| 1. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using secondary vertex b tagging
- 2006
-
In: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 74:11, s. 112004-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report a new measurement of the t (t) over bar production cross section in p (beta) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using events with one charged lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse energy, and jets. Using 425 pb(-1) of data collected using the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, and enhancing the t (t) over bar content of the sample by tagging b jets with a secondary vertex tagging algorithm, the t (t) over bar production cross section is measured to be sigma(p (t) over bar -> t (t) over bar +X)=6.6 +/- 0.9(stat+syst) +/- 0.4(lum) pb. This cross section is the most precise D0 measurement to date for t (t) over bar production and is in good agreement with standard model expectations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(author)
-
The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
-
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(author)
-
Alcohol involvement in Swedish University freshmen related to gender, age, serious relationship and family history of alcohol problems.
- 2007
-
In: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502 .- 0735-0414. ; 42, s. 448-455
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The primary aim of this study was to describe alcohol involvement in relation to gender and different age cohorts among freshmen at two Swedish universities. The secondary aim was to investigate whether the results were related to a likelihood of students being in serious relationships and/or had a first-degree relative with alcohol problems. Methods: Two complete cohorts of university freshmen at two homogeneous universities were asked to participate in an intervention study, and the results of the basic assessments are presented in this article. The following instruments were used: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Estimated Blood Alcohol Concentration (eBAC) and a shortened version of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ). Results: A total of 2032 (72%) freshmen agreed to participate. The mean AUDIT score was 8.8 (4.9) for men and 6.0 (+4.0) for women, and there were high correlations between the AUDIT and other instruments. There were significant differences between different age groups for both men and women. Both genders were more likely to have AUDIT scores higher than the usual cut-off levels for high-risk interventions among those with first-degree heredity of alcohol problems, while those students in serious relationships were less likely to have AUDIT scores above the usual cut-off levels for high-risk interventions. Conclusion: This study reveals a high level of alcohol involvement among Swedish university freshmen. This is affected by age, gender, heredity of alcohol problems and serious relationships.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(author)
-
Intervention for hazardous alcohol use and high level of stress in university freshmen A comparison between an intervention and a control University.
- 2009
-
In: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6240 .- 0006-8993. ; Aug 20, s. 61-71
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The first year of university studies is associated with increased levels of alcohol drinking and stress. This study examines the one-year outcome of both primary and secondary interventions of one alcohol programme and one stress intervention programme at an intervention university in comparison with a control university. METHODS: At the intervention university all freshmen were offered a primary prevention programme for hazardous alcohol use and stress management and, in addition, those who had high ratings for stress and/or hazardous alcohol use were offered a secondary intervention programme for alcohol consumption and/or stress management. Freshmen still attending the two universities one year later responded to follow-up questionnaires. RESULTS: The primary alcohol and stress interventions were associated with lower alcohol expectancies and mental symptoms, but no differences in AUDIT scores (-0.2, CI 95% -0.5 to 0.1), estimated blood alcohol concentrations or stress in comparison to freshmen at the control university. The secondary alcohol interventions were associated with decreased AUDIT (-1.1, CI 95% -2.0 to -0.2) as well as alcohol expectancies, blood alcohol concentrations, stress and mental symptoms in comparison to high-risk freshmen at the control university. The secondary stress interventions were associated with decreased mental symptoms and alcohol expectancies, but not stress, AUDIT scores (-0.6, CI 95% -1.4 to 0.2) and blood alcohol concentrations in comparison to high-risk freshmen at the control university. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that both primary and secondary alcohol and stress interventions have 1-year effects in university freshmen and could be implemented in university settings.
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(author)
-
Measurement properties of the Arnetz and Hasson stress questionnaire in Swedish university freshmen.
- 2009
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 37, s. 273-279
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Arnetz and Hasson seven-item stress questionnaire in order to select high-risk freshmen for a stress and alcohol intervention research project. METHODS: Two complete cohorts of university freshmen at two universities were asked to participate in an intervention study. All subjects responded to seven Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) measuring common areas associated with stress. Measurement properties were evaluated by analysing internal consistency and construct validity. RESULTS: A total of 2,032 (72%) freshmen agreed to participate. In total 14,184 out of 14,224 (99.7%) of the Visual Analogue Scales were answered. The Chronbach's alpha coefficient for the complete scale was 0.787. The Varimax rotation factor analysis, using an eigen value of 1, resulted in one factor that covered all items with factor scores of 0.50 and over. This factor explained 46% of the variance. A logistic regression analysis established that mental symptoms, living outside a serious relationship, and female gender were associated with a high stress level. CONCLUSIONS: The Arnetz and Hasson stress questionnaire is easy to use and offers sufficient internal consistency and construct validity.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(author)
-
Relationship of Protective Behavioral Strategies to Alcohol Consequences Among Swedish High School Seniors : Moderating Role of Conduct Disorder Symptoms
- 2012
-
In: Alcoholism. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 36:s1, s. 67A-67A
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This observational study sought to improve our understanding of factors that contribute to risky sexual behavior among women seeking treatment for alcohol and other substance use disorders. Women were recruited at the start of outpatient (n=236) or inpatient (n=166) treatment. At intake, a Timeline Follow-back interview was used to obtain retrospective reports of daily drinking, drug use, and sexual behavior for a 90-day pre-treatment baseline period. Additional interview and questionnaire measures also were obtained. Measures were re- administered at four 90-day follow-up interviews. Among women who reported sex with a primary partner during baseline (n=261), 15% reported consistent condom use for all events with this partner, whereas 80% reported no condom use with this partner. Among women who reported sex with a non-primary partner (n=159; doesn’t include commercial sex trading), 26% reported consistent condom use and 45% reported no condom use with such partners. Significant correlates of non-use of condoms included negative beliefs and attitudes and low self-efficacy regarding condom use and AIDS prevention, as well as psychological distress, sexual impulsiveness and sensation seeking, history of severe assault by a male partner, and (with primary partners) negative partner attitudes toward condom use. Some of these correlates also predicted unprotected sex with a primary partner during the first 90 days after treatment entry, after controlling for baseline. However, unsafe sex with a non-primary partner during follow-up was most notably associated with follow-up levels of substance use, i.e., more drinks per drinking day and greater frequency of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use. In sum, preliminary analyses of baseline and follow-up data indicate a high prevalence of unprotected sex in this population. Identification of factors related to baseline and follow-up levels of risky behavior may suggest targets for future intervention development.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(author)
-
Stress and hazardous alcohol use: Associations with early dropout from university.
- 2009
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 37:7, s. 713-719
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The transition to studying at university is associated with increased levels of both stress and hazardous alcohol use. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of these factors on first-year dropout from university studies. METHODS: Two complete cohorts of university freshmen at two homogeneous universities, one in the north and one in the south of Sweden, were asked to participate in an intervention study. Participants responded to a baseline questionnaire including measures of stress and alcohol use. Official university records showing dropout over 12 months were collected. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis established that high stress and admission to the northern university were associated with dropout from university studies, while symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as hazardous drinking were not. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to address the issue of stress associated with the start of university studies. It seems important to offer stress-reducing interventions, specifically aimed at reducing transitional stress, as soon as students start university.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(author)
-
Perceived Risk for Cannabis, Tobacco and Alcohol : Comparison of US and Swedish High School Students
- 2014
-
In: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 38:s1, s. 347A-347A
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aims: Perceived risk is related to use of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco among youth. Sweden and US have different policies and customs related to these substances thatmay influence both risk perception and behavior regarding use of these substances. Differences in perceived risk of cannabis, cigarettes, chewing tobacco and alcohol in Sweden and the US have been reported but no direct systematic comparison has been performed. Design and setting: The ATLAS Project is a long-term longitudinal study comparing the development of substance use from high school to the young adult life period (18–23 years) in the US and Sweden. Participants: Baseline data for 3352 17–19 year-old high school students (65%from Sweden, 56% women, mean age 17.8, 35%from US 58%women,mean age 17.6). Measurements: Surveys of perceived risk items, ever use of cannabis, cigarettes and alcohol, as well as conduct problems, mental health symptoms, and impulsivity. Findings: The largest differences between the countries were found for the risk of cannabis use. Swedish participants reported much higher perceived risk both for continuous and occasional use than US students. For cigarettes, chewing tobacco and alcohol students from the US reported higher risk perception than the Swedish students did. Females reported higher perceived risk for all substances than male students.Conduct problems were associated with less perceived risk in all examples and impulsivity in cannabis and alcohol issues. Increasedmental health symptoms were associated with increased perceived risk for alcohol. Those who have used the specific drug reported lower levels of risk for that drug butmostly not for other drugs. Conclusions: Perceived risk for cannabis was higher in Swedish students than in US students while cigarette smoking, chewing tobacco and alcohol use were perceived as more risky in the US. One possibility could be that Sweden has much tougher drug laws than the US while less stringent alcohol and tobacco laws.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(author)
-
Self-reported disability in relation to alcohol and other drug use and mental health among emerging adults : an international comparison
- 2012
-
In: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 36:s1, s. 284A-284A
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present study includes baseline data from 2867 students (77.8% from Sweden, 22.2% from US) and evaluates the relationships among self-reported disabilities, alcohol use, other substance use, and psychosocial adjustment. There were 114 (4.6%) ‘‘hard-of-hearing’’ (HH) students, 129 (5.2%) reported visual disabilities, 33 (1.3%) reported motor disabilities, 223 (9.0%) reported a reading/writing disability, and 97 (3.6%) reported they had ‘‘other’’ disabilities. Of these, 70 (14.1%) reported more than one disability. Presence of a disability was significantly higher among Sweden students (2 (1)=19.93, p< 0.001), with 19.1% of Sweden students and 11.5% of US students reporting at least one disability. Reporting any type of disability was associated with significantly greater alcohol use frequency, intensity, and related problems (all p < 0.02), significantly more mental health symptoms and conduct problems (p < 0.005), and significantly greater likelihood of illicit and prescription drug use (all p < 0.001). With respect to specific disabilities, individuals with motor disabilities reported the highest levels of alcohol use and mental health symptoms, whereas individuals who reported ‘‘other’’ disabilities had higher rates of illicit drug use and conduct problems. Further, there was a significantly positive correlation between the number of disabilities and intensity of alcohol use, mental health symptoms, conduct problems, illicit and prescription drug use, and alcohol related problems (all p < 0.001). The association between conduct problems and disability (any disability and number of disabilities) was moderated by country of origin, gender, and drinking for coping reasons on the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Participants in Sweden, males, and those who drank for coping reasons were more likely to report a relationship between disability and conduct problems (p < 0.001). Participants who drank for coping reasons were also more likely to report a relationship between disability and alcohol related problems (p=0.001). These findings indicate students with disabilities are an important risk group for preventive interventions for alcohol, substance, and mental health problems, and may benefit from interventions which target healthy coping skills. This research was supported by NIAAA # 5R01AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
-
The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
|
|
| 14. |
- Fossos-Wong, Nicole, et al.
(author)
-
Changes in Alcohol Expectancies, Drinking and Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences in the Transition out of High School
- 2014
-
In: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 38:s1, s. 59A-59A
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The transition fromadolescence to emerging adulthood is a period of increased risk for heavy drinking behavior. Prior research has found that college students drink more and experience more consequences than their non-college counterparts. However, sparse research has examined whether students who are college- versus work-bound show differences in drinking and related consequences in high school (HS) as well. In addition, little research has explored whether alcohol expectancies also change over time as a function of selection into college versus non-college environments. The current study examined whether alcohol-related expectancies, consequences, and drinking changed over the course of a year as a function of whether participants transitioned into a four-year university (UNI), community college/trade school (CC), or workforce setting (WF). Participants (N=848) were HS seniors (mean age=17.5 years; 37%male, 73%Caucasian) taking part in a larger study examining alcohol use trajectories.Measures included alcohol expectancies (CEOA), drinking (DDQ), and alcohol-related problems (RAPI) assessed during their senior year and one year later. Repeatedmeasures ANOVAs revealed significant main effects for time, indicating increases in drinks per week F(1, 807)=19.18, p>0.001 and alcohol-related problems F(1, 808)=8.78, p>0.01 and a decrease in alcohol expectancies F(1, 808)=14.35, p>0.001 from baseline to 12 month follow-up. Results also found a main effect for group, indicating UNI students held higher expectancies F(2, 808)=8.15, p>0.001 and drank more F(2, 807)=6.26, p>0.01 than other participants. A significant time9group interaction showed that whereas UNI-bound students drank less thanWF-bound students in HS, the roles reversed one year later with UNI students drinking more thanWF students F (2, 807)=27.56, p>0.001. Similarly, WF-bound students had more alcohol-related problems in HS followed by CC-bound students and UNI-bound students, but one year later the order reversed with UNI students exhibiting the most alcohol-related problems F(2, 807)=5.21, p>0.01. Results indicate that whereas UNI-bound seniors exhibit the highest expectancies, drink less, and experience fewer problems during HS, upon entry into UNI, they experience more problems and out-drink their CC andWF counterparts. These results highlight the importance of prevention strategies, including an expectancy challenge component, especially for UNI-bound HS seniors.
|
|
| 15. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, 1972-
(author)
-
The importance of being thin : perceived expectations from self and others and the effect on self-evaluation in girls with disordered eating
- 2010
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overall aims of this thesis were to examine personal standards, self-evaluation and attitudes to eating and weight in the development of disturbed eating in adolescent girls, and to examine how adolescent girls with a clinical eating disorder reflect upon and deal with perceived expectations in daily life.Studies I and II were quantitative studies, conducted in a population-based longitudinal study. Studies III and IV were qualitative interview studies of girls who were suffering from eating disorders and the data were analysed using a phenomenographic approach.Study I showed that high personal standards expressed in a competitive way were specific for the girls with disturbed eating. These girls also reported a negative physical self-evaluation and often believed that thinness would make them more popular. In study II variables concerning attitudes to eating and weight and physical self-evaluation emerged as risk factors for disturbed eating, whereas personal standards or self-evaluation in general did not. Protective factors were a low BMI, healthy eating attitudes, an accepting attitude towards body size and a positive self-evaluation. Three categories of perceived expectations were described in study III: expectations from others, self-imposed expectations and conflicting expectations. Many informants had problems identifying expectations that were not explicit and they interpreted them as self-imposed. In study IV the various ways in which the informants reflected on dealing with these expectations were summarized into three qualitatively different conceptions: being oneself, adapting to different situations and presenting oneself in a positive light. These conceptions were expressed in five patterns of action, which could have various functions for different individuals and in different situations.The results suggest that in order to prevent and treat eating disorders and related problems it is essential to integrate both intrapersonal and contextual factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of these conditions.
|
|
| 16. |
- Hansson, Jeanette, 1972, et al.
(author)
-
Antibiotics as First-line Therapy for Acute Appendicitis: Evidence for a Change in Clinical Practice.
- 2012
-
In: World journal of surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2323 .- 0364-2313. ; 36:9, s. 2028-36
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Randomized studies have indicated that acute appendicitis may be treated by antibiotics without the need of surgery. However, concerns have been raised about selection bias of patients in such studies. Therefore, the present study was aimed to validate previous findings in randomized studies by a full-scale population-based application.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Larimer, Mary E, et al.
(author)
-
An International Comparison of a Web-Based Personalized Feedback Intervention for Alcohol use During the Transition out of High School in the United States and Sweden.
- 2021
-
In: Prevention Science. - : Springer. - 1389-4986 .- 1573-6695. ; 22, s. 670-682
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Young adult drinkers engage in a range of drinking patterns from abstaining to heavy drinking in both the United States and Sweden. Heavy drinking during young adulthood in both countries is associated with a variety of negative consequences. Personalized feedback interventions have been identified as effective prevention strategies to prevent or reduce heavy drinking in the United States. This study examined transitions in drinking profiles and compared the efficacy of a personalized feedback intervention for 3965 young adults in the United States (1,735) and Sweden (2230) during their transition out of high school. Using goodness-of-fit criteria, results indicated that three drinking profiles exist among young adults transitioning out of high school: very low drinkers/abstainers, moderate to heavy drinkers, and very heavy drinkers. Latent Markov models revealed a moderating effect of country on personalized feedback intervention such that intervention condition participants in the United States were more likely to belong to the light drinker/abstainer or moderate to heavy profile relative to the very heavy drinking profile at 6-month follow-up. There was no significant effect of personalized feedback intervention in Sweden. Future research could investigate the impact of when personalized feedback interventions are administered and could examine if personalized feedback interventions should be more intentionally culturally adapted in order to be more effective.
|
|
| 20. |
- Larimer, M.E., et al.
(author)
-
An international comparison of a web-based personalized feedback intervention in high school students USA and Sweden
- 2013
-
In: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 37:s2, s. 260A-260A
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A key developmental period for alcohol misuse is emerging adulthood (roughly ages 18–25). Personalized Feedback Interventions (PFI) are effective in reducing alcohol-related harmin college populations, however little research has evaluated PFIs given during high school.Moreover, cultural differences influence both alcohol misuse and response to interventions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based PFI given to high school seniors (ages 17-19) in the USA and Sweden. 1181 participants (42.3%male; 28.3%risky drinkers based on AUDIT-C) in the USA and 2171 in Sweden (44.1%male; 52.3% risky drinkers based on AUDIT-C) were assessed during their high school senior year. Approximately 1/3 were randomized to receive PFI. Approximately 1 week after viewing the PFI, participants were asked to complete a post-feedback satisfaction survey (3 subscales: information motivated change, shared information with friends, information was educational), and their “stage” on the readiness to change scale. Results showed 1) information motivated change subscale was associated with increases in contemplation and action stages of change and decreases in precontemplation; Swedish participants and those with higher AUDIT-C scores had lower scores; (2) USA sample was less likely to share information with friends; those with higher AUDIT-C scores were more likely to share information with friends; and (3) those with higher AUDIT-C scores were less likely to find information educational. Participants completed 6- and 12- month follow up surveys. After controlling for key baseline variables and using appropriate distributions for analyses, 6 month outcomes from 2236 participants (852 in USA; 1384 in Sweden; 731 received PFI), found those who received PFI drank significantly less alcohol per occasion (typical and peak), had lower blood alcohol concentration (typical and peak) and drank on fewer occasions than those who did not receive the PFI (effect size range: d = .12 to d = .22). There were no significant effects of PFI on alcohol-related problems or readiness to change and no significant interactions between country of residence and intervention on drinking outcomes. Results suggest web-based PFIs given during senior year of high school are efficacious in reducing alcohol use during transition to adulthood. Twelve-month outcomes and mediators will also be presented. This research was supported by NIAAA # 5R01AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund.
|
|
| 21. |
- Lindahl, B, et al.
(author)
-
Correlation between estradiol-17 beta and progesterone cytosol receptor concentration, histologic differentiation and 3H-thymidine incorporation in endometrial carcinoma
- 1982
-
In: Anticancer research. - 0250-7005. ; 2:4, s. 7-203
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Women treated with estrogen exhibit a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer. steroid hormones exert their effects on target tissue through specific cytosol receptor protein. Knowledge of this steroid receptor concentration in endometrial carcinoma might facilitate the treatment of recurrences. We have compared the concentrations of endometrial estrogen and progesterone cytosol receptors with the histologic grade of endometrial carcinoma as well as the rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation. We found a significant difference in receptor concentration between well-moderately differentiated tumours and poorly differentiated ones. No correlation was found between 3H-thymidine incorporation rate and differentiation. A positive correlation between thymidine incorporation rate and progesterone receptor concentration was noticed. The concentration of receptors varies within a wide range of each group of differentiation; thus 23% and 4% of the poorly differentiated tumours had higher concentration of estradiol and progesterone receptors respectively than the median values for well differentiated tumours.
|
|
| 22. |
- Lopez, Rodrigo, et al.
(author)
-
Amplitude and phase control of attosecond light pulses
- 2005
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 94:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the generation, compression, and delivery on target of ultrashort extreme-ultraviolet light pulses using external amplitude and phase control. Broadband harmonic radiation is first generated by focusing an infrared laser with a carefully chosen intensity into a gas cell containing argon atoms. The emitted light then goes through a hard aperture and a thin aluminum filter that selects a 30-eV bandwidth around a 30-eV photon energy and synchronizes all of the components, thereby enabling the formation of a train of almost Fourier-transform-limited single-cycle 170 attosecond pulses. Our experiment demonstrates a practical method for synthesizing and controlling attosecond waveforms.
|
|
| 23. |
- Robson, L, et al.
(author)
-
Volumetric intensity dependence on the formation of molecular and atomic ions within a high intensity laser focus
- 2005
-
In: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1879-1123 .- 1044-0305. ; 16:1, s. 82-89
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mechanism of atomic and molecular ionization in intense, ultra-short laser fields is a subject which continues to receive considerable attention. An inherent difficulty with techniques involving the tight focus of a laser beam is the continuous distribution of intensities contained within the focus, which can vary over several orders of magnitude. The present study adopts time of flight mass spectrometry coupled with a high intensity (8 X 10(15) Wcm(-2)), ultra-short (20 fs) pulse laser in order to investigate the ionization and dissociation of the aromatic molecule benzene-d1 (C6H5D) as a function of intensity within a focused laser beam, by scanning the laser focus in the direction of propagation, while detecting ions produced only in a "thin" slice (400 and 800 mum) of the focus. The resultant TOF mass spectra varies significantly, highlighting the dependence on the range of specific intensities accessed and their volumetric weightings on the ionization/dissociation pathways accessed.
|
|
| 24. |
- Schwebel, Frank J, et al.
(author)
-
Does mindfulness moderate the relationship between protective behavioral strategies and alcohol use in high school seniors?
- 2015
-
In: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; 39:S1, s. 146A-146A
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Decreases in alcohol consumptions have been linked to the use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) a number of times (Arterberry et al., 2014; Kenny et al., 2014; & Braitman et al., 2014). Trait mindfulness has been researched looking for a link in substance use treatment. Promising results have been found (Grow et al., 2015; Vinci et al., 2014) that have led to the creation of treatment modalities such as Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (Bowen, Charla, Marlatt, 2010). The present study investigates the relation between PBS, mindfulness, and negative outcomes due to alcohol consumption. The participants are part of a larger study (N = 3,352) investigating a brief online alcohol use intervention amongWashington state (n = 1,181) and Swedish high school seniors (n = 2,171). Data was collected at a six-month follow-up via an online survey. Participants completed the 15-item Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale that measures PBS with responses ranging from 1-Never to 6-Always (PBSS; Martens et al., 2007); a 12-item trait mindfulness measure with responses ranging from1-Rarely/Not at all to 4-Almost always (Cognitive and AffectiveMindfulness Scale Revised; Feldman et al., 2007); and the Young Adult Alcohol Problem Screening Test (Hurlbut & Sher, 1992), which measures social and personal problems related to drinking. A regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the measures. Significant main effects were found for PBS (p < 0.001) and mindfulness (p < 0.01) on negative consequences of alcohol use. However, there was no moderating effect of mindfulness on the relation between PBS and negative effects of alcohol (p = 0.10). Results support past research on the impact of mindfulness on negative effects of alcohol. Results regarding PBS were not consistent with past literature regarding their impact on decreasing negative effects of alcohol. This may be attributed to a relationship between those individuals using PBS and the amount of negative drinking consequences they already experience. There was not enough evidence to suggest amoderating effect ofmindfulness as a factor that would further decrease negative alcohol effects. Future research could investigate whether a treatment designed to increase the effectiveness of PBS through increased mindfulness is a suitable intervention. This research was supported by NIAAA # 5R01AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund.
|
|
| 25. |
- Ståhlbrandt, Henrietta, et al.
(author)
-
Cross-Cultural Patterns in College Student Drinking and its Consequences - A Comparison between the USA and Sweden
- 2008
-
In: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502 .- 0735-0414. ; 43:6, s. 698-705
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: The aim of the study was to compare alcohol use, consequences and common risk factors between American and Swedish college students. Methods: A secondary comparative analysis from one American and two Swedish studies in college settings. Results: Swedish freshmen report higher alcohol use than US freshmen students. Swedish residence hall students report higher alcohol use than US residence hall students, but lower than American fraternity/sorority members. US students were less likely to be drinkers. Controlling for age, country moderated the relationship between family history and harmful drinking scores for women (stronger in the USA), and between expectancies and harmful drinking scores for men (stronger in Sweden), though in both cases this represented a small effect and patterns were similar overall. Conclusions: Swedish students are at higher risk for alcohol use than US students, but similar patterns between aetiological predictors and outcomes in both countries suggest that research from the USA is generalizable to Swedish students and vice versa. More research is needed to better understand unique relationships associated with age and family history.
|
|
| 26. |
- Svensson, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Interplay between signaling via the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) in human eosinophils.
- 2009
-
In: Journal of leukocyte biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1938-3673 .- 0741-5400. ; 86:2, s. 327-36
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eosinophils express the chemoattractant receptors CCR3 and FPR. CCR3 binds several agonists such as eotaxin-1, -2, and -3 and RANTES, whereas the FPR binds the formylated tripeptide fMLP and a host of other ligands. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is interplay between these two receptors regarding the elicitation of migration and respiratory burst in human blood-derived eosinophils. Inhibition of the FPR with the antagonists CyH and boc-MLP abrogated the migration of eosinophils toward all of the CCR3 agonists. Similar results were seen when the FPR was desensitized with its cognate ligand, fMLP. In contrast, the respiratory burst triggered by eotaxin-1 was not inhibited by CyH. Thus, signals evoked via the FPR caused unidirectional down-regulation of CCR3-mediated chemotaxis but not respiratory burst in human eosinophils. The underlying mechanism was neither reduced ability of the CCR3 ligand eotaxin-1 to bind to CCR3 nor down-regulation of CCR3 from the cell surface. Finally, confocal microscopy and adFRET analysis ruled out homo- or heterodimer formation between FPR and/or CCR3 as an explanation for the reduction in chemotaxis via CCR3. Pharmacologic inhibition of signal transduction molecules showed that the release of free oxygen radicals in response to eotaxin-1 compared with fMLP is relatively more dependent on the p38 MAPK pathway.
|
|
| 27. |
- Valenstein-Mah, Helen, et al.
(author)
-
Facets of mindfulness predict drinking consequences in a sample of American and Swedish adolescents
- 2015
-
In: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; 39:S1, s. 146A-146A
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mindfulness-based interventions have become increasingly utilized with individuals with alcohol and substance use disorders (e.g., Bowen et al., 2014); however, the relationship between mindfulness and substance use is complex (Karyadi et al., 2014). Mindfulness is a multifaceted construct and includes factors related to attentional control, present moment focus, and an attitude of non-judgment and acceptance. Thus, the relationship between different mindfulness factors and substance use, and negative consequences related to its use, may differ. In the present study, we examined which specific elements of mindfulness would best predict drinking consequences 6 months later in a sample of American and Swedish adolescents. Additionally, we examined whether adolescents’ nationality would moderate the relationship between mindfulness and drinking consequences. Our sample included Washington St, USA and Swedish adolescents participating in a larger study investigating a brief online intervention for alcohol use (N = 3,352). Participants completed an online survey at 6- and 12-month follow up. At the 6-month follow up, trait-mindfulness wasmeasured using the Cognitive and AffectiveMindfulness Scale-Revised (Feldman et al., 2007). At 12-month follow up, alcohol related negative consequences were measured using the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (White & Lobouvie, 1989). Linear regression analysis revealed that mindfulness factors did explain a significant proportion of variance in drinking consequences scores, R2 = 0.02, F(4, 620) = 2.67, p = 0.03. Specifically, the mindfulness factor of attention predicted drinking consequences, such that lower levels of attention predictedmore drinking consequences, b = 0.23, p = 0.02. None of the other mindfulness factors significantly predicted drinking consequences. Adolescents’ nationality did notmoderate the relationship between the mindfulness factors and drinking consequences 6 month later. The present study findings differ from previous findings, which found a relationship between awareness and drinking consequences (Fernandez et al., 2010), although this may be due to differences in how mindfulness factors were conceptualized and assessed. Nationality was not shown to moderate the relationship between mindfulness factors and drinking consequences, suggesting that mindfulness factors may not be culturally bound and may operate consistently across cultures, although examination of additional cultures is needed.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Witkiewitz, Katie, et al.
(author)
-
Drinking Trajectories in US and Sweden Young Adults : Patterns and Predictor
- 2014
-
In: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 38:s1, s. 347A-347A
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Purpose: Alcohol use reaches its peak during young adulthood. The current study examined transitions in drinking status across a one year period in Swedish and American young adults while also examining the association between country of origin, educational status, tobacco use, andmarijuana use on the probabilities of heavy drinking and transitions in heavy drinking over time. Methods: Young adults (N=3342; mean age=17.7 (SD=0.53; 56.6% female) were recruited from Sweden (n=2171) and US (n=1181) schools and assessed prospectively at 6- and 12-months following the baseline assessment. The Daily Drinking Questionnaire was used to assess changes in the quantity and frequency of alcohol use. Educational status, tobacco use, andmarijuana use were also assessed prospectively at 6- and 12-months. Results: Latent Markov models were used to examine changes in alcohol use from baseline to the 12-month follow-up, as well as cross-sectional and cross-lagged associations between heavy drinking and educational status, tobacco use, and marijuana use over time. The “low drinking class” had, on average,
|
|
