| 1. |
- Furukawa, Toshi A., et al.
(author)
-
Dismantling, optimising, and personalising internet cognitive behavioural therapy for depression : a systematic review and component network meta-analysis using individual data
- 2021
-
In: Lancet psychiatry. - London, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 2215-0374 .- 2215-0366. ; 8:6, s. 500-511
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Findings We identified 76 RCTs, including 48 trials contributing individual participant data (11 704 participants) and 28 trials with aggregate data (6474 participants). The participants' weighted mean age was 42.0 years and 12 406 (71%) of 17 521 reported were women. There was suggestive evidence that behavioural activation might be beneficial (iMD -1.83 [95% credible interval (CrI) -2.90 to -0.80]) and that relaxation might be harmful (1.20 [95% CrI 0.17 to 2.27]). Baseline severity emerged as the strongest prognostic factor for endpoint depression. Combining human and automated encouragement reduced dropouts from treatment (incremental odds ratio, 0.32 [95% CrI 0.13 to 0.93]). The risk of bias was low for the randomisation process, missing outcome data, or selection of reported results in most of the included studies, uncertain for deviation from intended interventions, and high for measurement of outcomes. There was moderate to high heterogeneity among the studies and their components. 511
|
|
| 2. |
- Johansson, Pernilla, et al.
(author)
-
Utveckling och validering av modeller för att prediktera mögelväxt i byggnader
- 2018
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this project we have tested a mould model originally developed by Skanska (the m-model) and a method developed by RISE in Sweden (the GLC-method) on data from both laboratory and field measurements. The laboratory measurements had durations of a few months and were made in climate chambers at RISE; the field measurements were made in 12 buildings during 30 months. In both cases, temperature, relative humidity and mould growth was assessed on six different materials. The results were used to investigate if the m-model or the GLC-method could predict when there was mould growth. Both methods could differentiate between the (dry) cases without mould and the (moist) cases with mould. However, we could not find mould resistance parameters for the tested materials to be used with the m-model. This could be because the m-model cannot predict mould growth well enough, but it can also be because the types of measurements that we have made have relative large uncertainties in relative humidity. Isotheral calorimetry was also investigated as an interesting method to study how drying affects the activity of mould fungi.
|
|
| 3. |
- Abrahams, Harriët J. G., et al.
(author)
-
Moderators of the effect of psychosocial interventions on fatigue in women with breast cancer and men with prostate cancer : Individual patient data meta-analyses
- 2020
-
In: Psycho-Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1057-9249 .- 1099-1611. ; 29:11, s. 1772-1785
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectivePsychosocial interventions can reduce cancer‐related fatigue effectively. However, it is still unclear if intervention effects differ across subgroups of patients. These meta‐analyses aimed at evaluating moderator effects of (a) sociodemographic characteristics, (b) clinical characteristics, (c) baseline levels of fatigue and other symptoms, and (d) intervention‐related characteristics on the effect of psychosocial interventions on cancer‐related fatigue in patients with non‐metastatic breast and prostate cancer.MethodsData were retrieved from the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) consortium. Potential moderators were studied with meta‐analyses of pooled individual patient data from 14 randomized controlled trials through linear mixed‐effects models with interaction tests. The analyses were conducted separately in patients with breast (n = 1091) and prostate cancer (n = 1008).ResultsStatistically significant, small overall effects of psychosocial interventions on fatigue were found (breast cancer: β = −0.19 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = −0.30; −0.08]; prostate cancer: β = −0.11 [95%CI = −0.21; −0.00]). In both patient groups, intervention effects did not differ significantly by sociodemographic or clinical characteristics, nor by baseline levels of fatigue or pain. For intervention‐related moderators (only tested among women with breast cancer), statistically significant larger effects were found for cognitive behavioral therapy as intervention strategy (β = −0.27 [95%CI = −0.40; −0.15]), fatigue‐specific interventions (β = −0.48 [95%CI = −0.79; −0.18]), and interventions that only targeted patients with clinically relevant fatigue (β = −0.85 [95%CI = −1.40; −0.30]).ConclusionsOur findings did not provide evidence that any selected demographic or clinical characteristic, or baseline levels of fatigue or pain, moderated effects of psychosocial interventions on fatigue. A specific focus on decreasing fatigue seems beneficial for patients with breast cancer with clinically relevant fatigue.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dam-Larsen, Sanne, et al.
(author)
-
Best practice in placement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension tube for continuous infusion of levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel in the treatment of selected patients with Parkinsons disease in the Nordic region
- 2015
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : TAYLOR and FRANCIS LTD. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 50:12, s. 1500-1507
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. Continuous infusion of levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is associated with a significant improvement in the symptoms and quality of life of selected patients with advanced Parkinsons disease. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG/J) was first described in 1998 and has become the most common and standard technique for fixing the tubing in place for LCIG infusion. Material and methods. A workshop was held in Stockholm, Sweden, to discuss the PEG/J placement for the delivery of LCIG in Parkinsons disease patients with the primary goal of providing guidance on best practice for the Nordic countries. Results. Suggested procedures for preparation of patients for PEG/J placement, aftercare, troubleshooting and redo-procedures for use in the Nordic region are described and discussed. Conclusions. LCIG treatment administered through PEG/J-tubes gives a significant increase in quality of life for selected patients with advanced Parkinsons disease. Although minor complications are common, serious complications are infrequent, and the tube insertion procedures have a good safety record. Further development of delivery systems and evaluation of approaches designed to reduce the demand for redo endoscopy are required.
|
|
| 5. |
- Everling, Sanne, et al.
(author)
-
The effect of temperature and behaviour on the interaction between two dragonfly larvae species within the native and expanded range
- 2022
-
In: Ecological Entomology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0307-6946 .- 1365-2311. ; 47:3, s. 460-474
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies on interaction between species are needed to observe and predict the effects of climate change on species distributions. Here we studied intra- and interspecific competition and behaviour in larvae of a native and a northward expanding dragonfly species, Sympetrum vulgatum and Sympetrum fonscolombii, respectively. We estimated growth, mortality, and behaviour (prey capture success, activity, and boldness) at 20 degrees C and 23 degrees C. The northward expanding S. fonscolombii had a higher growth rate and a higher survival compared with the native S. vulgatum in interspecific competition. In intraspecific conditions, there was no significant difference between species in mortality and growth. Temperature had no significant effect on growth and survival of S. fonscolombii, but S. vulgatum showed both a higher growth rate and a higher mortality at 23 degrees C under intraspecific conditions. There was a correlation between growth and mortality, suggesting that cannibalism and intraguild predation caused the growth differences between treatments in the competition experiments. Temperature had no significant effect on any of the behaviours. There were very few significant correlations between any of the behaviours and the life-history traits survival and growth and there were also very few significant correlations between any of the behaviours. Repeatability of behaviours over ontogeny was low. The results of the present study suggest that the range expanding S. fonscolombii has the potential to outcompete the native species, but that this competition advantage does not seem to be driven by the temperature effects explored in this study.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Gaston-Johansson, F., et al.
(author)
-
A comparative study of feelings, attitudes and behaviors of patients with fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis.
- 1990
-
In: Social science & medicine. - 0277-9536. ; 31:8, s. 941-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this explorative study was to administer a battery of questionnaires related to a broad number of psychosocial factors in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FS). By doing this, psychological factors associated with the consequences of chronic pain in patients with FS could be identified and studied in more depth. Thirty-one patients with FS were compared to 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with regard to feelings about self, pain/ache preoccupation, support from significant others, psychosomatic symptoms, activities of daily living, job satisfaction, and future expectations. The results of the study showed that patients with FS had significantly more negative feelings toward themselves, were more preoccupied with thinking about their pain/ache, received more practical help from significant others, experienced more limitations with regard to activities of daily living, and experienced more negative feelings about employment than patients with RA. Patients with FS were also more pessimistic about future employment than RA patients.
|
|
| 8. |
- Gunnarsson, Josefin, et al.
(author)
-
Så kan företag arbeta med EPD – fördelar, råd och regelverk
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport är den första av två leveranser från ett forskningsprojekt som finansierats av Trä- och Möbelföretagen (TMF) och Stiftelsen IVL.I projektet har denna vägledning skapats som syftar till att pedagogiskt beskriva EPD, hur de skapas och hur informationen i dem kan tillämpas. Vägledningen riktar sig främst till företag som planerar eller nyligen påbörjat sitt arbete med EPD. Under projektet har även två webinarium anordnats som syftat till att ge grundläggande kunskap om LCA och EPD och där innehållet i vägledningen varit i fokus.
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansson, Håkan, et al.
(author)
-
Arena för hållbar omställning av transportsektorn i ett transporteffektivt samhälle
- 2024
-
In: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 205-206
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Med forskningsmedel från Trafikverket har Trivector Traffic och IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet studerat möjligheterna för målstyrd planering av transportinfrastrukturen, samt utvecklat ett ramverk för en transformativ omställning till ett transporteffektivt och tillgängligt samhälle. Inom projektet har vetenskaplig och grå litteratur studerats inom två områden:Styrmedelspaket för transporteffektivitet med synergieffekter för olika hållbarhetsmål Processer för att nå samsyn kring utformning av gemensamma målbilder, styrmedel, åtgärder och metoder för att nå transporteffektivitet och olika hållbarhetsmål.Resultaten visar på behovet av minskad biltrafik och ökad transporteffektivitet för att uppnå klimatmål och socialt hållbara lokalsamhällen. En hållbar tillgänglighet kan skapas genom hållbar mobilitet, närhet och digital uppkoppling. Detta kan åstadkommas med styrmedelspaket som kombinerar åtgärder som underlättar för gång, cykel och kollektivtrafik med sådana som gör det svårare och dyrare att använda och äga egen bil i staden. Styrmedelspaketen ger positiva sidoeffekter för flera andra hållbarhetsmål samtidigt som de bidrar till ökad acceptans för omställningen.För att skapa ett mer transporteffektivt samhälle krävs samverkan och samordning av insatser. För en transport och samhällsplanering i samverkan föreslår vi en arena för kontinuerlig gemensam planering. På denna arena samverkar representanter från Trafikverket, region, kommun, samt intressenter för näringsliv och ideell sektor med tydliga mandat för att nå gemensamma mål om ett transporteffektivt och hållbart samhälle med mindre biltrafik.
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, Sanne
(author)
-
Alger och mögel trivs på ytor av tunnputs
- 2008
-
In: Husbyggaren. - 0018-7968. ; :2, s. 88-89
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Putsade fasader har utöver fukt också problem med mögel. Särskilt om ytan är täckt av ett skikt tunnputs. Den tunna putsen kyls av på natten och blir kallare än nattluften. I den kondens som uppstår på fasaden trivs alger och mögelsvampar.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Johansson, Sanne
(author)
-
Biological growth on mineral façades
- 2006
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During the last years there has been reported considerable and rapid contamination on newly built rendered façades in Sweden due to biological growth. The problem is believed to occur mostly on façades of render applied on thermal insulation, but apart from this it is difficult to find clear relationships indication which façades might be infected. The aim of this project is to explain why certain façades gets heavy biological growth while other seemingly similar do not. We will do that with comparing biological knowledge with building physical and -technical knowledge. One of the major approaches in this project is to investigate building façades. We have investigated several buildings with discolored façades, mostly in Skåne, the southern most part of Sweden, and tried to identify the organisms growing. The most dominating organisms we found growing on the façades were lichens and algae. In addition we have investigated building façades with organized patterns of small round areas where no growth occur on otherwise quite fouled façades. These small round areas appears then on the façade as “white dots”. Further investigations of the façades show that the “white dots” appear at each fastener placed under the rendering to fasten the thermal insulation to the structural wall behind. We believe that the fasteners are heat bridges, with higher outer surface temperature and therefore a lower surface relative humidity at which no microbial growth occurs. Results from computer simulations showed that the fasteners are heat bridges and in cases with thin layers of thermal insulation and rendering give a 1-2 K higher night-time temperatures than the rest of the façade which made a difference in relative humidity at 11%. This small difference in temperature gives high enough differences in moisture state to almost prevent microbial growth above the fasteners. As we know that organisms need a high relative humidity to grow, these results could explain the uneven distribution of biological growth on the façades with “white dots”. Temperature and relative humidity measurements on façades of thin rendering on thermal insulation (light façades) and brick wall with rendering (heavy façades) shows that light façades are more directly influenced by the weather conditions than the heavy façades. The temperature varied much more on the light façades than the on the heavy façades; in a day of October 2005 the temperature varied from 60.4°C during daytime to -0.4°C during the next night. During nights there is no difference between the lowest temperatures on the light façades on the south- and north-facing façades. The light façades gets colder in the night then the heavy façades due to the lower heat capacity in the construction, whereas the heavy façades with the higher heat capacity can store the heat from daytime during night. The red-colored façades, which had a higher temperature than the white-colored façades, have a significantly lower relative humidity with a difference of 20% relative humidity if it was not fully overcast. The relative humidity during night on the south-facing façades shows that the white-colored heavy façade had a higher maximum relative humidity with approximately difference of 10% relative humidity during night than the red-colored light façade in spite of the higher minimum temperature during night on the white-colored heavy façade. The results from the temperature measurements above the fasteners show that the fasteners are heat bridges that increase the façade surface a few degrees during night, but also in the winter on the north-facing façade during daytime. We will continue our measurements of temperature and relative humidity on heavy and light façades in addition with investigations of biological growth on both the above façades and on newly built light façades. Also biological growth will be studied on samples with thin rendering on thermal insulation where we will investigate different abiotic factors on the samples. By this we hope to understand the mineral façade as a biological habitat and learn more about the organisms living there and which abiotic and biotic factors that control the growth.
|
|
| 13. |
- Johansson, Sanne
(author)
-
Biological growth on rendered façades
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Biological organisms have an incredible ability to adapt to almost any environment and the humans activities on earth have created many new habitats for different kinds of organisms. For example can certain organisms grow on rocks and vertical cliffs, and when humans started building houses with mineral based façades, some organisms found that these were new habitats to live on. Some of these expansions of habitats to our houses are not desirable for the us humans and are considered as “contaminations". Even if this contamination sometimes only is an aesthetically problem, some contamination is highly unwanted because it can be unhealthy for the inhabitants - for example the growth of moulds - or it can degrade the building materials it grows on -as for example wood-degrading fungi. For an organism to grow in a certain environment, different requirements on abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic (biological) factors have to be fulfilled. Suitable conditions for growth of organisms on façades are certain ranges in temperature and a high moisture level (RH), but also the surface structure, nutrient availability, pH, cardinal direction etc. might be influencing. Different organisms have different demands on these factors and it is a complex interaction of these different factors that decides if an organism can grow in a certain environment. The last decades many houses in Sweden have been built with constructions of thin rendering on thermal insulation, a so called ETICS construction (External Thermal Insulation Construction System). This construction consist most often of a framework of wooden studs with thermal insulation in between, and gypsum boards or cement based boards on both sides. On the outside a thermal insulation layer is applied and the render is then applied directly on the outside of this thermal insulation layer. This is a an efficient and compact construction which is easy to produce. However, many of these constructions have experienced discolourations from growth of algae and moulds on the façades already a few years after construction. It has not always been possible to explain this discolouration. Sometimes one part of the façade had discolorations and another part of the same façade did not. One possible explanation for the fast growth of organisms is the external rendering layer (on thermal insulation that has a low heat capacity and during night the long-wave radiation from the material to the sky can contribute to a lower temperature on the surface than the temperature in the air -on clear nights, when the heat loses through long-wave radiation is high. The lowered surface temperature then causes the RH on the surface to increase, sometimes giving condensation -which increases the risk of biological growth. In this project we have compared temperatures and RH on surfaces on façade elements in a test house with constructions with low heat capacity in the outermost layer (light walls) and constructions with a high heat capacity in the outermost layer (heavy walls). Simulations of the growth risk showed that thin rendering on thermal insulation has a higher growth risk that traditionally render on bricks especially on the north side. On the south side the most important factor was the surface colour. In our study we compared a red and a white surface, and since dark surface colours absorbs more short-wave radiation from the sun they have a higher temperature during daytime and therefore a lower RH on the surface. Another factor which might influence the growth risk is the surface structure of the render. We fabricated specimens with different renders with different surface structures and with a thin and thick rendering layer (3mm and 20mm, respectively) and exposed the specimens outdoors for four years. This study showed that algaes preferred a very rough surface structure while moulds (Cladosporium sp.) also grew on more smooth surfaces. In addition we found that algaes most often grew on the north side whereas moulds rather grew on the south side (Cladosporium has a dark pigment in the cells which protects against radiation from the sun). Furthermore we found a connection between the amount of growth and the season of the year. The biological growth was more clearly seen during spring and especially autumn and occasionally seemed to disappear during summer and winter. It was found that thin (3-4mm) and thick (20mm) render on thermal insulation had the same amount of discolouration. The activity of photosynthetic organisms -algae, lichens and mosseson façades can be measured with Imaging-PAM. This is an instrument that measures the chlorophyll fluorescence and gives an indirect measure of photosynthetic activity. A pilot study was performed where we -during three days in the autumn- studied algae and mosses growing on render. Algae dries out easily and is dependent of moisture from the surroundings and showed the highest activity during mornings before the sun dried them out. The mosses were active a greater part of the day; they are able to some extent store water in their leaves and is not as dependent on moisture from the surroundings as algae. Another method for measuring activity of biological organisms is isothermal calorimetry which measures the produced heat from an organism’s metabolism. In this project we tested a new type of calorimeter that measures activity at four different temperatures at the same time. With measurements of a moss (Tortula ruralis) we found that it was possible to get an activity measure at four different temperatures at the same time, thus being able to get an understanding of how the temperature influences the activity. This method should therefore be very useful in future studies of activity of different types of biological organisms. The aim of this project was to investigate constructions of thin rendering on thermal insulation and the biological organisms growing on the façades of these constructions. With a multidisciplinary approach we have increased the knowledge of the façade as a habitat, the organisms growing, and their interactions with different biotic and abiotic factors.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Johansson, Sanne, et al.
(author)
-
Biologisk påväxt på mineraliska fasader
- 2005
-
In: Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X. ; :8, s. 12-14
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I maj 2004 påbörjades ett nytt projekt vid Lunds Tekniska Högskola som handlar om biologisk påväxt på mineraliska fasader. Projektet finansieras av FORMAS. Bakgrunden till projektet var att flera fall av nybyggda putsade fasader fick kraftig påväxt inom bara några år efter putsningen. Flera pilotförsök blev genomförda för att undersöka problemet i detalj och en sammanfattning av dessa redovisades i Bygg & Teknik 8/2002. Syftet med det nya projektet är att undersöka ovanstående problem genom att kombinera byggnadsteknisk kunskap med biologisk kunskap om de organismer vi finner på fasader.
|
|
| 17. |
- Johansson, Sanne, et al.
(author)
-
Biologisk påväxt på putsade fasader
- 2007
-
In: Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X. ; :8, s. 42-43
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vid Byggnadsmaterial LTH studerar vi biologisk påväxt på putsade fasader. Förutom mögel och bakterier som inte gör fotosyntes, så är samtliga andra organismer som växer på fasader fotosyntetiskt aktiva: alger, lavar och mossor. Vårt huvudintresse ligger i att beskriva samspelet mellan klimatet (främst temperatur och fukt) på fasaden, typ av fasad (isolering, putstjocklek, ytskikt, färgtyp etc.) och den biologiska aktiviteten.
|
|
| 18. |
- Johansson, Sanne, et al.
(author)
-
Estimation of mould growth levels on rendered facades based on surface RH and surface temperature measurements
- 2010
-
In: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-684X .- 0360-1323. ; 45, s. 1153-1160
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many façades made with thin rendering on thermal insulation have problems with biological growth. In this study surface temperature and surface RH were monitored over a 20 month period on test house façades with different constructions (thermal inertia), surface color and compass directions. This data were used to test three theoretical indices of biological growth with the aim of indicating the potential of mould growth on different types of rendered façades. The result show that thin renderings on thermal insulation have significantly higher surface humidities compared to façade constructions with higher thermal inertia and therefore have a higher potential for mould growth. The color is the most important factor for the surface humidity levels on south facing façades (on the northern hemisphere) as darker surfaces absorb more solar radiation and therefore have a higher average temperature. On a north facing façade the heat storage capability of the façade and its effect on the surface temperature is most import
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Johansson, Sanne, et al.
(author)
-
Risk for Mould Growth on Hemp-Lime at Different Relative Humidity
- 2021
-
In: Bio-Based Building Materials : Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials (ICBBM 2021), June 16-18, 2021, Barcelona, Spain - Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials (ICBBM 2021), June 16-18, 2021, Barcelona, Spain. - 2674-1237 .- 2674-1229. - 9783035726992 - 9783035736991 ; 3, s. 588-594
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microbial growth often thrives in humid conditions, at high relative humidity. Moulds are complex organisms; many types of mould are able to survive strong variations in humidity and temperature, such as those on building façades. For some building materials a critical relative humidity is determined, which functions as a theoretical threshold; at this (or lower) relative humidity microbial growth will likely not occur. Hemp-lime is a building material that consists of hemp shiv (the woody core parts of the hemp stem) and building lime. It is a material that can be used for walls, and even though it has been used for more than 20 years, thusfar little is known about its critical moisture levels for microbial growth. The aim of this research was therefore to determine at what relative humidity microbial growth occurs on carbonated hemp-lime material, and to study if there is a protective influence of a carbonated lime binder on the hemp shiv. The objective was to study microbial growth on hemp shiv, hemp-lime and on hemp with a thin layer of lime at three relative humidity (75 %, 85 % and 95 %) and at two different temperatures (15°C and 23°C); conditions that could occur naturally in a hemp-lime façade exposed to high rain loads in a northern European climate. Hemp shiv seems to have a relatively low resistance to microbial growth, similar to that of wood. However, because the hemp is protected by lime it can withstand much higher relative humidity without microbial growth occurring on the material. The critical moisture level for hemp-lime seemed to occur between 75 and 85 % RH, while the material was completely without microbial growth at 75 % RH. The lime had a protective effect on the hemp and acted as a mould inhibitor, both over time and with varying temperature and humidity.
|
|
| 21. |
- Johansson, Sanne, et al.
(author)
-
Why do we often get biological growth on thin rendering on thermal insulation constructions?
- 2008
-
In: Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Contries. - 9788778772657 ; 2, s. 919-926
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- If one takes a closer look at almost any building facade one will find biological growth. Although this can be seen as an integral part of an antique building, for modern buildings it is in most cases seen as an aesthetical problem. All building facades will most likely be discolored by biological growth by time, but in Sweden we have had many cases of newly built rendered facades that have been discolored much more rapidly than usual. The problem is believed to occur mainly on thin rendering applied on thermal insulation -which is a common building facade construction in Sweden -but apart from this, it is difficult to find clear indications of which facades that will be affected. As it is well known that different biological organisms has different requirements in physical factors (especially temperature and relative humidity) for germination and growth on any substrate, it is important to define which conditions the organisms needs to grow on a building fasade. We have studied the temperature and relative humidity conditions on the surfaces of different rendered facade constructions. We find that the surface temperature on a facade of thin rendering on thermal insulation drops quickly during nights, as these constructions have low heat capacity in the rendering layer. This leads to high relative humidity and even condensation, during clear nights. Other abiotic factors that seem also to influence the risk for growth are surface color and rendering structure. From the temperature and relative humidity measurements in this study, we aim at giving insight of the surface climate on a building façade in order to fully understand the rendered façade as a biological habitat.
|
|
| 22. |
- Johansson, Sanne, et al.
(author)
-
Wood-water interactions in brown-rot decayed wood characterized by Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LFNMR)
- 2017
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It is a trivial fact that water is needed for decay of wood by brown rot fungi, but when this is looked at in more detail, there are several fundamental questions concerning water and decay that are not solved. The purpose of this study is to study how the wood-water interaction is changed during degradation of brown-rot fungi of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) grown at two different parts of Sweden and if it is changed in a way that facilitates further decay. We use Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LFNMR) equipment to measure on water-saturated samples degraded by the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta and exposed to different moisture conditions. With the LFNMR technique, it is possible to distinguish between water in different physical and chemical environments (pore sizes, water-pore wall interactions) and it is therefore possible to study how wood-water interactions changes with different degree of degradation. This conference proceeding concerns part of a larger experiment which is not completely evaluated and only results from the NMR-study will be shown here.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Meinderts, Sanne M., et al.
(author)
-
Human and murine splenic neutrophils are potent phagocytes of IgG-opsonized red blood cells
- 2017
-
In: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 1:14, s. 875-886
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Red blood cell (RBC) clearance is known to occur primarily in the spleen, and is presumed to be executed by red pulp macrophages. Erythrophagocytosis in the spleen takes place as part of the homeostatic turnover of RBCs to remove old RBCs. It can be strongly promoted by immunoglobulin G (IgG) opsonization of RBCs, a condition that can occur as a consequence of autoantibody or alloantibody formation. The purpose of our study was to investigate which phagocytes are involved in IgG-mediated RBC clearance in the human spleen. We developed a highly specific in vitro assay to monitor RBC phagocytosis in total human splenocytes. Surprisingly, we have found that whereas homeostatic clearance of RBCs is primarily a task for splenic macrophages, neutrophils and, to a lesser extent, also monocytes can be a major factor in clearance of IgG-opsonized RBCs. Erythrophagocytosis by neutrophils is strongly dependent on the degree of opsonization of the RBCs. Additionally, the process is enhanced after blocking the "do not eat me" signal CD47 on the opsonized RBCs, which binds signal regulatory protein a, a myeloid inhibitory receptor that restricts phagocytosis. Moreover, RBCs isolated from autoimmune hemolytic anemia patients, opsonized by auto-IgGs, were shown to be readily phagocytosed by neutrophils. Finally, priming of neutrophils by inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor a and lipopolysaccharide further increases the magnitude of erythrophagocytosis. Collectively, our data suggest that neutrophils contribute significantly to the phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized RBCs, especially under inflammatory conditions. This indicates a hereto unanticipated contribution of neutrophils in RBC phagocytosis, especially under pathological conditions such as alloimmunization or autoimmunization.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Sanne, Johan M., et al.
(author)
-
Målstyrd planering - Processer, metoder, styrmedel och åtgärder för ett transporteffektivt samhälle
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten beskriver resultatet av en förstudie som utförts av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet och Trivector Traffic AB, med finansiering från Trafikverket (TRV 2020/119125). Förstudiens syfte var att identifiera nödvändiga komponenter för det tidiga planeringsskedet med att komma överens om mål, metoder och åtgärder för transport- och samhällsplanering i samverkan mellan olika aktörer för att nå transporteffektivitet och olika hållbarhetsmål såsom till hälsa, socialt hållbara lokalsamhällen och klimatmål. Med tidigt skede menas innan konkreta styrmedel, åtgärder och infrastrukturer diskuteras och utformas. Vi har analyserat vetenskaplig litteratur och grå litteratur inom två områden:Styrmedelspaket för transporteffektivitet med synergieffekter för olika hållbarhetsmålProcesser och arenor för att nå samsyn kring utformning av gemensamma målbilder, styrmedel, åtgärder och metoder för att nå transport-effektivitet och olika hållbarhetsmål.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Shehata, Adam, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
Conceptualizing long-term media effects on societal beliefs
- 2021
-
In: Annals of the International Communication Association. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2380-8985 .- 2380-8977. ; 45:1, s. 75-93
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article critically examines long-term media effects in communication research. Focusing on news exposure, the purpose is to provide a review and theoretical conceptualization of long-term effects on societal beliefs. The first part presents an empirical overview of research published in leading communication journals. While longitudinal studies are not uncommon, few have an explicit and elaborated focus on long-term influences. To advance future research, the second part builds on cognitive schema theory to develop three distinct ways of conceptualizing long-term effects: in terms of (a) effect duration, (b) effect mechanisms and (c) effect dynamics. Finally, the third part condenses a comprehensive literature review into a multilevel framework model of factors contributing to long-term media effects on societal beliefs.
|
|
| 29. |
- Tschiderer, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Age at menopause and the risk of stroke : observational and mendelian randomization analysis in 204 244 postmenopausal women
- 2023
-
In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : American Heart Association Inc.. - 2047-9980. ; 12:18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Observational studies have shown that women with an early menopause are at higher risk of stroke compared with women with a later menopause. However, associations with stroke subtypes are inconsistent, and the causality is unclear.METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed data of the UK Biobank and EPIC-CVD (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Diseases) study. A total of 204 244 postmenopausal women without a history of stroke at baseline were included (7883 from EPIC-CVD [5292 from the subcohort], 196 361 from the UK Biobank). Pooled mean baseline age was 58.9 years (SD, 5.8), and pooled mean age at menopause was 47.8 years (SD, 6.2). Over a median follow-up of 12.6 years (interquartile range, 11.8–13.3), 6770 women experienced a stroke (5155 ischemic strokes, 1615 hemorrhagic strokes, 976 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 639 subarachnoid hemorrhages). In multivariable adjusted observational Cox regression analyses, the pooled hazard ratios per 5 years younger age at menopause were 1.09 (95% CI, 1.07–1.12) for stroke, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.06–1.13) for ischemic stroke, 1.10 (95% CI, 1.04–1.16) for hemorrhagic stroke, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.08–1.20) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.84–1.20) for subarachnoid hemorrhage. When using 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, we found no statistically significant association between genetically proxied age at menopause and risk of any type of stroke.CONCLUSIONS: In our study, earlier age at menopause was related to a higher risk of stroke. We found no statistically significant association between genetically proxied age at menopause and risk of stroke, suggesting no causal relationship.
|
|
| 30. |
- Wadsö, Lars, et al.
(author)
-
Biological applications of a new isothermal calorimeter that simultaneously measures at four temperatures
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1588-2926 .- 1388-6150 .- 1572-8943. ; 104:1, s. 119-126
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Isothermal calorimetry is a powerful technique for the study of kinetics of physical, chemical, and biological processes, for example, of their temperature dependence. A new heat conduction calorimeter that simultaneously makes measurements on four samples at four different temperatures is presented in this article. Results from tests with four biological systems (milk fermentation, carrot juice spoilage, sunflower seed germination, and moss respiration) are shown. In all the cases, the instrument could measure the heat production rate-and thus the process rate-at the different temperatures used.
|
|
| 31. |
- Wadsö, Lars, et al.
(author)
-
Monitoring of fungal colonization of wood materials using isothermal calorimetry
- 2017
-
In: International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-8305 .- 1879-0208. ; 120, s. 43-51
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have developed a method based on isothermal calorimetry to monitor the colonization of wood materials by decay fungi. The heat produced is a direct and continuous measure of the activity (respiration) of the fungus. This pre-study shows that wood materials treated in different ways give results that reflect the known ranking of the materials regarding resistance to decay. In addition to this, the 40 days measurements show several phases and periods of oscillating respiration. As the calorimeter continuously monitors the colonization and degradation process, this method provides more information than classical/standardized decay tests in which typically only the final mass loss is determined.
|
|
| 32. |
- Wadsö, Lars, et al.
(author)
-
The activity of rot fungi (Postia placenta) during drying and rewetting cycles measured by isothermal calorimetry
- 2013
-
In: Engineering in Life Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1618-2863 .- 1618-0240. ; 13:6, s. 536-540
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rot fungi are a major problem in the construction sector, and method to study under which moisture and temperature coefficients they grow are therefore of significant interest. Measurements of heat production rate have been made on wood samples with the brown rot fungus Postia placenta at different moisture contents (MCs). The results clearly show the heat production rate (a measure of respiration rate and fungal activity) is moisture-dependent. For most cases, less heat was produced when the MC was decreased, and more heat was produced when the MC was increased. It was also found that when the MC increased after a dry period, the increase in activity was significantly delayed. However, if the moisture state was then kept constant at a high level, the activity slowly increased, showing that the fungi need time to recover back to the original activity level after drying. Isothermal calorimetry is a measurement technique well suited for the study of the activity of wood-decaying fungi as a function of temperature and moisture content.
|
|
