| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Yao, Yunjun, et al.
(author)
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Estimation of high-resolution terrestrial evapotranspiration from Landsat data using a simple Taylor skill fusion method
- 2017
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In: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694. ; 553, s. 508-526
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Estimation of high-resolution terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) from Landsat data is important in many climatic, hydrologic, and agricultural applications, as it can help bridging the gap between existing coarse-resolution ET products and point-based field measurements. However, there is large uncertainty among existing ET products from Landsat that limit their application. This study presents a simple Taylor skill fusion (STS) method that merges five Landsat-based ET products and directly measured ET from eddy covariance (EC) to improve the global estimation of terrestrial ET. The STS method uses a weighted average of the individual ET products and weights are determined by their Taylor skill scores (S). The validation with site-scale measurements at 206 EC flux towers showed large differences and uncertainties among the five ET products. The merged ET product exhibited the best performance with a decrease in the averaged root-mean-square error (RMSE) by 2–5 W/m2 when compared to the individual products. To evaluate the reliability of the STS method at the regional scale, the weights of the STS method for these five ET products were determined using EC ground-measurements. An example of regional ET mapping demonstrates that the STS-merged ET can effectively integrate the individual Landsat ET products. Our proposed method provides an improved high-resolution ET product for identifying agricultural crop water consumption and providing a diagnostic assessment for global land surface models.
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| 4. |
- Bairagi, Samiran, et al.
(author)
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Formation of quaternary Zn(AlxGa1−x)2O4 epilayers driven by thermally induced interdiffusion between spinel ZnGa2O4 epilayer and Al2O3 substrate
- 2023
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In: Materials Today Advances. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0498. ; 20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Zinc aluminogallate, Zn(AlxGa1−x)2O4 (ZAGO), a single-phase spinel structure, offers considerable potential for high-performance electronic devices due to its expansive compositional miscibility range between aluminum (Al) and gallium (Ga). Direct growth of high-quality ZAGO epilayers however remains problematic due to the high volatility of zinc (Zn). This work highlights a novel synthesis process for high-quality epitaxial quaternary ZAGO thin films on sapphire substrates, achieved through thermal annealing of a ZnGa2O4 (ZGO) epilayer on sapphire in an ambient air setting. In-situ annealing x-ray diffraction measurements show that the incorporation of Al in the ZGO epilayer commenced at 850 °C. The Al content (x) in ZAGO epilayer gradually increased up to around 0.45 as the annealing temperature was raised to 1100 °C, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. X-ray rocking curve measurement revealed a small full width at half maximum value of 0.72 °, indicating the crystal quality preservation of the ZAGO epilayer with a high Al content. However, an epitaxial intermediate �–(AlxGa1−x)2O3 layer (� - AGO) was formed between the ZAGO and sapphire substrate. This is believed to be a consequence of the interdiffusion of Al and Ga between the ZGO thin film and sapphire substrate. Using density functional theory, the substitution cost of Ga in sapphire was determined to be about 0.5 eV lower than substitution cost of Al in ZGO. Motivated by this energetically favorable substitution, a formation mechanism of the ZAGO and AGO layers was proposed. Spectroscopic ellipsometry studies revealed an increase in total thickness of the film from 105.07 nm (ZGO) to 147.97 nm (ZAGO/AGO) after annealing to 1100 °C, which were corroborated using TEM. Furthermore, an observed increase in the direct (indirect) optical bandgap from 5.06 eV (4.7 eV) to 5.72 eV (5.45 eV) with an increasing Al content in the ZAGO layer further underpins the formation of a quaternary ZAGO alloy with a tunable composition.
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| 5. |
- Du, Kun, et al.
(author)
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Effect of non-axisymmetric endwall contouring and swirling inlet flow on film cooling performance of turbine endwall
- 2024
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In: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - 0017-9310. ; 229
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-axisymmetric endwall contouring (NEC) is one of the verified approaches to suppress secondary flows and improve aerodynamic performance. However, the design of NEC brings significant challenges to the design of endwall cooling structures. Herein, a pressure-sensitive paint experimental approach was used to obtain the film cooling effectiveness of the NEC endwall with a purge slot in this study. Three NEC types were adopted: NEC (COS), NEC (SIN), and NEC (−SIN). In addition, lean premixed combustion technology was used to achieve lower levels of NOx emissions. The turbine inlet was characterized by high turbulence and strong swirling. The effects of different swirling angles (±10, ±20, and ±30°) and densities were further explored. Due to the NEC profiling changing the secondary flow near the endwall area, coolant from the purge slot was better attached to the slot exit position, leading to a significant increase in the size of the high-cooling-efficiency region. With the mass flow ratio (MFR) varying from 0.5 to 2%, the film cooling effectiveness of the flat and NEC endwalls had similar variation characteristics. When the MFR = 0.5%, the area-averaged cooling efficiencies of the NEC (COS), NEC (SIN), and NEC (−SIN) endwalls could be improved by 2, 12.5, and 20%, respectively. Positive swirling and smaller negative swirling inflow could improve the film cooling effectiveness inside the channel. The case of SA = +20° had the best improvement, where the film cooling effectiveness of the NEC (COS), NEC (SIN), and NEC (−SIN) endwalls could reach up to 29, 35, 36, and 34%, respectively. The NEC (−SIN) endwall was less sensitive to the effects of the swirling inflow.
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| 6. |
- Du, Kun, et al.
(author)
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Non-axisymmetric Endwall film cooling characteristics considering the influences of cylindrical holes and laidback fan-shaped holes
- 2024
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In: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - 0017-9310. ; 225
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Flow fields near the turbine vane endwall are complicated due to the endwall cross flows. The use of a non-axisymmetric endwall is regarded as an efficient technique to reduce the lateral pressure difference, decreasing the endwall cross flow. Numerical analysis was performed to determine how the non-axisymmetric endwall affected the vortex structure and heat transfer level. The cooling performance was investigated with cylindrical and laidback fan-shaped holes (7–7–7), which were arranged in rows aligned in the axial direction. The results showed that the non-axisymmetric endwall could significantly reduce the circumferential pressure difference and suppress the growth of the passage vortex, and the area-averaged heat transfer coefficient was reduced by 3.34%. The outlet area of the film hole was altered by the non-axisymmetric endwall, and the over-cooled regions may have appeared as a result of the excessive area increase. The influence of the non-axisymmetric endwall was concentrated at 0.4 < Z/Cax < 1.0 for the cylindrical hole. With the increase in M, the film cooling effectiveness of the non-axisymmetric endwall attained a higher level than that of the flat endwall. For the laidback fan-shaped hole, the effect of the non-axisymmetric endwall was confined within 0.25 < Z/Cax < 1.0. The half-period trigonometric function of the non-axisymmetric endwall (HTFN) achieved the optimal cooling performance for three blowing ratios. However, the periodic trigonometric function of the non-axisymmetric endwall (PTFN) only outperformed the flat endwall when M= 1.5.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gu, Yeqing, et al.
(author)
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Consumption of ultraprocessed food and development of chronic kidney disease : the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health and UK Biobank Cohort Studies
- 2023
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In: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 117:2, s. 373-382
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundMany ultraprocessed food (UPF)-derived by-products may play a role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although several studies have assessed the association of UPFs with kidney function decline or CKD in various countries, no evidence has been shown in China and the United Kingdom.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and risk of CKD in 2 large cohort studies from China and the United Kingdom.MethodsIn total, 23,775 and 102,332 participants without baseline CKD were enrolled in the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) and UK Biobank cohort studies, respectively. Information on UPF consumption was obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire in the TCLSIH and 24-h dietary recalls in the UK Biobank cohort. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 4.0 and 10.1 y, the incidence rates of CKD were around 1.1% and 1.7% in the TCLSIH and UK Biobank cohorts, respectively. The multivariable hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] of CKD across increasing quartiles (quartiles 1–4) of UPF consumption were 1 (reference), 1.24 (0.89, 1.72), 1.30 (0.91, 1.87), and 1.58 (1.07, 2.34) (P for trend = 0.02) in the TCLSIH cohort and 1 (reference), 1.14 (1.00, 1.31), 1.16 (1.01, 1.33), and 1.25 (1.09, 1.43) (P for trend < 0.01) in the UK Biobank cohort, respectively.ConclusionsOur finding indicated that higher UPF consumption is associated with a higher risk of CKD. Moreover, restricting UPF consumption may potentially benefit the prevention of CKD. Further clinical trials are required to clarify the causality.
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| 9. |
- Jia, Ruo, 1993, et al.
(author)
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A spatio-temporal deep learning model for short-term bike-sharing demand prediction
- 2023
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In: Electronic Research Archive. - : American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS). - 2688-1594. ; 31:2, s. 1031-1047
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bike-sharing systems are widely operated in many cities as green transportation means to solve the last mile problem and reduce traffic congestion. One of the critical challenges in operating high-quality bike-sharing systems is rebalancing bike stations from being full or empty. However, the complex characteristics of spatiotemporal dependency on usage demand may lead to difficulties for traditional statistical models in dealing with this complex relationship. To address this issue, we propose a graph-based neural network model to learn the representation of bike-sharing demand spatial-temporal graph. The model has the ability to use graph-structured data and takes both spatial -and temporal aspects into consideration. A case study about bike-sharing systems in Nanjing, a large city in China, is conducted based on the proposed method. The results show that the algorithm can predict short-term bike demand with relatively high accuracy and low computing time. The predicted errors for the hourly station level usage demand prediction are often within 20 bikes. The results provide helpful tools for short-term usage demand prediction of bike-sharing systems and other similar shared mobility systems.
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| 10. |
- Jia, Ruo, et al.
(author)
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Environmental impact of shared e-scooters in three Swedish cities : insights from big data
- 2024
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In: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 334-335
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- E-scooter sharing has rapidly gained popularity in the past few years, but its actual impact on the environment remains unclear despite numerous discussions. Specifically, the environmental impact of shared e-scooters is intrinsically tied to the usage patterns of travelers, and the degree to which shared e-scooters replace other modes of transport. To this end, we collect data in Sweden and develop a universally applicable framework to quantify and evaluate the effects of shared micro-mobility on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions based on field trip data. Our results suggest that the primary modes replaced by shared e-scooters are walking (64.1%) and public transport (24.7%). A systematic comparison among Swedish cities indicates that, on average, each shared e-scooter trip generates an additional 85g of carbon dioxide when considering the entire life cycle. Our raw dataset consists of trip data of shared e-scooters between 1 January and 31 December 2022, from two companies (TIER and VOI) in Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmo, which are the three biggest cities in Sweden. Based on the trip starting timestamp and coordinates and ending coordinates, the replaced transport mode for every single trip of using e-scooter sharing is inferred using a travel behaviour model (i.e., multinomial logit model). Additionally, the GHG emission factors of different transport modes are estimated through life cycle analysis (LCA) considering different life-cycle components such as production, operation, and disposal of shared e-scooters. Afterwards, the emission reduction due to every e-scooter-sharing trip is quantified. Aggregated level analysis considering all trips in a city over a year is conducted as well. Our results suggest that the substituted travel modes will differ from the location and travel distance of the OD pairs in the transportation system. More importantly, the substituted transport by shared scooters matters in terms of reducing GHG emissions. If users use e-scooters for a trip instead of cars that have high emissions, it will generate GHG emission reduction. In our cases, the negative emission reduction is observed in the central regions of urban areas, indicating that shared e-scooters will increase GHG emissions compared to the scenario without e-scooter sharing.
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| 11. |
- Le Guen, Yann, et al.
(author)
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Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes.
- 2023
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 120:36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.
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| 12. |
- Ma, Tao, et al.
(author)
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Genomic insights into salt adaptation in a desert poplar
- 2013
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 2797-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the high economic and ecological importance of forests, our knowledge of the genomic evolution of trees under salt stress remains very limited. Here we report the genome sequence of the desert poplar, Populus euphratica, which exhibits high tolerance to salt stress. Its genome is very similar and collinear to that of the closely related mesophytic congener, P. trichocarpa. However, we find that several gene families likely to be involved in tolerance to salt stress contain significantly more gene copies within the P. euphratica lineage. Furthermore, genes showing evidence of positive selection are significantly enriched in functional categories related to salt stress. Some of these genes, and others within the same categories, are significantly upregulated under salt stress relative to their expression in another salt-sensitive poplar. Our results provide an important background for understanding tree adaptation to salt stress and facilitating the genetic improvement of cultivated poplars for saline soils.
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| 13. |
- Yao, Yunjun, et al.
(author)
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Assessment and simulation of global terrestrial latent heat flux by synthesis of CMIP5 climate models and surface eddy covariance observations
- 2016
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In: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1923. ; 223, s. 151-167
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The latent heat flux (LE) between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere is a major driver of the global hydrological cycle. In this study, we evaluated LE simulations by 45 general circulation models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) by a comparison with eddy covariance (EC) observations from 240 globally distributed sites from 2000 to 2009. In addition, we improved global terrestrial LE estimates for different land cover types by synthesis of seven best CMIP5 models and EC observations based on a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method. The comparison results showed substantial differences in monthly LE among all GCMs. The model CESM1-CAM5 has the best performance with the highest predictive skill and a Taylor skill score (S) from 0.51-0.75 for different land cover types. The cross-validation results illustrate that the BMA method has improved the accuracy of the CMIP5 GCM's LE simulation with a decrease in the averaged root-mean-square error (RMSE) by more than 3 W/m2 when compared to the simple model averaging (SMA) method and individual GCMs. We found an increasing trend in the BMA-based global terrestrial LE (slope of 0.018 W/m2 yr-1, p <0.05) during the period 1970-2005. This variation may be attributed directly to the inter-annual variations in air temperature (Ta), surface incident solar radiation (Rs) and precipitation (P). However, our study highlights a large difference from previous studies in a continuous increasing trend after 1998, which may be caused by the combined effects of the variations of Rs, Ta, and P on LE for different models on these time scales. This study provides corrected-modeling evidence for an accelerated global water cycle with climate change.
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| 14. |
- Zhang, Hongxia, et al.
(author)
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Effects of angular misalignment in interferometric detection of distributed polarization coupling
- 2009
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In: Measurement science and technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 20:9, s. 095112-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- White light interferometry is used to measure the distributed polarization coupling (DPC) in polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs). By using a scanning Michelson interferometer to compensate the optical path difference (OPD) induced by the modal birefringence of PMFs, both the coupling strength and positions of the coupling points can be acquired. In ideal DPC measurement, the two reflective mirrors on the fixed and scanning arms of the Michelson interferometer are normal to each other. But in practice, the movable reflective mirror cannot be aligned normally to the fixed mirror exactly, which leads to an angular misalignment. The angular misalignment causes a variation of the OPD, which will reduce the fringe visibility. The theoretical simulation is investigated correspondingly. Consequently, the angular error leads to the miscalculation of the polarization coupling intensity. Based on the experimental results, a revised coupling strength calculation equation is proposed to minimize the influence of angular misalignment.
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| 15. |
- Zhang, Hongxia, et al.
(author)
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Improved low concentration gas detection system based on intracavity fiber laser
- 2011
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In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 82:2, s. 023104-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The improvement of a low concentration gas detection system based on the intracavity fiber laser is proposed in this paper. The sensitivity of the system is deduced based on Lambert-Beer law. The optimized system was established with the gas cell made elaborately. In order to apply the wavelength sweeping technique, the fiber Bragg grating reflector was substituted by the wavelength independent Faraday rotation reflector. The sensitivity of the system for acetylene detection is reduced to less than 100 ppm by using the average of three absorption spectra. The acetylene detection coefficients of variation with different concentrations are measured. The gas measurement system is validated to detect low concentration gas effectively.
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| 16. |
- Zhang, Shunming, et al.
(author)
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Added sugar intake and its forms and sources in relation to risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease : results from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health cohort study
- 2023
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In: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 129:12, s. 2094-2101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It has been suggested that added sugar intake is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, previous studies only focused on sugar-sweetened beverages; the evidence for associations with total added sugars and their sources is scarce. This study aimed to examine the associations of total added sugars, their physical forms (liquid vs. solid), and food sources with risk of NAFLD among adults in Tianjin, China. We used data from 15,538 participants, free of NAFLD, other liver diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes at baseline (2013-2018 years). Added sugar intake was estimated from a validated 100-item food frequency questionnaire. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography after exclusion of other causes of liver diseases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to calculate hazards ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD risk with added sugar intake. During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 3,476 incident NAFLD cases were documented. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and its change from baseline to follow-up, lifestyle factors, personal and family medical history, and overall diet quality, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of NAFLD risk were 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) for total added sugars, 1.20 (1.08, 1.33) for liquid added sugars, and 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) for solid added sugars when comparing the highest quartiles of intake with the lowest quartiles of intake. In this prospective cohort of Chinese adults, higher intakes of total added sugars and liquid added sugars, but not solid added sugars, were associated with a higher risk of NAFLD.
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| 17. |
- Zhang, Shunming, et al.
(author)
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Adherence to a healthy lifestyle including sleep and sedentary behaviors and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Chinese adults
- 2024
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In: Preventive Medicine. - 0091-7435. ; 184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Various lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet quality, sleep behavior, and overweight have been related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); however, their joint impact on risk of MASLD is not well known. We prospectively investigated the association between a combination of lifestyle factors and risk of MASLD. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 13,303 participants (mean age: 39.1 ± 11.3 years, female: 60.1%) in China. A novel healthy lifestyle score was created combining seven healthy factors: not smoking, no alcohol intake, regular physical activity, short sedentary time, healthy diet, healthy sleep, and healthy weight. Incident MASLD cases were ascertained annually by liver ultrasound and cardiometabolic risk factors. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of healthy lifestyle score with risk of MASLD. Results: Within 48,036 person-years of follow-up, 2823 participants developed MASLD. After adjusting for age, sex, education, occupation, household income, personal and family history of disease, and total energy intake, compared with participants with 0–2 healthy lifestyle factors, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of MASLD were 0.81 (0.73, 0.89), 0.67 (0.61, 0.75), and 0.55 (0.49, 0.62) for healthy lifestyle score of 3, 4, and 5–7, respectively (P for trend <0.0001). Such associations were consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Our results indicate that a higher healthy lifestyle score is associated with a lower risk of MASLD.
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| 18. |
- Zhang, Shunming, et al.
(author)
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Dairy intake and risk of type 2 diabetes : results of a large prospective cohort
- 2023
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In: Food & Function. - 2042-6496. ; 14:21, s. 9695-9706
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: Previous studies of primarily Western populations have consistently documented a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among people with a higher yogurt intake, but an inconsistent association with milk intake. However, little is known about the association between dairy intake and risk of T2D among Chinese adults who consume considerably less dairy (mainly milk and yogurt) compared with Western populations. The aim is to investigate the associations of dairy intake with the risk of incident T2D in the general adult population in China. Methods: This cohort study consisted of 22 843 participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes at the baseline. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire at the baseline (2013-2018); dairy intake was categorized into tertiles after zero consumers were taken as the reference. Incident T2D was ascertained by medical examinations and self-report of physician-diagnosed diabetes during follow-up visits. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In total, 735 incident T2D cases were recorded over a median follow-up of 4.0 years. Relative to zero consumers, the HRs (95% CIs) for incident T2D among participants in the highest tertiles were 0.70 (0.57, 0.87) for total dairy, 0.73 (0.60, 0.90) for milk, and 0.81 (0.66, 1.00) for yogurt. Such associations were slightly attenuated by additional adjustment for the body mass index. In addition, such inverse associations were robust in sensitivity analyses and consistent in most of the subgroups defined by baseline characteristics. Conclusion: Higher intakes of total dairy, milk, and yogurt were all associated with a lower risk of T2D among Chinese adults.
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| 19. |
- Zhang, Shunming, et al.
(author)
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Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease : a prospective cohort study
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 76:8, s. 1125-1132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/objectives: Diet is an important factor that can exacerbate or ameliorate chronic inflammation, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no prospective study has yet investigated the relation between the inflammatory potential of diet and NAFLD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and the risk of NAFLD. Subject/methods: The study included 12,877 participants aged over 18 years (mean [standard deviation]: 39.4 [11.5] years). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline through food frequency questionnaires. Using white blood cell count as the inflammatory marker, we newly created a dietary inflammatory potential score by reduced rank regression and stepwise linear regression. NAFLD was identified by abdominal ultrasound during yearly health checkups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between the dietary inflammatory potential score and the risk of NAFLD. Results: During a median follow-up period of 4.2 years, 2744 first incident cases of NAFLD occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, the multivariable hazards ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD across increasing quartiles of the dietary inflammatory potential score were 1.00 (reference), 1.01 (0.90, 1.13), 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), and 1.26 (1.13, 1.41), with P for trend <0.0001. This positive association appeared greater in men than in women (P for interaction = 0.02). Conclusions: Our results indicate that a dietary pattern with high inflammatory potential is associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. Such findings provide the support that inflammation may be a potential mechanism linking diet to the risk of NAFLD.
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| 20. |
- Zhang, Shunming, et al.
(author)
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Protein foods from animal sources and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in representative cohorts from North and South China
- 2023
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 293:3, s. 340-353
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that animal protein foods may increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We therefore examined the NAFLD risk reduction related to substituting plant protein foods for animal protein foods.METHODS: The cohort in North China included 14,541 participants from the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) study, and the cohort in South China included 1297 participants from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Dietary intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. NAFLD was ascertained by abdominal ultrasound. The Cox model was used to fit the substitution analysis.RESULTS: In the TCLSIH cohort, when replacing one type of animal protein food (eggs, processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, and fish) with an equivalent serving of plant protein foods (nuts, legumes, and whole grains), the replacement of animal protein foods with whole grains showed the strongest benefit; substituting one serving per day of whole grains for an equal amount of eggs (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79, 1.00), processed meat (HR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.91), unprocessed red meat (HR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.00), poultry (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.92), or fish (HR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97) was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD. In both the TCLSIH and GNHS cohorts, replacing poultry with fish, nuts, legumes, or whole grains was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD. When different numbers of protein foods were simultaneously replaced, the risk reduction of NAFLD was stronger.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that replacing animal protein foods with plant protein foods is related to a significant reduction in NAFLD risk.
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| 21. |
- Zhang, Zhe, et al.
(author)
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How do travel characteristics of ridesplitting affect its benefits in emission reduction? evidence from Chengdu
- 2023
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In: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - 1361-9209. ; 123
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ridesplitting, a shared mobility service, has the potential to reduce traffic-related air pollution. This study evaluates the impacts of ridesplitting on reducing different types of emissions and investigate how travel characteristics of ridesplitting affect emission reduction based on a ridesourcing dataset in Chengdu, China. First, this study quantifies the influence of ridesplitting on emissions reduction compared to single ride (i.e., non-ridesplitting) for each trip. The results indicate that a ridesplitting trip averagely reduce CO2, CO, NOx, and HC emissions by 34.52%, 5.98%, 33.10%, and 13.42%, respectively. Subsequently, using explainable machine learning, we quantitatively analyze how the travel characteristics of ridesplitting affect emission reduction at two levels. At the trip level, shared travel distance, shared travel time, delay, and detour are important factors for emission reduction. At the grid level, the number of orders that match co-riders within the same spatial community is more important than the total number of orders.
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