| 1. |
- Almqvist, Monica, et al.
(author)
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European Medical Imaging Technology Training, EMIT – ett prisbelönt EU-utbildningsprojekt
- 2005
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In: [Host publication title missing].
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- I ett sameuropeiskt Leonardo da Vinci-projekt har utvecklats ett internationellt utbildnings- och praktikpa- ket för blivande sjukhusfysiker [1-3]. Utbildningspaketet innehåller praktiska och kliniska övningsuppgifter där delta- garna tränas i för en sjukhusfysiker vanligt förekommande arbetsuppgifter. Målet har varit att det skall ge sjukhusfysi- kern den praktiska kompetens som krävs av det europeiska regelverket inom ämnesområdena magnetresonans (MRI), ultraljud, röntgendiagnostik, nuklearmedicin och strålbe- handling. Utbildningsmaterialet är webbaserat med en stor bilddata- bas och används redan i nära 70 länder runt om i världen. EMIT-projektet (European Medical Imaging Technology Training) belönades i december 2004 med det första Leonar- do da Vinci priset som delades ut till de tre bästa av totalt 4000 EU-projekt inom praktisk yrkesrelaterad utbildning. I projektet har vi konfronterats med den pedagogiska ut- maningen att förmedla praktisk kunskap, i sjukhusmiljöer med mycket olika förutsättningar beroende på vilket land deltagarna arbetar i. En omöjlig uppgift kan tyckas, men eftersom materialet är sammanställt av några av Europas starkaste forsknings- och utbildningsgrupper inom respekti- ve område så har det visat sig vara en stor tillgång och varje användare utnyttjar materialet efter sina egna behov. En an- nan erfarenhet är samarbetet över nationsgränser där vi har utnyttjat och konfronterats med likheter och oliktänkande inte minst vad gäller pedagogik och didaktik. Vi har dessut- om fått ett stort kontaktnät och många goda vänner. Den här presentationen beskriver delar av utbildningspaketet och erfarenheter av samarbetsprojektet.
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| 2. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Projektledning
- 2013
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
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| 3. |
- Barbu, Andreea, et al.
(author)
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Blood flow in endogenous and transplanted pancreatic islets in anesthetized rats : Effects of lactate and pyruvate
- 2012
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In: Pancreas. - 0885-3177 .- 1536-4828. ; 41:8, s. 1263-1271
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenously administered lactate and pyruvate on blood perfusion in endogenous and transplanted islets. METHODS: Anesthetized Wistar-Furth rats were given lactate or pyruvate intravenously, and regional blood perfusion was studied 3 or 30 minutes later with a microsphere technique. Separate rats received a 30-minute infusion of pyruvate or lactate into the portal vein before blood flow measurements. We also administered these substances to islet-implanted rats 4 weeks after transplantation and measured graft blood flow with laser Doppler flowmetry. The expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and lactate dehydrogenase A was analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and lactate dehydrogenase A was markedly up-regulated in transplanted as compared with endogenous islets. Administration of pyruvate, but not lactate, increased mesenteric blood flow after 3 minutes. Pyruvate decreased mesenteric blood flow after 30 minutes, whereas lactate decreased only islet blood flow. These responses were absent in transplanted animals. A continuous intraportal infusion of lactate or pyruvate increased selectively islet blood flow but did not affect blood perfusion of transplanted islets. CONCLUSIONS: Lactate and pyruvate affect islet blood flow through effects mediated by interactions between the liver and the nervous system. Such a response can help adjust the release of islet hormones during excess substrate concentrations.
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| 4. |
- Barbu, Andreea, et al.
(author)
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The use of hydrogen gas clearance for blood flow measurements in single endogenous and transplanted pancreatic islets
- 2015
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In: Microvascular Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-2862 .- 1095-9319. ; 97, s. 124-129
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The blood perfusion of pancreatic islets is regulated independently from that of the exocrine pancreas, and is of importance for multiple aspects of normal islet function, and probably also during impaired glucose tolerance. Single islet blood flow has been difficult to evaluate due to technical limitations. We therefore adapted a hydrogen gas washout technique using microelectrodes to allow such measurements. Platinum micro-electrodes monitored hydrogen gas clearance from individual endogenous and transplanted islets in the pancreas of male Lewis rats and in human and mouse islets implanted under the renal capsule of male athymic mice. Both in the rat endogenous pancreatic islets as well as in the intra-pancreatically transplanted islets, the vascular conductance and blood flow values displayed a highly heterogeneous distribution, varying by factors 6-10 within the same pancreas. The blood flow of human and mouse islet grafts transplanted in athymic mice was approximately 30% lower than that in the surrounding renal parenchyma. The present technique provides unique opportunities to study the islet vascular dysfunction seen after transplantation, but also allows for investigating the effects of genetic and environmental perturbations on islet blood flow at the single islet level in vivo. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Boberg, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Enantiospecific antitrypanosomal in vitro activity of eflornithine. : L-eflornithine against human African trypanosomiasis
- 2021
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In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2735. ; 15:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The polyamine synthesis inhibitor eflornithine is a recommended treatment for the neglected tropical disease Gambian human African trypanosomiasis in late stage. This parasitic disease, transmitted by the tsetse fly, is lethal unless treated. Eflornithine is administered by repeated intravenous infusions as a racemic mixture of L-eflornithine and D-eflornithine. The study compared the in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of the two enantiomers with the racemic mixture against three Trypanosoma brucei gambiense strains. Antitrypanosomal in vitro activity at varying drug concentrations was analysed by non-linear mixed effects modelling. For all three strains, L-eflornithine was more potent than D-eflornithine. Estimated 50% inhibitory concentrations of the three strains combined were 9.1 μM (95% confidence interval [8.1; 10]), 5.5 μM [4.5; 6.6], and 50 μM [42; 57] for racemic eflornithine, L-eflornithine and D-eflornithine, respectively. The higher in vitro potency of L-eflornithine warrants further studies to assess its potential for improving the treatment of late-stage Gambian human African trypanosomiasis.
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| 7. |
- Dispinseri, Stefania, et al.
(author)
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Continuous hiv-1 escape from autologous neutralization and development of cross-reactive antibody responses characterizes slow disease progression of children
- 2021
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In: Vaccines. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-393X. ; 9:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The antibodies with different effector functions evoked by Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmitted from mother to child, and their role in the pathogenesis of infected children remain unresolved. So, too, the kinetics and breadth of these responses remain to be clearly defined, compared to those developing in adults. Here, we studied the kinetics of the autologous and heterologous neutralizing antibody (Nab) responses, in addition to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), in HIV-1 infected children with different disease progression rates followed from close after birth and five years on. Autologous and heterologous neutralization were determined by Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-and TZMbl-based assays, and ADCC was assessed with the GranToxiLux assay. The reactivity to an immunodominant HIV-1 gp41 epitope, and childhood vaccine antigens, was assessed by ELISA. Newborns displayed antibodies directed towards the HIV-1 gp41 epitope. However, antibodies neutralizing the transmitted virus were undetectable. Nabs directed against the transmitted virus developed usually within 12 months of age in children with slow progression, but rarely in rapid progressors. Thereafter, autologous Nabs persisted throughout the follow-up of the slow progressors and induced a continuous emergence of escape variants. Heterologous cross-Nabs were detected within two years, but their subsequent increase in potency and breadth was mainly a trait of slow progressors. Analogously, titers of antibodies mediating ADCC to gp120 BaL pulsed target cells increased in slow progressors during follow-up. The kinetics of antibody responses to the immunodominant viral antigen and the vaccine antigens were sustained and independent of disease progression. Persistent autologous Nabs triggering viral escape and an increase in the breadth and potency of cross-Nabs are exclusive to HIV-1 infected slowly progressing children.
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| 8. |
- Ferholt, Beth, et al.
(author)
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Creativity in education : Play and exploratory learning
- 2015. - 1
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In: Contemporary approaches to activity theory. - Hershey : IGI Global. - 9781466666030 - 9781466666047 ; , s. 264-284
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The goal of this chapter is to respond to the scarcity of literature on creativity that is relevant both to CHAT and in the field of education. The authors explore Vygotsky's writings on creativity, imagination, art, and play in relation to three Swedish preschool projects that practice a pedagogy of exploratory learning. Also included are discussions of imagination versus realistic thinking, syncretism in children's creative work, and play as a creative activity. Because this study was a formative intervention, the pedagogy of exploratory learning became significant in the analysis. The bulk of the chapter consists of thick descriptions of the projects and discussion of aspects of creativity as they appear in the projects. The data was collected by teachers and a research team that consisted of the authors of this chapter. Data collection in the three projects took place before the intervention took place, during the initial phases of the intervention, and after the intervention had become an annual theme for the preschools. The research was initially guided solely by a cultural historical understanding of creativity, while the analysis brought CHAT into dialogue with postmodern writings that are related to exploratory learning.
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| 9. |
- Ferholt, B., et al.
(author)
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Creativity in education : Play and exploratory learning
- 2015
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In: Contemporary Approaches to Activity Theory. - Hershey : IGI Global. - 9781466666047 - 9781466666030 ; , s. 264-284
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The goal of this chapter is to respond to the scarcity of literature on creativity that is relevant both to CHAT and in the field of education. The authors explore Vygotsky's writings on creativity, imagination, art, and play in relation to three Swedish preschool projects that practice a pedagogy of exploratory learning. Also included are discussions of imagination versus realistic thinking, syncretism in children's creative work, and play as a creative activity. Because this study was a formative intervention, the pedagogy of exploratory learning became significant in the analysis. The bulk of the chapter consists of thick descriptions of the projects and discussion of aspects of creativity as they appear in the projects. The data was collected by teachers and a research team that consisted of the authors of this chapter. Data collection in the three projects took place before the intervention took place, during the initial phases of the intervention, and after the intervention had become an annual theme for the preschools. The research was initially guided solely by a cultural historical understanding of creativity, while the analysis brought CHAT into dialogue with postmodern writings that are related to exploratory learning.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ferholt, Beth, et al.
(author)
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Current playworld research in Sweden : Rethinking the role of young children and their teachers in the design and execution of early childhood research
- 2016
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In: Disrupting early childhood education research. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781138839106 - 9781138839113 - 9781315733623 ; , s. 117-138
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- If we consider research to be “re-searching,” or searching again (Paley, 1992), then early childhood research is happening all the time in early childhood education, not only during academic research studies. This research is being carried out not only by researchers but also by teachers and young children as they form community and make meaning in their classrooms. How such re-searching takes place in one early childhood research project is the topic of this chapter.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Ferholt, Beth, et al.
(author)
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Playworlds and Reggio Emilia-Inspired Swedish Preschool Pedagogy : Imaginative Education in Preschool Didactics
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this presentation we will present several projects that have taken place over the past year in three Swedish preschools. These preschools are inspired by approaches developed in the internationally-known preschools of Reggio Emilia, Italy and these preschools have been participating in a research project that combines their own pedagogy of exploratory learning with an educational activity, a form of adult-child joint play, called playworlds. Playworlds were originally developed by Swedish scholar Gunilla Lindqvist to study what she called the common denominator of art and play, have been further developed by Finnish scholar Pentti Hakkarainen and are based in L. S. Vygotsky’s theories play and creativity. The Swedish playworld projects that we will present can be considered to be forms of Imaginative Education particularly in their incorporation of cognitive tools for mythic understanding. Through their use of these tools they demonstrate the centrality of imagination in preschool “learning.”Further information on the presentation:This presentation will include films and slides so that our audience develops an experiential appreciation of the unique qualities of these projects. We will highlight the use of story, metaphor and abstract binary oppositions in these projects. We will use our understanding of Vygotsky’s theories of play and creativity, in which imagination and creativity are aspects of the same process, and in which this process is embodied, for young children, in play, to show the ways that these play projects were an integral part of the exploratory learning that was taking place in these preschools. In our discussion of the projects we will explore with our audience the ways that the connections between imagination and learning can be understood by challenging the common divide between realistic thinking and fantasy. This divide is, we believe, at the core of positions that dismiss or overlook the centrality of imagination in “learning”. Early childhood is often officially ignored by such positions but, we will argue, preschool didactics is still profoundly (and (possibly increasingly) influenced by this divide.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(author)
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Effects of GIP on regional blood flow during normoglycemia and hyperglycemia in anesthetized rats
- 2018
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In: Physiological Reports. - : Wiley. - 2051-817X. ; 6:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and affects -cell turnover. This study aimed at evaluating if some of the beneficial effects of GIP on glucose homeostasis can be explained by modulation of islet blood flow. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were infused intravenously with different doses of GIP (10, 20, or 60ng/kg*min) for 30min. Subsequent organ blood flow measurements were performed with microspheres. In separate animals, islets were perfused exvivo with GIP (10(-6)-10(-12)mol/L) during normo- and hyperglycemia and arteriolar responsiveness was recorded. The highest dose of GIP potentiated insulin secretion during hyperglycemia, but had no effect in normoglycemic rats. The highest GIP concentration decreased blood perfusion of whole pancreas, pancreatic islets, duodenum, colon, liver and kidneys. The decrease in blood flow was unaffected by ganglion blockade or adenosine receptor inhibition. In contrast to this, in single perfused islets GIP induced a dose-dependent arteriolar dilation. Thus, high doses of GIP exert a direct dilatory effect on islet arterioles in isolated islets, but induce a generalized vasoconstriction in splanchnic organs, including the whole pancreas and islets, invivo. The latter effect is unlikely to be mediated by adenosine, the autonomic nervous system, or endothelial mediators.
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| 17. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Mn-DPDP and manganese chloride on hemodynamics and glucose tolerance in anesthetized rats
- 2014
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In: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 55:3, s. 328-334
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Previous studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging may be a method of choice to visualize transplanted pancreatic islets. However, contrast agents may interfere with microcirculation and affect graft function. Purpose To evaluate the effects manganese-containing contrast media on regional blood flow and glucose tolerance. Material and Methods Anesthetized rats were injected intravenously with MnCl2 (10 mu M/kg body weight) or Mn-DPDP (Teslascan; 5 mu M/kg body weight). Blood flow measurements were made with a microsphere technique 10min later. In separate animals vascular arteriolar reactivity in isolated, perfused islets was examined. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed in separate rats. Results Glucose tolerance was unaffected by both agents. No changes in regional blood flow were seen after administration of Mn-DPDP, except for an increase in arterial liver blood flow. MnCl2 increased all blood flow values except that of the kidney. MnCl2, but not Mn-DPDP, caused a vasoconstriction in isolated rat islet arterioles but only at very high doses. Conclusion Mn-DPDP administration does not affect glucose tolerance or regional blood flow, besides an increase in arterial hepatic blood flow, and may therefore be suitable for visualization of islets.
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| 18. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(author)
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Important role of P2Y receptors for islet blood flow regulation in anesthetized rats during acute and chronic hyperglycemia
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Pancreatic islet blood flow is regulated through a complex interplay between nervous, metabolic and local endothelial factors. We have previously shown that adenosine is an important vasodilator in the metabolic regulation of islet blood flow and now wanted to examine whether also ATP/ADP/AMP could affect islet blood perfusion through P2Y receptors. To achieve this we examined local blood flow values in normoglycemic and acutely hyperglycemic Sprague-Dawley rats as well as GK rats, a type 2 diabetes model. We inhibited P2Y receptors in general with suramine and, since P2Y13 receptors are known to inhibit insulin secretion, we also examined the effects of a selective P2Y13 receptor inhibitor, viz. MRS2211. We found that all GK rats were hyperglycemic and hypertensive when compared to SD rats. Basal islet blood flow in SD rats was decreased by MRS2211, and there was a trend for this to occur also after suramine administration. The glucose-induced islet blood flow increase in SD rats was impaired after suramine and MRS2211 treatment. GK rats had higher islet blood flow, but not islet vascular conductance, than SD rats, which did not react to acute hyperglycemia or the P2Y receptor inhibitors. Similar findings were made in an islet arteriole perfusion model, suggesting that local P2Y receptors are involved. A surprising finding was that especially suramine markedly increased colonic blood flow in SD rats, and decreased this blood flow in GK rats. We conclude that not only adenosine, but also also ATP and especially ADP stimulate both basal and glucose-stimulated islet blood flow in anesthetized SD rats, but this response is not seen in GK rats. Also colonic blood flow seems to be sensitive to P2Y receptors and increase its blood flow when these receptors are inhibited. The mechanisms behind this are unknown.
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| 19. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(author)
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Short-term glucosamine infusion increases islet blood flow in anesthetized rats
- 2013
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In: ISLETS. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1938-2014 .- 1938-2022. ; 5:5, s. 201-206
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in rodents are associated with increased islet blood flow. If this is important for modulation of the endocrine function is at present unknown. We evaluated if glucosamine infusion, which induces peripheral insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, could be used to acutely increase islet blood flow. We infused anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 h with glucosamine (6 mg/kg body weight), in some cases followed by glucose administration. The former induced a 2-fold increase in serum insulin concentrations while plasma glucose remained unchanged. In vitro an augmented insulin response to hyperglycemia and decreased insulin content in batch type islet incubations with glucosamine for 24 h were seen. After 2 h glucosamine exposure in vitro, insulin release was decreased. In vivo glucosamine infusion increased islet blood flow, without affecting other regional blood flow values. Glucose increased islet blood flow to the same extent in control and glucosamine-infused rats. When exposed to 10 mmol/L glucosamine arterioles of isolated perfused islets showed a 10% dilation of their vascular smooth muscle. Thus, application of this model leads to acute hyperinsulinemia in vivo but a decreased insulin release in vitro, which suggests that effects not located to beta cells are responsible for the effects seen in vivo. An increased islet blood flow in previously healthy animals was also seen after glucose administration, which can be used to further dissect the importance of blood flow changes in islet function.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Heyndrickx, Leo, et al.
(author)
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International Network for Comparison of HIV Neutralization Assays: The NeutNet Report II
- 2012
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Neutralizing antibodies provide markers for vaccine-induced protective immunity in many viral infections. By analogy, HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies induced by immunization may well predict vaccine effectiveness. Assessment of neutralizing antibodies is therefore of primary importance, but is hampered by the fact that we do not know which assay(s) can provide measures of protective immunity. An international collaboration (NeutNet) involving 18 different laboratories previously compared different assays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and soluble CD4 (Phase I study). Methods: In the present study (Phase II), polyclonal reagents were evaluated by 13 laboratories. Each laboratory evaluated nine plasmas against an 8 virus panel representing different genetic subtypes and phenotypes. TriMab, a mixture of three mAbs, was used as a positive control allowing comparison of the results with Phase I in a total of nine different assays. The assays used either uncloned virus produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (Virus Infectivity Assays, VIA), or Env (gp160)-pseudotyped viruses (pseudoviruses, PSV) produced in HEK293T cells from molecular clones or from uncloned virus. Target cells included PBMC and genetically engineered cell lines in either single- or multiple-cycle infection format. Infection was quantified by using a range of assay read-outs including extra- or intra-cellular p24 antigen detection, luciferase, beta-galactosidase or green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene expression. Findings: Using TriMab, results of Phase I and Phase II were generally in agreement for six of the eight viruses tested and confirmed that the PSV assay is more sensitive than PBMC (p = 0.014). Comparisons with the polyclonal reagents showed that sensitivities were dependent on both virus and plasma. Conclusions: Here we further demonstrate clear differences in assay sensitivities that were dependent on both the neutralizing reagent and the virus. Consistent with the Phase I study, we recommend parallel use of PSV and VIA for vaccine evaluation.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Jansson, Kristina, 1977-
(author)
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Saisir l'insaisissable : les formes et les traductions du discours indirect libre dans des romans suédois et français
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Abstract Jansson, Kristina, 2006. Saisir l’insaisissable. Les formes et les traductions du discours indirect libre dans des romans suédois et français. Acta Wexionensia nr 86/2006. ISSN: XXXX-XXXX, ISBN: 91-7636-499-2. Written in French. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible forms and translations of free indirect discourse (discours indirect libre) in some French and Swedish novels written between 1880 and 1920. For the study, two corpora containing free indirect discourse (FID) were established: one with Swedish FID from some 40 novels written by August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Hjalmar Bergman and Hjalmar Söderberg and one with FID from one novel each by Émile Zola and Guy de Maupassant, and two by Anatole France. These two corpora were compared in order to examine the influence of grammar, translational norms and individual translators on the final result. Another purpose was to compare the forms of FID in French and Swedish since they differ somewhat. The biggest difference seems to be that Swedish has a greater aptitude for mixing elements from several levels of narration. The study itself is divided in two parts. The first one explores the individual characteristics that create FID, their forms and their translation. There seems to be no syntactical difference in the treatment of personal pronouns, the alterations seem to be the result of a change made by the translators. The treatment of verb tenses and adverbials differs somewhat. One of the characteristics of FID is that it combines deictic adverbials focalised through the characters with verb tenses focalised through the narrator. French adverbials, above all deictic time adverbials, are restricted in that they cannot occur juxtaposed to all verb tenses, whereas Swedish is free to do so to a higher extent, a difference that influences the translation. Verb tenses are also a problem in that the French language has two, passé simple and imparfait, the former rare in FID, where Swedish only has preteritum. Other characteristics of FID, such as repetitions, hesitations, the use of proper names etc. cause fewer problems in translation. The second part of the analysis handles the destiny of all of FID in translation. 91% of the French FID remain in the Swedish translations, whereas 82% remain in the French translations, numbers that show that there is a difference between the languages. This final part also analyses the reasons behind the transformation of FID into other forms of speech rendering in translation, including the translator’s influence over transformations that can be compared to that of the narrator over speech rendering.
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| 24. |
- Jansson, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Effects of one single-dose methylphenidate compared to one single-dose placebo on QbTest performance in adults with untreated ADHD : a randomized controlled trial
- 2023
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In: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-244X. ; 23:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundTreatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) primary involves methylphenidate (MPH). Earlier studies have identified placebo responders to increase toward the end of the treatment periods. However, little is known about the immediate effects of placebo on the core symptoms of ADHD in adults. The present study aimed to examine the effects of one single-dose MPH compared to one single-dose placebo during clinical assessments with continuous performance tests (CPT).MethodsIn a randomized study with cross-over design, 40 adults between 19 and 64 years (72.5% women) with untreated ADHD were consecutively enrolled. The study comprised two trial days with four days in between. The QbTest was performed twice on the same day, before and 80 min after intake of one single-dose 20 mg immediate release methylphenidate (IR-MPH) and with one single-dose placebo, in randomized order.ResultsPerformance improved in QbInattention, F (3, 117) = 38.25, p < 0.001, after given IR-MPH (mean diff = 1.14) and after placebo (mean diff = 0.60) with the effect sizes 1.17 and 0.63 respectively. IR-MPH improved performance in QbActivity (mean diff = 0.81, p < 0.001) and QbImpulsivity (mean diff = 0.46, p < 0.04). The proportion of improvements (a decrease by ≥ 0.5 Qb-score) in the parameters QbInattention, QbActivity and QbImpulsivity were 90%, 60% and 52.5%, respectively. After given placebo, corresponding proportions were 60%, 30% and 35%, respectively.ConclusionsThere seems to be an immediate placebo response in the core symptom inattention. The effect of placebo cannot be ruled out and must be taken in consideration during drug trials with continuous performance tests (CPTs).
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| 25. |
- Jansson, Leif, et al.
(author)
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Pancreatic islet blood flow and its measurement
- 2016
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In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 121:2, s. 81-95
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pancreatic islets are richly vascularized, and islet blood vessels are uniquely adapted to maintain and support the internal milieu of the islets favoring normal endocrine function. Islet blood flow is normally very high compared with that to the exocrine pancreas and is autonomously regulated through complex interactions between the nervous system, metabolites from insulin secreting beta-cells, endothelium derived mediators, and hormones. The islet blood flow is normally coupled to the needs for insulin release and is usually disturbed during glucose intolerance and overt diabetes. The present review provides a brief background on islet vascular function and especially focuses on available techniques to measure islet blood perfusion. The gold standard for islet blood flow measurements in experimental animals is the microsphere technique, and its advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. In humans there are still no methods to measure islet blood flow selectively, but new developments in radiological techniques hold great hopes for the future.
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| 26. |
- Jansson, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Ultrasound Doppler Vector Tomography - Measurements of Directional Blood Flow
- 1997
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In: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. - 0301-5629. ; 23:1, s. 47-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An experimental system has been developed to verify the possibility of detecting flow activity using a technique called ultrasound Doppler vector tomography. A tomography algorithm is used to reconstruct blood flow vector fields using data from computer-controlled ultrasound continuous-wave Doppler scanning equipment. The result is a picture in which the brightness variations represent the reconstructed values of the curl of the velocity field (del x v). Continuous ultrasound is transmitted into a region with flow activity and the Doppler-shifted signals are received. To obtain measurement data suited for fan beam tomography, the scanning is performed in a plane from points encircling the region. Reconstructions have been achieved using measurement data from two different flow phantoms. A comparison between the experimental results and simulations shows good conformity. Copyright (C) 1997 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
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| 27. |
- Karlsson, Ingrid, et al.
(author)
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Coevolution of RANTES sensitivity and mode of CCR5 receptor use by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of the R5 phenotype.
- 2004
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In: Journal of Virology. - 1098-5514 .- 0022-538X. ; 78:21, s. 11807-11815
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor use has been described as the acquisition of CXCR4 use linked to accelerated disease progression. However, CXCR4-using virus can be isolated only from approximately one-half of individuals with progressive HIV-1 disease. The other half continue to yield only CCR5-using viruses (R5 phenotype) throughout the course of disease. In the present work, the use of receptor chimeras between CCR5 and CXCR4 allowed us to study the evolution of HIV-1 with the R5 phenotype, which was not revealed by studies of wild-type coreceptor use. All together, 246 isolates (173 with the R5 phenotype) from 31 individuals were tested for their ability to infect cells through receptor chimeras. R5narrow virus was able to use only wild-type CCR5, whereas R5broad(1) to R5broad(3) viruses were able to use one to three chimeric receptors, respectively. Broad use of chimeric receptors was interpreted as an increased flexibility in the mode of receptor use. R5broad isolates showed higher infectivity in cells expressing wild-type CCR5 than R5narrow isolates. Also, the increased flexibility of R5broad isolates was concomitant with a lower sensitivity to inhibition by the CC chemokine RANTES. Our results indicate a close relationship between HIV-1 phenotypic changes and the pathogenic process, since the mode and efficiency of CCR5 use as well as the decrease in the RANTES sensitivities of isolated viruses are significantly correlated with CD4+-T-cell decline in a patient. One possible explanation is that ligand competition at the CCR5 receptor or changed CCR5 availability may shape the outcome of HIV-1 infection.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Kollberg, Gittan, 1963, et al.
(author)
-
Low frequency of mtDNA point mutations in patients with PEO associated with POLG1 mutations.
- 2005
-
In: European journal of human genetics : EJHG. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 13:4, s. 463-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mitochondrial myopathy in progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) has been associated with POLG1 mutations. POLG1 encodes the catalytic alpha subunit of polymerase gamma and is the only polymerase known to be involved in mtDNA replication. It has two functionally different domains, one polymerase domain and one exonuclease domain with proofreading activity. In this study we have investigated whether mtDNA point mutations are involved, directly or indirectly, in the pathogenesis of PEO. Muscle biopsy specimens from patients with POLG1 mutations, affecting either the exonuclease or the polymerase domain, were investigated. Single cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-deficient muscle fibers were dissected and screened for clonally expanded mtDNA point mutations using a sensitive denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, in which three different regions of mtDNA, including five different tRNA genes, were investigated. To screen for randomly distributed mtDNA point mutations in muscle, two regions of mtDNA including deletion breakpoints were investigated by high-fidelity PCR, followed by cloning and sequencing. Long-range PCR revealed multiple mtDNA deletions in all the patients but not the controls. No point mutations were identified in single COX-deficient muscle fibers. Cloning and sequencing of muscle homogenate identified randomly distributed point mutations at very low frequency in patients and controls (<1:50 000). We conclude that mtDNA point mutations do not appear to be directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial disease in patients with different POLG1 mutations.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Lai, Enyin, et al.
(author)
-
Blood lipids affect rat islet blood flow regulation through beta(3)-adrenoceptors
- 2014
-
In: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 307:8, s. E653-E663
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pancreatic islet blood perfusion varies according to the needs for insulin secretion. We examined the effects of blood lipids on pancreatic islet blood flow in anesthetized rats. Acute administration of Intralipid to anesthetized rats increased both triglycerides and free fatty acids, associated with a simultaneous increase in total pancreatic and islet blood flow. A preceding abdominal vagotomy markedly potentiated this and led acutely to a 10-fold increase in islet blood flow associated with a similar increase in serum insulin concentrations. The islet blood flow and serum insulin response could be largely prevented by pretreatment with propranolol and the selective beta(3)-adrenergic inhibitor SR-59230A. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester prevented the blood flow increase but was less effective in reducing serum insulin. Increased islet blood flow after Intralipid administration was also seen in islet and whole pancreas transplanted rats, i.e., models with different degrees of chronic islet denervation, but the effect was not as pronounced. In isolated vascularly perfused single islets Intralipid dilated islet arterioles, but this was not affected by SR-59230A. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are important for the coordination of islet blood flow and insulin release during hyperlipidemia, with a previously unknown role for beta(3)-adrenoceptors.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Löf, Liza, et al.
(author)
-
Flow Cytometric Measurement of Blood Cells with BCR-ABL1 Fusion Protein in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- 2017
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized in the majority of cases by a t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation, also called the Philadelphia chromosome, giving rise to the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. Current treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is directed against the constitutively active ABL1 domain of the fusion protein, and minimal residual disease (MRD) after therapy is monitored by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) of the fusion transcript. Here, we describe a novel approach to detect and enumerate cells positive for the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein by combining the in situ proximity ligation assay with flow cytometry as readout (PLA-flow). By targeting of the BCR and ABL1 parts of the fusion protein with one antibody each, and creating strong fluorescent signals through rolling circle amplification, PLA-flow allowed sensitive detection of cells positive for the BCR-ABL1 fusion at frequencies as low as one in 10,000. Importantly, the flow cytometric results correlated strongly to those of RQ-PCR, both in diagnostic testing and for MRD measurements over time. In summary, we believe this flow cytometry-based method can serve as an attractive approach for routine measurement of cells harboring BCR-ABL1 fusions, also allowing simultaneously assessment of other cell surface markers as well as sensitive longitudinal follow-up.
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| 34. |
- Mindedal, Annika, 1958-
(author)
-
Texter i NO - finns de? : En studie om textanvändning och textrelaterade samtal i ett fysiktema i skolår 5
- 2011
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis describes a field study in which one teacher and one class in Grade 5, with special focus on four pupils, are observed throughout four lessons of about 80-minutes in Physics. The lessons together deal with a project on Magnetism. The main aim of the thesis is to investigate how the teacher uses texts as a resource when designing and implementing Science lessons (Learning Design Sequences). A further aim is to study what texts are used and produced by both the teacher and the pupils, and how these texts are used. The four lessons were recorded with a video camera and the recordings supplemented by field notes and interviews. All the texts used were copied or photographed. A design theoretical frame and a sociocultural perspective have been applied to analyse both the presence of texts during different stages (activities) of the lessons, and to analyse the text-related interaction and communication that has taken place in the classroom. The results confirm several previous studies and show that the teacher is the main producer and consumer of texts before and during the Science lessons. Textbooks, and texts on the Internet, are only used by the teacher to design the lessons, and are then mediated by the teacher during classroom interaction. The pupils mainly read questions, which they write brief answers to, and also read and copy texts written by the teacher on the white board. One interesting finding is that dialogue concerning texts increases the scientific content, which means more empirical or theoretical descriptions and explanations. To become scientifically literate it is therefore argued that pupils need more practice reading and writing in combination with dialogue and activities in the science classroom.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Olerud, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Neural crest stem cells increase beta cell proliferation and improve islet function in co-transplanted murine pancreatic islets
- 2009
-
In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 52:12, s. 2594-2601
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Long-term graft survival after islet transplantation to patientswith type 1 diabetes is insufficient, necessitating the development of newstrategies to enhance transplant viability. Here we investigated whetherco-transplantation of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) with islets improves islet survival and function in normoglycaemic and diabetic mice. METHODS: Islets alone or together with NCSCs were transplanted under the kidney capsule tonormoglycaemic or alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Grafts were analysed for size,proliferation, apoptosis and insulin release. In diabetic recipients bloodglucose levels were examined before and after graft removal. RESULTS: In mixedtransplants NCSCs actively migrated and extensively associated withco-transplanted pancreatic islets. Proliferation of beta cells was markedlyincreased and transplants displayed improved insulin release in normoglycaemicmice compared with those receiving islet-alone transplants. Mixed grafts survivedsuccessfully and partially restored normoglycaemia in alloxan-induced diabeticmice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Co-grafting of NCSCs with pancreatic isletsimproved insulin release in mixed transplants and enhanced beta cellproliferation, resulting in increased beta cell mass. This co-transplantationmodel offers an opportunity to restore neural-islet interactions and improveislet functions after transplantation.
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| 37. |
- Pettersson, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
-
Two-week treatment with the β3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR59230A normalizes the increased pancreatic islet blood flow in type 2 diabetic GK rats
- 2012
-
In: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 14:10, s. 960-962
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a type 2 diabetes model, has increased pancreatic islet and white adipose tissue (WAT) blood flow, and this can be normalized by acute administration of SR59230A, a beta(3)-adrenoceptor antagonist. We now implanted osmotic pumps which allowed a constant release of saline or SR59230A (0.6 mg/kg x day) for 2 weeks. A decrease in islet blood flow was seen also after 2 weeks of continuous SR59230A treatment in the GK rat. However, no improvement in glucose tolerance was seen in the GK rats. Neither did SR59230A affect insulin secretion from isolated islets in vitro. WAT blood flow was not affected by the 2-week SR59230A treatment. Thus, the increased islet blood flow seen in the GK rat can be normalized for up to 2 weeks, which opens the possibilities for further studies on the long-term functional role on the islet blood flow increase in this type 2 diabetes model.
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| 38. |
- Repits, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
Selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 R5 variants with augmented replicative capacity and reduced sensitivity to entry inhibitors during severe immunodeficiency.
- 2005
-
In: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1465-2099 .- 0022-1317. ; 86:10, s. 2859-2869
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection CCR5-using (R5) viruses predominate. With disease progression, approximately 50 % of infected individuals develop viruses able to use CXCR4. In the present work, the evolution of the biological properties of HIV-1 was studied in patients who retain viruses with an R5 phenotype despite AIDS onset. A panel of primary R5 HIV-1 isolates sequentially obtained at an asymptomatic stage and after AIDS diagnosis was examined. The viruses were selected based on our previous observation that R5 variants with reduced sensitivity to RANTES inhibition may appear during disease progression. Biological properties of the early and late R5 viruses, including infectivity, replicative capacity, impact of cationic polymer and sensitivity to inhibition by the entry inhibitors T-20 and TAK-779, were evaluated. R5 viruses isolated after AIDS onset displayed elevated replicative capacity and infectivity, and did not benefit from cationic polymer assistance during infection. Late R5 isolates also exhibited reduced sensitivity to inhibition by T-20 and TAK-779, even though the included patients were naïve to treatment with entry inhibitors and the isolates had not acquired mutations within the gp41 HR1 region. In addition, CD4+ T-cell counts at the time of R5 virus isolation correlated with infectivity, replicative capacity and sensitivity to inhibition by entry inhibitors. The results indicate that R5 HIV-1 variants with augmented replicative capacity and reduced sensitivity to entry inhibitors may be selected for during severe immunodeficiency. At a time when the clinical use of entry inhibitors is increasing, this observation could be of importance in the optimal design of such treatments.
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| 39. |
- Rådegran, Göran, et al.
(author)
-
Characteristics and survival of adult Swedish PAH and CTEPH patients 2000-2014
- 2016
-
In: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 50:4, s. 243-250
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The Swedish Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Register (SPAHR) is an open continuous register, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients from 2000 and onwards. We hereby launch the first data from SPAHR, defining baseline characteristics and survival of Swedish PAH and CTEPH patients.DESIGN: Incident PAH and CTEPH patients 2008-2014 from all seven Swedish PAH-centres were specifically reviewed.RESULTS: There were 457 PAH (median age: 67 years, 64% female) and 183 CTEPH (median age: 70 years, 50% female) patients, whereof 77 and 81%, respectively, were in functional class III-IV at diagnosis. Systemic hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation were common comorbidities, particularly in those >65 years. One-, 3- and 5-year survival was 85%, 71% and 59% for PAH patients. Corresponding numbers for CTEPH patients with versus without pulmonary endarterectomy were 96%, 89% and 86% versus 91%, 75% and 69%, respectively. In 2014, the incidence of IPAH/HPAH, associated PAH and CTEPH was 5, 3 and 2 per million inhabitants and year, and the prevalence was 25, 24 and 19 per million inhabitants.CONCLUSION: The majority of the PAH and CTEPH patients were diagnosed at age >65 years, in functional class III-IV, and exhibiting several comorbidities. PAH survival in SPAHR was similar to other registers.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Sandberg, Monica, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on insulin release and pancreatic islet blood flow in rats
- 2014
-
In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 119:4, s. 316-323
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. To examine the effects of inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) on islet hormone secretion in vitro and on pancreatic islet blood flow in vivo. Methods. Insulin release was measured in a static incubation system of islets isolated from Wistar-F rats after inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 with SC 560 (COX-1), FR 122047 (COX-1), rofecoxib (COX-2), or indomethacin (both COX-1 and COX-2). In other rats organ blood flow values were measured with a microsphere technique during both normo- and hyperglycemia after administration of these enzyme inhibitors. Results. Serum insulin values were lower after pretreatment with a COX-1 inhibitor or a non-selective COX inhibitor in both control and glucose-injected rats in vivo, whereas COX-2 inhibition had no such effects. However, inhibition of COX had only minor effects on insulin release in vitro. Inhibition of COX affected neither total pancreatic nor islet blood flow in normoglycemic rats. Hyperglycemia caused an increase in both these flow values and in the duodenum. The increase in total pancreatic and duodenal blood flow was prevented by inhibition of COX-2 or non-selective COX inhibition. However, no effects on islet blood flow were seen after COX inhibition. Conclusion. Inhibition of COX affects insulin release and blood glucose concentrations in vivo. However, COX inhibition has only minor effects on pancreatic islet blood flow, but prevents the glucose-induced increase in total pancreatic blood flow.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Sandberg, Monica, et al.
(author)
-
The alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor Antagonist Yohimbine Normalizes Increased Islet Blood Flow in GK Rats : A Model of Type 2 Diabetes
- 2013
-
In: Hormone and Metabolic Research. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0018-5043 .- 1439-4286. ; 45:3, s. 252-254
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Overexpression of alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors contributes to type 2 diabetes in GK rats. We aimed to investigate if alpha(2)-adrenoceptor inhibition affected islet blood flow in these rats. Anesthetized GK and Wistar-F rats were given the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor inhibitor yohimbine (2.5 mg/kg BW) intravenously. The GK rats had higher blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations than WF rats. Yohimbine affected neither of these values in WF rats, but decreased blood glucose and increased serum insulin concentrations in GK rats. Total pancreatic and islet blood flows, measured with microspheres, were increased in GK when compared to WF rats. Yohimbine affected none of the blood flow values in WF rats, whereas islet blood flow in GK rats was reduced to values similar to those seen in WF rats. Overexpression of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors may contribute to the increased islet blood flow seen in GK rats, and may be eligible for pharmacologic intervention.
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| 45. |
- Spaiser, Viktoria, et al.
(author)
-
Identifying Complex Dynamics in Social Systems : A New Methodological Approach Applied to Study School Segregation
- 2018
-
In: Sociological Methods & Research. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0049-1241 .- 1552-8294. ; 47:2, s. 103-135
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is widely recognized that segregation processes are often the result of complex nonlinear dynamics. Empirical analyses of complex dynamics are however rare, because there is a lack of appropriate empirical modeling techniques that are capable of capturing complex patterns and nonlinearities. At the same time, we know that many social phenomena display nonlinearities. In this article, we introduce a new modeling tool in order to partly fill this void in the literature. Using data of all secondary schools in Stockholm county during the years 1990 to 2002, we demonstrate how the methodology can be applied to identify complex dynamic patterns like tipping points and multiple phase transitions with respect to segregation. We establish critical thresholds in schools' ethnic compositions, in general, and in relation to various factors such as school quality and parents' income, at which the schools are likely to tip and become increasingly segregated.
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| 46. |
- Starkhammar, Josefin, et al.
(author)
-
Design and benchmark tests of a hydrophone array system for whale echolocation recordings
- 2012
-
In: Open Journal of Acoustics. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2162-5794 .- 2162-5786. ; 2:3, s. 121-130
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes in depth the design and application considerations of a computer based measurement system enabling 1 MS/s simultaneous sampling of 47 hydrophones for cross sectional recordings of echolocation beams of toothed whales (Odontocetes). An earlier prototype version of the system has previously only been presented as a brief proof of principle that did not offer a complete description of the software and hardware solution. Crucial hardware and software design considerations of the further developed system include the re-arm times of the burst mode sampling and the dual-core distributed execution of the software components. The rearm time was measured to 283 µs, using a 550 µs long sample window around each click. This enables burst mode sampling of clicks with an inter-click interval as short as 833 µs. It is shown through both synthetic benchmark tests of the system and through field measurements of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) that it is capable of acquiring, analyzing and visualizing data in run-time. It operates effectively also in highly reverberant surroundings like concrete pools and shallow waters. Burst mode sampling allows the system to block reflections with 0.3 - 0.5 m longer propagation paths than the direct path. It is suggested that the system’s compliance to reverberant recording sites makes it valuable in future dolphin echolocation studies.
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| 47. |
- Starkhammar, Josefin, et al.
(author)
-
Editorial: 47-channel burst-mode recording hydrophone system enabling measurements of the dynamic echolocation behavior of free-swimming dolphins
- 2009
-
In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : A I P Publishing LLC. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 126:3, s. 959-962
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detailed echolocation behavior studies on free-swimming dolphins require a measurement system that incorporates multiple hydrophones (often andgt; 16). However, the high data flow rate of previous systems has limited their usefulness since only minute long recordings have been manageable. To address this problem, this report describes a 47-channel burst-mode recording hydrophone system that enables highly resolved full beamwidth measurements on multiple free-swimming dolphins during prolonged recording periods. The system facilitates a wide range of biosonar studies since it eliminates the need to restrict the movement of animals in order to study the fine details of their sonar beams.
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| 48. |
- Tabakov, S, et al.
(author)
-
Development of educational image databases and e-books for medical physics training
- 2005
-
In: Medical Engineering & Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4030 .- 1350-4533. ; 27:7, s. 591-598
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Medical physics education and training requires the use of extensive imaging material and specific explanations. These requirements provide an excellent background for application of e-Learning. The EU projects Consortia EMERALD and EMIT developed five volumes of such materials, now used in 65 countries. EMERALD developed e-Learning materials in three areas of medical physics (X-ray diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy). EMIT developed e-Learning materials in two further areas: ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. This paper describes the development of these e-Learning materials (consisting of e-books and educational image databases). The e-books include tasks helping studying of various equipment and methods. The text of these PDF e-books is hyperlinked with respective images. The e-books are used through the readers' own Internet browser. Each Image Database (IDB) includes a browser, which displays hundreds of images of equipment, block diagrams and graphs, image quality examples, artefacts, etc. Both the e-books and IDB are engraved on five separate CD-ROMs. Demo of these materials can be taken from www.emerald2.net.
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| 49. |
- Tabrizi, Fara, et al.
(author)
-
Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI)
- 2023
-
In: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Routledge. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 52:4, s. 295-316
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Psychiatric disorders are common, and reliable measures are crucial for research and clinical practice. A cross-diagnostic construct that can be used to index treatment outcomes as well as prevalence of psychological ill health is psychological flexibility. The aim of this study was to validate a Swedish version of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). The MPFI has 12 subscales, six of which measure flexibility, and six that measure inflexibility. Using confirmatory factor analysis in a community sample of 670 participants, we found that a model with two higher order factors had satisfactory fit (CFI = .933) and a 12-factor model had the best fit to the data (CFI = .955). All 12 subscales showed adequate reliability (CRs = .803-.933) and the factor structure was similar across age groups and gender. Findings suggest that the Swedish version of the MPFI is a reliable instrument that can be used to index psychological flexibility. Potential areas for improvement of the instrument are discussed.
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| 50. |
- Thompson, Luke R., et al.
(author)
-
A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity
- 2017
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 551:7681, s. 457-463
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.
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