, internalizing MAb BR96.
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| 49. |
- Gibbs, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the emergence of an 'Aquatic' Neolithic in the Russian Far East : organic residue analysis of early hunter-gatherer pottery from Sakhalin Island
- 2017
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Ingår i: Antiquity. - : Antiquity Publications. - 0003-598X .- 1745-1744. ; 91:360, s. 1484-1500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Neolithic in north-east Asia is defined by the presence of ceramic containers, rather than agriculture, among hunter-gatherer communities. The role of pottery in such groups has, however, hitherto been unclear. This article presents the results of organic residue analysis of Neolithic pottery from Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East. Results indicate that early pottery on Sakhalin was used for the processing of aquatic species, and that its adoption formed part of a wider Neolithic transition involving the reorientation of local lifeways towards the exploitation of marine resources.
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| 50. |
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