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1.
  • Choi, Seungwoo, et al. (author)
  • Kink-Controlled Gold Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Glucose Oxidation
  • 2024
  • In: Nano Letters. - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 24:15, s. 4528-4536
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Enzymes in nature efficiently catalyze chiral organic molecules by elaborately tuning the geometrical arrangement of atoms in the active site. However, enantioselective oxidation of organic molecules by heterogeneous electrocatalysts is challenging because of the difficulty in controlling the asymmetric structures of the active sites on the electrodes. Here, we show that the distribution of chiral kink atoms on high-index facets can be precisely manipulated even on single gold nanoparticles; and this enabled stereoselective oxidation of hydroxyl groups on various sugar molecules. We characterized the crystallographic orientation and the density of kink atoms and investigated their specific interactions with the glucose molecule due to the geometrical structure and surface electrostatic potential.
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2.
  • Hyun, Gyu Hwan, et al. (author)
  • Multivalent Carbohydrate Nanocomposites for Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling to Enhance Antitumor Immunity
  • 2023
  • In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:12, s. 11567-11582
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Current cancer immunotherapeutic strategies mainly focus on remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) to make it favorable for antitumor immunity. Increasing attention has been paid to developing innovative immunomodulatory adjuvants that can restore weakened antitumor immunity by conferring immunogenicity to inflamed tumor tissues. Here, a galactan-enriched nanocomposite (Gal-NC) is developed from native carbohydrate structures through an optimized enzymatic transformation for effective, stable, and biosafe innate immunomodulation. Gal-NC is characterized as a carbohydrate nanoadjuvant with a macrophage-targeting feature. It is composed of repeating galactan glycopatterns derived from heteropolysaccharide structures of plant origin. The galactan repeats of Gal-NC function as multivalent pattern-recognition sites for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Functionally, Gal-NC-mediated TLR activation induces the repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward immunostimulatory/tumoricidal M1-like phenotypes. Gal-NC increases the intratumoral population of cytotoxic T cells, the main effector cells of antitumor immunity, via re-educated TAMs. These TME alterations synergistically enhance the T-cell-mediated antitumor response induced by αPD-1 administration, suggesting that Gal-NC has potential value as an adjuvant for immune checkpoint blockade combination therapies. Thus, the Gal-NC model established herein suggests a glycoengineering strategy to design a carbohydrate-based nanocomposite for advanced cancer immunotherapies.
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