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| 5. |
- Jakariya, Md., et al.
(author)
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Screening of arsenic in tubewell water with field test kits : Evaluation of the method from public health perspective
- 2007
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 379:2-3, s. 167-175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is an urgent need for Bangladesh to identify the arsenic (As) contaminated tubewells (TWs) in order to assess the health risks and initiate appropriate mitigation measures. This will involve testing water in millions of TWs and raising community awareness about the health problems related to chronic As exposure from drinking water. Field test kits offer the only practical tool within the time frame and financial resources available for screening and assessment of the As contaminated TWs as well as their monitoring than that of the laboratory measurement. A comparison of field test kit and laboratory measurements by AAS as "gold standard" for As in water of 12,532 TWs in Matlab Upazila in Bangladesh, indicates that the field kit correctly determined the status of 91% of the As levels compared to the Bangladesh Drinking Water Standard (BDWS) of 50 mu g/L, and 87% of the WHO guideline value of 10 mu g/L. Nevertheless, due to analytical and human errors during the deten-nination of As by the field test kits, some misclassification of wells is inevitable. Cross-checking of the field test kit results, both by Field Supervisor and by the laboratory analyses reveal considerable discrepancies in the correct screening mainly at As concentration ranges of 10-24.9 mu g/L and 50-99.9 mu g/L, critical from a public health point of view. The uncertainties of misclassification of these two groups of TWs have severe public health implications due to As exposure from drinking water sources. This can be reduced through proper training of the field personnel, cross verification of the field test kit results with laboratory analyses and further development of the field test kits to determine As at low concentrations.
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| 6. |
- Sharma, S., et al.
(author)
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ASMITAS – A novel application for digitalizing the SASMIT Sediment Color Tool to identify arsenic safe aquifers for drinking water supplies
- 2018
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In: Environmental Arsenic in a ChangingWorld - 7th International Congress and Exhibition Arsenic in the Environment, 2018. - London : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138486096 ; , s. 629-632
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is an environmental health hazard in several part of the world and a large number of population has affected due to its toxic nature. In Bangladesh, a comprehensive research was accomplished which established a very strong correlation between the aquifer sediments and As concentration in the groundwater. The local drillers practice this knowledge over a time. Based on an action research conducted by the SASMIT project team from KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden in collaboration with the local drillers in Bangladesh and a novel handheld sediment color tool was produced to facilitate the local drillers to target safe aquifers for safe tube-well installation. This study was made to advance this tool to be developed as a fully artificial intelligence (AI) based digital ASMITAS (Arsenic Mitigation at Source) tool based on spectral scanning of the sediment color. An HSI camera enables us to capture continuous spectral channels from a given object ranging from IR bands, through VR to UV ranges and hence scores comprehensive imaging output over traditional RGB data based color cameras, thus increase the perception of the color with more accuracy and precision. This new tool can be scalable to cover large geographical area and hence can be very useful tool for local drillers and other stakeholders for smart decision making for installation of safe tube-wells for mitigating As at source level.
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| 9. |
- Jakariya, Md., et al.
(author)
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Searching for sustainable arsenic mitigation strategy in Bangladesh : experience from two upazilas
- 2007
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In: International Journal of Environment and Pollution. - 0957-4352 .- 1741-5101. ; 31:3-4, s. 415-430
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Arsenic concentrations of tubewell water that exceed the Bangladesh Drinking Water Standard pose a serious health problem for millions of people in Bangladesh. Groundwater is the source of drinking water for 98% of the population. The main object of the study was to review the status of the provided options, which were distributed during 1999-2001 in two upazilas. It was observed that acceptability of the distributed options was not encouraging; less than 2% of the provided options were found to be in operation. However, two new approaches emerged from people's initiatives, which are making rapid and positive contributions to safe water coverage.
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| 10. |
- Jakariya, Md., et al.
(author)
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Sustainable safe water options in Bangladesh : experiences from the Arsenic Project at Matlab (AsMat)
- 2005
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In: Natural Arsenic in Groundwater. - LEIDEN : A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS. - 041536700X ; , s. 319-330
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The presence of elevated levels of naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater of Bangladesh, has severely impaired the decade long effort of providing safe water to nearly 98% of its population and putting an estimated 3 5 million people-nearly one fourth of the total population at risk. In order to address this problem, a project titled "Arsenic in tubewell (TW) water and health consequences in Matlab Upazila of Chandpur district (AsMat)" is being implemented jointly by ICDDR,B and BRAC. During this study. all the TWs in Matlab have been assigned unique identification numbers, with marked GPS coordinates, depth, and age. It is estimated that nearly 65% of the about 13,000 TWs in Matlab have As concentrations above the Bangladesh drinking water standard (50 mu g/L). In order to minimize arsenic exposure, a work to provide various alternate safe drinking water options to the exposed population has been initiated. As of March 2004, about 1047 different alternate safe water options, such as Pond Sand Filter (PSF), Rainwater Harvester (RWH) and different filters to remove arsenic as well as pathogenic bacteria, were distributed among the targeted exposed population in Matlab. To ensure sustainable use, the provided options were assessed based on community acceptability, technical viability, and financial viability.
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| 11. |
- von Brömssen, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Targeting low-arsenic aquifers in Matlab Upazila, Southeastern Bangladesh
- 2007
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 375:2-3, s. 121-132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Groundwater with high concentration of geogenic arsenic (As) occurs extensively in the Holocene alluvial aquifers of Bangladesh. Local drillers in Matlab Upazilla are constructing deeper tubewells than in the recent past, primarily because of low concentrations of dissolved Fe and As. Locally a thick layer of black to grey sediments overlies an oxidised unit of yellowish-grey to reddish-brown sediments. The correlation between the colour of both units and the groundwater redox conditions was investigated to provide an easy tool for targeting low-arsenic groundwater. Based on the sediment colour at the screen depths described by local drillers, 40 domestic shallow tubewells were selected for water sampling. Four colours were used to describe the sediments: black, white, off-white (buff) and red. Generally, the groundwater was anoxic and the As concentrations ranged from less than 5.2 to 355 mu g/L. Water derived from the black sediment is characterized by relatively higher concentrations of dissolved NH4+, DOC, Fe, P, As and by low Mn and SO42- concentrations. The off-white and red sediments had high concentration of Mn and low NH4+, DOC, Fe, P and As concentrations. The water abstracted from the black sediments indicated the most reducing environment, followed by white, off-white and red respectively. Three boreholes verified the driller's perception of the subsurface lithologic conditions. Discrepancies between the driller's and the research team description of the sediment colours were insignificant. This study shows that sediment colour is a reliable indicator of high and low-As concentrations and can be used by local drillers to target low-arsenic groundwater.
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| 12. |
- Bhattacharya, Prosun, et al.
(author)
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Temporal and seasonal variability of arsenic in drinking water wells in Matlab, southeastern Bangladesh : A preliminary evaluation on the basis of a 4 year study
- 2011
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In: Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1093-4529 .- 1532-4117. ; 46:11, s. 1177-1184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Temporal and seasonal variability of As concentrations in groundwater were evaluated in As-affected areas of Matlab, southeastern Bangladesh. Groundwater samples from 61 randomly selected tubewells were analyzed for As concentrations over a period of three years and four months (from July 2002 to November 2005) and monitored seasonally (three times a year). The mean As concentrations in the sampled tubewells decreased from 153 to 123 mu g/L during July 2002 to November 2005. Such changes were pronounced in tubewells with As concentration >50 mu g/L than those with As concentrations <50 mu g/L. Similarly, individual wells revealed temporal variability, for example some wells indicated a decreasing trend, while some other wells indicated stable As concentration during the monitoring period. The mean As concentrations were significantly higher in Matlab North compared with Matlab South. The spatial variations in the mean As concentrations may be due to the differences in local geological conditions and groundwater flow patterns. The variations in mean As concentrations were also observed in shallow (<40 m) and deep (>40 m) wells. However, to adequately evaluate temporal and seasonal variability of As concentration, it is imperative to monitor As concentrations in tubewells over a longer period of time. Such long-term monitoring will provide important information for the assessment of human health risk and the sustainability of safe drinking water supplies.
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| 13. |
- Islam, Md. Aminul, et al.
(author)
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Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh
- 2022
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In: Frontiers In Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In developing countries, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause a significant number of deaths among children. According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), about 25% of the deaths in children under-five years are caused by ARI in Bangladesh every year. Low-income families frequently rely on wood, coal, and animal excrement for cooking. However, it is unclear whether using alternative fuels offers a health benefit over solid fuels. To clear this doubt, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of fuel usage on ARI in children. In this study, we used the latest BDHS 2017-18 survey data collected by the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) and estimated the effects of fuel use on ARI by constructing multivariable logistic regression models. From the analysis, we found that the crude (the only type of fuel in the model) odds ratio (OR) for ARI is 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-2.71]. This suggests that children in families using contaminated fuels are 69.3% more likely to experience an ARI episode than children in households using clean fuels. After adjusting for cooking fuel, type of roof material, child's age (months), and sex of the child-the effect of solid fuels is similar to the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for ARI (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05-2.72). This implies that an ARI occurrence is 69.2% more likely when compared to the effect of clean fuel. This study found a statistically significant association between solid fuel consumption and the occurrence of ARI in children in households. The correlation between indoor air pollution and clinical parameters of ARI requires further investigation. Our findings will also help other researchers and policymakers to take comprehensive actions by considering fuel type as a risk factor as well as taking proper steps to solve this issue.
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| 14. |
- Jakariya, Md., et al.
(author)
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Developing a safe water atlas for sustainable drinking water supply in Sonargaon Upazila, Bangladesh
- 2024
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In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- access to safe drinking water has always been a challenge for Bangladesh due to the geogenic contamination in shallow aquifers. The objective of this study was to identify the depth for extracting safe water and to develop a developed to validate the indigenous knowledge of targeting safe depth based on sediment color. To address the preparing safe water atlas for a specific region in Bangladesh, serving as a decision-making tool for households. The atlas identifies depths at which tube-wells can be installed to obtain uncontaminated groundwater, helping people make informed choices and avoid potential health risks. Additionally, the safe water atlas can support the
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| 16. |
- Thakur, B. K., et al.
(author)
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Arsenic in drinking water sources in the Middle Gangetic Plains in Bihar : An assessment of the depth of wells to ensure safe water supply
- 2021
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In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study assesses the depth of tubewell and the associated concentration of arsenic (As) in drinking water within the arsenic-affected regions in Bihar, India. A survey of 935 tubewell from two As-contaminated blocks in Bihar were conducted to collect and test the water samples. The results demonstrate that As concentration is mainly found in shallow tubewells (14–49 m deep), which is the main source of drinking water in the region in deep tubewells (>49 m deep), have arsenic concentration < 50 μg/L. The analytical results by field test kits (FTK) revealed that the levels of As in around 61% of the drinking water sources were above 10 μg/L, 20.8% samples contained arsenic 51-<100 μg/L, 16.9% contained 101-<300 μg/L, and 5.03% of the samples contained arsenic between 300 and 500 μg/L. Iron test results showed that around 74.4% of the samples contained iron at more than the prescribed 500 μg/L level of WHO. The study also revealed a general lack of awareness about the drinking water contamination and its associated health impacts. Therefore, awareness through various channels among the affected stakeholders will be helpful for the households to change their water sources (Saha et al., 2019).
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| 17. |
- von Brömssen, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Geochemical characterisation of shallow aquifer sediments of Matlab Upazila, Southeastern Bangladesh - Implications for targeting low-As aquifers
- 2008
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In: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-7722 .- 1873-6009. ; 99:1-4, s. 137-149
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High arsenic (As) concentrations in groundwater pose a serious threat to the health of millions of people in Bangladesh. Reductive dissolution of Fe(Ill)-oxyhydroxides and release of its adsorbed As is considered to be the principal mechanism responsible for mobilisation ofAs. The distribution ofAs is extremely heterogeneous both laterally and vertically. Groundwater abstracted from oxidised reddish sediments, in contrast to greyish reducing sediments, contains significantly lower amount of dissolved arsenic and can be a source of safe water. In order to study the sustainability of that mitigation option, this study describes the lithofacies and genesis of the sediments within 60 m depth and establishes a relationship between aqueous and solid phase geochemistry. Oxalate extractable Fe and Mn contents are higher in the reduced unit than in the oxidised unit, where Fe and Mn are present in more crystalline mineral phases. Equilibrium modelling of saturation indices suggest that the concentrations of dissolved Fe, Mn and PO43--tot in groundwater is influenced by 4 secondary mineral phases in addition to redox processes. Simulating As-[I] adsorption on hydroferric oxides using the Diffuse Layer Model and analytical data gave realistic concentrations of dissolved and adsorbed As-[I] for the reducing aquifer and we speculate that the presence of high PO43--tot in combination with reductive dissolution results in the high-As groundwater. The study confirms high mobility of As in reducing aquifers with typically dark colour of sediments found in previous studies and thus validates the approach for location of wells used by local drillers based on sediment colour. A more systematic and standardised colour description and similar studies at more locations are necessary for wider application of the approach.
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