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| 4. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
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Study of leading hadrons in gluon and quark fragmentation
- 2006
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 643:3-4, s. 147-157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study of quark jets in e(+)e(-) reactions at LEP has demonstrated that the hadronisation process is reproduced well by the Lund string model. However. our understanding of gluon fragmentation is less complete. In this study enriched quark and gluon jet samples of different purities are selected in three-jet events from hadronic decays of the Z collected by the DELPHI experiment in the LEP runs during 1994 and 1995. The leading systems of the two kinds of jets are defined by requiring a rapidity gap and their sum of charges is studied. An excess of leading systems with total charge zero is found for gluon jets in all cases, when compared to Monte Carlo simulations with JETSET (with and without Bose-Einstein correlations included) and ARIADNE. The corresponding leading systems of quark jets do not exhibit such an excess. The influence of the gap size and of the gluon purity on the effect is studied and a concentration of the excess of neutral leading systems at low invariant masses (less than or similar to 2 GeV/c(2)) is observed, indicating that gluon jets might have an additional hitherto undetected fragmentation mode via a two-gluon system. This could be an indication of a possible production of gluonic states as predicted by QCD.
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| 5. |
- Schael, S., et al.
(author)
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Electroweak measurements in electron positron collisions at W-boson-pair energies at LEP
- 2013
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 532:4, s. 119-244
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the electron positron collider LEP at CERN from 1995 to 2000 are reported. The combined data set considered in this report corresponds to a total luminosity of about 3 fb(-1) collected by the four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, 13 and OPAL, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130 GeV to 209 GeV. Combining the published results of the four LEP experiments, the measurements include total and differential cross-sections in photon-pair, fermion-pair and four-fermion production, the latter resulting from both double-resonant WW and ZZ production as well as singly resonant production. Total and differential cross-sections are measured precisely, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model at centre-of-mass energies never explored before in electron positron collisions. Final-state interaction effects in four-fermion production, such as those arising from colour reconnection and Bose Einstein correlations between the two W decay systems arising in WW production, are searched for and upper limits on the strength of possible effects are obtained. The data are used to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory. Among others, the mass and width of the W boson, m(w) and Gamma(w), the branching fraction of W decays to hadrons, B(W -> had), and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings g(1)(Z), K-gamma and lambda(gamma), are determined to be: m(w) = 80.376 +/- 0.033 GeV Gamma(w) = 2.195 +/- 0.083 GeV B(W -> had) = 67.41 +/- 0.27% g(1)(Z) = 0.984(-0.020)(+0.018) K-gamma - 0.982 +/- 0.042 lambda(gamma) = 0.022 +/- 0.019. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2011
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 8. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 11. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2012
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 108:26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 12. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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- 2013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(author)
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The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
- 2008
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In: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08003
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.
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| 26. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
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A study of b(b)over-bar production in e(+)e(-) collisions at root s=130-207 GeV
- 2009
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 60:1, s. 1-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measurements are presented of R-b, the ratio of the b (b) over bar cross-section to the q (q) over bar cross-section in e(+)e(-) collisions, and the forward-backward asymmetry A(FB)(b) at twelve energy points in the range root s = 130-207 GeV. These results are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations. The measurements are used to set limits on new physics scenarios involving contact interactions.
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| 27. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
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A study of the b-quark fragmentation function with the DELPHI detector at LEP I and an averaged distribution obtained at the Z Pole
- 2011
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 71:2, s. 1557-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The nature of b-quark jet hadronisation has been investigated using data taken at the Z peak by the DELPHI detector at LEP. Two complementary methods are used to reconstruct the energy of weakly decaying b-hadrons, E-B(weak). The average value of x(B)(weak) = E-B(weak)/E-beam is measured to be 0.699 +/- 0.011. The resulting x(B)(weak) distribution is then analysed in the framework of two choices for the perturbative contribution (parton shower and Next to Leading Log QCD calculation) in order to extract measurements of the non-perturbative contribution to be used in studies of b-hadron production in other experimental environments than LEP. In the parton shower framework, data favour the Lund model ansatz and corresponding values of its parameters have been determined within PYTHIA 6.156 from DELPHI data: a = 1.84(-0.21)(+0.23) and b = 0.642(-0.063)(+0.073) GeV-2, with a correlation factor rho = 92.2%. Combining the data on the b-quark fragmentation distributions with those obtained at the Z peak by ALEPH, OPAL and SLD, the average value of x(B)(weak) is found to be 0.7092 +/- 0.0025 and the non-perturbative fragmentation component is extracted. Using the combined distribution, a better determination of the Lund parameters is also obtained: a = 1.48(-0.10)(+0.11) and b = 0.509(-0.023)(+0.024) GeV-2, with a correlation factor rho = 92.6%.
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| 28. |
- Abdallah, J, et al.
(author)
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Correlations between polarisation states of W particles in the reaction e(-)e(+)-> W-W+ at LEP2 energies 189-209 GeV
- 2009
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 63:4, s. 611-623
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a study of the reaction e(-)e(+)-> W-W+ with the DELPHI detector, the probabilities of the two W particles occurring in the joint polarisation states transverse-transverse (T T), longitudinal-transverse plus transverse-longitudinal (LT) and longitudinal-longitudinal (LL) have been determined using the final states WW -> lvq (q) over bar (l = e, mu). The two-particle joint polarisation probabilities, i.e. the spin density matrix elements rho T T, rho LT, rho LL, are measured as functions of the W- production angle, theta(W-), at an average reaction energy of 198.2 GeV. Averaged over all cos.W-, the following joint probabilities are obtained: (rho) over barT T = (67 +/- 8)%, (rho) over barL T = (30 +/- 8)%, (rho) over barL T = (3 +/- 7)%. These results are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions of 63.0%, 28.9% and 8.1%, respectively. The related polarisation cross-sections sigma(TT), sigma(LT) and sigma(LL) are also presented.
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| 29. |
- Abdallah, J, et al.
(author)
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Inclusive single-particle production in two-photon collisions at LEP II with the DELPHI detector
- 2009
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 678:5, s. 444-449
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A study of the inclusive charged hadron production in two-photon collisions is described. The data were collected with the DELPHI detector at LEP II. Results on the inclusive single-particle p(T) distribution and the differential charged hadrons d sigma/dp(T) cross-section are presented and compared to the predictions of perturbative NLO QCD calculations and to published results. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
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Measurements of CP-conserving trilinear gauge boson couplings WWV (V gamma, Z) in e(+)e(-) collisions at LEP2
- 2010
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 66:1-2, s. 35-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The data taken by DELPHI at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 209 GeV are used to place limits on the CP-conserving trilinear gauge boson couplings Delta g(1)(Z), lambda(gamma) and Delta k(gamma) associated to W+W- and single W production at LEP2. Using data from the jjl nu, jjjj, jjX and lX final states, where j,l and X represent a jet, a lepton and missing four-momentum, respectively, the following limits are set on the couplings when one parameter is allowed to vary and the others are set to their Standard Model values of zero: Delta g(1)(Z) =-0.025-(+0.033)(0.030,), lambda(gamma) = 0.002(-0.035)(+0.035) and Delta k(gamma) = 0.024(-0.081)(+0.077). Results are also presented when two or three parameters are allowed to vary. All observations are consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model and supersede the previous results on these gauge coupling parameters published by DELPHI.
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| 31. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
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Search for one large extra dimension with the DELPHI detector at LEP
- 2009
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 60:1, s. 17-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Single photons detected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP2 in the years 1997-2000 are reanalysed to investigate the existence of a single extra dimension in a modified ADD scenario with slightly warped large extra dimensions. The data collected at centre-of-mass energies between 180 and 209 GeV for an integrated luminosity of similar to 650 pb(-1) agree with the predictions of the Standard Model and allow a limit to be set on graviton emission in one large extra dimension. The limit obtained on the fundamental mass scale M-D is 1.69 TeV/c(2) at 95% CL, with an expected limit of 1.71 TeV/c(2).
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| 32. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
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Search for pentaquarks in the hadronic decays of the Z boson with the DELPHI detector at LEP
- 2007
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 653:2-4, s. 151-160
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The quark model does not exclude states composed of more than three quarks, like pentaquark systems. Controversial evidence for such states has been published in the last years, in particular: for a strange pentaquark Theta(1540)(+); for a double-strange state, the Xi(1862)(--), subsequently called Phi(1860)--; and for a charmed state, the Theta(c)(3100)(0). If confirmed, a full pentaquark family might exist; such pentaquark states could be produced in e(+)e(-) annihilations near the Z energy. In this Letter a search for pentaquarks is described using the DELPHI detector at LEP, characterized by powerful particle identification sub-systems crucial in the separation of the signal from the background for these states. At 95% CL, upper limits are set on the production rates N of such particles and their charge-conjugate state per Z decay: N-Theta+ x Br(Theta(+) -> pK(S)(0)) < 5.1 x 10(-4), N Theta++ < 1.6 x 10(-3), N Phi(1860)-- x Br((P(1860)-- -> Xi(-)pi(-)) < 2.9 x 10(-4), N-Theta c(3100)0 x Br(Theta(c)(3100)(0) -> D*(+)p) < 8.8 x 10(-4).
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| 33. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
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Search for single top quark production via contact interactions at LEP2
- 2011
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 71:2, s. 1555-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Single top quark production via four-fermion contact interactions associated to flavour-changing neutral currents was searched for in data taken by the DELPHI detector at LEP2. The data were accumulated at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 189 to 209 GeV, with an integrated luminosity of 598.1 pb(-1). No evidence for a signal was found. Limits on the energy scale Lambda, were set for scalar-, vector- and tensor-like coupling scenarios.
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| 34. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
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Study of the dependence of direct soft photon production on the jet characteristics in hadronic Z (0) decays
- 2010
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In: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 67:3-4, s. 343-366
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An analysis of the direct soft photon production rate as a function of the parent jet characteristics is presented, based on hadronic events collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP1. The dependences of the photon rates on the jet kinematic characteristics (momentum, mass, etc.) and on the jet charged, neutral and total hadron multiplicities are reported. Up to a scale factor of about four, which characterizes the overall value of the soft photon excess, a similarity of the observed soft photon behavior to that of the inner hadronic bremsstrahlung predictions is found for the momentum, mass, and jet charged multiplicity dependences. However for the dependence of the soft photon rate on the jet neutral and total hadron multiplicities a prominent difference is found for the observed soft photon signal as compared to the expected bremsstrahlung from final state hadrons. The observed linear increase of the soft photon production rate with the jet total hadron multiplicity and its strong dependence on the jet neutral multiplicity suggest that the rate is proportional to the number of quark pairs produced in the fragmentation process, with the neutral pairs being more effectively radiating than the charged ones.
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| 35. |
- Abdallah, J., et al.
(author)
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Z gamma* production in e(+) e(-) interactions at root s=183-209 GeV
- 2007
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 51:3, s. 503-523
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measurements of Z gamma* production are presented using data collected by the DELPHI detector at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 183 to 209 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 667 pb(-1). The measurements cover a wide range of the possible final state four-fermion configurations: hadronic and leptonic (e(+) e(-) q (q) over bar, mu(+) mu(-) q (q) over bar ,q (q) over barv (v) over bar), fully leptonic (l(+) l(-) l' (+) l'(-)) and fully hadronic. nal states (q (q) over barq (q) over bar, with a low mass q (q$) over bar pair). Measurements of the Z gamma* cross-section for the various. nal states have been compared with the Standard Model expectations and found to be consistent within the errors. In addition, a total cross-section measurement of the l(+) l(-) l'(+)l'(-) cross-section is reported, and found to be in agreement with the prediction of the Standard Model.
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| 36. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 37. |
- Elleby, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
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Long term association of hip fractures by questions of physical health in a cohort of men and women
- 2023
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:3 MARCH
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We do not know if fracture predicting factors are constant throughout life, if they can be assessed earlier in life, and for how long. The aim was to study the association between questions about health status and mobility and fragility fractures in a cohort during a 35-year follow-up. A cohort of 16,536 men and women in two age groups, 26–45 and 46–65 years old, who answered five questions of their physical health status in postal surveys in 1969–1970. We obtained data on hip fractures from 1970 to the end of 2016. We found most significant results when restricting the follow-up to age 60–85 years, 35 for the younger age group and 20 years for the older. Men of both age groups considered “at risk” according to their answers had a 2.69 (CI 1.85–3.90)– 3.30 (CI 1.51–7.23) increased risk of having a hip fracture during a follow-up. Women in the younger age group had a 2.69 (CI 1.85–3.90) increased risk, but there was no elevated risk for women in the older age group. This study shows that questions/index of physical health status may be associated with hip fractures that occur many years later in life, and that there is a time span when the predictive value of the questions can be used, before other, age-related, factors dominate. Our interpretation of the results is that we are studying the most vulnerable, who have hip fractures relatively early in life, and that hip fractures are so common among older women that the questions in the survey lose their predictive value.
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| 38. |
- Halldén, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Omsorgsbegreppet i förskolan : Olika infallsvinklar på ett begrepp och dess relation till en verksamhet. Rapport från nätverk för barnomsorgsforskning, Göteborg 20-21 novemberg 2000
- 2001
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport innehåller texter som presenterats vid en konferens arrangerad inom ramen för Nätverk för barnomsorgsforskningi . Syftet med konferensen var att lyfta upp begreppet omsorg, diskutera dess innebörd, rädda det från retorisk förflackning och samtidigt via dess koppling till verksamheter belysa ett vidare sammanhang. När bamforskning diskuteras har jag på senare tid funnit det väsentligt att peka på att den har en kapacitet att kasta ljus över centrala samhällsfrågor. Forskning om barn bör inte bara vara en forskning om en viss grupp i samhället. Den nyare bamdomsforskningen söker tillämpa ett bamperspektiv. Detta innebär att fenomen studeras såsom de framstår från barnens perspektiv och att inverkan av olika sociala reformer, politiska förändringar och produktion av varor på barns liv belyses. Det handlar alltså både om att söka efter barnens perspektiv och att söka efter konsekvenserna för barnen av olika samhälleliga förändringar. Nya fålt som t.ex. barndomshistoria, barndomssociologi och barndomsantropologi har uppstått och begreppet generation har införts för att markera vikten av att anlägga ett generationsperspektiv på frågor som vanligtvis grupperats på annat sätt.
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| 39. |
- Johansson, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Växtnäring från trekammarbrunnar för hållbar produktion av energigräs : rapportering för åren 2007 och 2008
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det långsiktiga målet för projekt ”Växtnäring från trekammarbrunnar för hållbar produktion av energigräs” är att visa på hållbara metoder för produktion av fleråriga energigräs på energiåkrar som gödslas med trekammarbrunnsslam. Uppnås projektets långsiktiga mål innebär det en mer hållbar odling av energigräs för produktion av fordonsbränsle (biogas och bioetanol) eller fastbränsle. I större skala innebär det en ökad återföring av växtnäring från samhället till jordbruket, via trekammarbrunnsslam från landsbygden. Det innebär en minskad användning av fossil energi genom minskade transporter av trekammarbrunnsslam till reningsverk, minskat behov av konstgödsel vid odling av energigräsen och genom att energigräsen kan ersätta fossil energi. Växtnäringen i trekammarbrunnsslammet uppgraderas via odling och användning av energigräsen som biogassubstrat alt. som fastbränsle när de växtnäringsrika restprodukterna (biogödsel eller aska) blir så rena att de kan användas som gödselmedel vid livsmedels- och foderproduktion. Se rapportens framsida som schematiskt visar hur trekammarbrunnsslam kan ingå i ett kretslopp. Det kortsiktiga målet för projektet är att utvärdera möjligheterna att nyttiggöra trekammarbrunnsslam som en växtnäringsresurs vid odling av fleråriga energigräs såsom rörflen och biogasvall på energiåkrar i jämförelse med ett nytt högavkastande energigräs Szarvasi-1. Detta sker genom odlingsförsök med energigräsen, analyser och värdering av dessa för olika energiändamål, hygieniska studier på trekammarbrunnsslammet samt kemiska analyser av åkermarken och av trekammarbrunnsslammet som används i odlingsförsöken. I denna rapport redovisas resultat från 1)Etablering av energigräsen i odlingsförsök 2)Utvärdering av trekammarbrunnsslammet som en växtnäringsresurs 3)Utvärdering av hygienisering av trekammarbrunnsslammet med tillsats av urea 4)Studier av produktion av bioetanol och biogas baserad på energigräs. Trekammarbrunnsslammet har en betydligt sämre kvalitet ur växtnärings- och metallsynpunkt än både nötflytgödsel och klosettvatten från slutna avloppstankar. Koppar- och zinkhalterna i trekammarbrunnsslam kan överskrida gränsvärdena enligt reglerna för spridning av avloppsslam på åkermark. Hygienisering med 0,6 % urea i 3 månader visade sig ge en acceptabel hygienisk kvalitet för användning av trekammarbrunnsslam i energiodling. Halterna av miljöstörande organiska ämnen ligger långt under riktvärdena för avloppsslam. Kombinerad produktion av etanol och biogas från ångbehandlad hampa gav i labskala 20-25% högre bruttoproduktion av drivmedel jämfört med att endast göra biogas från finhackad hampa. Det som återstår att studera är: a)Hygieniseringens effektivitet på indikatororganismerna vid olika doser av urea b)Hygieniska gränsvärden vid spridning av trekammarbrunnsslam i växande energigröda c)Energigräsens potential för produktion av bioetanol och biogas vid olika skördetidpunkter d)Energigräsens potential som stråbränsle vid olika skördetidpunkter e)Gödslingseffektiviteten och energibalansen vid olika användningar av energigräsen f)Eventuell ackumulation av metaller och organiska föroreningar i energiåkern. The long-term objective of the project ‘Plant nutrients from three-chamber septic tanks in sustainable production of energy grass’ is to demonstrate sustainable methods for the production of perennial grass leys on arable land dedicated to energy crops fertilised with sewage sludge from three-chamber septic tanks. Achievement of this long-term objective will allow more sustainable production of energy grass for use as vehicle fuel (biogas and bioethanol) or solid fuel. On a larger scale it will increase recycling of plant nutrients from society to agriculture via three-chamber septic tank sludge from rural homes. That will decrease the use of fossil energy indirectly by decreasing the need for mineral fertilisers and for sludge transport to sewage plants, and directly through biofuel made from the energy grass replacing fossil energy. The plant nutrients in the sludge are upgraded through the cultivation of energy grass and its use as a biogas substrate or solid fuel, since the nutrient-rich residues (biodigestate or ash) are so well-sanitised that they can be used as a fertiliser in food and feed production. The diagram on the front cover shows how three-chamber septic tank sludge can be incorporated into nutrient recycling. The short-term objective of the project was to assess the potential for utilising three-chamber septic tank sludge as a plant nutrient resource in the cultivation of perennial energy grasses such as reed canarygrass and biogas leys on arable land dedicated to energy crops, in comparison with the high-yielding energy grass Szarvasi-1. This was achieved through cropping trials with the energy grasses, analyses and evaluations of these for different energy purposes, hygiene studies on the three-chamber septic tank sludge and chemical analyses of the soil and the sludge used in the cropping trials. This report presents results on: 1)Establishment of energy grass in cropping trials. 2)Evaluation of three-chamber septic tank sludge as a plant fertiiser. 3)Evaluation of sludge sanitation through the addition of urea. 4)Preliminary studies of bioethanol and biogas production based on energy grass The three-chamber septic tank sludge is of much lower quality from a nutrient and metal perspective than cattle manure or blackwater from holding tanks. The copper and zinc concentrations in the sludge can exceed the permissible values for spreading sewage sludge on arable land. Sanitation with 0.6% urea for three months was shown to give acceptable hygiene quality for use of the three-chamber septic tank sludge in energy crops. The concentrations of organic environmental pollutants were well below the permissible values for sewage sludge. The next phase of the project will examine: a)The efficacy of sanitation at different doses of urea. b)Permissible hygiene values for spreading three-chamber septic tank sludge in growing energy grass. c)The potential of energy grasses for production of bioethanol and biogas at different harvesting times. d)The potential of energy grasses as a solid fuel at different harvesting times. e)The fertiliser efficiency and energy balance for energy grass. f)The incidence of metal and organic pollutant accumulation in energy grass fields.
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| 40. |
- Johansson, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Växtnäring från trekammarbrunnar till energigräs
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En slutsats som dragits inom projektet är att själva kretsloppet för växtnäringsinnehållet i trekammarbrunnsslam inte är den viktigaste frågan ur hållbarhetssynpunkt vid odling av energigräs, eftersom återföringen av växtnäring med trekammarbrunnsslam, främst fosfor och kalium, är mycket begränsad. I stället är själva nyttjandet av energigräset som råvara för produktion av förnybara drivmedel mycket viktigare ur hållbarhetssynpunkt. Hållbarheten i systemet ligger i att energigräset kan omvandlas till förnybara drivmedel, såsom biogas och bioetanol, vilka ersätter bensin och diesel, som har en mycket stor klimatpåverkan. Enligt litteraturuppgifter ger en vallgröda på ca 9 ton torrsubstans (ts) per ha och år, en reduktion av växthusgasemissioner med ca 6 ton CO2-ekv. per hektar och år, under förutsättning att fordonsgas i form av metan produceras av vallgrödan och biogödseln, som kvarstår efter rötningen av vallgrödan, ersätter mineralgödsel på produktiv åkermark. Inom projektet har vi uppnått skördar på 5 - 15 ton ts per ha och år beroende på odlingslokal och vilket energigräs som odlats, om gräset varit gödslat eller ogödslat samt om baljväxter ingått i ”biogasvallen”. Skördenivåer i detta intervall tyder på att man kan uppnå ett hållbart system för produktion av biogas baserat på energigräs, enligt EU:s nuvarande hållbarhetskriterier (en CO2-reduktion på minst 35 %) för förnybara drivmedel, oberoende om gräset gödslas med trekammarbrunnsslam eller ej. Särskilt stor klimatnytta uppnås vid användning av biogasvallar som innehåller både gräs och baljväxter, eftersom dessa ger hög biomassaavkastning helt utan kvävegödsling. Biogaspotentialen hos de energigräs och biogasvallar som studerats i projektet ligger normalt i intervallet 250 – 350 l CH4 per kg VS, beroende på skördetidpunkt och förbehandlingsmetod. Att använda energiåkrar för odling av fleråriga energigräs där biomassan används för produktion av biogas, bioetanol eller fastbränsle innebär flera miljövinster, mest påtagligt genom minskad klimatpåverkan, eftersom fossil energi ersätts, men även genom att fleråriga grödor har lägre behov av insatser i form av jordbearbetning och ogräsbekämpning och lagrar in mer kol i rötterna och marken än ettåriga grödor. Ytterligare miljövinster kan erhållas om biomassa skördas på ogödslade energiåkrar nära känsliga vattenmiljöer, eftersom man då kan transportera bort växtnäring till produktiv åkermark, som annars skulle kunna orsaka övergödning. Vid användning av energigräs som biogassubstrat kan biogödseln, som blir kvar efter rötningen, användas som ett värdefullt gödselmedel inom ekologisk eller konventionell odling. Biogödseln innehåller lättillgänglig växtnäring och om den används för gödsling av livsmedelsgrödor på åkermark sker en stor miljövinst genom ersättning av mineralgödsel. För att trekammarbrunnsslam skall kunna användas som ett gödselmedel till energigräs så krävs det en hygienisering genom t.ex. tillsats av minst 0,6 % urea och lagring i minst 3 månader. Hygienisering med urea medför dock att trekammarbrunnsslammet får ett relativt högt kväveinnehåll i jämförelse med andra viktiga växtnäringsämnen, såsom fosfor och kalium. Detta innebär att fosfor och kalium måste tillföras med andra gödselmedel för att energiåkern inte skall lida brist på dessa växtnäringsämnen på längre sikt. Tillförseln av tungmetaller med det hygieniserade trekammarbrunnsslammet till energiåkern bedöms vara något större jämfört med om källsorterat klosettvatten eller nötflytgödsel används som gödselmedel till energigräsen. Halterna av miljöstörande organiska ämnena i trekammarbrunnsslam ligger dock långt under riktvärdena för avloppsslam enligt slamöverenskommelsen. Allt detta visar att hygieniserat trekammarbrunnsslam kan användas som en växtnäringsresurs vid odling av energigräs eller biogasvallar på energiåkrar, men att hygieniserat klosettvatten skulle vara ett väl så bra alternativ.
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| 41. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 42. |
- Leanderson, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Musculoskeletal injuries in young ballet dancers
- 2011
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In: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347 .- 0942-2056. ; 19:9, s. 1531-1535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, site and type of injury, and the most common injury diagnoses in young ballet dancers at the Royal Swedish Ballet School, a public school in Stockholm. Methods This retrospective study of 476 students (297 girls and 179 boys) aged 10-21 years was based on medical records for the period August 1988 to June 1995. Data on diagnosis, site of injury and type of injury were collected, and the injuries were classified as traumatic or due to overuse. Results In total, 438 injuries were recorded. The injury incidence rate was 0.8 per 1,000 dance hours in both female and male dancers and tended to increase with increasing age. Most injuries occurred as the result of overuse. Seventy-six per cent of all injuries occurred in the lower extremities. Ankle sprain was the most common traumatic diagnosis, while the most common overuse-related diagnosis was tendinosis pedis. A few gender differences were noted. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that there is a need to apply primary injury prevention in young ballet dancers. Future studies could aim to identify (1) injury risk factors and (2) injury prevention programmes that are effective at reducing injury rates in young dancers. Level of evidence II.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Loth, Daan W, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association analysis identifies six new loci associated with forced vital capacity
- 2014
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46, s. 669-677
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Forced vital capacity (FVC), a spirometric measure of pulmonary function, reflects lung volume and is used to diagnose and monitor lung diseases. We performed genome-wide association study meta-analysis of FVC in 52,253 individuals from 26 studies and followed up the top associations in 32,917 additional individuals of European ancestry. We found six new regions associated at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) with FVC in or near EFEMP1, BMP6, MIR129-2-HSD17B12, PRDM11, WWOX and KCNJ2. Two loci previously associated with spirometric measures (GSTCD and PTCH1) were related to FVC. Newly implicated regions were followed up in samples from African-American, Korean, Chinese and Hispanic individuals. We detected transcripts for all six newly implicated genes in human lung tissue. The new loci may inform mechanisms involved in lung development and the pathogenesis of restrictive lung disease.
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| 45. |
- Maksimovic, M., et al.
(author)
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The Solar Orbiter Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument
- 2020
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 642
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument on the ESA Solar Orbiter mission is described in this paper. This instrument is designed to measure in-situ magnetic and electric fields and waves from the continuous to a few hundreds of kHz. RPW will also observe solar radio emissions up to 16 MHz. The RPW instrument is of primary importance to the Solar Orbiter mission and science requirements since it is essential to answer three of the four mission overarching science objectives. In addition RPW will exchange on-board data with the other in-situ instruments in order to process algorithms for interplanetary shocks and type III langmuir waves detections.
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| 46. |
- Nager, Anna, et al.
(author)
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High lifelong relapse rate of psychiatric disorders among women with postpartum psychosis
- 2013
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 67:1, s. 53-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nager A, Szulkin R, Johansson S-E, Johansson L-M, Sundquist K. High lifelong relapse rate of psychiatric disorders among women with postpartum psychosis. Nord J Psychiatry 2013;67:53-58. Background: The relapse rate for psychiatric disorders after postpartum psychosis is high. Apart from subsequent puerperal periods, previous studies have not examined when relapses in psychiatric disorders occur. In addition, little is known about the impact of certain individual factors on the risk of non-puerperal readmission among women with previous postpartum psychosis. Aims: The first aim was to examine the association between non-puerperal readmission due to psychiatric disorders and years of follow-up (in total, 30 years) in women with postpartum psychosis. The second aim was to examine the impact of age, type of psychosis, previous hospitalization for psychiatric disorders and level of education on the risk of non-puerperal readmission due to psychiatric disorders. Methods: All Swedish women aged 20-44 with postpartum psychosis (n = 3140) were followed between 1975 and 2004 for non-puerperal readmission due to psychiatric disorders. A Cox frailty regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios for non-puerperal readmission. Results: The risk of non-puerperal readmission, although gradually decreasing with time, remained high many years after the postpartum psychosis. The risk of non-puerperal readmission was significantly higher among women with schizophrenia, lower levels of education and previous psychiatric hospitalization. Conclusions: Postpartum psychosis is often part of a lifelong recurrent psychiatric disorder. Women with schizophrenia, lower levels of education and hospitalization due to a psychiatric disorder prior to postpartum psychosis have a higher risk of non-puerperal readmission. Clinical implications: The findings constitute important knowledge for all healthcare workers encountering women with a previous postpartum psychosis.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Risacher, C., et al.
(author)
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A 279-381 GHz SIS Receiver for the APEX Telescope
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 2-4, 2005. ; , s. 432-437
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 49. |
- Salminen, Helena, et al.
(author)
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The effect of transvaginal estradiol on bone in aged women; a randomised controlled trial
- 2007
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In: Maturitas. - Ireland : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0378-5122 .- 1873-4111. ; 57, s. 370-381
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the effect of transvaginal estradiol on bone mineral density and bone metabolism. Methods: One hundred and fifteen women (mean age 73.8 ± 3.2 years) were randomly assigned to a 2-year open-label parallel group clinical trial and were treated with either transvaginal estradiol (7.5 μg/24 h), or no estradiol. Both groups received 400 IU vitamin D and 500 mg calcium/day. The bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed in the hip and spine using DXA technique and in the heel using DXL technique. Results: The intention to treat analysis showed that the increase in BMD in the estradiol group was significant at total hip by 0.6% (P = 0.04) while the control group decreased in their BMD by 0.7%. At lumbar spine the estradiol group increased in BMD by 2.6% (P = 0.011) while the control group increased by 2.2%. Bone turnover markers and PTH-levels decreased while 25-OH vitamin D levels increased in both groups, a probable effect of the calcium and vitamin D supplementation. The bone resorption marker CTx decreased more significantly in the treatment group (P = 0.016). Conclusions: The transvaginal estradiol treatment of 7.5 μg/24 h had a small but significant effect on the BMD of total hip and lumbar spine after a follow-up of 2 years.
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| 50. |
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